CaseStudy-Ceramic Industry PDF

ETIV EMAS Technical Implementation and Verification Page 1 of 80
CASE STUDY Implementation of EMAS in Ceramic Industry

General data on the case study

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 3
1.1. OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................... 3
1.2. KEY EMS CONCEPTS ......................................................................................... 3
1.3. SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY................................................................... 4
1.4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY............................................ 5
1.4.1 Maronagrs (Margrs) .............................................................................................................. 6
1.4.2 Sanindusa 2............................................................................................................................... 7
1.5. BENEFITS OF EMAS............................................................................................ 8
1.6. DRIVING FORCES................................................................................................ 9
2 EMAS IMPLEMENTATION........................................................... 10
2.1. CHARACTERISATION OF THE ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED.................... 10
2.1.1 Maronagrs............................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.2 Sanindusa 2............................................................................................................................. 14
2.2. EMS SCOPE ......................................................................................................... 17
2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DIAGNOSTIC................................................ 17
2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY............................................................................ 18
2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS......................................................................... 21
2.5.1 Identification of the environment aspects in Maronagrs ....................................................... 22
2.5.2 Identification of the environment aspects in Sanindusa 2....................................................... 27
2.5.3 Keep the information current.................................................................................................. 33
2.6. LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS........................................................ 33
2.6.1 Identification and maintain up-to-date.................................................................................... 33
2.6.2 Other requirements ................................................................................................................. 34
2.6.3 Legal requirements distribution and other requirements......................................................... 34
2.6.4 Applicable legislation............................................................................................................. 35
2.7. OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS ......................................................................... 36
2.8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM....................................... 37
2.9. DEFINITION OF STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITY............................ 41
2.10. TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCE........................................ 44
2.11. COMMUNICATION.......................................................................................... 45
2.11.1 Internal communication........................................................................................................ 45
2.11.2 External communication....................................................................................................... 46
2.12. DOCUMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION CONTROL..................... 47
2.12.1 Documentation ..................................................................................................................... 47



2.12.2 Documentation control ......................................................................................................... 51
2.13. OPERATIONAL CONTROL............................................................................ 54
2.14. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE.................................... 55
2.15. MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT ........................................................ 57
2.16. NONCONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE
ACTION........................................................................................................................... 62
2.17. RECORDS........................................................................................................... 63
2.18. EMS AUDIT........................................................................................................ 64
2.19. MANAGEMENT REVIEW............................................................................... 66
2.20. ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED BY ORGANISATIONS IMPLEMENTING
EMAS 66
2.20.1 Legal compliance.................................................................................................................. 66
2.20.2 Performance.......................................................................................................................... 67
2.20.3 External communication and relations.................................................................................. 70
2.20.4 Employee involvement ......................................................................................................... 71
2.21. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT................................................................ 71
2.22. VERIFICATION................................................................................................. 72
2.23. REGISTRATION ............................................................................................... 72
2.23.1 Implementation..................................................................................................................... 72
2.23.2 Verification and validation ................................................................................................... 73
2.23.3 Register................................................................................................................................. 73
3 CONCLUSION.............................................................................. 74
3.1. MAIN DIFFICULTIES........................................................................................ 74
3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS ACHIEVED and EXPERIENCE
COLLECTED.................................................................................................................. 75
3.2.1 Maronagrs............................................................................................................................. 75
3.2.2 Sanindusa 2............................................................................................................................. 77
3.3. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 79
4 ANEXES ....................................................................................... 80
4.1. Annex 1 Panning ................................................................................................ 80
4.2. Annex 2 Implementation and operation (Do): ................................................ 80
4.3. Annex 3 Checking and corrective action (Check):.......................................... 80
4.4. Annex 4 Management Review (Act):................................................................ 80




1 INTRODUCTION

The main objective of CTCV work on this project is to produce a manual based on the Community eco-
management and audit scheme (EMAS) implementation in the ceramic industry.

These Case studies include a general description of EMAS implementation process, with special focus on
the issues that are more relevant in the ceramic industry.
These study case manual was prepared by the Portuguese Technological Centre for Ceramic and Glass
Industry (Centro Tecnolgico da Cermica e do Vidro) CTCV, Dipl. Ing. Marisa Almeida and it includes 3
main parts. The first one describes in general the ceramics industries (tile and sanitary ware), the second one
focus on the implementation of the EMS (environmental management system) according to EMAS regulation
(Community eco-management and audit scheme) in those industries. Finally it is highlighted the
environmental improvements achieved by the company (results, benefits) and the main difficulties founds.

1.1. OBJECTIVES

The objective of this document is the development of "case studies" manual as a guideline for the ceramic
industry sector to support for the EMAS implementation, and thus promoting and facilitating the registration
of these sector activities, in order to achieve an improved environmental performance.

This Case study includes a general description of the implemented environmental management system
(EMS) and some examples of good practices, documentation and procedures for the ceramic specific
environmental characteristics, taking in account the significant aspects and impacts of the developed activity,
legal requirements and the main relevant conclusions achieved by the organizations.

1.2. KEY EMS CONCEPTS

The basic steps/elements associated with the implementation of an EMS according to EMAS and ISO
14001:1996 follows a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) management model, also called the Deming or PDCA
cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act), focus on the continuous improvement cycle.

Once the EMS is implemented, the organization will develop continuous improvement cycles, repeating the
process and increasing the level of environmental performance.

The continuous improvement of environmental performance is defined at EMAS Regulation as: the
process of enhancing, year by year, the measurable results of the environmental management system related
to an organizations management of its significant environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy,
objectives and targets.

The steps of EMS implementation considered in this case study for the different phases of the continuous
improvement cycle, are:

Planning (Plan):
Environmental review diagnostic;
Identify Environmental Aspects and impacts (see A.3.1 of EMAS II);
Identify and maintain up-to-date legal and other Requirements (see A.3.2);
Establish Objectives and Targets (see A.3.3);
Develop an Environmental Management Program (see A.3.4) and use performance indicator (see B.2).

Implementation and operation (Do):
Definition of structure and responsibility and provide adequate resources (see A.4.1);
Training, awareness and competence (see A.4.2);
Establish internal and external communication (see A.4.3);
Create and maintain EMS documents (see A.4.4);
Documentation control (see A.4.5);
Establish and maintain operational control (see A.4.6);
Emergency preparedness and response (see A.4.7).



Checking and corrective action (Check):
Monitoring and measurement (see A.5.1);
Non-conformance and corrective and preventive actions (see 4.5.2);
Manage Records (see 4.5.3);
Conduct periodic EMS audits (see A.5.4).

Management Review (Act):
Conduct Management review (see A.6);
Identify areas for improvement;
Environmental declaration;
Validation, communication and registration.

A detailed description of the objectives, requirements and actions adopted by the ceramics industries with the
objective of implementing an EMS according to EMAS II is presented at Chapter 2.

An EMS is a tool for strategic environmental management that can be easily integrate with the overall
management system that is built on:
Top management commitment and involvement;
Environmental policy;
Environmental procedures, practices and management programs;
Participation of employee;
Communication;
Training (motivates the employee participation in the improvement of
environmental behaviour
that should be continually monitored and periodically reviewed to provide effective direction for an
organization's environmental management.

1.3. SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY

This case study consists on analysing the implementation of an environmental management system (EMS) in
the ceramic industry in two companies: Maronagrs - Comrcio e Indstria Cermica, S.A (ceramic tiles) and
Sanindusa 2 (sanitary ware), according to the European Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 (EMAS II), although
they have not yet been registered in it.
The staff of the environmental and energy department of the Portuguese Technological Center for Ceramic
and Glass Industry (CTCV) prepared this case study manual.
This case study was divided into three main parts: Introduction, EMAS implementation and Conclusions.
Additionally several documents of the system (procedures, work instructions and other) are included in
annex.

The first part consists of a general description of the companies and its driving forces for EMAS
implementation.

The second part (EMS implementation) intends to present examples of the different steps that these ceramic
companies (MARONAGRES and SANINDUSA 2) took, in order to achieve and improve its environmental
performance. It includes the environmental review diagnosis, the environmental policy, the significant
environmental aspects; objective and targets, the environmental management program, legislation, training
and communication, documentation of the system, operational control; audits; management review and the
content of the environmental Statement, among other information. Special focus was given to ceramic
specific characteristics on implementing an EMS, in accordance with the Regulation EMAS.
The key elements to a good EMS implementation are:

Top management commitment and leadership are crucial.
Perform an environmental diagnostic review in order to understand the main environmental aspects,
legislation, emergency situations, etc
Top management establishes the environmental policy, consisting of fundamental principles and
intentions, which provide the guidance for the EMS objectives and targets, performance, continual
improvement and prevention of pollution.
Identification and classification of the environmental aspects and impacts associated to the ceramic
activities, products and services developed;
Definition of environmental programs to achieve objectives and targets;



Establish the infrastructure to operate the EMS system (in both ceramic industries it was integrated with
other management systems);
Participation of employee including the detection of failures and improvements of environmental
behaviour, operation control, training (encourages and motivates);
Communication with all interested parties, in order to assure the knowledge and participation in the
environmental system;
To monitor and measure environmental parameters and develop procedures and work instruction that
meet the requirements of EMAS II, and take corrective actions;
Top management review to improve the EMS performance.

Conclusions present the environmental improvements achieved by the ceramic companies through the EMAS
implementation. Benefits include a better knowledge and control of the organization environmental impacts
of its activities, products and services, better assure compliance with applicable legal and other requirements
and a continuous improvement in environmental behaviour.
The main difficulties found in the EMAS implementation in the ceramic industries are also point out, and
they refer mainly to the gaseous emissions aspects and noise.
EMAS is a strategic and systematic management tool for environmental issues.

1.4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY

The Ceramic Industry involves the transformation of argillaceous inorganic raw materials by firing them in
order to obtain several ceramic materials.
Portugal possesses a rich soil in amount and quality of a great part of the raw materials used in the ceramic
industry. Therefore, the Ceramic Industry represents a traditional and prominent sector at national level.
This sector produces a wide range of important products from the sanitary ware to the construction industry
(e.g. bricks) and include long life cycle, wear resistance, chemical inertness and low toxicity, fire and heat
resistance.
Among these sub sectors it was selected two companies, one of the sub sector of the wall/floor tiles
(Maronagrs) and another of the sanitary ware (Sanindusa 2).
In what concerns the wall/floor tiles company, it is already certified for ISO9001:2000, concluding the
development of its integrated system of Quality and Environment, foreseeing its register in the EMAS in the
first trimester of 2005. In what concerns the sanitary ware company, it is implementing an integrated system
of Quality, Environment and Health and Safety, foreseeing its register in the EMAS in the first semester of
2005.




Figure 1 - Location on the study-case ceramic companies

1.4.1 Maronagrs (Margrs)
The company is devoted to the production and commercialisation of products of ceramic floor, what
corresponds to a C.A.E. 26302 - Production of tiles, mosaics and ceramic plates.
Maronagrs was founded in 1981, being one of the first six industrial units to produce porcelain stoneware in
the word.
In 2000 Maronagrs invest in the production of multiple types of products formats (from 20cmX20cm to
60cmX120cm), special pieces and formats, being one of the best in the sector.
In October 2002 PANARIA group acquired Maronagrs, being one of the biggest ceramic tiles producer. The
PANARIA group has more three ceramic industries located in Italy - EMLIA ROMAGNA (Finale Emilia,
Toano e Fiorano Modenese). The PANARIA Group has more than 1000 employees.
Margres is the mark of the product.
Site: www.maronagres.pt



Localization
It is located in Chousa Nova lhavo, district of Aveiro in a land with a total area of 60 031 m
2
, of which
about 24 819 m
2
are covered.
Maronagrs is working in an area where there are several industrial units and houses in its immediate
proximity (West and South). To North and West it faces agricultural lands and some houses. To South and
Southwest it faces the municipal route. To East it faces a hydraulic ditch and agricultural lands.

Functioning
In general terms, the sections of preparation of raw materials, pressing and kilns are run on shift work
uninterruptedly in three rotative shifts during the whole day. The workers can choose one of the three shifts,
although only during 2 of the shifts (the day and night shifts) all the equipments and personal affect are
working. The polishing section is run on 3 rotative shifts from Monday to Friday.
Usually, it stops working in August or September.

Number of workers
The company has 180 workers distributed throughout the different sectors.

Energy
The sources of energy in the company are electricity, natural gas and diesel oil.

Productive process

The company produces two types of products: porcelain stoneware and polished porcelain stoneware, which
are used as pavement and covering. The company is divided into different sections:
Body preparation and atomization;
Pressing and Drying;
Decoration;
Firing;
Sorting and packaging;
Polishing.

1.4.2 Sanindusa 2

SANINDUSA was founded in August 1991. The construction of the industrial facilities began in February
1992 and in May 1993 operations started with vitreous china production. Within a year, the company doubled
both production capacity and workers number.
Shortly after, Sanindusa conquers market trust and consolidates its quality image. The next step in the
companys strategy evolved naturally into an integrated product supply approach: the global bathroom
concept.
In 1997, Sanindusa buys Grau taps and accessories factory. Production begins two years later, completing
our range of products, developing bathroom and kitchen single-lever taps and mixers along with other
complementary products.
In 1998 another industrial unit is launched producing plain and whirlpool bathtubs, shower trays and acrylic
shower columns.
In 2001 a new project stage begins, as products are oriented towards a more specific market segment:
architects and interior designers. A fine fireclay production unit is created. This material allows a huge
diversity in product range developing new technical and esthetic solutions.
Again in 2001, the company begins its internationalization process opening its first subsidiary company:
Sanindusa Spain. This way the company enters the Spanish state of affairs and social reality.
Over the years, Sanindusa conquered an excellent brand image and the trust of its Clients thanks to its
enterprising determination and commitment. Success as become both an inspiration and a challenge to move
forward, betting in new techniques and developing information and innovation methods to improve our
recognized service excellency.
Sanindusa 2 was created in August 2000. Operation began two years latter, enduring vitreous china pieces
production. This is an ambitious project and an example of technologic innovation in the sector. Sanindusa
optimizes the quality of final products recurring to state-of-the-art production processes, integrating global
management and the rationalization of productive resources. Sanindusa S.A., can be proud of conquering on a
short period of time such a detached position on a sector dominated by strong groups of companies. The



companys path discloses an even greater value since it is the largest company in this field operating in the
Iberian Peninsula with entirely national equity capital (source: www.sanindusa.pt).

SANINDUSA 2 is an industrial company dedicated to the production and commercialization of sanitary ware,
which is classified with the code CAE-Rev. 2.1, 26220:
Group - 262 "Production of ceramic products no refractory (except those destined for construction)
and refractory";
Subclass - 26220 "Production of ceramic goods for sanitary uses."
The company was founded in August 2000 and its labour began in 2002.

Localization
The industrial facilities of the company are located in the villageTocha, municipality of Cantanhede, district
of Coimbra and are placed in an area classified in the Municipal Director Plan of Cantanhede as "Industrial
Zone." They have the following immediate surroundings:
o North: another industrial unit, LACTOGAL;
o South: ETAR (LACTOGAL station of treatment of waste water);
o East: the access highway to the industrial zone followed by forest area;
o West: forest area.
The industrial facility is implanted in a land with a total area of 52 652 m
2
.

Number of workers
The company has a total of 87 workers, of which 76 belong to the production section, 10 to the maintenance,
1 to the administrative area. There are also 5 workers that belong to the management section.

Energy
The sources of energy consumed by the company are electricity, GPL and diesel oil. The company began the
consumption of natural gas in April 2004 acquiring it to an autonomous unit of natural gas (LNG storage
tank).

Productive process
The manufacturing process includes:
Body Preparation
Preparation of glazing
Forming;
Drying
Glazing;
Firing;
Sorting and packaging;
Storage of final product

1.5. BENEFITS OF EMAS

An effective EMS can help an organization avoid, reduce or control the adverse environmental impacts of its
activities, products and services and assist in continually improving environmental performance.
The EU eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS) is stricter than ISO 14001 and a better communication
tool with the public and other interested parties.
For each one of the companies some sensitization actions for the EMAS had been done.
Having the EMAS allows the organization:
to establish a environmental policy adequate to its proper reality;
to identify the significant environmental aspects, the relevant legal requirements and the priorities, in
order to define adequate environmental objectives and targets;
to establish a management system for the environment area, integrating it in the activity of global
management;
to establish a structure and a program to implement the policy and to reach the objectives and targets;
to facilitate the planning, the control, the preventive and corrective actions and the auditing and review
activities, in order to assure that the policy is fulfilled and that the EMS remains adequate;



to define responsibilities, practices, processes and procedures for the establishment, accomplishment,
revision and maintenance of the environmental policy;
to evaluate its environmental performance and to assure that this is not only in compliance with its
environmental policy, as thus it will go to continue;
to demonstrate the conformity of its environmental performance with the requirements of the standard to
all interested parties;
to have capacity of adapting to changing circumstances;
awareness and motivation of all the staff of the organisation for environmental matters;
to maintain a better relation with the interested parties (public community, government, etc)
economic benefits from the implementation of EMAS;
reducing incidents that result in liability;
demonstrating reasonable care.

