Practice

Personal Pronouns
Types of Nouns
Nouns
Nouns name a:

person
place
animal
thing
THING includes:
all objects that we can
see, hear, taste, touch &
smell
something that we can
think of, but cannot
perceive by sense
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
Collective Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Countable Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
Gender Nouns
Number Nouns
Name given in
common to every
person/ thing of
the same
class/kind !!
Name of some
particular person
or place.
EXAMPLE: Sita = proper noun while girl = common
noun

* Kolkata = proper noun while city= common noun !
IMPORTANT:
Capitalization
Pronunciation
Name of a
collection of
persons or
things taken
together
Example:

Fleet collection of ships
Army- collection of soldiers
Crowd- collection of people
Jury- collection of judges
Herd- collection of cattle
Bunch- collection of keys/
grapes
Pride- collection of lions
Flock- collection of sheep.

IMPORTANT:
Reduces
redundancies
Name of a
quality, action or
state !
Formed from:
Adjectives:
Kind- Kindness
Honest- Honesty
Verbs:
Obey- Obedience
Grow- Growth
Common Nouns:
Child- Childhood
Slave- Slavery
IMPORTANT:
Proper conversion
Promotes sentence
construction
Form abstract nouns from the following adjectives/verbs/ common
nouns:

1. Long 2. Wide 3. Sweet 4. Ignore

5. Move 6. Discover 7. Protect 8. Free

9. Mother 10. Author 11. Pirate 12.
Owner

13. Deep 14. Laugh 15. Patriot 16.
Vacant

17. Quick 18. Punish 19. Friend 20.
Strong
Nouns that we
can count!
Nouns that we
CANNOT count!
EXAMPLE: Books, pens, apples, boys,
doctors,
Horses, etc
EXAMPLE: Milk, oil, sugar, gold, honesty,
etc.
(They are basically substances and abstract
nouns)
IMPORTANT:
Proper Usage
Masculine
gender
Feminine gender
Neuter gender
(for inanimate
nouns)
ACTIVITY: Convert the following nouns into their feminine gender:

1. Man 2. Gentleman 3. Host 4. Poet

5. Hero 6. Fox 7. Peacock 8. salesman

9. Waiter 10. Priest 11. Nephew 12.
Master

13. Prince 14. Founder 15. Sir 16. Horse
IMPORTANT:
Proper Usage
Singular
Nouns
Plural Nouns
EXAMPLE: Boy
Cow
Tree
Book

EXAMPLE: Boys
Cows
Trees
Books

IMPORTANT:
Proper Conversion
Facilitates sentence
understanding
I. Add s to the singular form
Example: Boy = boys Desk= Desks Cow=cows

II. Add -es to nouns ending with s, -sh, -ch or x
Example: Class= classes Dish=dishes
Box=boxes



III. Some nouns change into plural form by changing the
inside vowel of the noun
Example: Man= men Mouse=mice Foot=feet
IV. Most nouns ending with o take -es in the plural
form
Example: Potato=potatoes Hero=heroes Cargo=cargoes
!!!But, few nouns ending with o take only s in the plural
form
Example: Logo= logos Ratio=ratios photo=photos Kilo=kilos
V. Nouns ending with f or fe are changed by
replacing the f with v and adding es after
Example: Thief= thieves wife=wives life=lives
self=selves


!!!However a few f or fe ending nouns take just s in
the plural.
Example: Proof= proofs cliff=cliffs chief=chiefs
VII. Some nouns are the SAME in their singular and plural
form.
Example: Deer
Hair
Sheep
Series
Salmon
Aircraft
VI. Nouns ending in y are changed by replacing y
with I and adding es after.
Example: Baby=babies City= cities Lady=ladies
Story=stories
Used instead of
the noun
First person I/ we
my/ mine/ our/ ours
me/ us
Second person You
your / yours
Third person He/ she/ it/ they
His/ her/ hers/ its/ their/ theirs
Him/ her/ them
IMPORTANT:
Proper Usage to replace the
noun
Fill in the appropriate personal pronoun.

1. The horse fell and broke ______________ legs. (its/ his)
2. He deserved this punishment, as he knew________________.
(it/this)
3. That idea of ________________ is excellent. (you/ yours)
4. Those beggars are idle.____________ refuse to work for their
living. (It/ they)
5. Sita helps her mother in household work. ___________ also does
her lesson. (it/ she)
6. The fleet will reach ___________ destination in a week. (his/ its)
7. Hari brought _______ (him/his) book and placed __________
(him/it) on the table.
8. If the thief is caught, ____________ will be punished. (it/ he)
9. Karim has lost ____________ (its/ his) dog and cannot find
__________. (him/ it)
10. Neither Abdul nor Karim has done __________ (his/ their) lesson.
PEER GROUP PRESSURE
As childs grow older, it become increasingly involved with there peer group,
a group whose members are about the same age and have similar interests.
The peer group along with the family and the school is one of the three
main socializing agents. However, the peer group is very different from the
family and the school. Whereas Parents and Teachers have more power than
childs and students, the peer group is made up of equals.

The adolescent peer group teaches their members several
important things. First, they teaches them to be independent from adult
authorities. Sometimes, this can mean that peer group can teach their
members to go against authorities and adults to ignore home and school
rules and even to break the law. Most teenagers though rebel only by making
fun of older peoples in a harmless way. Second, they teaches social skills
how to get along with other peoples. Third, the peer group teaches their
members the values of friendship among equals.

Peer groups often develop distinctive subcultures with their own
values, language, music, dress and heroes. Adolescents, in particular tend to
believe in the same things as their friends, talk the same way, dress the
same, listen to same music and like & dislike the same TV stars and other
celebrities. Their may be a considerable difference between these interests,
behaviors and values and those of there parents and teachers.

Adolescent peer groups frequently differ from Parents and Teachers in what
they value, whereas parents and teachers tend to place great importance on
school achievements, peer groups are likely to think that popularity, social
leadership & athletic achievements are more important.

This differences not necessarily mean that parents and teenagers will fight
and argue. In fact, most youngsters are friend-type with there mothers and
fathers. They simply engage in different types of activities work and task
activities with parents but play and recreation with peers. They are inclined to
seek advice from parents on financial, educational, career and other serious
matters. With there peers, it are not more likely to discuss social activities
such as which boy or girl to date and what clubs to join.
Peer group members look to each other for approval instead of
relying on there own personal beliefs. Doing what everyone else is doing is
more important than being independent and individual. Early adolescents are
more willing to accept this conformity and so it is most deeply involved with
peer groups. As young people grow into middle and late adolescents, its
involvement with peers gradually declines because of its growing importance.
When they reach the final year of high school, they tend more to adopt adult
values, such as wanting to get good grades and good jobs.