GLOSSAKY.

1329
OKTHoanAPnT. (Gr. Op6os, right, and rpa(/)a;, I describe.) The elevation of a bviilding show-
ing all the parts in their proper proportions
; it is either external or internal. The first
is the representation of the external part or front of a building showing the face of the
principal wall, with its apertures, roof of the building, projections, decorations, and all
other matters as seen by the eye of the spectator, placed at an infinite distance from it.
The second, commonly called the section of a bailding, shows it as if the external wall
were removed and separated from it.
In geometry, orthogi-aphy is the art of representing the plan or side of any object, and
of the elevation also of the principal pmrts : the art is so denominated from its etymology,
because it determines things by perpendicular right lines falling on f ne geometrical plan,
or because all the horizontal lines are straight and parallel, and not, as in perspective,
oblique.
Orthosttle. a columnar arrangement, the columns being placed in a straight line.
Osculating Circle. That, the radius of whose curve, at any particular point of anotlier
curve, is of the same length as that of the curve in question at that particular point.
Hence it is the kissing circle, and that so closely that there is no difference in the cur-
vature of the two curves at that particular point.
OuNDY, or Undy Moulding. A moulding with a wavelike outline.
Feefff.
1383.
Out and In Bond. A Scotch term for alternate header and stretcher in quoins, and ia
window and door jambs.
Outer Doors. Those common to both the exterior and interior sides of a building.
Outer Plate. See In.ner Plate.
Outline. The line which bounds the contour of any object.
Out of Winding. A term used by artificers to signify that the surface of a body is that
of a perfect plane
;
thus when two straight edges in every direction are in the s<iine plane
they are said to be out of winding.
Out to Out. An expression used of any dimension when measured to the utmost bounds
of a body or figure.
OuTWAKD Angle. The external or salient angle of any figure.
Ova. (Lat.) Ornaments in the shape of an egg, into which the echinus or ovolo is
often carved.
Oval. A geometrical figure, whose boundary is a curve line returning into itself; it
includes the ellipsis or matliematicai oval, and all figures resembling it, though with
difft rent properties.
Overhang. See Batter.
OvERisTORT. The ckar- or clerestory of a building.
OvoLO. (Ital.) A convex moulding whoso lower extremity recedes from a perpendicular
line drawn from the upper extremity.
Oxidation. The corrosion of iron by the atmosphere. Paint is one of the best preserva-
tives, renewed as necessary. Lime-whiting is another; and latt-ly it has been urged
to pickle the wrought iron in dilute sulphuric acid, so as to remove the scaly oxide
before painting.
Pace A portion of a floor slightly raised above the general level : a dais. It is also
applied to a landing in a staircase ; its prefix, half ov quarter, determines the size of it.
See also Measure.
Packing. Small stones imbedded in mortar, used to fill up the interstices between tiie
larger stones in rubble work.
Paddle. A small sluice, similar to that whereby water is let into or out of a canal lock.
Pagoda. A name given to the tall pyramidal structure of several stones, forming one of
the peculiar features of Chinese architecture. It is said to be derived from the Ilindoo
word dagoba.
Painted Glass. Glass painted with ornaments or pictorial representations, and then put
into a kiln and the paint burnt in. See Stained Glass, with which it is sometimes used
in painted windows.
Pai>teh. An artificer who combines the knowledge of colours and the application of them
to decorative purposes.
Painter's Work. The work of painting, with different coats of oil colour and turpentine,
the parts of a building usually so treated.
Pair. As one-pair, two-pair, &c., story. See Floor, and One-pair.
Palace. (Lat. Palatium.) In this country, a name given to the dwelling of a kin^; '>r
queen, a prince, and a bishop. On the Continent, it is a term in more general use,
almost all large dwellings of the higher nobility and government offices being so
denominated. A palace is properly an edifice destined not only for the residence of the
sovereign or piince, but for the reception also of persons who have the privilege
off
ublic or
4Q