27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.

fr 1
European and Global
Business Environment :
Images of Demographics and
Economical globalisation
Christophe Benavent
Professor University Paris
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 2
!orld "odern #istory
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 3
$actors of globalisation
T Theory of comparative advantage Ricardo) the non mobility
hypothesis
S Explaining International specialization
T World as a region (Krgman) and the attraction la! the mobility
hypothesis
S "cale economies
S The geographical economy
T The dynamic of innovation
S #ommnication and Information $ no barriers to the diffsion of
innovation
R %oining the technology frontier ( &ass edcation)
R &oving the technology frontier ( 'niversity edcation)
T (estion of externalities
S learning externalities
S agglomeration
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 4
%he comparative advantage
la&
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 5
'e mod(le de %edlo& )scale
economy*
(I)Marchs
fra!ents
(II)Marchs
nationa"#
(III)Marchs
se!ents
(I$)%&oba&isation
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr '
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 7
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr (
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr )
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 10
Population density
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 11
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 12
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 13
Economic $lo&s
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 14
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 15
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 1'
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 17
%he triad )+,,,*
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 1(
Development process
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 1)
-ituation of today
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 20
%o&ard +,+.
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 21
Globali/ation 0 trade
International trade in goods, 2005
T China
S Exports)*+,--Imports)/0,01Trade Balance2/,10
T European Union
S Exports-+-,21Imports0342,0*Trade Balance5+2,1-
T Japan
S Exports)/),14Imports4+/,--Trade Balance11,1)
T United States
S Exports*2-,/)Imports022+,23Trade Balance5)-+,++
T Selon l!conomiste am!ricain "aul #$ %rugman, &uatre nou'eaut!s ma(eures
caract!risent l)!'olution du commerce international depuis 25 ans$
S 6e commerce intra5branches7
S 6e d8copage de la prodction de valer a9ot8e en diff8rents liex (exemple$ l:ordinater dont les
composants sont fabri;8s en diff8rents endroits)7
S 6:8mergence de pays <sper commer=ants< dont la fonction principale est la vente en l:8tat o apr>s ne
petite transformation ("ingapor? @ongAong? et assi dans ne certaine mesre? l:Irlande? la Belgi;e o la
&alaisie)7
S 6:8mergence d:exportations de prodits manfactr8s venant de pays C bas salaires vers les pays riches,
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 22
1 vie& of global trade
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 23
International trade
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 24
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 25
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 2'
But small countries are really
international
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 27
Cost of communication
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 2(
Diffusion of innovation and
transports
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 2)
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 30
Income distribution : &orld
evolution
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 31
-ome business 23D effort
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 32
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 33
Income of U- #ousehold
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 34
Distribution of Income for
Bra/il
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 35
Case of france
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 3'
Case of Indonesia
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 37
Evolution of Ine4ualities in
!estern Countries
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 3(
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 3)
#appiness
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 40
EUropean map
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 41
!ealth disparities
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 42
European budget : spending
5+, billions euros
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 43
2evenue : 657+89 G:P
27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 44
Decision process