1.6. DRIVING FORCES

The main reason for the ceramic companies to implement the environmental management system according
to EMAS were:
To have a better eenvironmental profile;
Improve environmental performance;
Explore the market with green customers;
Improvement in the market-competition;
Financial benefit from national project (POE Plano Operational de Economia) to which both industries
subscribe;
To assist with legislative compliance;
To improve environmental management;
To help identifying cost savings in resources (energy, water and raw materials) and waste management;

In the case of Maronagrs there was also a pressure from the international group that belongs Panaria, as
there is one company in Italia that is already register in EMAS.



2 EMAS IMPLEMENTATION

In this part of the manual information and examples on the various steps of EMAS implementation is
presented. The following information is supplied:

Presentation of the EMAS II structure implemented;
Main conclusions of the Environmental Review Diagnostic;
Environmental Policy;
Examples of Environmental Procedures, work instructions and other documentation;

Key tasks for managers developing, implementing or improving an EMS include the following (based on ISO
14004):
identify the environmental aspects, environmental legal requirements and other environmental
requirements associated with the organization's activities, products and services;
establish and maintain communication relations with interested parties;
achieving environmental objectives and targets and evaluate environmental performance;
provide appropriate resources, including financial, human, technical and training, to comply with
environmental legal requirements and other environmental requirements to which the organization subscribes;
ensure commitment with the environmental policy, legal requirements and environment protection of
management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization;
establish a management process to audit and review the EMS and to identify opportunities for
improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance.

2.1. CHARACTERISATION OF THE ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED

The activities developed in the ceramic organizations can be summarized in following main groups:
Industrial process (manufacture process) ;
Maintenance;
Laboratory;
Offices;
General activities.

Next a brief description of each process and developed activities and main inputs and outputs is presented.

2.1.1 Maronagrs

The ceramic tile manufacturing process consists of a series of successive stages, which can be summarised as
follows:
- Raw materials preparation (body preparation);
- Pressing and drying of the green body
- Glazing;
- Firing;
- Additional treatments
- Sorting and packing



Body preparation

Figure 2 - Spray drier

The used raw materials, clays (argyles) and feldspar, are
stored in separate granary, being transported by a shovel
loader to independent tolvas with load cells where the
automatic dosage is made by weight. So the proportioning of
raw materials is performed gravimetrically. The raw materials
are, then transported, through rugs transporters, to the
discontinuous mills of balls (type Alsing) and continuous
mill, where it is added the water and the deflocculated. Then,
it takes place the grinding. After this operation, the resultant
suspension (slip) is screened and stored in stirred storage
tanks (with slow agitation).
Simultaneously, in on-high inox tanks it is prepared a colour
concentrate with the subsidiary raw materials (glaze frits,
fused, colouring natural oxides, inorganic colourings).
The slip ,then, is mixed with the colour concentrate prepared
previously and simultaneously pumped for the feeding tank of
the spray driers (atomizer). Drying is performed at
temperatures between 450 and 600 C, resulting the ceramic
powder with the appropriate characteristics to the following
operation, the forming stage. The spray drier uses natural gas.

Pressing and Drying

The pressing processes of the power with hydraulic presses
forms the tile. The company possesses various lines for the
forming and drying (Line Nassetti and line Sacmi).
The pressing takes place in hydraulic presses of great
potency. After pressing, operation in which the piece
acquires his form, the material is transported to the vertical
dryer (there are 4 dryers, one for press) to reduce the
moisture content. In the vertical dryers, the pieces are fed
into baskets consisting of several decks of rollers. The time
of drying is about 2 hours; the temperature of the drying air
is about 160 to 180 C, warm by 1 or 2 burners fed by
natural gas.

Figure 3 - Hydraulic press

Decoration
The company possesses several (4) decoration lines, associated to the driers lines, in which takes place the
decoration applications, being also used as line of transport of the pressed material and dry for the load
machine (LVG). The decoration takes place with the application of fine glazing layers for aerographer or
using the serigraphy method or other methodology. The application of decorations is sporadic.
Glazing is done to provide the fired product with some technical and esthetical properties such as
impermeability, cleanability, gloss, colour, surface texture.
Then the pieces remain in the storage park until they are unloaded into the roller kiln (LVG), to suffer firing.



Firing

The firing takes place in one of the 2 roller kilns. The kilns
are about 104 meters in length, that reaches a maximum
temperature about 1200 C and the complete cycle of firing
of 52 minutes. The employed fuel is the natural gas. The
fired material is, after leaving the oven, carried for palettes
in iron, in which waits for the following operation.
Each kiln possesses two chimneys, one of exhaustion and
another of cooling. Firing provide the tile characteristics as
mechanical strength, dimensional stability, fire resistance,
chemical resistance, cleanability, etc.

Figure 4 - Kiln

Sorting and packaging
The sorting of the final product depends on two types of defects: the visual defects, detected by the operators
and the dimensional defects, calibers and flatness, detected by automatic equipments installed in the sorting
lines and packaging. In the company sorting and packaging machines are installed, being the material
automatically, separated in accordance with the sorting class it belongs to. The result is a controlled product
with regard to dimensional regularity, surface appearance and mechanical and chemical characteristics.
Then, we have the packaging operation in card boxes and the subsequent placement of the boxes in wood
palettes. This sequence is totally automatic. The palettes are then transported in a stacker, belted with ribbon
plastic, and plastic-coated with term-retractile plastic. After this operation the pieces palettes are sent to the
storage of the finished product.

Polishing
A part of the fired product (porcelain tiles) is sent for the polishing section. The operation takes place in
automatic machines where the fired tile surface is polished to produce a shiny unglazed homogeneous tile
(suffering wear and tear for friction of abrasives, whose grain is successively finer/thinner). At the end of the
line the polished material is clean with water and dries with hot air, it is chosen and wrapped in card boxes.

Flowchart of the industrial process
Next, it will follow the outline of the manufactured process, where it is indicated simultaneously the focuses
of effluents emission.



Drying
Firing
Storage
Sorting and
Packaking
Inputs
Outputs
Electricity Energy
Water
Liquid Effluent
Fugitive Emissions
Gaseous Emissions
Solid Waste
Packing Materials Moulds Colouring Deflocculant Raw Materials Glazes and Paints
Body Preparation
and atomization
Granulation
Pressing
Control of the
quality
Decoration
Thermal Energy

Figure 5 - Maronagrs process fluxogram



The auxiliary facilities include:
Maintenance
Two industrial wastewater treatment plants - one for the wastewater from the polishing phase, and other
for all the other wastewater produced in the factory; The quality control of the untreated and treated water is
carried out periodically (according to the permit) on the general wastewater treatment facility.
Transformer stations for power network;
Generator in case of electric energy failure;
Exterior products storage area;
Waste storage area;
Laboratory it carries out a set of performance tests to the raw materials and to the final product.

The administration buildings (offices) provide the necessary logistical support for the production.

2.1.2 Sanindusa 2

The sanitaware manufacturing process consists of a series of successive stages, which can be summarised as
follows:
- Body preparation;
- Preparation of glazing;
- Forming;
- Drying;
- Glazing;
- Firing;
- Additional treatments;
- Sorting and packing.

Productive process:

Body Preparation
The main raw materials used in the production of sanitary ware dish are clays, kaolin (china clay), quartz,
feldspar and calcium carbonate and other additive (talc, among others).
In the case of Sanindusa 2, there is not a preparation of raw materials, since the slip casting (paste or clay
suspension) used in the company is bought to external suppliers (SANINDUSA Aveiro), and it is transported
in tankers and directly unloaded into underground storage stirred tanks (agitated).
The resulting wastes process (breaks of green product and drying) are diluted with water in an agitated tank,
screening and then storaged. This mixture is ready to be used in the forming phase, by high pressure stuffing.

Preparation of glazing
The glazings are processed internally; the several raw materials used in this processing are acquired in
powder or suspension state. Its preparation involves gravimetrically operations (weighting) of raw materials
(with aspiration system), wet grinding (mills of balls), screening, agitation and deferrization.

Forming
The slip casting goes from the storage tanks to the intermediate tanks by mechanical means and it is heated
up to 45C.
The manufacture of the pieces happens by an automated process, of high pressure, with the following
operations: stuffing of the mould, thickness, moulding, drying and removal of the mould.
After the opening of the moulds the pieces are removed automatically and put in transporters where they will
remain until they will be sent for the drying. This period allows a first drying of the pieces, providing them
the necessary mechanical resistance to its handling in the last stage.



Drying

Figure 6 - Buffer

The drying operation takes place in a first
phase in the ambient air (buffer n. 1) and
in a second phase in 2 intermittent fast
dryers, using auxiliary burners initially
GPL and after April 2004 the natural gas
as fuel. A part of the production is not dry
in the buffer, passing directly to the drying
in the fast dryers.
After a 10 to 12 hours cycle, the pieces
are removed of the dryer to a warehouse,
by LGV, for following to be applied the
glass.

Figure 7 - Drier

Glazing
Before they go to the glazing section the pieces go through a
visual inspection and a last phase (in 5 inspection cabins).
The dry products with no quality (waste) return to the section
of preparation of pastes for being recycled again by the
mentioned process.
The glazing of the pieces takes place in 2 glazing cabins
through last generation technologies, having recourse to the
robotics and to a cabin of manual glazing. These cabins are
provided with effluent treatment (water curtain).

Figure 8 - Inspection cabin

After the glazing the pieces are automatically cleaned in the zone of the "freight". Continuously these pieces
will go for transport screen to be put into the tunnel kiln.

Firing

A tunnel kiln and an intermittent kiln are installed with
a maximum temperature of firing of approximately
1200C; they are fed since April 2004 on natural gas.
The glazed products are loaded into the tunnel kiln,
with about 75 meters. The pieces are introduced with
pulses that can oscillate between 12 and 18 minutes in
the tunnel kiln, in an approximate firing cycle of 28
hours. The control of the firing is totally automatic,
including temperature, pressure, state of the different
fans, and storage of the pieces data in manufacture.

Figure 9 - Tunnel kiln



Sorting and packaging
In this sorting phase are made the choice operations (visual inspection), final finish and assembly of
mechanisms and components.
In the packaging of the pieces it is used card boxes, white plastic ribbon, and the finally the material is
involved in plastic.

Storage of final product
The final product are stored in height (shelves) and managed automatically in interior parks.

Flowchart of the industrial process

Figure 10 - Sanindusa 2 process fluxogram




2.2. EMS SCOPE

The EMS scope is an important early step.
Top management defined the scope and all activities, products and services of the organization within the
defined scope were included in the EMS.
The scope is defined in the organization manual, and it includes all the organizations activities, products and
services. It includes the environmental aspects that it can control and those over which it can be expected to
have an influence.

The manual is integrated with quality (case of Maronagrs) and with quality and occupational health and
safety) in the case of Sanindusa 2.

2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DIAGNOSTIC

The aim of this environmental review diagnostic is to check the environmental aspects of the organizations
activities, products and services as a basis for establishing its EMS.

The ceramic organizations conduct a review, as they have no previous EMS, although they have
environmental practices.
To perform the environmental review diagnostic, the industries followed this strategy:
Data on the organization (location, production information, raw materials and energy input);
Environmental information:
Local conditions: geological, soil, atmospheric conditions (where available). Special focus was
given in Sanindusa, despite the fact that the location is an industrial zone, the surrounding area is
forest zone;
Consumption data: raw material, water, energy;
Emission data: emissions to air, emission to water, emission to land wastes, noise;
Analyzing products, processes, to the identification of environmental aspects, including those
associated with normal operating conditions, abnormal conditions (includes shut-down, start-up and
maintenance), and emergency situations and accidents;
List of environmental legislation and other environmental requirement applicable to the ceramic industry
including analysing sanctions, licenses and discharge permits; It was analysed on a first approach the key
legislation points and it was compared with the industry behaviour (eg. the ceramic industries performance on
emission to air (dries chimneys, kiln chimney, others chimneys) was compared with the applicable national
regulation for gaseous emissions (Portaria 286/93), It was also analysed the eventual failures of compliance
(e.g. fluorine emissions).
Compilation of existing environmental management practices and procedures including those with sub-
contracting activities.
- Analysis of accidents and emergency situations that may affect the environmental that have occurred (in the
past);
- Evaluating the opinions of interested parties (eg. clients, subcontractors and local residents)
Analysis of complaints from interested parties (local residents, official entities, etc )

The environmental review was conducted by:
Maronagrs: compilation of several documents including: results of external diagnostic (performed by
external entity), using checklists, process flowcharts including inputs and outputs, interviews, direct
inspection and the results of past and current measurement (gaseous emissions, water, wastewater, energy,
noise, waste), results of previous diagnostic.
Sanindusa 2: summarized environmental diagnostic performed by external entity (CTCV) that include mass
balance, characterization of the local implementation, process flowcharts, results of current measurement
(gaseous emissions, water, wastewater, waste, noise, energy), list of applicable legislation, list and analysis of
previous accidents.
The methodology used by external entity included visits, direct inspection, interviews to several collaborators
and questionnaires to the main industrial responsibles, analysis of results of measurements (gaseous
emissions, water, wastewater, waste, noise, waste), analysis of failures of compliance and sanctions. Analysis
of licenses and discharge permits (water and wastewater).



Main results from the Environmental Review Diagnostic include the following important environmental
aspects:
Energy consumption;
Water consumption;
Raw material consumption;
Wastewater treatment (in the case of Maronagrs there are two wastewater treatment facilities, one
where the final effluent is complete recycled, and the other that treats the wastewater from process
and needs improvement);
Noise (in the case of Maronagrs is important while in Sanindusa 2 is not so important);
Waste;
Gaseous emissions (importance of fluorine emissions typical from ceramic industry)

2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The EMAS requirement states:
Top management shall define the organisations environmental policy and ensure that it
(a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and services;
(b) includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution;
(c) includes a commitment to comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations, and
with other requirements to which the organisation subscribes;
(d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets;
(e) is documented, implemented and maintained and communicated to all employees;
(f) is available to the public.

The environmental policy establishes the principles of action related to the environmental performance of the
organization. The policy should be adequate to the environmental impacts of the organizations activities,
products and services (within the defined scope of the EMS) and should guide the setting of environmental
objectives and targets (ISO14004).

How to do it? How it was implemented?

The top managers of the two ceramic industries defined the environmental policy, after the results of the
environmental diagnostic and it was based on the organization mission, vision, core values and beliefs. In the
case of Maronagrs it was integrated with the quality policy previous defined (Maronagrs have an quality
system certified according to ISO9000:2000). In the case of Sanindusa2 the policy was integrated with other
organizational policies namely quality, occupational health and safety.

The environmental policy is published in the manual and it was communicated to all employees through
placards.




POLTICA DA QUALIDADE E AMBIENTE

A Maronagrs, Comrcio e Indstria Cermica, S.A. tem por objectivo o crescimento dos seus negcios,
atravs da satisfao das necessidades e expectativas dos seus clientes internos e externos assegurando
um crescimento sustentado e a remunerao justa do capital investido.

A responsabilidade pela qualidade e ambiente, pelo cumprimento da legislao ambiental e demais
regulamentos e requisitos aplicveis partilhada por todos os seus colaboradores, de acordo com o
princpio:

Fazer bem primeira, na altura certa, sempre!

Este princpio posto em prtica por todos, atravs do cumprimento dos procedimentos que dizem
respeito a cada um.

A Maronagrs, Comrcio e Indstria Cermica, S.A.:

Adopta um sistema de melhoria contnua dos produtos, dos processos e servios, em que todos os
seus colaboradores se empenham directamente atravs da sugesto, anlise e implementao de
melhorias, com o objectivo de reduzir os seus custos de produo e da no qualidade, minimizando o seu
impacte ambiental.

Compromete-se a uma melhoria contnua do seu desempenho ambiental recorrendo, sempre que
possvel e economicamente vivel, adopo das melhores tcnicas disponveis (MTDs), adequadas
escala e dimenso dos seus impactes.

A preveno da poluio, a racionalizao de recursos naturais, a minimizao (e
valorizao) de resduos, o controlo das emisses gasosas e do rudo gerado
para o exterior, bem como a qualificao e motivao dos colaboradores
constituem eixos prioritrios de actuao da empresa.
Compromete-se a implementar, documentar, comunicar, rever e divulgar a sua poltica, objectivos e
demais informaes pertinentes a todos os colaboradores e outras partes interessadas, procurando
envolver no seu Sistema de Gesto parceiros, fornecedores, clientes e comunidade envolvente.

