Zinc Phosphate Cement:

1. Used as Luting cement, temporary restorations

2. Luting of orthodontic bands and brackets
3. Available in powder and liquid form, (Capsule form)
4. Properties:
i) Compressive Strength: 103.5 MPa (stronger than zinc oxide eugenol but
not as strong as silicophosphate.
ii) Tensile Strength: Is weaker in Tensile strength (5.5 MPa) hence brittle.
iii) Modulous of elasticity: Is comparitively high (13.5 Gpa), this makes it
stiff and resistant to elastic deformation.
iv) Thermal Properties: Good thermal insulator, effective in reducing
galvanic effects.
v) Biological Properties: Pulp response moderate. Acidity is high at time of
insertion due to phosphoric acid, ph reduce to 3.5 and to neutrality in 24
to 48 hours.




Zinc Phosphate Cement:


as Luting cement, temporary restorations
Luting of orthodontic bands and brackets.
Available in powder and liquid form, (Capsule form)
Compressive Strength: 103.5 MPa (stronger than zinc oxide eugenol but
not as strong as silicophosphate.
ile Strength: Is weaker in Tensile strength (5.5 MPa) hence brittle.
Modulous of elasticity: Is comparitively high (13.5 Gpa), this makes it
stiff and resistant to elastic deformation.
Thermal Properties: Good thermal insulator, effective in reducing
Biological Properties: Pulp response moderate. Acidity is high at time of
insertion due to phosphoric acid, ph reduce to 3.5 and to neutrality in 24


Compressive Strength: 103.5 MPa (stronger than zinc oxide eugenol but
ile Strength: Is weaker in Tensile strength (5.5 MPa) hence brittle.
Modulous of elasticity: Is comparitively high (13.5 Gpa), this makes it
Thermal Properties: Good thermal insulator, effective in reducing
Biological Properties: Pulp response moderate. Acidity is high at time of
insertion due to phosphoric acid, ph reduce to 3.5 and to neutrality in 24

Cavity Varnish:




1. Is a solution of one or more resins which when applied onto the cavity
walls, evaporates leaving a thin resin film, that serves as a barrier between
the restoration and dentinal tubules.
2. Composition: Natural gum such as copal, rosin or Synthetic resin dissolved
in an organic solvent like alcohol, acetone or ether.
3. Medicinal agents such as chlorbutanol, thymol and eugenol may be added.
some varnish contains flourides.
4. neither possess mechanical strength nor thermal insulation because of thin
flim thicknes.(2 to 400um)
5. When applied on enamel inhibits uptake of flourides.







Calcium Hydroxide cement (Dycal):


1. Commonly employed as direct or indirect pulp capping agents.
2. For apexification procedures in young permanent teeth where root
formation is incomplete.
3. Calcium hydroxide reacts with salicyl
chelate.(amorphous calcium disalicylate)
4. The cement is alkaline in nature.
5. The high alkalinity and its consequent antibacterial and protein lysing
effect helps in formation of reparative dentin.








Calcium Hydroxide cement (Dycal):
Commonly employed as direct or indirect pulp capping agents.
For apexification procedures in young permanent teeth where root
formation is incomplete.
Calcium hydroxide reacts with salicylate ester to form a
chelate.(amorphous calcium disalicylate)
The cement is alkaline in nature.
The high alkalinity and its consequent antibacterial and protein lysing
effect helps in formation of reparative dentin.

Commonly employed as direct or indirect pulp capping agents.
For apexification procedures in young permanent teeth where root
The high alkalinity and its consequent antibacterial and protein lysing
Mercury and silver alloy:




1. An amalgum is defined as a special type of alloy in which mercury is one of
the components.
2. Mercury is able to react with other metals to form a plastic mass, which is
conveniently packed into a prepared cavity in a tooth.
3. Silver decreases the creep
4. increases the strength, tarnish resistance, and expansion on setting.



