Application of Methods of Westernmost Point and Multi Reference Point in

Determining Zone-Based Prayer Time : A Study in Selangor

Mohd Paidi Bin Norman, Prof.Dato.Dr.Mohd Zambri Zainuddin, Dr. Saadan Man
Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Tel : 01336909!. "mel : a#ai$norman%&ahoo.'om , naidinid%(mail.'om
A!stract
The time of a #arti'ular )alat mu)t be in order for a Mu)lim to be able to #erform it )o that it *ill
not be #erformed before it) )ti#ulated time. The e''entri'it& of the "arth+) orbit and the
in'lination of it) a,i) alter the time of a #arti'ular )alat e-er& &ear. ./01M ha) e)tabli)hed the
Time Zone 2on'e#t for the time of )alat *ith )#e'ifi' term) and 'ondition) ba)ed on all 3one).
S'ientifi'all&, t*o t&#e) of te'hni4ue) are u)ed to )#e'if& the time of )alat 5 the 6e)t7mo)t Point
Te'hni4ue and the Multi#le 8eferen'e Point Te'hni4ue. Thi) )tud& *a) 'ondu'ted in order to
'om#are ea'h te'hni4ue) ba)ed on the 'al'ulation bet*een the -ariant )ettin() #oint) and the
effe't on the time of )alat for 013 of Selan(or. 8e)ear'h found that the Multi#le Point te'hni4ue
i) more a##ro#riate method in fi,atin( the time of )alat be'au)e it re#re)ent) the *hole entire
3one.
0e&*ord) : Pra&er Time Zone 2on'e#t, Multi#le 8eferen'e Point, 6e)ternmo)t Point.
.
"# $ntroduction
9Ta)&ir: i) a term for ea)ine)) in 1)lam, hel#) ./01M to emanate the Time Zone
2on'e#t *herea) the #re'i)e )alat time in one+) 3one i) ba)ed on a fi,ated #la'e in the
#arti'ular 3one and ha) been a(reed b& the 1)lami' /))o'iation of the )tate it)elf to a't a)
a referen'e #oint in determinin( the e,a't and #re'i)e time of )alat. Thi) initiati-e *a)
introdu'ed in order to a-oid an& mi)'on'e#tion or di)'re#an'ie) *hen fi,atin( the time
of )alat in e-er& )tate in Mala&)ia. Before the Time Zone 'on'e#t been introdu'ed, ba';
then, mo)t of the time of )alat *ere to be ba)ed on different #la'e), either a 'it& or a
'olle'tion of -illa(e
1
. <o*e-er, )u'h indi'ator 'ant be u)ed be'au)e of the e,i)ten'e of
1
Md /dnan bin Md Daud =t.t>, 9Pen&elara)an 6a;tu Solat Di Mala&)ia:, ./01M.
-illa(e) in one+) 'it& that re)ult in different time of )alat. Thu), ha-in( the Time Zone to
determine the time of )alat hel#) Mo)lem to 'he'; the 'orre't time ba)ed on their 3one.
The di)tribution 3one) #ra&er need) to ta;e into a''ount -ariou) fa'tor) )u'h a)
the #o)ition of the Sun, a) *ell a) the )i3e and )ha#e of the )urfa'e of an area in'luded in
the #re)'ribed 3one uniform bet*een ea'h other. /lthou(h the method of fi,in( a #ra&er
3one -erified b& State reli(iou) authoritie), but it )till need to refer to )#e'ifi' 'riteria )et
b& ./01M. /mon( the 'riteria are

:
=i> "a'h #re)'ribed #ra&er time 3one )hould not e,'eed minute).
=ii> / referen'e )tation 3one mu)t be *ithin the 6e)t in the 3one.
=iii> <i(hland area) )u'h a) hill) and mountain), or i)land) that ha-e )e#arate
time 3one
3
.
Zone t*o => minute) mean) the differen'e bet*een "a)t and 6e)t for a 3one i) le)) than
or e4ual to minute). Minute) re)olution i) a referen'e to the flat for a 1 #.m. #ra&er
'&'le), a normal #er)on. The minute) ha-e been a##ro-ed b& the ma?orit& of the mufti
*ho re#re)ented the State) in Mala&)ia, a) it hardl& affe't) the tahrim =the banned> #ra&er
in addition to ta;in( into a''ount the intere)t) and -irtue) of #ra&er in the be(innin( of
time
@
. <o*e-er, there are t*o => method) u)ed in Mala&)ia in determinin( the referen'e
(uide in a matter of #ra&er in a 3one *hi'h i) the mo)t5 6e)ternmo)t Point method) and
Multi#le 8eferen'e Point method).