These policy states commitments to comply with several environmental areas:
o Continual improvement of product, process and services with a minimal adverse environmental
impact;
o environmental legal requirements and other environmental requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
o prevent pollution; efficient use of resources, avoid and minimized (and valorization) the waste,
gaseous emissions and noise control;
o continual improvement through the implementation of the best available technologies (BAT)
adequate to its environmental impacts;
o employees qualification and motivation to act competently and responsibly;
o documented, implemented, maintained and communicated , reviewed the policy, objectives and
other information regarding the Management System (quality and environment) to all employees
and other interested parties;
o involve interested parties like suppliers, clients and local community in the Management System
(quality and environment)




Poltica da Sanindusa
Qualidade, Ambiente e Sade e Segurana do Trabalho

A Poltica da Sanindusa Industria de Sanitrios, S.A. traduz com rigor aquilo que sentido pela
Administrao e define as directrizes a seguir por todas as pessoas que colaboram na ou com a empresa.
So Nossos Compromissos:
Satisfao das necessidades dos clientes
Inovando e melhorando a Qualidade dos nossos produtos e servios e apostando no design e
diferenciao a preos competitivos, aumentamos a confiana na empresa, contribuindo para a sua
fidelizao.
Respeito pelas pessoas
Desenvolver racionalmente as melhores condies de higiene, sade e segurana do trabalho para os
seus colaboradores.
Apostar na formao e responsabilizao como veculo para a integrao e satisfao dos colaboradores.
Respeito pelo Ambiente
Minimizar de forma sustentvel o impacte ambiental da organizao, nomeadamente atravs da reduo
dos seus resduos slidos, lquidos e gasosos. Em paralelo, promovem-se aces preventivas da poluio e
sensibilizao dos colaboradores para as melhores praticas ambientais.
Utilizao das melhores Tecnologias
Utilizar as melhores tecnologias partilhando sinergias entre unidades fabris como forma de reforo da
produtividade, reduo de custos, aumento da rentabilizao e reduo dos impactes ambientais.
Melhoria continua de tudo o que fazemos
Para acrescentarmos valor a todas as partes interessadas: clientes, fornecedores, colaboradores,
accionistas e a comunidade envolvente.
Cumprir os requisitos das normas
Qualidade NP EN ISO 9001:2000
Sade Segurana e Higiene no Trabalho NP 4397:2001
Ambiente NP EN ISO 14001:1999 e Regulamento EMAS
bem como as exigncias legais e regulamentares aplicveis
A Poltica da Qualidade, Ambiente, Sade e Segurana do Trabalho da Sanindusa revista sempre que
desajustada, divulgada em toda a Empresa e est disponvel a todas as partes interessadas.
Sanindusa, 30 de Setembro de 2004

Pela Administrao
Vtor Sampaio

A Poltica da Qualidade, Ambiente, Sade e Segurana divulgada em toda a Empresa e est disponvel a
todas as partes interessadas.

This policy states commitments to comply with several quality, environmental and heath and safety areas.
Special focus on continual improvement of product, process and services with a minimal adverse
environmental.

The environmental policy is published in the manual and it was communicated to all employees through
placard, and was distributed with wage and a calendar (2005). It is available to all interested parties.



2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

The EMAS requirement:
The organisation shall establish and maintain (a) procedure(s) to identify the environmental aspects of its
activities, products or services that it can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence, in
order to determine those which have or can have significant impacts on the environment. The organisation
shall ensure that the aspects related to these significant impacts are considered in setting its environmental
objectives.
The organisation shall keep this information up-to-date.


The EMS begins with understanding how the ceramic organization can interact with the environment, and
identifying the environmental aspects that it can control and those which it can influence to determine the
ones that are most significative ones.

The environmental aspects are the elements of an organizations activities, products and services that can
interact with environment (see definition ISO 14004).
Direct environmental aspects aspects referring to the organization activity of which can be
controlled
Indirect environmental aspects aspects referring to activity of the organization, which can not be
fully controlled by the organization
The environmental impacts are the effect of the environmental aspects, that is, they are the changes in the
environment, either adverse or beneficial, that result wholly or partially from environmental aspects (see
definition ISO 14004).

The activities, products and services of both ceramic industries have effects on the environment by
consuming materials, energy and water and by discharging wastewater, waste, gaseous emissions and noise.

Environmental as pe cts
Wastewater
Energy
Water Production Gaseous emission (drying, firing)
Raw materials for ceramic body of Emission to air: dust
Packaging materials Ceramic Noise
Auxiliary materials Materials Solid Wastes
Frit, Pigment and materials for glazes Waste Heat
Wastes
Traffic and Trans port
Ceramic Products

Figure 11 - Environmental aspects in ceramic industry



Summary of enviromental as pects under normal conditions
Env. As pects
Production phas e raw material water energy gas eous emis s ions watewater was te nois e heat
Body
Preparation
Forming
(Pres s ing)
Forming
(moulding)
Drying
Glaze
Preparation
Glazing
Firing
Finis hing
Sorting
Packaging
INPUT
OUTPUT

There is no single method for determining significant environmental aspects. However, the method used
should provide consistent results.

2.5.1 Identification of the environment aspects in Maronagrs

The methodology regarding the environmental aspects include four principal tasks:
1. Definition of the methodology for the identification of environmental aspects
2. Preliminary identification:
Structure
Information treatment
Delivering the preliminary identification to each responsible for an activity, product or
service;
3. Discussion of the environmental aspects identification within each activity/process
4. final treatment of the information
The chronogram was:
Tasks
M
a
r

2
0
0
2

A
p
r

2
0
0
2

M
a
y

2
0
0
2

J
u
n

2
0
0
2

J
u
l

2
0
0
2

S
e
p

2
0
0
2

O
c
t

2
0
0
2

N
o
v

2
0
0
2

D
e
c

2
0
0
2

J
a
n

2
0
0
3

F
e
v

2
0
0
3

M
a
r

2
0
0
3

A
p
r

2
0
0
3

1. DEFINITION OF THE METHODOLOGY TO IDENTIFY AND
CLASSYING ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS

2 - PRELIMINAR IDENTIFICATION
FASE I - STRUCTURE

FASE II TREATMENT OF THE INFORMATION

FASE III DELIVERING THE PRELIMINAR
IDENTIFICATION TO EACH RESPONSIBLE FOR AN
ACTIVITY, PRODUCT OR SERVICE

3 DISCUSSION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
IDENTIFICATION WITHIN EACH ACTIVITY/PROCESS

4 FINAL TREATMENT OF THE INFORMATION



The identification of the environmental aspects begun with an illustration of environmental aspects to the
employees (see Annex 1).
Then the person responsible by each session has done a qualitative approach of the principal aspects on its
activities.
To identify and have an understanding of its environmental aspects, the organization collect quantitative
and/or qualitative data on the characteristics of its activities, products and services such as inputs and outputs
of materials and energy, processes and technology used and facilities. The transports were subcontracted.

The Maronagrs procedure M PS-R06IT 00.01/03 - Identificao e Classificao dos Aspectos Ambientais,
describes the methodology to identify and classified the significant environment aspects from the activities,
product and services and their potential environmental impact (See Annex 1).
Direct and indirect environment aspects have been considered.
All the aspects were classified under normal, abnormal (shut-down, start-up and maintenance) and emergency
conditions.
The activities include the process and the auxiliary (like maintenance, offices, ETAR, etc).
Specially attention was given to past, on-going and planned activities.

The first step involve the definition of a functional team and the definition of the applicable criteria for
evaluate the aspect and impact.
The approach to identify environmental aspects was the process flow method, in which each activity was
individually examined to identify associated aspects.
This step involve the elaboration of the diagram process flow, identification of all activities related,
identification of environmental aspects and impacts, evaluation the aspect and impact, and define the way to
control the environmental aspects. In figure 12 it is present the fluxogram describing the procedure used:

Documentary Anal ysis
I denti fi cati on of
Environmental Aspects
Criteria are
Remained Valid
Cl assifi cati on of
Environmental Aspects
Si gnifi cant Anal ysis
Approval
Redefi nition of
Criteri a
Purchases
Customers
yes
no
Cl assi fication
are Remained
Val id
yes
no

Figure 12 - Maronagrs approach to identify and classify the environmental aspects



The documentary analysis include the reports on the emissions, waste maps, monitoring of environmental
aspects.
Auxiliary operations and facilities like maintenance, wastewater treatment (ETAR), offices, waste park,
compressors, transport, food, construction, products were grouped for identification and evaluation of
environmental aspects, these approach was useful to help the ceramic industry to identified common or
similar environmental aspects.

The environmental direct aspects were:
(a) consumption of water;
(b) emissions to air (from chimneys);
(c) emissions to air (from fugitive emissions);
(d) releases to water (industrial liquid effluent);
(e) releases to water (domestic effluent);
(f) noise production;
(g) waste production;

The environmental indirect aspects were:
(a) consumption of energy (electricity);
(b) consumption of natural gas;
(c) consumption of ceramic raw materials and auxiliary;
(d) consumption of other materials or resources;

Once the environments aspects and impacts were identified they were evaluated to establish the magnitude of
the impact, and to determine their significance.
The criteria selected to classified the significance of the environmental aspects of its activities, products and
services, were according to requirement in Annex VI(6) of EMAS II and include:
Size (scale) and severity of the environmental aspects that result on the gravity;
frequency of the environmental aspects
Fragility of environment
Control
Importance of stakeholders
Legal issues: Enviromental legislation or other requirements to which the organization subscribes
The scale selected included 5 levels:
Level General description
1 Worst
2 Bad
3 Moderate
4 Good
5 Excellent




The criteria selected for the environmental evaluation/classification were justified in a proper paper.

Criteria: SCALE SEVERITY GRAVITY CONTROL
PROBABILITY
/FREQUENCY
FRAGILITY OF
ENVIRONMENT
Stakeholder*
1 Intolerable Catastrophic Very critic Uncontrollable Very likely
Extreme risk to
ecosystem
Several
complaints
with NC
2 High Severe Critic
Exist but with
deficiencies
Likely
High risk to
ecosystem
Several
complaints
with no NC
3 Normal Moderate Moderate
Exist but with
some
deficiencies
Occasional Moderate risk
One
complaints
with NC
4 Low Mild Marginal Exist Remote
Low risk to
ecosystem
One
complaints
with no NC
5
Very low not
reportable
Harmless None
Exist and are
excellent
Unlikely
No risk to
ecosystem
No complaints
* interested parties

For each environmental aspect the 5 levels of the criteria were adapted (see Annex 1).
The criteria for indirect environmental aspects include:
products and services, were according to requirement in Annex VI(6) of EMAS II and include:
Fragility of environment;
Probability of the environmental aspects;
Gravity - Size (scale) and severity of the environmental aspects that result on the gravity;
Control
Importance of stakeholders
Legal issues: Environmental legislation or other requirements to which the organization subscribes

Probability:

1. Continues - probability of occurrence more than once a day.
2. Probable - probability of occurrence more than once a week
3. Unlikely - probability of occurrence more than once a month;
4. Not often - probability of occurrence more than once a trimester or semester;
5. None

For the criteria: fragility, severity and control it was developed an index (IDA ndice de desempenho
ambiental) to the suppliers, has the fragility, severity and control were directly in the suppliers. This IDA was
calculated based on a questionnaire and reflect the environmental impact of the aspect in the supplier.

Classification of environment aspects

The significant environment degree (S) is made by:

S = F (fragility) * P (probability) * G (G=gravity = severity*scale) * C (control) * I
(Importance of stakeholders)

If S < 405, the impact is classified as significant or if there are legal issues applicable.

This evaluation is very important in order to identify the significant environment aspects and the objective
and targets to be established.
The report on the environmental aspects is stated on the document M PS-R06 FR 00.01, that is periodically
up-dated, according to the procedure.

In the following figures it is presents the results of the environmental identification.



% of Significant Aspects
MARK
5%
OF
3%
SUB
5%
MAN
4%
LAB
2%
POL e PEC
11%
AUX
2%
PW
3%
ETAR
6%
TRAN
2%
SOT
4%
SP and CQ
5%
FI R
7%
DEC
4%
PRE and DRY
13%
BO and AT
12%
DC
4%
FA
9%

Figure 13 - Maronagrs significant environmental aspects

Index of Environmental Performance of the Section
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BO and
AT
PRE and
DRY
DEC FIR SP and
CQ
SOT POL e
PEC
LAB MAN SUB AUX ETAR PW TRAN FA OF DC MARK
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e

POL e PEC - Polishing and finishing operations
BO e AT - Body preparation and atomization
PRE e DR - Pressing and drying
DEC - Decoration
FIR - Firing
SP e CQ - Sorting and packaging and control of the quality
SOT - Storage
LAB - Laboratory
MAN - Maintenance
SUB - Subcontracting
AUX - Auxiliary services
ETAR - Etari's
PW -Park of wastes
MARK - Marketing
TRAN - Transports
FA - Factory
OFF - Offices
DC - Comercial department



It was defined the following way of action in case of significant environmental aspects:
Objectives and targets;
Operational control;
Corrective actions;
Improvement actions;
Sensibilization actions (training);

2.5.2 Identification of the environment aspects in Sanindusa 2

The process approach to identify environmental aspects was similar to the one describe to Maronagrs, but in
these case the main register of the aspects was similar to the heath and safety area. The personnel involved
environment and heath and safety area.
It was also adopted the process flow method, in which each activity was individually examined to identify
associated aspects. The first step involve the definition of a functional team, the elaboration of the diagram
process flow, identification of all activities related, identification of environmental aspects and impacts,
applicable criteria for evaluate the aspect and impact, define the way to control the environmental aspects.
Is was performed an initial training on EMAS and possible way to determine environmental aspects.
A grouping or category was based on the operations work-flow.
It was establish a procedure GAP001 - Identificao e Avaliao dos Aspectos Ambientais, that describes the
methodology to identify and classified the significant environment aspects from the activities, product and
services and their potential environmental impact.
Direct and indirect environment aspects have been considered.
All the aspects were classified under normal, abnormal (shut-down, start-up and maintenance) and emergency
conditions.
The activities include the process and the auxiliary (like maintenance, offices, ETAR, ETA, etc).
Specially attention was given to past, on-going and planned activities.

Next figure presents the fluxogram describing the procedure used:



Approval
Identification of aspects
environmental associates to
the activities, products and
services
Identification of environmental
impacts
Creation of criteria for
evaluation of environmental
aspects
Classification of the
environmental aspects
Manners of actuation for the
significant environmental
aspects
Register of the results of the
raising and classification in
identified folder
Divulgation of the significant
No
Yes
Approval
No
Yes

Figure 14 - Sanindusa 2 approach to identify and classify the environmental aspects

Direct environmental aspects include:
emissions to air (from chimneys);s
releases to water (domestic and industrial);
production and treatment of wastes;
use of natural resources and raw materials (including water, natural resources, electric energy and
fuel);
local issues (noise, odour, dust, visual appearance, etc.);
transport issues (both for goods and services and employees);
risks of environmental accidents and impacts arising, or likely to arise, as consequences of
incidents, accidents and potential emergency situations;

Indirect environmental aspects include:
product related issues (design, development, packaging, transportation, use and waste
recovery/disposal);
the environmental performance and practices of contractors, subcontractors and suppliers.




* Indirect impact - The environmental aspect is originated by the supplier and the Sanindusa2 doesn't possess
entirely control of administration.
PI (Potential Impact) - Resultant potentials impacts of the activities of treatment of the emissions of Sanindusa2.

After the environments aspects and impacts were identified they were evaluated to establish the magnitude of
the impact, and to determine their significance.
The criteria selected to classified the significance of the environmental aspects of its activities, products and
services, were according to requirement in Annex VI(6) of EMAS II and include:
Size (scale);
Severity;
Fragility of environment;
Control;
Duration of the environmental aspects;
Legal issues: Enviromental legislation or other requirements to which the organization subscribes;
Interested parties;

The scale selected included 4 levels:
Level General description
1 Excellent
2 Good
3 Bad
4 Worst

Environmental aspects Environmental impact Environmental aspects Environmental impact
Consumption of
natural resources and
other
Reduction of natural
resources
Indirect impact*
Consumption of
water
Reduction of resources
hydric
Saving of resources
hydric
(recirculation)
Incidents, environmental
accidents and potential
emergency situations
Atmospheric pollution
Contamination of Soils
PI - Pollution of the soils, of the
water and of the air

Use of
natural
resources,
raw
materials and
other
Consumption of
energy and fossil
fuels
Indirect impacts*
Emissions to air
(punctual sources)

Mobil sources


Production of wastes
PI- Pollution of the
soils, of the water and
of the air
Valorization interns
Transport
issues (raw
materials and
other)
Fugitive
emissions
Contamination of Soils

Environmental noise
Noise pollution
Domestic
PI - Pollution of
the water and/or
soil

Subjects of
local impact
Diffuse emissions
Discharge of liquid effluent
Industrial
Contamination
of Soils




1 2 3 4
Size (scale) Low Moderate High Very High
Severity Harmless Marginal Severe Catastrophic
Fragility of
environment
No risk to
ecosystem or
confined zone
Low risk to
ecosystem Moderate risk
Extreme risk to
ecosystem
Control Exist and are
efficient
Exist but they con
be improved
Exist but with
deficiencies
Dont exist
Duration (N) Sporadic Discontinuous Continuous (8 <
hour/d<16

Probability Unlikely Not often Occurs several
times
Occurs always

Legal issues Does not exist (N) Exist (Y)
Interested parties No complaint (N) Complaint (Y)

It was defined the following way of action in case of significant environmental aspects:
Plan and program (GAL) including objectives;
Operational control (GAI);
Corrective and preventive actions (GSR);
Emergency plan.

In the following figures it is presents the results of the environmental identification.




