SUBMITTED BY:ANJANA .S .

V
INTRODUCTION
Curriculum is the tool in the hands of an artist (teaching) to mould his
materials (pupils) according to his ideals (aims) in his audio studio (school).It
consist of everything that promotes the learners intellectual, personal, social,
physical development. IT includes lessons extracurricular activities including
approaches to teaching, learning and assessment, quality of relationship with
school, values in the school.
It has been brought out in the chapter captioned as
Education Aims The Indian Concept that Indian educators laid great
emphasis on curriculum formation for the achievement of educational values
and educational aims determine the curriculum of education and thus the
curriculum becomes practical aspect of the educational system adopted by the
society and the nation .
Education has to integrate the to processes the individual
process and the social process . In the former sense, it is identical with
individual growth and the development of the latent power in the child. From
the later point of view, it is identical with socialisation adjustment of
environment and imbibing of culture. Both the process are integrated.
While education is a process curriculum is a means to the
process while education is learning, curriculum signifies situations for learning
.While education deals with how and when curriculum deals with what.
While education is the product curriculum is the plan.



TYPES OF CURRICULUM

1) Teacher centered curriculum
2) Activity centered curriculum
3) Differentiated curriculum
4) Undifferentiated curriculum
5) Core curriculum
6) Invisible curriculum
7) Chid centered curriculum

















OBJECTIVES OF THE CURRICULUM
To draw out cultivate ,excite ,and inspire the full development of
each students
To create an atmosphere in which students will learn to think
critically and constructively and seek truth and solve problems
To help students in establishing values through intimate
acquaintance with the humanities the arts, natural sciences , the
social sciences and religion
To develop the character of students integrity ,honesty
,judgement, co operation friendliness and good will
To prepare men and women for citizenship in a democratic society
where freedom and liberty go hand in hand with law and justice
and where responsibility ,national and international , is a
characteristics of the individual
To meet the needs not only of more students but of students with
wide range of ability aptitude and interests











PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION

1) Principle of need
The curriculum should meet the varying needs of
the pupils
2) Relation with life
Only those subjects should be including in the
curriculum. Which are directly relevant to actual living because
of its irrelevant to the actual living conditions of children . The
old and prevalent curriculum is under heavy fire
3) Utilizing creative and constructive powers
Those subjects should be assigned prominent place
in the curriculum which develop the creative and constructive
capacities and abilities of children .
Raymont rightly says In a curriculum that is suited to
the needs of todays and of the future , there must be
definite bias towards definite bias towards definite creative
subjects
4) Principle of balanced curriculum
There should a balanced curriculum in every aspect
that is balance between direct and indirect experiences , liberal
and professional education ,individual and socio aims ,
compulsory and optional subjects etc
5) Principle of proper organisation
There are many ways of organisation the curriculum ,
the best being the direct method and unit method . The
curriculum should be organised in such a way that the topics
may easily be interchanged not only with the grade to grade
6) knowledge of culture and civilization
Those subjects, activities and experiences should be
included in the curriculum which convey to the children the
knowledge and understanding of their culture values and
civilization . The curriculum should preserve and develop
culture and civilization
7) Utility
Curriculum should include those subjects, activities
and experiences which are useful to the present as well as
the future life of children . Irrelevant and useless material
should find no place in the curriculum. The dead wood in the
present curriculum should be removed and replaced by
needful and relevant materials.
8) Principles of readiness
The curriculum should be based on sound principles of
learning. It should match to the stage of the students mental
development.
9) Principle of correlation with other subjects
The curriculum should have vertical as well as
horizondal correlation and should also be related to matters of
daily life .



10) Principle of conservation
while constructing the curriculum those topics which help in
preservation and transmission of culture and civilization should
be included.
11) Principle of elasticity and variety
The curriculum should provide for great individual
differences in order to meet variety tastes and abilities of the
pupils























CONCLUSION
The curriculum should be constructed in
accordance with the needs, requirements, conditions and
aspiration of society so that qualities of sociability and
citizenship are inculcated in each child. The curriculum should
contain language, arithmetic, health education, physical
education, social studies, general science, subjects to enable
children to earn livelihood, Experimental arts music and such
other socially useful subjects which develop the individual side
by side with the society.
National council for educational research and
training during the last many years of its existence has come up
with three different National curriculum frame work during the
year 1986, 2000 and 2005 .This document currently provides
the frame work for making syllabus, the text books and
teaching practices within the school education programs in
India.











REFERENCE
Education and Human development - Shashi Prabha Sharma
Education of Human values Tilak Raj Bhardwaj
Thought and Language Vygotsy .l
Michael Apple Ideology and Curriculum