%# Prayer Time Zone related issues
1f )een in Aeneral, the)e 3one) #ra&er u)ed at #re)ent are )till not unified *ith ea'h other
and the im#ro-ement) to be done )o that 'onfu)ion to #ra& fa'in( Mu)lim) o-er'ome
immediatel& and a) )oon a) #o))ible. Thi) in'on)i)ten'& ma& be due to different
(eo(ra#hi'al fa'tor) bet*een an area or 3one. Aenerall&, an area or a 3one i) di-ided b&
2
1t *a) de'ided b& the Te'hni'al 2ommittee <i?ri 'alendar, 1)lami' /ffair) Di-i)ion =B/<"1S>.
3
Mu)tafa Din Subari dan Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =011>, 96a;tu Solat Setem#at : Satu Pemurnian
0e#ada 6a;tu Solat Bera)a);an Zon:, Persidangan Muakarah !alak "0##.
4
Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =00!>, 9Pen&elara)an 1hti&ati Dalam 6a;tu Solat : Pandan(an Te;ni;al:.
Muakarah $a%atankuasa &eknikal Kalendar Islam, 0uala Teren((anu.
State, di)tri't or di)tri't) ba)ed on the (eo(ra#hi'al 'ondition) of the area. 1n the #a)t,
)ettlement) more 'on'entrated in urban area), to*n) and -illa(e) in the heart of a re(ion,
a) 'om#ared to the border area be'au)e mo)t of the area i) fore)t area. Pra&er time) for
border area di)tri't or 3one not )o dealt *ith be'au)e mo)t of them ha-e not been
e,#lored a) *ell a) the ab)en'e of re)ident) *ho li-ed in the area). Thu) the i))ue of
du#li'ation #ra&er time in the border area ha) not ari)en at the time.
<o*e-er, the total number) of Mala&)ian) are (ro*in( in tandem *ith the ra#id
de-elo#ment in the 'ountr&. Thu), man& ne* area) in'ludin( border area fir)t e,#lored
ea'h di)tri't to be u)ed a) re)idential area). 1t indire'tl& re4uire) re-ie* #ra&er time) for
ea'h 3one in #arti'ular 3one) had a #o#ulation in the border area. 8e)ident) *ho
remained in the border area bet*een 3one) *ill e,#erien'e 'onfu)ion due to the
differen'e in the time of referen'e, althou(h ?u)t be)ide the area. 1n addition, the
differen'e) bet*een "a)t and 6e)t in a 3one ma& e,'eed minute) due to it) lar(e
inter-al. Bor e,am#le, the real da*n on De'ember 01 for 0uala Can(at i) !.!1 am,
but had to *ait until !.!! am for #ra&er) be'au)e it refer) to the referen'e )tation Ba(an
Na;hoda Dmar
!
.
&# The Practice 'f Prayer Time Zone $n Selangor
The State of Selan(or i) one of the State) that ma;e u# the 'ountr&. 1t i) lo'ated
on the 6e)t 'oa)t of Penin)ular Mala&)ia, it border) Ne(eri Sembilan to the South, Sil-er
on the "a)t and the Strait) of Mala''a on the 6e)t )ide, and ha) an area of area of E10@
;m. The State 'on)i)t) of 9 di)tri't) of Saba; Bernam, 0uala Selan(or, 0lan(, 0uala
Can(at, Se#an(, <ulu Can(at, Petalin(, Aomba; and <ulu Can(at. The method u)ed in
the determination of #ra&er time) ba)ed on the 3one i) the mo)t 6e)tern Point method,
*hi'h )ele'ted referen'e )tation *a) a )tation in mo)t of the 6e)t 3one are 'al'ulated.
5
Nurul /)i;in 2he Daud, Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =01>, 9Penambahbai;an Zon73on 6a;tu Solat Di
Mala&)ia Men((una;an 0aedah 1)otime:. Mesyuarat '(n)(n *aktu +(lat +eluruh Malaysia, Bili;
Me)&uarat S&ura 1C1M, Ban(i, Selan(or.