Productive
Process

Phase of the
productive process
Environmental aspects
Description of
Environmental impact Way of acting Legal requirements
Environmental
objectives
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,
13, 14, 15
Maintenance e ETA/
ETAR
Use of natural
resources
Raw materials and
subsidiaries
Reduction of natural
resources
To define requirements for the purchase of
materials
To send questionnaires to know the
environmental acting of the suppliers
-- Control of suppliers
1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6, 10
Maintenance e ETA/
ETAR
Use of water
Water of the process
Technological water
Recovered water
Reduction of hydric
resources
To define good practice for the management of
the resource (GAI operation work instruction)
The collaborators' sensitization to minimize the
consumptions of water (training and posters)
DL n. 46/94 of 22/02

Reduce the quantity
of water used per
unit of production
in [number %]
3, 5, 7, 11, 15
Use of energy and
fossil fuels s
Electric energy
GPL
Diesel oil
To define good practices for the management of
the resource (GAI section)
consumptions of energy (training)
Energy management plan
DL n. 58/1982 of 26/02,
Port n. 359/1982 of 7/04
Use of natural gas
as fuel
Decrease the
specific energy
consumption in
[number %]



3, 7, 11
Emissions to air (from
chimneys)
Emission of the punctual
sources
All to monitor the chimneys sources (twice a
year)
To effect every six months analyzes of the
combustion parameters
To alter the constructive aspect of the chimneys
(to remove hat of the boiler and to increase the
remaining chimneys for 12,5 m)
DL n. 78/04 of 3/04
Port n. 286/93 of 12/03
Reduce emissions
of CO and SOx in
the firing
equipment (driers
and kilns and
boilers) in [number
%]
2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11
ETA/ ETAR
Liquid effluent
Discharge of liquid
effluent
Water Pollution (after
treatment in ETAR)
To define rules for the operation of ETAR and
for emergency situations
DL n. 236/98 of 1/08;
DL n. 46/94 of 22/02

Minimize potential
for spills
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15
Maintenance and ETA/
ETAR
Wastes
Waste production
industrial waste, green
ware, fired ware waste,
paper and card,
refractory, Oils, polluted
material, electric material
Potential impact - pollution
of the soil, air and waters
(due to the treatment of the
waste)
Valorization interns (green
ware waste)
To define good practices for the management of
the wastes (GAI sectio)
production of wastes and to do her separation
(training)
DL n. 239/97 of 9/09; Port n.
792/98 of 2/09; Port n. 209/04 of
3/03; Port n. 335/97 of 16/05
Decrease of the
waste produce per
unit of production
Increase waste
management
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14, 15
Maintenance
Subjects of local
impact
Diffuse emissions
Contamination of the
ambient air (work place)

DL n. 78/04 of 3/04
--
Emissions of movable
sources
Atmospheric pollution DL n. 132/04 of 3/06
Transport of raw
material and other
subsidiary, wastes and
products
Transport subjects
Noise production Noise pollution
To define good practices conduction and
operation of automobiles for the subcontractors
(Poster)
DL n. 292/2000 of 14/11
Control of the
periodic vehicles
inspections




2.5.3 Keep the information current
AIM:
The information about environmental aspects and impacts must be kept up-to-date.

How to do it: How it was implemented?

In both ceramic industries the information is kept current.
In the case of Maronagrs is associated with the planning and the reevaluation of the environmental aspects
will be done previous to any change. Examples of changes include new technology used, changes in some
internal operations of the process, changes in the product; different materials used, amounts of materials used,
changes in the legal requirement applicable, view of interested parties, criteria change, and so on.
In the case of Sanindusa 2 the main procedure (GAP001r00 Identificao e Avaliao dos Aspectos
Ambientais for Sanindusa 2), indicate how the information will be kept up-to-date. It includes a combination
of reevaluate whenever a change occurs (like the ones described above, e.g. changes in process, materials,
technologies, product, legislation and other requirement, view of interested parties) and during a specified
period (annual) even in the absence of any relevant change ensuring that no significant environmental aspect
is forgotten.

2.6. LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

EMAS requirement:
The organisation shall establish and maintain a procedure to identify and have access to legal and other
requirements to which the organisation subscribes, that are applicable to the environmental aspects of its
activities, products or services.

2.6.1 Identification and maintain up-to-date


The organization needs to identify and maintain up-to-date the legal requirements that are applicable to its
environmental aspects.
There are several sources that include industry associations (APICER Associao Portuguesa da Indstria
de Cermica) or trade groups, commercial databases and publications, and professional advisors and services.

Simultaneously the organizations acquired a commercial database that is a software system for external
document management purposes, called myDox- that guarantee the compliance of this point.. This software
consists mainly on a document database, biweekly updated through CTCV (Centro Tecnolgico da Cermica
e do Vidro) - the software supplier.
This database is organized in main areas like environment, energy, quality, industrial licensing, health and
safety, maintenance, normalization, raw materials and also by l national and community legislation items as
decree-laws, directives and standards
The updates are available biweekly and the application has a live update function that automatically
refreshes the database via Internet.
Additionally, users can manually update their own self-requirements and other documentation and also
receive other updates for instance weekly by contacting the supplier
Both ceramic organizations acquired this software.

Maronagrs
In the case of Maronagrs, the organization was accomplished this requirement by integrating the procedure
in the large concept of documentation management (IT PS-R01 IT 03.01 - Gesto dos Documentos, see
Annex 1)).



To have access to environmental legal requirements and other environmental requirements to which the
organization subscribes (such as emission and discharge limits in permits or regulations or voluntary
agreements), the Environmental Responsible, in a bi-weekly base, consult a various range of sources of
information, such as Official Regulatory Department, European Commission, specialist literature and sites
(e.g. web sites: www.dre.pt, www.ipq.pt and www.diramb.gov.pt, www.eudor.com, http://europa.eu.int/eur-
lex/lex/) and the CTCV software (myDoX). During the implementation of the EMAS the legal requirements
were also accomplished by professional advisors.

In the case of Sanindusa 2 a similar approach was taken, and a procedure was established (GAP002) and
maintained to identify and have access to environmental legal requirements, and other environmental
requirements. This procedure was integrated with quality, environment, safety and health.

The procedure establishes the rules for the identification, control, updating and communication to all
collaborators and others acting on its behalf, such as contractors or suppliers, of legal and other requirements
applicable to the environmental aspects of the organization.
The identification of legal and other requirements was also done by the software Mydox, industry
associations (APICER Associao Portuguesa da Indstria de Cermica) and internet sites
(www.diramb.gov.pt, www.ipq.pt, http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/, www.eudor.com).

In both ceramics industries after the identification, the Environmental Responsible in other to determine
whether or not environmental legal requirements and other environmental requirements apply to the
environmental aspects of the organizations activities, products and services did an applicability analysis.
In myDoX software, a reserved area is available for Maronagrs or SANINDUSA to define its own
applicability to its activities, products and services.

2.6.2 Other requirements
New requirements from clients, licenses or volunteer agreements in environment area are communicated by
administration to the environment manager. This other requirements will be also added to myDoX database
using the External Documents menu, option Add Document, filling the asked fields. As already referred,
this documentation may force new proceedings or work instructions. When these requirements are lapsed,
they are reviewed and renewed or deleted on the database.

2.6.3 Legal requirements distribution and other requirements
After verifying the new legal requirements applicability or other documentation, the environment
manager/responsible forwards them for the person in charge of each section or informs myDox users of their
existence. Control of each legal document owner is made directly on the software.
The appropriate information (such as the legal requirements itself, the need to produce new documents or to
implement new procedures, or new objectives) was then communicated to the respective owner of the
process.

In order to keep up-to-date with environmental legislation a register of legislation was set up actualized
(paper or informatics database software myDoX)



2.6.4 Applicable legislation
AIM:
The information about environmental aspects and impacts must be kept up-to-date.
The table presents the main applicable legislation applicable to each ceramic industry:

Legislation Issues Maronagrs Sanindusa2
Gaseous emissions
Decreto Lei n. 78/2004

Prevention and control of the pollutant gaseous
emissions to the atmosphere

Portaria n. 286/93 Limit values for gaseous emissions discharge
Water and wastewater

Decreto Lei n. 46/94 changed by Decl. de
Rectificao 63/94 and Decreto Lei n. 234/98

Water resources use

Decreto Lei n. 236/98

Establishes norms, criteria and objectives to improve
the quality of the water

Specific water discharge licence
Noise
Decreto Lei n. 292/2000, changed by Decreto
Lei n. 259/2002
Regulation general of the environmental noise
(industrial
zone)
Waste
Decreto Lei n. 239/97 Waste management
Portaria n. 209/2004
(European Council decision 2001/118/CE;
decision 2001/119/CE, Council decision
2001/573/CE)
Waste classification (LER code)
Portaria n. 335/97 Waste transport
Decreto Lei n. 366-A/97 and Portaria n. 29-
B/98
Management of packing wastes
Prevention and control of risks of serious environmental accidents
Decreto Lei n. 164/2001 transposes the
Council directive 96/82/CE of 9 December
(Seveso II)
Prevention and control of major-accident hazards
involving dangerous substances. n.a.
Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control
DL 194/2000 transposes the European directive
96/64/CE
Imposes the environmental allowance for the
installations cover by this law.
n.a. n.a.
Environmental assessment
DL 69/2000 that transposes the council directive
97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending Directive
85/337/EEC
Assessment of the effects of certain public and
private projects on the environment
n.a. (capacity
bellow 75 t/d)
Emissions trading
Directive 2003/87/CE transposed to the nation law
DL 233/2004 changed by DL 243-A/2004
Emissions trading for the installations cover by the
scheme
n.a.
Volatile organic compounds
DL 242/2001 (COVs) transposes the
Council Directive 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999
Limitation of emissions of volatile organic
compounds due to the use of organic solvents in
certain activities and installations
n.a. n.a.
Chemical substances
Portaria 732-A/96, changed by Decreto-Lei n.
330-A/98, 209/99, 195-A/2000, 222/2001 and
154-A/2002 and the Decl. De Rectificao 3-E/99
Classification of chemical substances

n.a. not applicable



2.7. OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS

The EMAS requirement:
The organisation shall establish and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at each
relevant function and level within the organisation.
When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organisation shall consider the legal and other
requirements, its significant environmental aspects, its technological options and its financial, operational
and business requirements, and the views of interested parties.
The objectives and targets shall be consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitment to
prevention of pollution.

The objectives should be established to meet the organizations environmental policy. Objectives should be
consistent with the environmental policy.
An objective is an overall intent of the ceramic company regarding an environmental aspects, while a target is
an explicit performance criteria (quantified and with a defined time-framed) that represent the way to achieve
the objective.
In both cases they were set by the top management with the help of other functions like the environmental
responsible, operational manager, maintenance responsible.
Top management approves the environmental objectives, and they are frequently review (it is specified the
period in the environmental program) and adjusted as necessary.
Both organizations consider several inputs to set objectives, including:

environmental policy commitments;
information from the diagnostic review;
significant environmental aspects;
environmental legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes;
views of interested parties;
technological, financial, operational, strategic business importance and organizational options;
environmental reviews;
eventual changes on activities, products or services;

The objectives were:
Operational objectives that represent environmental performance aims;
Management objectives that represent the improvement capabilities and systems to support good
environmental performance (like training of workers, number of areas to collected waste , etc)

The objectives and targets should always be documented and specific and measurable wherever practicable.
For every objective and target set, an environmental management program is determined.

In the case of Maronagrs the objectives and targets are set with the quality objectives and they include:
a) Management objectives:

Objective Target
Improve employee training
Employee training in environmental fields
([number] hours/employee) during the year
2004;
Create audits team from collaborators from
Maronagrs;
Create at least one audit team from collaborators
from Maronagrs until the 4 trimester 2004;
Improve the evaluation of suppliers (quality and
environment);
At least [number] of visits to suppliers during the
year 2004;
Improve the treatment of nonconformities
Informatics treatment of all nonconformities
during the year [number];
Reduce the number of complaints
At least [number] of complaints from interested
parties during the year [number];



b) Operational objectives:

Objective Target
Collect, treat / eliminate all industrial wastes
during the 2004;
Selective collection of all packing waste (plastic,
wood, metal, paper, etc) during 2004
Improve Waste management
waste manager less cost
Collect selective and treat dangerous wastes like
Contaminated plastics, fluorescent lamp, toners,
Collect selective and send for treatment
dangerous wastes like Contaminated plastics,
fluorescent lamp, toners used in the 2004;
Continue to Improve the management of the broken
ware waste
Alternative routes for the valorization of fired
waste practical broken ware) by ([number]%);
Continue to improve the waste valorization Increase the waste valorization by ([number]%);
Control of the periodic vehicles inspections
control of gaseous emissions and noise through
obligatory inspections made during the year
Rehabilitation of the wastewater treatment facility;
Rehabilitation of the wastewater treatment
facility during 2004
Decrease the specific energy consumption
Decrease the energy consumption according to
the energy rationalization plan in 2004/2005;
Decrease the specific CO2 emission
Implement measures according to the energy
rationalization plan in 2004/2005
Recirculation of ([number]%) the treated
wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant;
Recirculation of ([number]%) the treated
wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant;
Minimize potential for spills.
Training in the emergency situations during the
2 semester. Prepare the work instructions

In the case of Sanindusa 2 the main objectives were already present in the previous item 2.5.2 identification
of environmental aspects in Sanindusa 2.

The objectives (and correspondent indicator) are evaluated every year by top management and periodically
review.
The objectives are linked to actual measurable targets and indicators (quantity of pollutant per unit of
production) and others.
The targets are set in order to ensure the achievement of the related objectives, and they include measurable
performance levels.
They include a specified time frame to be delivered by the programme.
Periodical updating of targets ensures continuous improvement.

2.8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

EMAS Requirement:
The organisation shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It
shall include
(a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level of the
organisation;
(b) the means and timeframe by which they are to be achieved.
If a project relates to new developments and new or modified activities, products or services, programme(s)
shall be amended where relevant to ensure that environmental management applies to such projects.


The organizations should establish an environmental management program that addresses all of its
environmental objectives.



Each programme should describe how the organization's objectives and targets will be achieved, including
timescales, necessary resources and personnel responsible for implementing the programme(s). It is an
dynamic action plan.
The resources include equipment, materials and money.

The elements of the environmental management program:
1. objective: overall environmental goal, consistent with the environmental policy, that the
organizations sets. It is also a reference to the associated activity and its environmental aspect
(specially in the case of Sanindusa 2)
2. indicator: the performance indicator is establish for each objective and target and it serves to
follow the environmental objective goal;
3. target: it is a detailed performance requirement, that arises from the environmental objectives
goals and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives; whenever is possible the
time frame associated with the target is include.;
4. actions/activities: a description of the steps in sequence for each task. Actions to implement the
program; the procedure to achieve the objective goals; In the case of Maronagrs the name was
activity while in Sanindusa was actions;
5. personnel: refers to who is responsible to carry out the program and achieve the objective and
target
6. resources: equipment, financial, human and time to comply with the program
7. deadline: time schedule to achieve the objective and target
8. follow up: include the periodicity to accomplish the objectives and targets
9. other information




Table - Example of the environmental program from the Maronagrs ceramic company

Aspect Objective Target Indicator Actions/activities Personal
responsible
Resources Deadline Follow up Other
information
Several
Improve
employee training
Employee training in
environmental fields
([number]
hours/employee)
during the year 2004;
N
hour/employee
a) training on environmental
fields
b) on job training the operational
control
c) emergency training
DQA (director
of quality and
environment)
and human
resources
DQA December
2004
Ever 3 months

Several
Create an audits
team from
collaborators
from Maronagrs;
Create at least one
audits team from
collaborators from
Maronagrs until the 4
trimester
N audit teams a) external training on quality and

Director of
human
resources and
DQA
External
entity
December
2004
Ever 3 months

Subcontractors
Improve the
evaluation of
suppliers (quality
and environment);
At least 2 visits to
suppliers during the
year 2005;

Number of visits a) perform at least 2 visits to
suppliers on matters related with
b) Send environmental
questionnaire
Environmental
department
(ED)
ED December
2004
Semestrial

Several Improve the
treatment of
nonconformities
Informatics treatment
of all nonconformities
after the year 2004
a) acquire a software

DQA Software
from CTCV
December
2004
Ever 3 months

Wastewater
Rehabilitation of
the wastewater
treatment facility
Rehabilitation of the
wastewater treatment
facility during 2004
Visual and
efficiency
treatment
a) civil labor improvement in
tanks;
b) civil labor in involving area;
c) improve the tank efficiency

Maintenance
responsible
Civil
engineering
December
2004
Semestrial

Waste
Improve Waste
management
Selective collection of
all packing waste
(plastic, wood, metal,
paper, etc) during 2004
N of
improvements
a) acquire individual containers;
b) employee training in selective
collections of waste;
c) Final destination licensed
company
Maintenance
responsible
and DQA
Containers December
2004
Monthly

Emergency
aspects
Minimize the
potential for spills
Training in the
during the 2 semester.
Prepare the work
instructions
Number of
incidents or
accidents
Receiving and handling
procedures in the work place
Containers to avoid spill
Training in hazardous chemical
handling
Production
manager and
environmental
department
Containers
and training
November
2004
Monthly




Table - Example of the environmental program from the Sanindusa 2 ceramic company

Aspect Objective Target Indicator Actions/activities Personal
responsible
Resources Deadline Follow up Other
information
SME
Improve
employee training
Employee training in
10 hours/employee
during the year 2004;
N
hour/employee
a) training on EMS and
b) on job training the operational
control
c) emergency training
Environment
department and
human resources
Training December
2004 and 1
semester
2005
Ever 3 months

Waste
Improve Waste
management
Selective collection of
all packing waste
(plastic, wood, paper)
during 2004
N of
improvements
a) acquire individual containers;
b) employee training in selective
collections of waste;
c) Final destination licensed
company
Environmental
department (ED)
and production
manager
Containers
training
1 semester
2005
Monthly

Water
Improve Water
management
Reduce the quantity of
water used per unit of
production in [number
%]
m3 of Water/ton To define good practice for the
management of the resource
(work instruction)
The collaborators' sensitization to
minimize the consumptions of
water (training and posters)
Maintenance
responsible and
production
manager
Training
Civil
engineering
December
2005
Monthly

Waste
Decrease the
waste production
Reduce the quantity of
waste per unit of
production in [number
%]
ton of Waste/ton To define good practices for the
management of the wastes (work
instruction) The collaborators'
training to minimize the
production of wastes and their
separation.
Technical and
production
managers
Containers;
training
December
2005
Ever 3 months

Energy
Use of natural gas
Use of natural gas in
the production during
2004
-- a) stop with the GPL use
b) used an UAG that produces
natural gas
Production
manager
Civil
engineering
May 2004 Monthly

Gaseous
emissions
Reduce emissions
of CO and SOx in
the firing
equipment
Reduce emissions of
CO and NOx in the
firing equipment
(driers and kilns and
boilers) in 10 %
Kg CO and Nox
per year
a) use of natural gas
b) monitor the chimneys
c) control the burning of the kiln,
boilers, etc
Production
manager
Technical December
2005
semester

Emergency
aspects
Minimize the
potential for spills
Training in the
during the 2 semester.
Prepare the work
instructions
Number of
incidents or
accidents
Receiving and handling
procedures in the work place
Containers to avoid spill
Training in chemical handling.
Production
manager and
environmental
department
Containers
and training
June 2005 Monthly




2.9. DEFINITION OF STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITY

EMAS Requirement:

Roles, responsibility and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to
facilitate effective environmental management. Management shall provide resources essential to
the implementation and control of the environmental management system. Resources include
human resources and specialised skills, technology and financial resources.

