GENERAL :-

1) Contains a general message

2) Informal in style and approach
3) No set pattern
4) Mostly oral
5) Not always for a specific audience
6) No use of technical terms or graphics
General communication is personal & subjective
It is applicable type.
Facts doesnot matter much........
Vocabulary used are general.


TECHNICAL :-
1) Contains a technical message
2) Mostly formal in style and approach
3) Follows a set pattern
4) Both oral and written
5) Always for a specific audience
6) Frequently involves jargons, graphics etc.
technical communication is impersonal & objective.
It is solution type
Facts and figures mentioned are correct.

Vocabulary used are specific.








CHART----------the communication chart is a simple but powerful way to record how
someone communicates with his or her behaviour. While it is a critical tool to have
when people do not communicate with words, it is also important to use when
communication with behaviour is clearer than thecommunication with words, or when
what people say and what they mean are different.
This tool helps:
As a way to help us to focus on people's communication whether they use words to speak or
not.
To identify and clarify communication whenever what the person does communicate with
their actions is different from what they say.
It works by giving a snapshot of how someone communicates.
'Everyone who is dependent on others for support has an especially critical need to
have his or her communication understood'






Downward communication: Downward communication flows from people at higher level to those at
lower levels in the organization hierarchy. This kind of communication exists especially in
organizations with an authoritarian leadership style. Examples of written downwards communication
are memo, letters, handbooks, policy statements and procedures.
Upward communication: This communication travels from subordinates to superiors and continues
up the organizational hierarchy. This type of communication is found in participative and democratic
organizational environments. Typical means of upward communication are suggestion systems,
appeal and grievance procedures, complaint systems, counseling sessions, grapevine, group
meetings, morale questionnaires and the exit interview.
Lateral (or horizontal) communication: It includes the horizontal flow of information
between people on the same or similar organisational levels and diagonal flow between persons at
different levels who have no direct reporting relationships. This kind of communication is used to
speed information flow, to improve understanding and to coordinate efforts for the achievement of
organisational objectives. It may include oral communication ranging from informal meetings , or more
formal conferences and board meetings. Written forms include company newspapers or magazine
and bulletin boards.
Diagonal Communication: Communication that takes place between a manager and employees of
other workgroups is called diagonal communication. It generally does not appear on organizational
chart. For instance - To design a training module a training manager interacts with an Operations
personnel to enquire about the way they perform their task.


Advantages of Communication Flows
Naturally, each of these different directional flows has its functions and advantages. Downward
communication, for example, is appropriate for giving instructions or directionstelling people what to do.
(As a goal of communication, by the way, giving orders isnt as one-sided as it may seem. One of the things
that employeesthe receiversmost want to know is: What, exactly, does my job entail?
[3]
) Like a sales
report, upward communication usually provides managers with information that they need for making
decisions, but its also the vehicle for new ideas, suggestions, and complaints. Horizontal communication
supports efforts to coordinate tasks and otherwise help people work together.
Disadvantages of Communication Flows
And, of course, each type of flow has its disadvantages. As information seeps downward, for instance, it
tends to lose some of its original clarity and often becomes distorted or downright wrong. (This is especially
true when its delivered orally.) In addition, unlike Donald Trump, most people who are responsible for
using downward communication dont like delivering bad news (such as Youre fired or, more commonly,
Your job is being phased out); as a result, bad newsincluding bad news that happens to be important
newsis often ignored or disguised. The same thing may happen when bad newssay, a negative status
reportmust be sent upward.
Finally, while horizontal flows are valuable for promoting cooperation, they can also be used to engage in
conflictfor instance, between two departments competing for the same organizational resources. The
problem is especially bad when such horizontal communications breach official upward or downward lines
of communication, thus bypassing managers who might be able to resolve the conflict.