Ba)ed on the re)ult) of the 2oordination Meetin( Time 3one) throu(hout the
'ountr&, the #ra&er time) for the *hole of Selan(or ha) )et a total of t*o => the 3one
Zone 1 ="a)tern> 'om#ri)in( the Di)tri't of <ulu Selan(or, 8a*an(, <ulu Can(at,
Petalin( and Se#an(, Shah /lam, *here it i) ba)ed on the 'oordinate) of the referen'e
Aedan()a Filla(e, *hile 3one =6e)t> 'on)i)t) of Saba; Bernam, 0uala Selan(or, 0lan(
and 0uala Can(at *ho ba)ed on the 'oordinate) of the referen'e to*n of Ba(an Na;hoda
Dmar =BND> in Saba; Bernam
6
.
(# Western Points Method
Thi) method i) u)ed offi'iall& for man& State) in'ludin( Selan(or. Point or
)ele'ted referen'e )tation i) on the 6e)t )ide of a 3one. Thi) i) be'au)e the mo-ement of
the )un ri)in( in the "a)t and )et) in the 6e)t )ide e-er& da&. 6hen the )tation in the 6e)t
made referen'e to a matter of time, it a))ume) that the *hole of the 3one ha) al)o been
time for Salaat. Thi) mean) that #eo#le in the Middle "a)t an area ha-e to *ait a *hile to
the *e)tern #art of the 'he';7in time for the obli(ator& #ra&er).
Bor )tud& in thi) method, the re)ear'her )ele't) the referen'e #oint u)ed b& the
Selan(or Mufti De#artment and .abatan 0ema?uan 1)lam Mala&)ia =./01M> in
'al'ulatin( the #ra&er 'alendar. The 'oordinate) of )ele'ted #oint) i) the mo)t 6e)tern
#oint i) lo'ated *ithin ea'h 3one 'al'ulated. Bor Zone 1, the 'oordinate) of the referen'e
#oint )ele'ted i) Aedan()a *hi'h i) lo'ated at latitude 3 G @@ H n and lon(itude T 101 G 3
H, *hile the 'oordinate) of the to*n of BND lo'ated latitude I 3 G @6 H and lon(itude T
100 G !3 H, *a) 'ho)en a) a referen'e #oint for 3one
J
.
6
6an 0amel 6an <u))ain =00J>, 9Penentuan 6a;tu Solat K Zon 6a;tu:. +eminar !alak +yarie "00,,
1NSTIN.
7
./01M =01>, 9Zon73on 6a;tu Solat Seluruh Mala&)ia:. Mesyuarat Penyelarasan '(n)(n *aktu +(lat
+eluruh Malaysia, Bili; Me)&uarat S&ura 1C1M, Ban(i, Selan(or.
)# Multiple reference point method
Thi) method i) a method that re4uire) a fe* dro#) or )ele'ted to be u)ed a)
referen'e. Thi) i) be'au)e the #oint or the mo)t )tation 6e)t i) not ne'e))aril& the mo)t
end #oint for Salaat
E
. /) i) ;no*n, the "arth i) 'ir'ulatin( around the Sun b& leanin( on
it) orbital #lane. 1f )een from the #oint of the mo-ement of the Sun all &ear round, found
the mo-ement of the Sun are e,#erien'in( 'han(e) in the #ath *here there i) )un)et time
lead) to the North 6e)t and at time) lead) to the South 6e)t.
Thi) i) a relati-e of the #o)ition of the earth around the Sun in tilted 3.! G in it)
a,i)
9
. 2han(e) in the #o)ition of the Sun re)ulted in #oint or referen'e the end of 'he';7in
time) -ar& a''ordin( to the form of the 3one and the )ea)on. Bor the #ur#o)e) of the )tud&
u)in( thi) method, re)ear'her) ha-e 'ho)en )ome referen'e #oint around the
'ir'umferen'e, re#re)entin( the total ea'h di)tri't in Zone 1 and 3one . The 'oordinate)
for e-er& #oint earned from (oo(le earth, i) )ele'ted at random, *here the #ra&er time)
for e-er& #oint *ill be 'al'ulated, and the mo)t #oint) in final #ra&er time be ta;en to be
a referen'e #oint for the 3one Mar4ue) it re#re)ent).