The organisations top management shall appoint (a) specific management representative(s) who,
irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for
(a) ensuring that environmental management system requirements are established,
implemented and maintained in accordance with this International Standard;
(b) reporting on the performance of the environmental management system to top
management for review and as a basis for improvement of the environmental
management system.


As previous stated Maronagrs was an organization already certified by ISO 9001, so roles, responsibilities
and authorities were defined at relevant functions and levels within the organization. Documentation, which
describes various functions, was revised in order to integrate the specific requirements of the Environmental
Management System. An example could be seen in Annex 2 (Descrio de Posto de Trabalho). In addiction,
in the other documents of the system, namely procedures and work instruction, the specific responsibilities
were defined.
Such integration help the industry to solve conflicts between environmental and other organizational
objectives and priorities.

The top management was appointed one of the top management directors as a Management Representative
for the coordination of the Quality and Environmental Management System (QEMS) and the Director of
Quality and Environment as a ultimately responsible for ensuring that the system was established,
implemented and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 14001 and EMAS.

The functions of the Director of Quality and Environment are, among others:
i.to keep inform the Management Representative about the performance, current status and progress of the
QEMS;
ii.to communicate with external entities related to the QEMS;
iii.to collected information to allow management to carry out the management review process.

The QEMS was still supported by a Cross Functional Team that foster he implementation and the
improvement of the EMS, by providing the human resources, technology and financial resources.



ADMINISTRAO
DIRECO
INDUSTRIAL
Carl os Si mes
MANUTENO
Lus Lousada
POLIMENTO
Ernesto Marques
DIRECO
TCNICA
Pedro Cal dei ra
DIRECO
COMERCIAL
Rui El i sri o
DIRECO
FINANCEIRA
Antni o Lopes
DIRECO
RECURSOS
HUMANOS
DIRECTORES
DE REA
CONTROLO
DA QUALIDADE
Adel i na Gonal ves
PRODUO
Jos Marques
LOGSTICA
Pedro Carteado
PREPARAO
DE PASTAS
Antnio Barbosa
GESTO DE
CRDITO
Isabel Cravo
TESOURARIA
Rosri o Caj ei ra
CONTABI -
LIDADE
Nuno Gni o
COMPRAS
Paul o Marques
PRODUO
Joaqui m Tei xei ra
VENDAS
MI
Rui El i sri o
VENDAS
ME
Gustavo Si l va
COORDENAO
DE PROMOO
Franci sco Pao
MARKETING
Al berto Ramos

PEAS ESP.
CORTADAS
Armnio Sampaio
ESCOLHA
Jos Carl os
FORNOS
Mri o Torro
PRENSAS
Davi d Rocha
LINHAS DE
VIDRAR
Manuel Antnio
ATOMIZADOR
Antni o Barbosa
LABORATRIO
Adel i na Gonal ves
PROMOTORES AMOSTRAS
SERVIO DE
CLIENTES
DIRECO
QUALIDADE &
AMBIENTE
Paul a Pi nho Marques
Marco Mussini
(Interinamente)

Figure 15 - Organisation structure in Maronagrs in 2004

In the case of Sanindusa 2 the definition of the structure and responsibility was simultaneous integrated for
the three management system (quality, environment, heath and safety). Specific procedures of each area have
their responsibilities well defined in the respective procedure.

The top management was appointed one of the top management administrators as a Management
Representative for the coordination of the Quality, Environmental and safety and heath Management System
(QESHMS) and the Environment responsible as the ultimately responsible for ensuring that the system was
established, implemented and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 14001 and EMAS.



Abel Barandela
Director Tcnico
Or gos Operativos
Adminstrativo/
Financeiro
Isabel Castro
Directora.
Laboratrio
Joo Oliveira
Director Produo
Pedro Viana
Director Manuteno
ETAR
Preparao Vidros
Armazem Matrias
Primas e Pastas
Olaria
Inspeo/Vidragem
Fornos/Recozedura
Escolha
Embalagem/
Montagem
Mecanismos
Expedio
Chefe Equipa
Electrica
Chefe Equipa
Mecnica
Recursos Humanos
Orgos de Statf
Administrao
Compras
Informtica
Gesto SQAS
SQAS - Sistema de Gesto
Qualidade Ambiente e Segurana
Saude no Trabalho

Figure 16 - Organisation structure in Sanindusa 2

Both organizations manage their operations via the application of a system of processes and their interactions,
referred as the process approach (ISO 9001:2000). It was defined a specific process that take into account
the structure and responsibility.
In both ceramic management systems the approach was similar including the integration, which helps the
industry to solve conflicts between environmental and other organizational objectives and priorities.
As stated by several author and ISO (see ISO14004) the management system elements can benefit from
integration approach including the resource allocation, controls and documentation: organization policies and
structure, training, measuring and monitoring systems, internal audit processes and communication and
reporting.

The resource needed to implement and maintain the EMS, have considered:
human resources (see organizational structure);
infrastructure technology and Technical resources;
financial resources.



Resources and their allocation are periodically reviewed to ensure their adequacy, and in conjunction with the
management review. Including the planned changes and/or new legislation and/or new projects or operations.

2.10. TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCE

EMAS Requirement:
The organisation shall identify training needs. It shall require that all personnel whose work may create a
significant impact upon the environment, have received appropriate training.
It shall establish and maintain procedures to make its employees or members at each relevant function and
level aware of
(a) the importance of conformance with the environmental policy and procedures and with the
requirements of the environmental management system;
(b) the significant environmental impacts, actual or potential, of their work activities and the
environmental benefits of improved personal performance;
(c) their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance with the environmental policy and
procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system, including
emergency preparedness and response requirements;
(d) the potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures.
Personnel performing the tasks which can cause significant environmental impacts shall be competent on the
basis of appropriate education, training and/or experience.


Those workers performing activities that can cause (a) significant actual or potential environmental aspect(s)
or associated impact(s) should be competent to do those jobs, and their performance supports the
requirements of the EMS and reflects the environmental policy. This includes employees, contractors, and
other involved parties working in the facilities of the ceramic industry.
The approach followed by both ceramic companies was:

The procedure of Maronagrs was integrated with the Quality management system (M PS-R02 IT 02.01). In
this procedure it was established how the organization done the identification of employee training needs, the
design and development of a training plan and registration and evaluation of training received.
In the case of Sanindusa 2 the procedure was integrated with quality, safety and heath.

There are several examples of records of Identification of Training Needs, Training Records and
Evaluation of Effectiveness.

The training plan addresses the awareness, the capability and the motivation of the personnel involved and it
was related to environmental management programs, operations, management of significant environmental
aspects, emergency situations of the overall EMS.



During the implementation of the EMS, the training plan covered the following matters: the structure of
Environmental Management Systems EMAS developed in the ceramic company; main environmental
aspects in the organization (gaseous emissions, waste, water and liquid effluent, noise, chemicals substances,
; emergency; environmental legislation, etc,
In the case of Sanindusa 2 the training programme was integrated with quality management, environmental
management, heath and safety management, and include two distinct groups: operational workers and
personal with superior education (including top management).
These programme included in both ceramic organizations a preliminary training (before the EMAS
implementation) to explain the EMAS objective, steps, implementation chronogram.
Both industries include also formal training (in their installations and abroad) and on-the-job training.
The contractors and suppliers are given training especially on-the-job training or provided by information.
The identification of the employee training needs is periodical (annual). EMS training is structured in
continuous cycles.
The emergency management and response requirements will be better explained in the item 2.14 -
Emergency preparedness and response..

The competence was based on appropriate education, training, skills and/or experience. Competence
requirements were considered in recruiting, training and developing future skills and abilities of persons
working for or on behalf of the ceramic industry.

2.11. COMMUNICATION

EMAS Requirement:
With regard to its environmental aspects and environmental management system, the organisation shall
establish and maintain procedures for
(a) internal communication between the various levels and functions of the organisation;
(b) receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties.
The organisation shall consider processes for external communication on its significant environmental
aspects and record its decision.


2.11.1 Internal communication
The organization should establish and maintain suitable procedures for communication between various
levels ad functions of the organization regarding the EMS.



It is essential to encourage the communication process including the feedback and involvement of all levels of
the organization and receive and respond to employees suggestions and concerns.
A variety of internal communication methods and information are available through the following ways:
Internal communication placards (see examples in Annex 2);
Minutes of meetings;
Training register;
Internal inquires (satisfaction)
electronic mail,
Intranet;
Information brochures (see examples in Annex 2).

The internal communication involves several themes like: changes in the policy; EMS procedures changes (or
changes in the integrated procedures documentation); new procedures (environmental, quality, heath and
safety), environmental performance of EMS and/or performance of management system (quality,
environmental, heath and safety), training plan, audits, management reviews.
If necessary the environment manager/responsible promotes near the employees of Maronagrs/Sanindusa,
information associated to the environment aspects and environmental management system, and provide also
to the top manager the ideas of the employees on environmental matters.

The responsibility of maintenance in the archive the internal communication is from environmental
manager/responsible.

2.11.2 External communication
Organizations should implement a procedure for receiving, documenting and responding to relevant
communications from interested parties.

The external communication involves the means by which the ceramic industry communicate the information
regarding its EMS including the policy, the significant environmental aspects, environmental performance,
and other relevant information. The information, complaints (accusations) and view from interested parties is
also very important. In the case of Maronagrs the environmental complaints were included in the support
process related to management of complaint (PS-M01).
The interested parties include local and regulatory authorities, clients, contractors/suppliers, stakeholders,
trade associations (APICER Associao Portuguesa da Indstria Cermica), local community, general
public).

The external communication involves several means like technical information (technical magazines like
Keramica, legislation, regulations, inquiries (from INE Instituto Nacional de Estatstica, CCDR Comisso
de Coordenao e Desenvolvimento Regional; other interested parties like clients and suppliers, ).

The external communication themes like: integrated policy (including environment); objectives and targets,
EMS environmental performance and/or performance of management system (quality, environmental, heath
and safety).
The external communication that is obligatory to the regulatory authorities regarding the monitoring is also
present in the communication procedure (gaseous emissions, waste transport, waste annual register, energy,
characterization of liquid effluent, ).

A variety of external communication medium types and information are available:
Letter;
Fax;
Email;
Internet;
Telephone;
Visit to the ceramic industries;
Visit to other industries;
Visitors reception;
Dia de Portas Abertas Comunidade.

The Sanindusa 2 developed a specific procedure (GAP003) for communication.
Sanindusa 2 register all communication received and responded to or from interested parties.



The responsibility of maintenance in the archive the external communication is from environmental
manager/responsible.

2.12. DOCUMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION CONTROL

EMAS Requirements:

Environmental management system documentation
The organisation shall establish and maintain information, in paper or electronic form, to
(a) describe the core elements of the management system and their interaction;
(b) provide direction to related documentation. T

Document control
The organisation shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents required by this
International Standard to ensure that
(a) they can be located;
(b) they are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved for adequacy by authorised
personnel;
(c) the current versions of relevant documents are available at all locations where operations essential to the
effective functioning of the environmental management system are performed;
(d) obsolete documents are promptly removed from all points of issue and points of use, or otherwise assured
against unintended use;
(e) any obsolete documents retained for legal and/or knowledge preservation purposes are suitably
identified.
Documentation shall be legible, dated (with dates of revision) and readily identifiable, maintained
in an orderly manner and retained for a specified period. Procedures and responsibilities shall be
established and maintained concerning the creation and modification of the various types of
document.


2.12.1 Documentation
In both ceramic companies the relevant environmental documentation was combine with documentation of
the other management systems (quality and/or heath and safety).

In the case of Maronagrs the system was supported by the following hierarchical documentation:

1st Level : Manual - description of the organization and the QEMS;
2nd Level : Procedures - description of the activities from each process that support the system;
3rd Level : Plan and Specifications - documentation of the operational criteria that support the system;
4th Level : Working Instruction, Records, Working Method, , among others - detailed description
of the activities and records.

Descriodas actividades relativas a cada
processonecessrias manutenodo SG
Q&A e implementaodos Objectivosda
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
actividades e documentos
de registo
DescriodaEmpresae do SG Q&A
de acordocoma PolticaQ&A
e com a NP ENISO9001:2000
Documentaoquedefine osparmetros
e/ouvaloresde trabalho necessrios
manuteno do SGQ&A e implementao
Dos ObjectivosdaEmpresa
IT MOP FR CAT TAB EXT IT MOP FR CAT TAB EXT
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
de registo
e com a NP ENISO9001:2000 e EMAS
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
de registo
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
de registo
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
de registo
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
Empresa
1Nvel
2Nvel
3 Nvel
4 Nvel
Descriodetalhadadas
de registo
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN
PL ESP PL ESP
PRC PRC
MAN
MAN




As it was stated Maronagrs is already certified by ISO 9001:2000, and it has developed the process approach
integrated quality and environment. The processes of the System include:
key process,
support process;

The Key processes are a set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs.
Their origins are the costumers requirements and they have direct influence in their satisfaction.
Support processes are those whose activities complement other processes activities of the integrated system,
adding value to it. They refer to processes related to resources ad measurement.
The sub-process have the same characteristics of those which they derive from, but represent only a part of it.
The action undertaken by the organisation to provide its management system with a process-based approach
can be classified in four broad steps:

1. Identification and sequence of the processes;
2. Description of each;
3. Monitoring and measurement to find out the results achieved;
4. Improvement of the processes based on monitoring and measurement.




