Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
6, NOVEMBER 2006
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I. INTRODUCTION
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Fig. 2. Current and voltage waveforms with hysteresis current control when
0.
i >
Fig. 3. Current and voltage waveforms with hysteresis current control when
0.
i <
. Here,
is the reciprocal of the
for the period
switching frequency .
From (6) and (7) the overall time period for one complete
switching transition can be calculated as
(8)
Substituting (2) into (8), the expression for phase a hysteresis
current band can be written as
(2)
(9)
2) Operation During the Negative Interval of : The operation of the hysteresis current controller over one switching cycle
during the negative interval of is shown in Fig. 3.
From (5), this can be expressed mathematically as
(4)
(10)
Subtracting (1) from (2) and substituting (3), one can write
can be neglected,
, and
(5)
1) Operation During the Positive Interval of : The operation of the hysteresis current controller over one switching cycle
during the positive interval of is shown in Fig. 2.
From (5), this can be expressed mathematically as
(6)
for the period 0
(11)
for the period
.
Similarly the expression for phase a hysteresis current band
can be written as
(12)
Since is sinusoidal and in phase with , the hysteresis current
band for the whole line voltage cycle can be written in a uniform
format as
, and
(7)
(13)
The relationship between hysteresis band and switching freis governed by (13). When the hysteresis band is
quency
fixed as in conventional hysteresis current control, the switching
frequency will be varying. For a desired switching frequency
on the other hand, if the hysteresis band is calculated using
(13), the constant switching frequency operation can be ensured.
Such varying hysteresis band for a fixed frequency operation is
evidenced in Fig. 8. The upper limit of the hysteresis band can
ultimately be selected by the tolerance level of the input current
to low frequency harmonics.
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TABLE I
DC BUS MIDPOINT VOLTAGE v
AT VARIOUS SWITCHING POSITIONS
is
(15)
From (3), the current error
into two parts as [5]
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram for phase a of the variable hysteresis band current
controller.
(16)
is non-interacting error and
is interacting error.
where
Hence, (15) can be separated into two sections, as follows:
(17)
(18)
only depends on the corresponding
Equation (17) shows that
, similar to (5). Hence, current non-interacting error
voltage
can be treated in the same way as the error
in the case
of the capacitive mid point
connected to ground. One can
also notice that the three-phase interacting errors are the same
.
it is necessary to determine
, which deTo determine
pends only on
. However, the voltage
is determined
by the supply phase voltages and bidirectional switching patat various switching
terns. Table I illustrates the voltage
positions.
III. CONVERTER IMPLEMENTATION
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the proposed variable
hysteresis band current controller when the capacitive mid point
is floating. Due to its simplicity, easy implementation, and
popularity of this kind of technique, the rest of the work only
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Fig. 5. Variable hysteresis band current controller schematic for microprocessor implementation.
Fig. 7. Rectifier supply current and current error for variable hysteresis band
current control.
Fig. 6. Rectifier supply current and current error for conventional fixed hysteresis band current control.
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Fig. 12. Rectifier supply current under 50% rated output power. (a) Current
waveform. (b) Current FFT.
Fig. 10. Rectifier supply current FFT for conventional fixed hysteresis band
current control.
Fig. 11. Rectifier supply current FFT for variable hysteresis band current control.
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Fig. 13. Rectifier supply current under 150% rated output power. (a) Current
waveform. (b) Current FFT.
Fig. 15. Rectifier supply current under rated output power (experimental). (a)
Current waveform. (b) Current FFT.
Fig. 16. Rectifier supply current and voltage under rated output power.
voltage for good PF, both waveforms are captured online using
a Fluke-43 power quality analyzer as shown in Fig. 16. The online readings show a unity displacement factor with a high input
PF of 0.99, and very little reactive power.
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Fig. 17. Rectifier supply current under 50% rated output power (experimental).
(a) Current waveform. (b) Current FFT.
Fig. 19. Rectifier supply current under 150% rated output power (experimental). (a) Current waveform. (b) Current FFT.
Fig. 18. Rectifier supply current and voltage under 50% rated output power.
Fig. 20. Rectifier supply current and voltage under 150% rated output power.
shown in Fig. 18. From the online Fluke meter readings, one can
see that the rectifier input PF is still high at 0.98. The reduction
of PF is mainly due to increase in distortion of the supply current
waveform at light load as is evident in Fig. 17(b). The displacement factor is still at 1 and no phase shift between voltage and
current occurs.
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