)" Multiple Point Zone "
Tempat *atitud *ongitud
+ulu *angat
Bu;it 8e#in
0(.Seri Ma'an(
Po&on(
Serdan( Cama
3G16+
G!+
3G3+
3G00+
101G!+
101G!@+
101G!9+
101G@3+
Sepang
0.Se#an(
0(.Tanah Ciat
8e3ab S(.Buah
IPM
G3!+
G!E+
G!+
3G00+
101G@3+
101G3!+
101G@E+
101G@3+
Petaling
8
/bdul <alim bin /bdul /3i3 =011>, 90a?ian Ter#erin'i 6a;tu76a;tu Solat Dalam Bebera#a Zon Di
Mala&)ia:, Persidangan Muakarah !alak "0##.
9
Baharrudin Zainal =00@>, Ilmu !alak -disi Kedua, 0uala Cum#ur : De*an Baha)a Dan Pu)ta;a, 60.
IPM
Bu;it 2aha&a
0(.Tanah Ciat
Taman De)a .a&a
3G00+
3G1+
G!E+
3G13+
101G@3+
101G6+
101G3!+
101G3E+
,om!a-
Bu;it 8e#in
A. Bun(a Buah
S(.Semun(;in
T(.8e)am
3G16+
3GJ+
3G9+
3G@+
101G!+
101G@6+
101G@9+
101GE+
+ulu Selangor
B;t.< 0lan(
A. Bun(a Buah
/
0(.Seri 0eledan(
3+36+
3GJ+
3G36
3G@J+
101G!0+
101G@6+
101G+
101G19+
Table 1 : 8eferen'e #oint) 1 Zone for Multi#le 8eferen'e Point Method
)% Multiple Point .one %
Tempat *atitud *ongitud
/uala *angat
0(.0o;on
0(.Tamba; Pantai
0(.Tanah Ciat
S(.Cabu
G!+
G3E+
G!E+
G@E+
101G1J+
101G36+
101G3!+
101G@1+
/uala Selangor
B;t Tare;
B
0em.D
0(.0ubu Aa?ah
0(.Tamba; .a*a
3G9+
3G36+
3G9+
3G1+
3G10+
101GE+
101G+
101G6+
101G30+
101G19+
/lang
<.B;t.0am#a)
0(.Tamba; .a*a
0(.Tanah Ciat
Pulau Pintu Aedon(
3G1+
3G10+
G!E+
G!3+
101GJ+
101G19+
101G3!+
101G1@+
Sa!a- Bernam
Ba(an S(.Calan(
B
0em.D
"
S.Beriam
3G!1+
3G36+
3G9+
3G@+
3G!+
100G@9+
101G+
101G6+
101G1+
100G!J+
Table : 8eferen'e #oint) Zone for Multi#le 8eferen'e Point Method
0# The 1indings
0" Zone "
Bor 3one 1, 'ertain di)tri't) ha-e e,#erien'ed dela& #ra&er time) if 'om#ared *ith
#ra&er from ;(. Aedan()a. /mon( the di)tri't) in-ol-ed are Petalin( *ho )uffer from
dela&ed ma(hrib and i)&a H in .anuar&, No-ember and De'ember, da*n in .ul& and /S8
in /u(u)t and Se#tember. Be)ide) Petalin(, Aomba; di)tri't al)o e,#erien'ed a dela&
time of i)&a H in .anuar& and da*n in ma&, .une and. Se#an( di)tri't i) al)o not e,em#t
from diffi'ultie) dela& the time namel& the i)&a H in .anuar& and da*n in Ma& and .une.
.
Tari-h
/g,edangsa Petaling ,om!a- Sepang
Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya
10 .an 19:0 0:3@ 19:1 0:3! 19:0 0:3@ 19:1 0:3!
11 .an 19:1 0:3@ 19:1 0:3! 19:1 0:3! 19:1 0:3!
1 .an 19:1 0:3! 19: 0:3! 19:1 0:3! 19:1 0:3!