PROCESSOS CHAVE (PC) PROCESSOS CHAVE (PC)
Produo de Produto Normal
NOR NOR
Produo de Polimento
POL POL
Produo de Peas Especiais Cortadas
PEC PEC
Produo de Peas Especiais Prensadas
PEP PEP
P
C
0
3
P
r
o
d
u
o
PC01 PC01
Identificao das
Necessidades
dos Clientes
PC02 PC02
Vendas
PC05 PC05
Desenvolvimento dos Novos Produtos
PC04 PC04
Armazenamento
e Expedio do
Produto
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
DIRECO (D D) CONTROLO E MELHORIA (M M)
PROCESSOS DE SUPORTE (PS) PROCESSOS DE SUPORTE (PS)
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
6
R
0
6
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

A
s
p
e
c
t
o
s

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
i
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
2
R
0
2
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

R
e
c
u
r
s
o
s

H
u
m
a
n
o
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
3
R
0
3
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

C
o
m
p
r
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
4
R
0
4
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

M
a
n
u
t
e
n
o
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
5
R
0
5
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

D
i
s
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
o
s

d
e
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
z
a
o

e

M
e
d
i
o

(
D
M
M
)
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
1
M
0
1
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

R
e
c
l
a
m
a
e
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
3
M
0
3
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

N
o

C
o
n
f
o
r
m
i
d
a
d
e
s
&

A
c
e
s

C
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
4
M
0
4
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

M
e
l
h
o
r
i
a
&

A
c
e
s

P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
5
M
0
5
M
e
d
i
o

d
a

S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o

d
o
s

C
l
i
e
n
t
e
s
P
S
P
S
- -
D
0
1
D
0
1
R
e
v
i
s
o

p
e
l
a

D
i
r
e
c
o
P
S
P
S
- -
D
0
2
D
0
2
P
l
a
n
o

d
e

N
e
g
c
i
o
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
1
R
0
1
G
e
s
t
o

d
o

S
i
s
t
e
m
a

Q
&
A

(
S
G
:
Q
&
A
)
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
2
M
0
2
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

A
u
d
i
t
o
r
i
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
8
R
0
8
G
e
s
t
o

F
i
n
a
n
c
e
i
r
a
GESTO DE RECURSOS (R R)
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
7
R
0
7
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

S
a
d
e

e

S
e
g
u
r
a
n
a
(1) (3) (2) (1)
(1) No SGQA (3) S actividade 01 SGQA (2) S SGA
PROCESSOS CHAVE (PC) PROCESSOS CHAVE (PC)
Produo de Produto Normal
NOR NOR
Produo de Polimento
POL POL
Produo de Peas Especiais Cortadas
PEC PEC
Produo de Peas Especiais Prensadas
PEP PEP
P
C
0
3
P
r
o
d
u
o
PC01 PC01
Identificao das
Necessidades
dos Clientes
PC02 PC02
Vendas
PC05 PC05
Desenvolvimento dos Novos Produtos
PC04 PC04
Armazenamento
e Expedio do
Produto
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
=
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
=
I
m
p
a
c
t
e

n
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
e
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

C
L
I
E
N
T
E
S

=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
=
R
e
q
u
i
s
i
t
o
s
=
C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

C
O
M
U
N
I
D
A
D
E

=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
=
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
o

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
l
=
DIRECO (D D) CONTROLO E MELHORIA (M M)
PROCESSOS DE SUPORTE (PS) PROCESSOS DE SUPORTE (PS)
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
6
R
0
6
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

A
s
p
e
c
t
o
s

A
m
b
i
e
n
t
a
i
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
2
R
0
2
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

R
e
c
u
r
s
o
s

H
u
m
a
n
o
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
3
R
0
3
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

C
o
m
p
r
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
4
R
0
4
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

M
a
n
u
t
e
n
o
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
5
R
0
5
G
e
s
t
o

d
o
s

D
i
s
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
o
s

d
e
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
z
a
o

e

M
e
d
i
o

(
D
M
M
)
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
1
M
0
1
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

R
e
c
l
a
m
a
e
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
3
M
0
3
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

N
o

C
o
n
f
o
r
m
i
d
a
d
e
s
&

A
c
e
s

C
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
4
M
0
4
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

M
e
l
h
o
r
i
a
&

A
c
e
s

P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
5
M
0
5
M
e
d
i
o

d
a

S
a
t
i
s
f
a
o

d
o
s

C
l
i
e
n
t
e
s
P
S
P
S
- -
D
0
1
D
0
1
R
e
v
i
s
o

p
e
l
a

D
i
r
e
c
o
P
S
P
S
- -
D
0
2
D
0
2
P
l
a
n
o

d
e

N
e
g
c
i
o
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
1
R
0
1
G
e
s
t
o

d
o

S
i
s
t
e
m
a

Q
&
A

(
S
G
:
Q
&
A
)
P
S
P
S
- -
M
0
2
M
0
2
G
e
s
t
o

d
a
s

A
u
d
i
t
o
r
i
a
s
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
8
R
0
8
G
e
s
t
o

F
i
n
a
n
c
e
i
r
a
GESTO DE RECURSOS (R R)
P
S
P
S
- -
R
0
7
R
0
7
G
e
s
t
o

d
a

S
a
d
e

e

S
e
g
u
r
a
n
a
(1) (3) (2) (1)
(1) No SGQA (3) S actividade 01 SGQA (2) S SGA

Figure 17 - Process structure in Maronagrs (Process Map in Portuguese)




Figure 18 - Process structure in Maronagrs (Process Map in English)



The EMAS was implemented integrated with quality on the process approach, special focus on the process
that were integrated (in bold):

The key process include
PC1 Identification of the customers needs;
PC2 Sales;
PC3 Production;
PC4 Storage and product delivery;
PC5 Development of new products;

The support process are grouped in three groups:
Top management;
o PS-D01 Management review
o PS-D02 Business plan
Resources management;
o PS-R01 Quality and environment system management (see annex 2 MPSR01PRC
00.01)
o PS-R02 human resources management;
o PS-R03 Purchasing management;
o PS-R04 Maintenance management;
o PS-R05 Measuring and monitoring devices;
o PS-R06 Environmental aspects management (see annex 2 MPS-R06 PRC 00.01);
o PS-R07 Heath and safety management;
o PS-R08 Financial management
Control and improvement:
o PS-M01 complaints management;
o PS-M02 audit management;
o PS-M03 nonconformance and corrective actions management
o PS-M04 improvement and preventive actions management;
o PS-M05 customer satisfaction monitoring.

Sanindusa documentation:

Examples of Sanindusa 2 documents include:
Manual (including statements of policy, objectives and targets;
Programme information (including objectives and targets);
System procedures;
Work instructions including site emergency plans
Specifications;
Tables and listages
Records.

Both organizations choose to summarize the information regarding the EMS in the form of a manual, which
constitutes an overview of the EMS. In the case of Maronagrs the manual is integrated with quality, and in
the case of Sanindusa 2 with quality and safety and heath.

2.12.2 Documentation control

All the relevant documents to environment, quality and heath and safety management system of Maronagrs
and Sanindusa 2 have to be controlled in order to assure:
documents can be identified;
documents are regularly reviewed, revised as necessary and approved by authorized personnel prior
to issue;
the current versions (updated versions) of relevant documents are available at all locations and
collaborators that may need for the exercise of their functions;
that all the changes are communicated in order to guarantee is implementation in useful time;
obsolete documents are promptly removed from all points of issue.



The document control in Maronagrs is associated with the process management of quality and environment
(PS-R01), through the procedure M PS R01 PRC 00.01. The methodology to it defined the control of the
internal and external documents is present in the work instruction M PS-R01 IT 03.01.

In the Sanindusa 2 the control document procedure (GSP001) includes the documentation structure including
the titles, code numbers, dates, version, revisions, revision history or authority, approval, pages and total
pages.

The control is made to documentation from internal and external sources, according to the following
diagrams:

Figure 19 - Internal Documentation control



Existing
Document?
Receipt of
Document
Archive -
Original
Updating
Yes
Standards
Archive -
Obsolete
Distribution of
the Copy
Destruction of
the Obsolete
Copies
No
Research
Yes
No
Applicable
Distribution?

Figure 20 - External Documentation Control

The document distribution system is via paper or
electronic (via an informatic program IS9000 in the
case of Maronagrs).
There are several advantages to maintaining documents
electronically, including an easier updating, controlling
access, and ensuring that all users are using the valid
versions of documents.



2.13. OPERATIONAL CONTROL

EMAS requirement:
The organisation shall identify those operations and activities that are associated with the identified
significant environmental aspects in line with its policy, objectives and targets. The organisation shall plan
these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions
by:
(a) establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations where their absence
could lead to deviations from the environmental policy and the objectives and targets;
(b) stipulating operating criteria in the procedures;
( c) establishing and maintaining procedures related to the identifiable significant environmental
aspects of goods and services used by the organisation and communicating relevant procedures and
requirements to suppliers and contractors.


Operational controls may take various forms, such as procedures, work instructions, physical controls, use of
trained personnel or any combination of these.
In the case of Maronagrs the operations and activities associated with significant environmental aspects
were collected together in the process M PS-R06 Management of Environmental Aspects, which has 3 sub-
processes: Waste management, Others environmental aspects management (Consumption of water,
Consumption of raw material, Consumption of energy, Production of emissions to air, Production of emission
to water, Production of noise) and Emergency management, and each one has several activities, as can be
seen in the Process Map (fig.16) and in the procedure ( M PS-R06 PRC 00.01 in annex 2).

The documentation of the process was supported by different type of document, such as work instructions
and working method, regarding:
Waste management (see M PS-R06/RES PRC 00.01, M PS-R06/RES PL 00.01 and M PS-R06/RES IT
02.01 in annex 2)
Gaseous emissions (cover the operational criteria for the working method of the equipment like fluorine
filter and bag filters, and several equipment from production like dyers and kiln).
Water and wastewater (cover the operational criteria for the working method of the wastewater
treatment plant (see M PS-R06/OAA MOP 03.01)
Energy (cover by another process Maintenance Management)
Noise (cover also by anothers processes Maintenance Management and Purchasing);
Work instructions in the respective sections (place of work) (including both the quality and
environmental areas) and subjects like handling and storage of raw materials;
laboratory analysis;
marketing;
maintenance;
transport.

In addiction, operational criteria and good practices were documented in the sections where the activities
occur (see Annex M PS-R06/RES IT 02.04 - IT Gesto de resduos da cozedura).

On the other hand, communication to the suppliers is also maintained in order to cover the environmental
criteria for equipment and material, namely chemical substances, purchasing, see in annex the questionnaire
to product suppliers (in Annex) - PS-R03: purchase management.

In the case of subconctracting it was developed a work instructions that contains the rules that the
subcontractors must follow when operating in the Maronagrs facilities (PS-R03: Gesto das compras
Prestao de Servios nas instalaes da Maronagrs).

Sanindusa 2 prepare procedures on two levels: a broader lever covering overall activity, and a more detailed
level covering procedures for specific tasks.

In the case of Sanindusa 2 it was developed an procedure for operational control GAP004 in which
established the key parameters for controlling the different operations associated with its significant
environmental aspects.



Such activities include purchasing, handling and storage of raw materials, sales, marketing, research and
development, production process operations (presents in item 212), maintenance, laboratory analysis, product
storage, transport and the rules for subcontracting.
The operational control procedure of Sanindusa (GAP 004) focus on:
Water and wastewater;
Waste management;
Gaseous emissions;
Noise;
Handling and storage of chemical products, oils, solvents, glazes;
Subcontracting;
Purchasing.
This procedure also includes the way to act in case of nonconformity and corrective actions and the way to
communicate.

It was also developed several work instructions and specifications describing in a more detailed level how a
specific task is to be carried out:
GAP007 Gesto de resduos,
GAP008 Gesto de efluentes gasosos;
GAP009 Gesto de efluentes lquidos;
GAE001 Requisitos ambientais para compras environmental requirements in purchasing;
GAI001 Preenchimento das Guias de acompanhamento de resduos;
GAI002 controlo operacional da seco de preparao de vidro;
GAI003 controlo operacional da seco de olaria;
GAI004 controlo operacional da seco de secagem;
GAI005 controlo operacional da seco de vidragem;
GAI006 controlo operacional da seco de fornos;
GAI007 controlo operacional dos resduos de caco cozido;
GAI008 Controlo Operacional da Manuteno operational control in maintenance
GAI009 - Controlo Operacional da ETA e ETAR operational control in ETA (water treatment facility) and
ETAR (wasterwater facility);
GAI010 controlo operacional do laboratrio;
GAI011 controlo operacional do armazm;
GAI012 controlo operacional avaliao de questionrios;
GAI013 controlo operacional de servios administrativos;
GAI014 Controlo das operaes de trasfega operational control on handling and transport.

These documents include the specific procedures for using the equipment and for carrying out tasks correctly
in order to prevent pollution, reduce consumption (energy and/or materials).
These operational controls were register in a proper register.
These procedures are regularly update and help to implement the environmental policy, objectives and
targets, regulatory compliance, continual improvement and pollution prevention.

2.14. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

EMAS requirement:
The organisation shall establish and maintain procedures to identify potential for and respond to accidents
and emergency situations, and for preventing and mitigating the environmental impacts that may be
associated with them.
The organisation shall review and revise, where necessary, its emergency preparedness and response
procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations.
The organisation shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.


The following scheme shoes the approach taken in the case of emergency situations:



Identify Potencial
Emergency Situations
OK
Yes
No
Establish Emergency
Plans and Procedures
Communication and
Training the Emergency
Plan / Procedure
Evaluation of the
Effectiveness of the
Emergency Training
Periodic Testing
Emergency Response
Procedures

Both ceramic industries have identified the potential emergency situation or accidents during the
environmental aspects identification. In the case of Sanindusa 2 the procedure to identify and maintain
potential emergency situations was included with significant environmental aspects (GAP001).
In the case of Maronagrs the procedure for emergency was independent, despite the fact that the criteria
were similar. The potential emergency situations/accidents were register in M PS PSR06 EMG FR 00.01. The
emergency situations included accidental emissions to the atmosphere and accidental discharges to water and
land and environmental and human damage caused by such unintended releases.
Then it was defined the way to prevent and take appropriate response actions if such situations occur.
In both ceramic industries it was establish procedures to respond to emergency or accidents at local site and
an emergency plan. In the case of Sanindusa 2 the emergency plan was integrated with heath and safety.

The identified emergency situation include:
Untreated wastewater accidental discharges;
Chemical substances accidental discharges including (products for wastewater
treatment, solvents, glazes);
Accidental discharges of fuel or oil;
Leakage of Natural gas;
Particulates emissions (diffuse emissions);
Occurrence of Fire;
Explosion;
Natural disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquakes)

The emergency preparedness and response Plan include:
general description of ceramic industry;
location of the ceramic industry including a schematic map of the facility,
evacuation routes, location of environmental emergency equipment, and
assembly points;
Identification of potentials environmental accidents and emergencies;
list of hazardous substances and quantities;



emergency organization and responsibilities, including a list of employees and
personnel and their functions in case of emergency and their internal and
external telephone numbers;
action procedure: written procedures to mitigation and response actions to be
taken to solve different types of emergency situations or accidents. These
include actions required to minimize environmental damage, clean-up of post-
accident residues or effluents, etc.);
alarms;
internal and external communication (e.g. neighborhood);
distribution: list to whom the plan is distributed and the responsible for
distribution;
annex.
It were also defined several local plan to act in case of emergency (M PS- R06 PL01.15 Incndio)

This requirement also include periodic testing of emergency response procedures; training plans and testing
for effectiveness and the process for post-accident evaluation to define corrective and preventive actions.

It was necessary to build a emergency Kit to respond to emergency situations.

The model report form for accidents, emergency or periodic training is defined.

2.15. MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT

EMAS REQUIREMENT:

The organisation shall establish and maintain documented procedures to monitor and measure, on a regular
basis, the key characteristics of its operations and activities that can have a significant impact on the
environment. This shall include the recording of information to track performance, relevant operational
controls and conformance with the organisations environmental objectives and targets. Monitoring
equipment shall be calibrated and maintained and records of this process shall be retained according to the
organisations procedures.
The organisation shall establish and maintain a documented procedure for periodically evaluating
compliance with relevant environmental legislation and regulations.

The organizations developed a systematic approach for measuring and monitoring its environmental
performance, and that provide data to support or evaluate operational controls; its objectives and targets, its
environmental performance and the performance of the EMS.
Monitoring involves collecting information, such as measurements or observations, over time.
Measurements can be either quantitative or qualitative

In order to monitor and measure the key characteristics of the activities and operations that can have a
significant impact in the environment, Margrs was defined several Monitoring Plans regarding:
Waste management
Gaseous emissions
Water consumption
Wastewater emissions
Noise;
Energy

As an example, Monitoring Plan for Wastewater emissions (M PS-R06/OAA PL 03.01) could be seen in
Annex 3. Meanwhile, an extract of the plan is presented below.

The monitoring plan states what will be measured, where and when (frequency) it will be measured, the
responsible, the methodology or methods to measure, what to do in the case of non-compliance with the



establish limits (environmental laws and regulations and other), internal and external communications of
results from monitoring and measuring

The calibration and maintenance requirements of the monitoring equipment are guarantee by an internal
procedure or by agreement with de external supplier of the monitoring service.

The organization ensure documented periodically evaluation of its compliance with environmental legal and
other EMS requirements in a specific register and as part of its management review.




Frequency Sampling
Measurable
Variable
Operator
pH
External
Sampling
Supplier of
the
treatment
products
Clean
Water
Tank
R
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t

-

L
i
c
e
n
s
e

o
f

U
s
e

o
f

t
h
e

H
y
d
r
i
c

P
u
b
l
i
c

D
o
m
a
i
n
TSS
Control
6-9
Fill the
nonconformity
report
preventing at
minimum
industrial
director and
wastewater
plant
responsible
Date of
delivery of the
external
reports
Copy of
external
reports,
validated by
quality and
environmental
director
External
reports,
validated by
environmental
responsible
Item.
Control
Name
Work
Instruction
Record
Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
(COD)
Total
Suspended
Solids (TSS)
Semestrial
Communic
ation
<150 mg/l
Preconized
methods in
the legal
requirements
Once a
month
Actions
Under Non
Conformity
External
Communication
pH
COD
External
entity with
the waste
water
treatment
plant
operator
Specification
Fill the
nonconformity
report
preventing at
minimum
industrial
director and
wastewater
plant
responsible
Define by quality
and environmental
director in view of
the risk of the
situation
Quality and
environmental
director send to
official entity
(CCDR)
<60 mg/l

Figure 21 - Example of the monitoring plan of Maronagrs




In the case of Sanindusa 2 it was developed a written procedure (GAP005) for measuring and monitoring the
key characteristics of its environmental aspects and the environmental performance, and a monitoring plan
(GAL002) for the specific key characteristics.
The procedure GAP005 describes the methodology to monitoring and/or measurement periodic of:
the principle activities, that can be controlled and might have an significance environmental
impact or a result of permitting requirements and
its compliance with environmental legal and other EMS requirement

This procedure also includes the way to:
a) measure and monitoring the key environmental characteristics;
b) calibrate and maintain the instruments and/or equipments of monitoring and measuring (internal or
external measures); keep records of equipment calibration and maintenance activities;
c) evaluate the monitoring and measuring,
d) do in the case of non-compliance with the establish limits (environmental laws and regulations and
other),
e) register
f) internal and external communications of results from monitoring and measuring.
g) Need to revising the EMS (objectives and target, environmental management programs, procedures,
operations control).

The environmental key characteristics are:
Waste management;
Gaseous emissions;
Water consumption;
Wastewater discharges (industrial and domestic);
Noise;
Energy.