Formocresol:


1. Formocresol pulpotomy technique first advocated by Sweet in 1930.
2. contains 19% formaldehyde, 35% cresol, 15% glycerine.
3. Buckleys solution 1:5 conc of formocresol solution.
4. It prevents tissue autolysis by bonding to protein.
5. this is reversible process and is accomplished without changing basic over
all structure of protein molecules
6. Acts as a fixative
7. possibly a carcinogenic or mutagenic
8. 83.8 % success rate


Fixed Habit Breaking Appliance with tongue spike:


1. Used to stop control tongue thrusting
2. in cases of open bite due to tongue thrust
3. depending on severity of open bite, 4-9 months may be required for
autonomous correction of malocclusion
4. A modified crib is used in case of posterior open bite by lateral tongue
thrust
5. crowns and bands are adapted on first permanent molar, and a lingual bar
is adapted
6. After base bar is fabricated, 4 v shaped projections (crib) is formed
extending downward to a point near cingulam of mandibular incisor are
made and is soldered to the base.




Stainless steel crown:(primary)

1. Is a semi-permanent restoration used in the primary and young permanent
teeth.
2. Was introduced as Chrome steelcrown by Humphery in 1950.
3. Used to achieve biologically compatible component of mastication, and
clinically acceptable restoration.
4. To maintain the form, function and where possible the vitality of tooth.
5. types: Untrimmed crowns, pretrimmed crowns, precontoured crowns.


Polycarbonate Crowns:

1. Polycarbonate crowns are temporary crowns given as fixed prosthesis to
deciduous anterior teeth which will get exfoliated in future.
2. contraindicated in severe bruxism, deep bite, Excessive abrasion
3. they save time, easy to trim and easily adjustable with pliers.












Professionally Applied Topical Fluoride gel (APF):
1. Topical fluorides include toothpastes, mouth rinses, and fluoride
treatments in the dental office.
2. Types include Gel, Varnish, and Foam.


(gel form)Higher patient acceptability compared to foam
Acidulated phosphate fluoride APF (pH 3.5) = 12,300 ppm Fluoride or 2.0%
NaF (pH 7.0)= 9040 ppm Fluoride .
4 minute application time
Bad taste, less patient acceptability.(foam form)








Luting Cement: (GIC I)


1. Useful for luting indirect restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges as
well as orthodontic appliances.
2. Good flow characteristics, low flim thickness.
3. Anticariogenic property due to flouride release.
4. Tensile strength and abrasion resistance similar to zinc phosphate cement.
5. Tensile strength of luting GIC is only 2 to 4 MPa.
6. The freshly mixed cement has good thixotropic flow.


Strip Crowns:

1. These are crown forms which are filled with composite and bonded on the
tooth and the crown form is then removed.
2. Most commonly used for deciduous tooth
3. Easy to repair
4. For extensive or multisurface caries in primary teeth
5. For anterior restoration
6. Fractured primary teeth following trauma
7. Congenitally discoloured primary incisors,
8. Amelogenesis Imperfecta


Pit & Fissure Sealants:

1. Acts as aphysical barrier to prevent decay.
2. indicated in newly erupted primary molars and permanent bicuspids,molars
3. (Helioseal) The sealant closes up the retention niches where bacteria live
and cuts off the carbohydrate supply that sustains them.
4. the smooth surfaces produce
5. Is available as Helioseal F and Clear(with & without Flouride)







For anterior restoration
Fractured primary teeth following trauma
Congenitally discoloured primary incisors,
elogenesis Imperfecta.
Sealants:(HELIOSEAL)

aphysical barrier to prevent decay.
indicated in newly erupted primary molars and permanent bicuspids,molars
The sealant closes up the retention niches where bacteria live
and cuts off the carbohydrate supply that sustains them.
the smooth surfaces produced with the sealant are easy to keep clean.
Is available as Helioseal F and Clear(with & without Flouride)
indicated in newly erupted primary molars and permanent bicuspids,molars
The sealant closes up the retention niches where bacteria live
keep clean.