13 .an 19: 0:3! 19: 0:36 19:1 0:3! 19: 0:36
1@ .an 19: 0:3! 19: 0:36 19: 0:36 19: 0:36
1! .an 19:3 0:36 19:3 0:36 19: 0:36 19:3 0:36
16 .an 19:3 0:36 19:3 0:3J 19:3 0:36 19:3 0:3J
1J .an 19:3 0:36 19:@ 0:3J 19:3 0:3J 19:3 0:3J
1E .an 19:@ 0:3J 19:@ 0:3J 19:3 0:3J 19:@ 0:3J
19 .an 19:@ 0:3J 19:@ 0:3E 19:@ 0:3J 19:@ 0:3J
0 .an 19:@ 0:3J 19:! 0:3E 19:@ 0:3J 19:@ 0:3E
Table 3 : Zone 1 area ",#erien'in( Dela& Time 'om#ared to Aedan()a 0(.
"a'h of the di)tri't) in-ol-ed ha-e e,#erien'ed dela& #ra&er of one =1> minute in
'om#ari)on to #ra&er ;(. Aedan()a and <ulu Selan(or. Thi) mean) that the re)ident) in
the affe'ted di)tri't) i) li;el& to #erform #ra&er) out)ide. Thi) time dela& )ituation *ill
be'ome more )eriou) if it in-ol-e) the ma(hrib a) e,#erien'ed di)tri't of Petalin(,
be'au)e it in-ol-e) #ra&er and fa)tin( durin( 8amadan, *hi'h indire'tl& *ill 'an'el fa)t
the& man throu(hout the da& a) brea;in( before time.
1f the 'al'ulated differen'e bet*een the mo)t 6e)tern and mo)t "a)tern in Zone 1,
the differen'e of time earned i) four =@> minute). The differen'e thi) time 'an be )een in
the #ra&er meetin( timetable 'al'ulated in ma&, .une and .ul&. To obtain the -alue of the
differen'e thi) time, re)ear'her) ha-e refer) to #ra&er )ubdi-i)ion) =I G ! H, e 101 G !@
H> re#re)entin( the area "a)t and <ulu Selan(or =I 3 G @J H, e 101 G 19 H> re#re)entin( the
*e)tern area in Zone 1. Pra&er in <ulu Selan(or then re?e'ted *ith #ra&er in <ulu Can(at
to allo* for differen'e) in the time a-ailable. The differen'e thi) time i) 'learl&
in'on)i)tent *ith the 'riteria of 3one t*o => hour) )ti#ulated b& ./01M ihti&ati ba)ed on
the 'on'e#t of time a) ma& be a(reed b& the State mufti
10
.
Tari-h
+ulu *angat
0(.Seri Ma'an(
=I G!, T 101G!@+>
+ulu Selangor
0(.Seri 0eledan(
=I 3G@J+, T 101G19+>
Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya
1 .un 19:19 0:3@ 19:3 0:3E
.un 19:19 0:3@ 19:3 0:3E
3 .un 19:19 0:3@ 19:3 0:3E
@ .un 19:0 0:3@ 19:3 0:3E
! .un 19:0 0:3! 19:@ 0:39
6 .un 19:0 0:3! 19:@ 0:39
J .un 19:0 0:3! 19:@ 0:39
E .un 19:0 0:36 19:@ 0:@0
9 .un 19:1 0:36 19:@ 0:@0
10 .un 19:1 0:36 19:! 0:@0
Table @ : The differen'e Bet*een "a)tern and 6e)tern /rea) Zone 1
1f )een from the #oint of the -alue of the differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Zone
1, found the -alue of the differen'e bet*een the ma,imum and minimum i) latitude !! H
=ar' minute)>, *hile the -alue of the differen'e bet*een the ma,imum and minimum
lon(itude i) @0 H =ar' minute)>. Thi) differen'e in latitude and lon(itude i) 4uite lar(e and
i) li;el& to 'au)e the -alue of differen'e) to #ra& for the #oint of "a)tern and 6e)tern in a
3one more than the ran(e of 3one =t*o> minute).
Catitud Con(itud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.JE333G
.E666JG
101.9E333G
101.3166JG
Be3a =ar;a minit> !!+ @0+
10
Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an(, (p./it.