The monitoring plan (GAL002) states what will be measured, where and when (frequency) it will be
measured, the responsible, the methodology or methods to measure. This plan contains the previous
environmental key characteristics and the environmental legal requirements obligatory, as part of its
commitment to legal compliance to be monitoring.

As an example, Monitoring Plan for water, Wastewater discharges (liquid effluent) and gaseous emissions is
presented in the table below.



VMR/
VMA
VLE Unid. Freq. Doc. Ent.
Water
Consumption
(captation of
the puncture)
Volume Puncture
Not
Applicable
(n.a.)
Daily, Except
end
Weekend
Reading in the
water-meter
GAR xxx Sanindusa Laboratory
DLn. 46/94
de 22/02
2900 n.a. m
3
/month n.a n.a n.a
Dissolved or
Emulsified
Hydrocarbons
SMEWW5520F g/l n.a n.a n.a
Oils and Fats SMEWW5520C mg/l n.a n.a n.a
Iron SMEWW3120B
Conductivity
After
Osmosis
Daily, Except
end
Weekend
Sanindusa g/l n.a n.a n.a
Domestic
Liquid Effluent
Volume
Water-
meter
Municipal
ETAR
(sanitation
)
Monthly
Reading in the
water-meter
GAR003 Sanindusa GA CMC (Inova) n.a.. m
3
-- -- --
pH Quarterly Electrometry n.a.. 6-9
Scale of
Srensen
Total Suspended
Solids (TSS)
Quarterly
Following
Filtration by
Drying and
gravimetry
n.a.. 60 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD)
Quarterly n.a.. 150 mg/l
Auxiliary
Parameters
Biannual n.a n.a. several
Flow Biannual n.a n.a. Nm
3
/h
Particulates Biannual n.a 300 mg/Nm
3
CO Biannual n.a 1000 mg/Nm
3
NOx Biannual n.a 1500 mg/Nm
4
Compounds
(TOC)
Biannual n.a 50 mg/Nm
5
Fluoride Biannual n.a 50 mg/Nm
6
Heavy Metals
(Pb, Cd)
Biannual n.a
Pb<5;
Cd<0,2
mg/Nm
7
CO
Nox
CO2
Semestrial
Instrumental
method
GAR023 e
GAR032
Sanindusa GA n.a
1000
1500
--
mg/Nm
8
-- -- --
INR - Institute of wastes ; DGE - General Direction of Energy EPA - American Norms ISO - International Norms
Instrumental
methods/ EPA/
NP/ ISO/EN
External Entity Puncture Quarterly
MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring of Environmental Parameters
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
Specifications / Conditions
Discharge
S
a
m
p
l
i
n
g

P
l
a
c
e
R
e
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

P
l
a
c
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
C
o
n
t
r
o
l

D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
/

N
o
r
m
/

I
T
CCDRC
CCDRC GA
Bulletin of
External
Essay
GAR022
Liquid Effluent
External
Report
GAR019
External Entity GA
Semester
Bulletin
of
analysis
(ext)
Until 60
Days After
the
Measurem
ents
Bulletin
of
analysis
(ext)
Laboratory --
License of
Use of the
Hydric
Public
Domain
L
e
g
a
l

R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

A
s
p
e
c
t
s
Technological
Water
Not
Applicable
(n.a.)
Sending of the Results
Industrial
Liquid Effluent
Exit of the
ETAR
Soil
E
x
e
c
u
t
a
n
t
External Entity
Gaseous
Emissions
DLn.
78/2004
Port
n.286/93 de
12 de Maro
CCDR - Commission of Coordination of Regional
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
Bulletin of
External
Essay
Air GAT003
EN - European Norms




2.16. NONCONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTION

EMAS REQUIREMENT:
The organisation shall establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility and authority for
handling and investigating nonconformance, taking action to mitigate any impacts caused and for initiating
and completing corrective and preventive action.
Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual and potential nonconformances
shall be appropriate to the magnitude of problems and commensurate with the environmental impact
encountered.
The organisation shall implement and record any changes in the documented procedures resulting from
corrective and preventive action.

How to do it: How it was implemented?:
In developing a plan for addressing a nonconformity, the organization consider what actions need to be taken
to address the problem (mitigate), what changes need to be made to correct the situation [to restore normal
operation(s)], and what should be done to prevent the problem from recurring [to eliminate cause(s)]
(ISO14004).
The register of such nonconformance include the cause, actions to correct the situation, corrective actions, the
timing of such actions, the responsible and the effectiveness of such actions.
Theses actions need to be appropriate to the nature and scale of the nonconformity and the environmental
impact.

When a potential problem is identified but no actual nonconformity exists, preventive action should be taken
using a similar approach. These preventive actions can be identified using methods such as extrapolating
corrective action of actual nonconformities to other applicable areas where similar activities occur, trend
analysis, statistical analysis; management review, suggestion of interested parties; legal requirement an and
legislation or other requirements.

In the case of Sanindusa 2 the procedure (GSP003) was integrated with the Quality, Environment and Heath
and Safety Management System. This procedure include nonconformity, corrective and preventive action and
improvement.

In the case of Maronagrs (Margrs) this requirement was integrated with the Quality Management System
(support process: PS-M03 and PS-M04), but was separated in two procedures (see M PS-M03 PRC 00.01 and
M PS-M04 PRC 00.01 in Annex 3).

For the first one, it was necessary to define the environmental inputs, such as:
- Nonconformances from Operational Control and Measuring and Monitoring;
- Nonconformances from external complain;
- Nonconformances from the system (environmental review and audits).

Maronagrs defined and implemented a different procedure to the management of preventive action and
improvement (M PS-MO4 PRC 00.01 in Annex 3).
The procedures describes the methodology followed by the ceramic industry to identify actual and potential
nonconformity(-ies), treat (and taking corrective and preventive action), investigation of the causes/origin and
correction of the non-conformance.

Examples of nonconformities can include:
Gaseous emissions, noise, water, wastewater or energy reduction targets are not achieved;
Operating criteria (e.g. permitted limits) are not met;
Results from audits;
Records analysis;
Legal requirement and other analysis;
Complains from interested parties;
Records required of progress on objectives and targets are not being kept;
Responsibilities are not assigned as required for an important function of the EMS, such as emergency
response;

If the actions result in changes to the EMS, they are communicated to all who need to know.




Undesirable
situation
The solution
was efficient?
yes
no
Detection of
nonconformity
Resolution of
nonconformity
Beginning of the
corrective action
Register of the
corrective actions
Determination of
the probable
causes
Implementation of
the proposal
solution
Conclusion of the
action
Register of the
following of the
corrective actions
Revision of the
corrective action

Figure 22 - Fluxogram of treatment of nonconformity

2.17. RECORDS

EMAS REQUIREMENT:
The organisation shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification, maintenance and
disposition of environmental records. These records shall include training records and the results of audits
and reviews.
Environmental records shall be legible, identifiable and traceable to the activity, product or service involved.
Environmental records shall be stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily
retrievable and protected against damage, deterioration or loss. Their retention times shall be established
and recorded.



Records shall be maintained, as appropriate to the system and to the organisation, to demonstrate
conformance to the requirements of this International Standard.

Records provide evidence of the ongoing operation and results of the EMS (ISO14004).
In both ceramics the environmental record control include the identification, legible, collection, indexing,
filing, storage, maintenance, retrieval and retention. All register have retention times for the records and
record them (official register like waste map, waste transport paper among others have the official register
time, that is five years). Maronagrs have an informatic program (ISI9000 developed by CTCV) to control the
records.
Some examples of environmental records include:
a) Information on environmental aspects of the ceramic industry;
b) Information on environmental indicator performance;
c) evidence of accomplishment of objectives/targets;
d) Information on applicable environmental laws and regulations;
e) permits, licenses or other forms of legal authorization;
f) Monitoring and measuring data;
g) Calibration and maintenance activities of the equipment;
h) Training records;
i) Decisions regarding external communication;
j) Information regarding contractors and suppliers;
k) results of operational controls;
l) details of nonconformities and corrective and preventive actions;
m) Audit results;
n) Results of management reviews.

2.18. EMS AUDIT

EMAS REQUIREMENT:
The organisation shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) and procedures for periodic environmental
management system audits to be carried out, in order to
a) determine whether or not the environmental management system
1. conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the
requirements of this International Standard; and
2. has been properly implemented and maintained; and
b) provide information on the results of audits to management.

The organisations audit programme, including any schedule, shall be based on the environmental
importance of the activity concerned and the results of previous audits. In order to be comprehensive, the
audit procedures shall cover the audit scope, frequency and methodologies, as well as the responsibilities
and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.

In the case of Maronagrs this requirement was integrated with the Quality Management System (see M PS-
M02 PRC 00.01 in Annex 4), and it was defined a work instruction to perform the system audit (including
quality and environment), the auditor qualifications and authority.
The Sanindusa 2 procedure - GSP002 describe the rules for conducting periodic environmental management
system audits and reporting results. It also includes the minimal qualifications to perform as auditor
(independent of the activity being audited, impartial view, qualifications on the environmental area,
experience and expertise in the environmental fied). The authority of auditors.

In both cases, the conducting of the audit may include several techniques and tools like ISO19011:2003,
checklist, observations, documents consulted.
The internal EMS audits can be carried out by personnel from the ceramic company, by external auditors
(consultant) or by a combination of both.



These audits have the purpose to:
Supply information to the top management on the conformity of the system to the applicable
normative references (ISO 14001 and EMAS) and orientations defined in the Environmental
Management;
Supply information if the management system has been properly implemented and maintained;
Detection of strengths and weaknesses in the management system
Evolution of the management system;
Develop information to modifying the design and operation of the EMS if its is the case;
provide opportunities for improving those procedures.
provide input to the conduct of the management review;
fulfill one or more objectives of the audit programme

The integrated procedure in the case of Sanindusa 2 has a particular item on the auditing programme
(according to the annex II of the EMAS regulation 761/2001), defining (besides the define for integrated
audit):
a) the objectives of each audit or audit cycle including the audit frequency for each activity;
b) Scope (areas covered; activities to be audited; period covered by the audit.);
c) Audit frequency.

The auditing programme is defined in GAL006 plan for Sanindusa 2.

Nomi nati on of
Auditors
Audits
No
Approval ?
Yes
Audit Program
Audit Pl an
Audit Report
Acti ons and
Eval uations
Records of
Nonconformance
Yes
No
Nonconfor-
mance?

Figure 23 - Fluxogram of audit program



External audits are made in order to the certification and the Certified Organisation is responsible for
executing.

2.19. MANAGEMENT REVIEW

EMAS REQUIREMENT:
The organisations top management shall, at intervals that it determines, review the environmental
management system, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. The management review
process shall ensure that the necessary information is collected to allow management to carry out this
evaluation. This review shall be documented.
The management review shall address the possible need for changes to policy, objectives and other elements
of the environmental management system, in the light of environmental management system audit results,
changing circumstances and the commitment to continual improvement.

How to do it? How it was implemented?:
In Maronagrs the management review is a process of the management system of quality and environment (
SG Q&A) and the procedure for environmental management review was integrated with the Quality
Management System (see M PS-D01 PRC 00.01 in Annex 4).
In the case of Sanindusa 2 the procedure include quality and heath and safety.

This review cover the environmental aspects of activities, products and services that are within the scope of
the EMS.
The EMS of both ceramic industries should be reviewed at least once a year in order to guarantee suitability,
adequacy, and effectiveness of the system. It is also analyse its integration with the overall management
system and its relationship to the current and anticipated regulatory legislations.

Inputs to the management review may include, among other information:
status of the objectives and targets;
evaluations of compliance with legal requirements and others;
results from monitoring and measurement;
performance of the environmental management system (integrated system);
results of environmental management system audits;
communication from interested parties (including complaints);
environmental legal requirements and other environmental requirements; different products, services or
activities; views of interested parties, that may conduct to changes in the EMS;
status of corrective and preventive actions;
accidents reports (environmental impacts from emergencies);
follow-up actions from previous management reviews;

Outputs from the review of the EMS may include decisions on:
strategic planning changes in the design and operation of EMS: changes to policy, objectives and other
elements of the EMS;
changes to resources (infrastructure, human and financial);
reports on the systems suitability, adequacy and effectiveness;
continual improvement.

2.20. ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED BY ORGANISATIONS IMPLEMENTING EMAS

2.20.1 Legal compliance
EMAS Requirement:
Organisations shall be able to demonstrate that they:
(a) have identified, and know the implications to the organisation of, all relevant environmental legislation;
(b) provide for legal compliance with environmental legislation; and
(c) have procedures in place that enable the organisation to meet these requirements on an ongoing basis.




How to do it? How it was implemented?:

As it was stated in legal and other environmental requirements the ceramics industries developed a
procedure to identified and maintain up-to-date the environmental requirements and other that the ceramics
organizations subscribes.
The main difficulties that were found in providing the legal compliance were:
Chimneys height, specially in the case of Maronagrs whose facilities were not very
recent so the height establish by the legal regulation (DL 352/90) was very difficult
to comply
The concentration of fluorine in the gaseous emissions, although it is a sectorial
problem, because the ceramic raw materials have fluorine in high variable amounts;
The environmental noise, specially in the case of Maronagrs, has the surrounding
human house growth after the Maronagrs facilities installations; Note that
Sanindusa 2 is located in an industrial zone, so that was not a problem;
Lack of legal qualified waste managers for some wastes, specially some dangerous
wastes;

2.20.2 Performance

EMAS Requirement:
Organisations shall be able to demonstrate that the management system and the audit procedures address the
actual environmental performance of the organisation with respect to the aspects identified from Annex VI.
The performance of the organisation against its objectives and targets shall be evaluated as part of the
management review process. The organisation shall also commit itself to the continual improvement of its
environmental performance. In doing so, the organisation may base its action on local, regional and national
environmental programmes.
The means to achieve the objectives and targets cannot be environmental objectives. If the organization
comprises one or more sites, each of the sites to which EMAS applies shall comply with all the requirements
of EMAS including the continual improvement of environmental performance as defined in Article 2(b).

As it was previous stated both ceramic industries analyze periodically their performance including :
the objectives and targets;
the management review process,
the audit process.

In the case of Maronagrs it was taken into account the ecological criteria for the award of the Community
eco-label to hard floor-coverings (European decision 2002/272/CE 25 of March). The decision applies to
the product group hard floor-coverings, which shall comprise the following hard products for
internal/external flooring use, without any relevant structural function: natural stones, agglomerated stones,
concrete paving units, terrazzo tiles, ceramic tiles and clay pavers.
The criteria include:

I 1) Water recycling ratio
100
Process the Exits Water Total
Recycled Water Waste

EMISSIONS TO AIR

Ceramic tiles
The total emissions to air of particulates for pressing, glazing and spray drying (cold emissions) shall not
exceed 5 g/m
2
.



The emissions to air for the firing stage only shall not exceed (according to the 2002/272/CE):
Parameter Hurdle [mg/m
2
] Test method
Particulates 200 ISO 9096
F 200 ISO/CD 15713
NO
x
2500 ISO 11564
SO
2
1500 ISO 7935

Some of the relevant Operational Performance Indicators that can be used in ceramic industry include:

Energy consumption
Indicators that gauge the specific energy consumption divided by a
reference amount (e.g. by unit of production) and the Gross Added Value
(GAV). Energy consumption is the sum of energy purchases and in-house
production of energy used (electrical and thermal), converted into
equivalent kilograms of petroleum (Kgep).

Energy cost
Indicator of direct energy costs per reference amount (e.g. by unit of
production) and by unit of GAV on an annual basis.

(source: IAPMEI, Benchmark index)
Gaseous emissions (I)
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases
Equivalent mass of CO
2
issued by reference amount (e.g. by unit of
production) and unit of GAV, calculated on the basis of total energy
consumption.

Gaseous emissions (II, III and IV)
Index of the quality of gaseous effluents, evaluated by the total mass-related
load discharged by the reference amount (e.g. by unit of production), broken
down separately by particles (II), sulphur dioxide - SO2 (III) and Nitrogen
oxides - NOx (IV).
Ci is the concentration of the pollutant in mg/Nm3 in the fixed source and
Q is the total effluent flow discharged per year.

Wastewater (I)
Index of the rejection of wastewater (liquid effluents) or quantity of sewage
water discharged by reference amount (e.g. by unit of production) and by
unit of GAV.

Wastewater (II, III e IV)
Index of the quality of wastewater, evaluated by the total mass-
related load discharged by the reference amount (e.g. unit of
production), broken down by SST (II), CQO (III) and CBO
5
(IV).
C
i
is the concentration of the pollutant in mg/l
Q is the total effluent flow discharged per year.


Annual Energy Consumption (Kgep)
Reference Amount
C =
Annual Energy Consumption (Kgep)
GAV
C =
Energy Costs
Reference Amount
Energy Costs
GAV
CO
2
Emission (t)
Reference Amount
Wastewater Discharged (m
3
)
Reference Amount
(C
i
x Q)
Reference Amount *1000
(C
i
x Q)
Reference Amount*1000000
CO
2
Emission (t))*1000
GAV
Wastewater Discharged (m
3
) *1000
GAV



Residues (I)
Indicator of total waste generated by reference amount (e.g. by unit of
production) and by unit of GAV.

Residues (II)
Index of the internal or external valorisation of waste, as a percentage of all
wastes generated.

Residues (III)
Indicator of the production of dangerous wastes by reference amount (e.g.
by unit of production) and by GAV.