Table !.1 : Differen'e of latitude and lon(itude ma,imum and Minimum Bor
Zone 1
To o-er'ome the dela& thi) time, re)ear'her) #ro#o)e that 3one 1 ado#tin( the
method of Multi#le referen'e #oint =multi#le referen'e #oint> than the Point) 6e)t, *hi'h
in'lude) the entire 3one. 6hile to o-er'ome the )i3e of a relati-el& lar(e 3one 1 a'hie-in(
four =@> minute), re)ear'her) #ro#o)e that 1 Zone i) di-ided into three =3> 3one), *here
the Di)tri't of <ulu Selan(or re#re)entin( the 3one 1.1, 1. Zone en'om#a))e) the
di)tri't) of Petalin( and Aomba;, <ulu Can(at and Se#an( i) #la'ed in a different 3one
namel& 3one 1.3.
Zon "" Zon "% Zon "&
<ulu Selan(or
Petalin(
Aomba;
Se#an(
<ulu Can(at
Table 6: brea;do*n of Pro#o)ed Di)tri't Bor Zone 1
0"" Zone ""
Tari-h
+ulu Selangor
B;t. <. 0elan(
=I 3G36+, T 101G!0+>
+ulu Selangor
0(.Seri 0eledan(
=I 3G@J+, T 101G19+>
Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya
1 .un 19:0 0:3! 19:3 0:3E
.un 19:1 0:36 19:3 0:3E
3 .un 19:1 0:36 19:3 0:3E
@ .un 19:1 0:36 19:3 0:3E
! .un 19:1 0:36 19:@ 0:39
6 .un 19:1 0:3J 19:@ 0:39
J .un 19:1 0:3J 19:@ 0:39
E .un 19: 0:3J 19:@ 0:@0
9 .un 19: 0:3J 19:@ 0:@0
10 .un 19: 0:3E 19:! 0:@0
Table J: Time Differen'e of "a)tern and 6e)tern Zone 1.1
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.JE333G
3.@J000G
101.E3333G
101.3166JG
Be3a =ar;a minit> 0+ 31+
Table J.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude ma,imum and Minimum Bor the 3one 1.1
0"% Zone "%
Tari-h
,om!a-
Bu;it 8e#in
=I 3G16, T 101G!+>
Petaling
Bu;it 2aha&a
=I 3G1+, T 101G6+>
Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya
1 .un 19:0 0:3! 19:1 0:36
.un 19:0 0:3! 19: 0:36
3 .un 19:0 0:3! 19: 0:3J
@ .un 19:0 0:3! 19: 0:3J
! .un 19:1 0:36 19: 0:3J
6 .un 19:1 0:36 19: 0:3J
J .un 19:1 0:36 19:3 0:3E
E .un 19:1 0:36 19:3 0:3E
9 .un 19:1 0:3J 19:3 0:3E
10 .un 19: 0:3J 19:3 0:39
Table E: Time Differen'e of "a)tern and 6e)tern Zone 1.
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.1!000G
.9666JG
101.E666JG
101.@3333G
Be3a =ar;a minit> 11+ 6+
Table E.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude ma,imum and Minimum Bor Zone 1.
0"& Zone "&
Tari-h
+ulu *angat
Po&on(
=I 3G3, T 101G!9+>
Sepang
0(.Tanah Ciat
=I G!E+, T 101G3!+>
Maghri! $sya Maghri! $sya
1 .un 19:19 0:3@ 19:0 0:3!
.un 19:19 0:3@ 19:1 0:3!
3 .un 19:19 0:3@ 19:1 0:36
@ .un 19:0 0:3@ 19:1 0:36
! .un 19:0 0:3! 19:1 0:36
6 .un 19:0 0:3! 19:1 0:36
J .un 19:0 0:3! 19: 0:3J
E .un 19:0 0:36 19: 0:3J
9 .un 19:1 0:36 19: 0:3J
10 .un 19:1 0:36 19: 0:3E
Table 9: Time Differen'e of "a)tern and 6e)tern Zone 1.3
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.0!000G
.!E333G
101.9E333G
101.!E333G
Be3a =ar;a minit> E+ @+
Table 9.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Bor ma,imum and Minimum Zone 1.3
0% Zone %
Bor 3one , )tudie) ha-e )ho*n that 'ertain di)tri't) ha-e e,#erien'ed dela&) in
#ra&er if )een from the #oint of differen'e in time *ith the to*n of Ba(an Na;hoda Dmar
=BND>. Pra&er time) for Saba; Bernam method Multi#le referen'e #oint =multi#le
referen'e #oint> e,#erien'ed a dela& time of one =1> minute 'om#ared to the to*n of
BND a) )een on 11, 1! and 19 .une 013. The Di)tri't of 0lan( i) al)o amon( di)tri't)
that *ere affe'ted b& thi) #roblem, *hi'h 'an be )een on ! Ma& to 6 .une, at *hi'h time
the Ba?r late one =1> minute 'om#ared to da*n for BND To*n.
Tari-h
B2' Sa!a- Bernam 3multiple point4
Zohor $sya Zohor $sya
9 .un 13:1J 0:@ 13:1E 0:@
10 .un 13:1J 0:@ 13:1E 0:@
11 .un 13:1E 0:@ 13:1E 0:@3
1 .un 13:1E 0:@ 13:1E 0:@3
13 .un 13:1E 0:@3 13:1E 0:@3
1@ .un 13:1E 0:@3 13:19 0:@3
1! .un 13:1E 0:@3 13:19 0:@@
16 .un 13:19 0:@3 13:19 0:@@
1J .un 13:19 0:@@ 13:19 0:@@
1E .un 13:19 0:@@ 13:19 0:@@
19 .un 13:19 0:@@ 13:0 0:@!
0 .un 13:0 0:@@ 13:0 0:@!
Table 10: Dela& Time ",#erien'ed Bor Saba; Bernam =multi#le #oint> than BND
1n addition, the differen'e bet*een the t*o di)tri't) of du); *a) a total of four =@>
minute) a) ha##ened a fe* da&) in .une and .ul&. Thi) mean) that re)ident) of the Di)tri't
of 0lan( ha-e to *ait for four =@> minute) for the brea;in( of fa)t from du);H)
)ub)tanti-e. 1t indire'tl& en'r&#t) the lo'al Mu)lim) be'au)e 1)lam or(ani3e) iftar =#ua)a>
at the be(innin( time a) hadith the Pro#het P"/2" B" IPDN <1M *hi'h mean):
0!r(m +ahl i1n Muhammad radhiyallahu2anhu, that the Pr(phet 3+A*4 said, pe(ple
have al%ays 1een in 5av(ur s( l(ng as they hasten the time (5 1reaking0.
3Mutta5a6un 2 alaih4.
/) the Di)tri't of 0lan(, 0uala Can(at di)tri't i) al)o fa'in( the )ame #roblem, in
.une and .ul& *here differen'e du); a total of four =@> minute), in addition to )ufferin(
from dela&ed one =1> minute at da*n. Multi#le method referen'e #oint or(ani)ed to
o-er'ome the dela& thi) time.
Tari-h
B2' /lang /uala *angat
Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya
1 .un !:@1 19:! 0:39 !:@ 19: 0:3J !:@1 19:1 0:36
.un !:@1 19:! 0:@0 !:@ 19: 0:3J !:@1 19: 0:36
3 .un !:@1 19:! 0:@0 !:@ 19: 0:3J !:@ 19: 0:3J
@ .un !:@1 19:6 0:@0 !:@ 19: 0:3J !:@ 19: 0:3J
! .un !:@1 19:6 0:@1 !:@ 19:3 0:3E !:@ 19: 0:3J
6 .un !:@ 19:6 0:@1 !:@ 19:3 0:3E !:@ 19: 0:3J
J .un !:@ 19:6 0:@1 !:@ 19:3 0:3E !:@ 19:3 0:3E
E .un !:@ 19:6 0:@1 !:@ 19:3 0:3E !:@ 19:3 0:3E
9 .un !:@ 19:J 0:@ !:@ 19:3 0:39 !:@ 19:3 0:3E
10 .un !:@ 19:J 0:@ !:@ 19:@ 0:39 !:@ 19:3 0:39
Table 11: Dela&) and differen'e) of The Di)tri't of 0lan( and 0uala Can(at 2om#ared
BND
The differen'e bet*een "a)tern and 6e)tern area) *ere found to be too lar(e for
a 3one in *hi'h the -alue of the differen'e rea'he) )i, =6> minute). Thi) 'an be )een in
the du); at to 3 .une, 1)haa at 10 to 1@ .ul&, and da*n in .anuar&. The -alue of thi)
differen'e i) lar(e enou(h to allo* #eo#le in #ra&er terbataln&a "a)t 3one be'au)e
#ra&er) out)ide. Bor e,am#le the ea)tern area re)ident) *ho later do Ba?r at rmJ.0 am
*ill be )olatn&a be'au)e )&uru; time =mar;ed the 'on'lu)ion of da*n> #riorit& for the
area i) J: 16 a.m. =refer to 1 .anuar& 013>. Due to the lar(e time differen'e al)o )ho*)
that the #ra'ti'e of #ra&er 3one #ra'ti'ed in 3one ha) e,'eeded the -alue of time for a
3one that i) t*o => minute).