Index of Water consumption
Sum of the volume of water consumed from various
different sources (public network, surface water,
subterranean water, other) by reference amount (e.g. by unit
of production) expressed in m
3
.

Water Recycling ratio
Ratio between Waste water recycled and total Waste water produced from
the production process.

Consumption of Materials
Indicator of the quantity of consumed materials in an activity or life-cycle
of a specific product, irrespective of its source, by the reference amount
(e.g. by unit of production) and by unit of GAV.

Renewal Factor
Indicator of the quantity of renewable materials consumed, irrespective of
their source, as a percentage of total materials consumed.

Index of the Dangerous Nature of Consumed materials
Indicator of the quantity of consumed materials classified as dangerous by
reference amount (e.g. by unit of production) and by unit of GAV.


Waste Generated (t) x 1000
Reference Amount
Valorised waste (t) x 100
Waste Generated (t)
Dangerous waste Generated (t) x 1000
Reference Amount
Dangerous waste Generated (t)
GAV
X 1000
Waste Generated (t)
GAV
X 1000
Water Consumption (m
3
)
Reference Amount
Waste water recycled (m
3
) x 100
Waste water produced (m
3
)
Water Consumption (m
3
)
GAV
X 1000
Consumed Materials (t)
Reference Amount
Renewable Materials (t) x 100
Dangerous Materials Consumed (kg)
Reference Amount
GAV
X 1000
Dangerous Materials Consumed (kg)
GAV




Environmental accidents and incidents (I)
Indicator of accidents or incidents with a relevant environmental impact
registered in a year, in relation to the number of days worked.

Environmental accidents and incidents (II)
Indicator of the impact of relevant environmental accidents or incidents
registered in a year.

Quality index (Complaints)
Indicator of the Environmental Complaints registered in a year, in relation
to the number of days worked and by unit of GAV.

Index of training
Indicator of the extent of education and training in the area of the
environment and energy.

Environmental prevention effort (I)
This indicator makes it possible to assess the effort made in the prevention
and reduction of pollution and the environmental impact, through
investments and costs incurred in the field of environmental
prevention.

(source: IAPMEI 2004, Benchmark index)

IAPMEI Instituto Portugus de Apoio s Pequenas e Mdias Empresas, has developed a project call
benchmark index, with the participation of CTCV and several ceramic industries. The above indicators were
used has benchmark tool designed in order to assess the organisations competitive positioning and highlight
its management capacity in the field of energy and the environment (E&E).

In that project, a set of management indicators (environmental and energy-related) has been adopted and
another set of operational performance indicators, including the most relevant environmental and energy
consumption parameters, with a large scope of application that may be used for the purposes of inter-sectorial
and intra-sectorial comparisons, in particular:
Management and Capacity Indicators. Enables the parameterization of qualitative aspects,
corresponding to management skills based on aspects such as organisation, structure and energy
and environmental management policy and practices. These indicators highlight management
efforts related to the attainment of a positive environmental and energy-related performance.
Operational Performance Indicators. Highlights the implementation of operational capacity and
describes the organisations performance in relation to specific aspects in the fields of the
environment and energy.
In addition to these parameters, another qualitative question was used:
Functioning indicators. Intends to identify the organisations functioning indicators, of a
qualitative nature, that cannot normally be classified in terms of best practices but may help to
explain the organisations positioning, in complement to capacity and performance indicators.

2.20.3 External communication and relations
EMAS Requirement:
Organisations shall be able to demonstrate an open dialogue with the public and other interested parties
including local communities and customers with regard to the environmental impact of their activities,
products and services in order to identify the publics and other interested parties concerns.

Maronagrs has performed several interview to local community in order to know the perception of
the environmental organization performance, the areas of improvement, the environmental
achievements;
Area covered by the incidents (ha)
Occupied Areas (ha)
no. of environmental accidents
no. of days worked
No. of hours of training in env. and energy x 100
No. of man hours worked
Environmental Costs
Annual Turnover
X 100
No. of environmental complaints
no. of days worked
No. of environmental complaints
GAV



Both ceramic industries send periodic questionnaires regarding environmental field, including the
environmental aspects of the supplier activities and the perception of the environmental;
Industries are available for visitors (from local community, regulators and general public) ;
Maronagrs often received students from universities to finish their graduations and a training
period;

2.20.4 Employee involvement
EMAS Requirement:
In addition to the requirements in Annex I Section A employees shall be involved in the process aimed at
continually improving the organisations environmental performance. Appropriate forms of participation
such as the suggestion-book system or project-based group works or environmental committees should be
used for this purpose. Organisations shall take note of Commission guidance on best practice in this field.
Where they so request, any employee representatives shall also be involved.


There were several forms to involve the employee in the EMS and in the organizations environmental
performance that include:
Questionnaire of employee satisfactions;
The environment manager/responsible is available to clarify and promote near the employees of the
ceramic organization, external information associated to the environment aspects, environmental
procedures and environment management system;
Suggestion box;
Information panels;
Information about complaints and how to solve the problems;
Training

The employee involvement is essential for the function of the EMAS and their advantages, otherwise the
SME tend to become bureaucratic and inadequate for the environmental protection.

2.21. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT

EMAS Requirement (article 2 and annex III point 3.2 ((a) to (g)):

The aim of the environmental statement is to provide environmental information to the public and other
interested parties regarding the environmental impact and performance and the continual improvement of
environmental performance of the organisation. It is also a vehicle to address the concerns of interested
parties identified as a result of Annex I Section B.3 and considered as significant by the organisation
(Annex VI, point 6.4). Environmental information shall be presented in a clear and coherent manner in
printed form for those who have no other means of obtaining this information. Upon its first registration and
every three years thereafter, the organisation is required to make available the information detailed under
point 3.2 in a consolidated printed version.


The Environmental Statement should be elaborated after each audit or cycle of audition and shall be available
to the public and other interested parties. It should be written in an understanding and simple way. All the
significant changes made since the last statement has to be referred.

The responsible person nominated by the top management of the ceramics industries should elaborate the
environmental statement on a yearly basis.

The environmental statement contains:

Description of ceramics activities, location, products, and other general information;
Environmental policy (included in the integrated policy);



General description of the EMS system developed;
Description of the significant direct and indirect environmental aspects which result in significant
environmental impacts of the organisation and an explanation of the nature of the impacts as related
to these aspects; a Brief of Emergency aspects;
Description of the environmental objectives and targets in relation to the significant environmental
aspects and impacts;
Summary of figures on raw materials and other consumption, water consumption; fuel (natural gas)
and energy consumption; gaseous emissions, waste generation, consumption of raw material,
energy and water, noise and other significant environmental aspects, as well as other factors
regarding environmental performance. These figures are presents in terms of indicators (pollutant
by unit of production). In the case of the tile industry the production unit is m
2
. The environmental
performance may also be compared with the legal requirement or other provisions (ecolabel in the
case of the ceramic tile manufacture).
the name and accreditation number of the environmental verifier and the date of validation.

The Environmental Statement is a document that has the purpose of inform/communicate all the relevant
environmental aspects to interested parties and the general public and demonstrate the continuous
improvement, ensuring an open communication.

2.22. VERIFICATION

The verification involves the examination of documentation, legal issues, on job visit, interviews with the
organization personnel, a report to the organisations environmental management system.
The purpose of the verification is to ensure that the environmental policy, the environmental management
system, environmental review and the auditing procedure comply with the EMAS requirements. The
verification process includes all the EMAS requirements (annex III) and the draft Environmental Statement
Information

Instituto Portugus da Qualidade is the accreditation body responsible for assuring the performance of the
EMAS verifying activities of the environmental verifier, being the Instituto do Ambiente the competent body
responsible, in the environmental area, to guarantee the organization registration under EMAS. They are
independent and neutral in the execution of their tasks.

The EMAS verifiers are organizations or persons that have qualifications in order to verify the requirements
and validate the environment statement.

In Portugal exist the following EMAS accredited verifiers:
APCER Associao Portuguesa de Certificao;
Lloyds Register Quality Assurance;
SGS ICS;
BVQI Portugal.

Only after the environmental statement is validated and the organization is register in EMAS by the
competent body (Instituto do Ambiente), may the organization environmental statement be publicly available.

2.23. REGISTRATION

The register in EMAS have to take several steps, described at the following chapters:
1. Implementation;
2. Verification and validation;
3. Register.

2.23.1 Implementation

In order to implement EMAS the organization as to:
Adopt an environmental policy that should include the engaged to an environmental
improvement and all the requirements;



Perform as environmental diagnostic;
Implement an EMS according to ISO 14001:1996;
Conduce an internal environmental audit;
Elaborate an environmental statement

2.23.2 Verification and validation

The external verification is done by an EMAS verifier that verify that the information is exact, not
misleading, well-founded, verifiable, relevant, appropriately used, representative of the environmental
behaviour of the organization, including the conformity of the policy, environmental diagnostic, the program
and the environmental behaviour.
The environmental statement has to be validated by the environmental verifier to ensure it meets the
requirements of Annex III (article 3).

If all the EMAS requirements are accomplish, by the organization, it will lead to the validation of the
Environmental statement.

2.23.3 Register
National competent body (Instituto do Ambiente) shall deal with the registration of organisations, after:
received the validation of the environmental statement of the organization;
received a completed form,
received any registration fee that may be payable according to Portuguese law (portaria
455/99 de 23 de Junho e o Despacho 15 115/02 de 3 de Julho for the K and H
parameters),
contact all the authorities, from the geographic localization of the company and other (eg
Inspeco Geral do Ambiente), in order to verify the compliance of the organization with
applicable environmental legislation;
If the organization meets all EMAS requirements the Competent Body will register and give a register
number to the organization, that will be registered in the European Union annual list of registered companies.

In order to maintain the register the company should verify the EMS and the audit program and send every
year to the Competent Body the updated Environmental Statement and make it available to public. Every
three years the organization should ask the Competent Body the renovation of the EMAS register. In Portugal
there are at the moment 25 companies registered with the EMAS system.



3 CONCLUSION

This third part of the study case involves the evaluation and conclusions of the EMAS implementation in the
ceramics organizations.
These part of the document includes:
Fundamental difficulties found during the implementation of EMAS;
Comments about the experience collected by the company during EMAS implementation;
Environmental improvements achieved by the company (results, benefits);
Experience collected during the implementation of EMAS;
Conclusions.

3.1. MAIN DIFFICULTIES

The main difficulties found during the EMAS implementation were already point out in chapter 2.20.2, about
issues to be addresses by organizations implementing EMAS.
They include both legal issues and other management and operational issues.
The main legal difficulties found include:

Chimneys height, specially in the case of Maronagrs whose facilities were not very
recent so the height establish by the legal regulation (DL 352/90) was very difficult to
comply
The concentration of fluorine in the gaseous emissions, although it is a sectorial problem,
because the ceramic raw materials have fluorine in high variable amounts;
The environmental noise, specially in the case of Maronagrs, has the surrounding human
house growth after the Maronagrs facilities installations; Note that Sanindusa 2 is
located in an industrial zone, so that was not a problem;
Lack of legal qualified waste managers for some wastes, specially some dangerous
wastes;

Figure 24 - Chimneys height in Sanindusa 2

The main difficulties found out in operational and management issues involve:
Employee all practices are difficult to change;
Lack of adequate training for some special tasks: ETAR management; dangerous waste
management;
Response to the environmental enquiry;
Data availability (data sheets on raw materials and other substances) are in a foreigner
language (not Portuguese);
Information on data from chimneys gaseous emissions, consumptions per activities;
among others.



Finally in both organizations the cost and time involved the concretisation of some legal aspects not adequate
to ceramic industry (chimney height, noise, etc).

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS ACHIEVED and EXPERIENCE
COLLECTED

The implementation of EMAS II in ceramic organisations can bring some benefits such as:

Control of the impact on the environment;
All environmental issues are controlled and addressed with specific procedures or work
instructions;
identification of applicable environmental regulations;
better quantification of emissions: gaseous emissions, waste production; liquid emissions, water
consumption;
marketing tool
employee participation;
Better internal communication/involvement/motivation;
systemic and integrate documentation, as the approach was integrated management systems;
compliance with the environmental legislation;

In addition the organizations are better organized and prepared for changes in legislation, having a better
relations with customers, local and wider community and regulator (CCDR, DRE, IA), avoiding penalities.
Improving the company image and though increasing the investor confidance (specialy relevant in the case of
Maronagrs).

Some of the specific questions, achievements and good environmental practices are point out bellow.

3.2.1 Maronagrs
The main specific aspects regarding environmental improvements, and good practises reached by Maronagrs
during the implementation of the environmental management system according to EMAS were (besides the
ones described above, in the objectives and operational control, etc):

Gaseous emissions

In these field Maronagrs acquire an Gaseous
emissions treatment device for fluorine emissions. It
is a cascade bed filter with CaCO3 used to treat the
fluorine and chorine gaseous emissions from the Kiln.
It is considered a BAT best available technique in
the ceramic field, in the context of IPPC integrated
prevention and pollution control.

Figure 25 - Fluorine treatment device



Noise Reduction/control

This is a major investment as the
noise was one of the
environmental aspects that was
more field by the interested
parties.
The measures include several
mechanical alteration, machine
and equipment enclosure (dust
cleaning devices) including
acoustic absorbent materials.

Raw materials and energy
The reduction of the amounts of energy and raw materials consumed via process optimization.

Wastewater control

Rehabilitation of wastewater treatment facility

Figure 26 - General Wastewater treatment facility

Waste management
The waste management was improved including:
the selective collection of wastes produced (broken ware, sludges, paper, plastic,
used oil, metals, batteries, toner cartridges, spray, domestic wastes, etc);
adequate site for dangerous wastes (impermeable site and access restricted);
adequate site to temporary storage of wastes produced;
adequate containers to liquid substances (e.g. oils)




Figure 27 - Selective containers and site for dangerous wastes

Figure 28 - Sludges

The increase of waste valorisation (above 90%).

3.2.2 Sanindusa 2

Some of the good environmental practices used in Sanindusa 2 include ((besides the ones described above, in
the objectives and operational control, etc):

Raw materials and energy
The reduction of the amounts of energy and raw materials consumed via process optimization.
Use of natural gas in substitution of propane gas (GPL), provided by LNG storage tank .




Figure 29 - LNG storage tank

Gaseous emissions

Monitoring all chimneys to know the composition of the gaseous emissions.

Wastewater control
The domestic effluent was collected to the municipal collector to be treated in a municipal wastewater
treatment facility.
Regarding the industrial effluent, the wastewater treatment facility was adequate, so special focus was given
in recycling treated effluent to the industrial facilities.

Waste management
Regarding waste management several improvements occurs namely:
Selective collection of wastes produced;
Waste selective area;
Waste valorisation;
Chemical substances container;




3.3. CONCLUSIONS

In general for both organizations it can se said that EMAS is a powerful tool for environmental management
and industry sustainability, proving a better organization in the environmental field and a improvement in the
environmental behaviour.
The ceramic organizations acquired experience in:
assessing activities and their impact of the environment,
waste handling, final destiny and incorporating legal duties,
environmental aspects training,
developed procedures and work instructions to control significant environmental aspects;
objectives and targets to improve the environmental behaviour,
developed a emergency plan to act in case of environmental accident;
top management commitment and support the success of EMAS implementation,
water recycling,
minimizing environmental accidents,
better internal communication, involvement and motivation,
Full compliance with the environmental legislation and be more prepared for changes in
legislation.
Some economical advantages are also point-out regarding water, energy and some raw material saving, and
indirect saving in the .
Specially in the case of Maronagrs improvements in the relations with local community are also highlighted.

Coimbra, February 2005

Marisa Almeida
Unidade de Energia e Ambiente
Centro Tecnolgico da Cermica e do Vidro




4 ANEXES

4.1. Annex 1 Panning

Environmental policy of Maronagrs;
Environmental policy of Sanindusa 2;
Maronagrs procedure M PS-R06IT 00.01/02 - Identificao e Classificao dos Aspectos
Ambientais
Maronagrs environmental aspects
Maronagrs - IT PS-R01 IT 03.01 - Gesto dos Documentos

4.2. Annex 2 Implementation and operation (Do):
Maronagrs - Descrio de Posto de Trabalho
Internal communication placards (examples)
Information brochures (examples)
Quality and environment system management M PS-R01 PRC 00.01
Environmental aspects management M PS-R06 PRC 00.01);
Waste management - M PS-R06/RES PRC 00.01
Maronagrs work instruction M PS-R01 IT 03.01
M PS-R06/RES IT 02.04 - IT Gesto de resduos da cozedura;
Wastewater - M PS-R06/OAA MOP 03.01 -
Questionnaire to product suppliers - PS-R03: purchase management.
M PS- R06 PL01.15 Incndio;
model report form for accidents, emergency or periodic training.

4.3. Annex 3 Checking and corrective action (Check):
Monitoring Plan for Wastewater emissions (M PS-R06/OAA PL 03.01);
Maronagrs procedures M PS-M03 PRC 00.01;
Maronagrs procedure M PS-M04 PRC 00.01.

4.4. Annex 4 Management Review (Act):
Maronagrs procedure M PS-M02 PRC 00.01 - audit management
Maronagrs procedure M PS-D01 PRC 00.01.- Management review

CaseStudy-Ceramic Industry PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CaseStudy-Ceramic Industry PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ETIV EMAS Technical Implementation and Verification Page 1 of 80

CASE STUDY Implementation of EMAS in Ceramic Industry

S-ar putea să vă placă și