Tari-h
/uala *angat
S(.Cabu
=I G@E+, T 101G@1+>
Sa!a- Bernam
Ba(an S(.Calan(
=I 3G!1+, T 100G@9+>
Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya
@ .an !:!6 6:0
! .an !:!J 6:0
6 .an !:!J 6:03
13 .un 19: 19:E
1@ .un 19: 19:E
1! .un 19:3 19:E
16 .un 19:3 19:E
1J .un 19:3 19:E
1E .un 19:3 19:9
19 .un 19:@ 19:9
0 .un 19:@ 19:9
1 .un 19:@ 19:9
.un 19:@ 19:30
3 .un 19:@ 19:30
10 .ul 0:@ 0:@E
11 .ul 0:@ 0:@E
1 .ul 0:@ 0:@E
13 .ul 0:@ 0:@E
1@ .ul 0:@ 0:@E
Table 13: Differen'e) Bet*een "a)t and 6e)t Bor 3one
1f )tudied from the #oint of differen'e in the -alue of latitude and lon(itude
bet*een the ma,imum and minimum on the other hand, the -alue of the differen'e
obtained relati-el& lar(e, *here the differen'e in -alue) for latitude rea'hed J@ H =ar'
minute)> or 1 G 1@ H, *hil)t the -alue differen'e in lon(itude obtained i) ! H =ar' minute)>.
The -alue of thi) differen'e in latitude and lon(itude )ho*n that )i3e for 3one i) bi(
enou(h.
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.E666JG
.63333G
101.6E333G
100.E166JG
Be3a =ar;a minit> J@+ !+
Table 1@: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Ma,imum and Minimum Bor 3one
To )ol-e the #roblem of dela& time diamali b& a number of area) 'om#ared to
time on BND, re)ear'her) #ro#o)e that the referen'e Point method of Multi#le ado#ted
offi'iall&. 6hil)t for the lar(e time differen'e i))ue), re)ear'her) men)aran;an that 3one
di-ided into three =3> 3one). Thi) i) be'au)e the time differen'e bet*een "a)t and 6e)t
that rea'hed u# to )i, =6> minute) )ho*in( the 3one )i3e i) too lar(e. Thu), it need) to be
di-ided into )maller 3one) that 'ould meet the 'riteria of 3one t*o => minute), *here the
differen'e in the -alue of *hi'h doe) not e,'eed 1 G of latitude and lon(itude *ere not
more than 1L de(ree =G> to be )e'ure *ithin the 3one t*o => minute).
Zon %" Zon %% Zon %&
Saba; Bernam 0uala Selan(or
0uala Can(at
0lan(
Table 1!: the #ro#o)ed brea;do*n of 3one
0%" Zone %"
Tari-h
Sa!a- Bernam
"
=I 3G@+, T 101G1+>
Sa!a- Bernam
Ba(an S(.Calan(
=I 3G!1+, T 100G@9+>
Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya
@ .an !:!9 6:0
! .an 6:00 6:0
6 .an 6:00 6:03
13 .un 19:! 19:E
1@ .un 19:! 19:E
1! .un 19:6 19:E
16 .un 19:6 19:E
1J .un 19:6 19:E
1E .un 19:6 19:9
19 .un 19:6 19:9
0 .un 19:J 19:9
1 .un 19:J 19:9
.un 19:J 19:30
3 .un 19:J 19:30
10 .ul 0:@! 0:@E
11 .ul 0:@! 0:@E
1 .ul 0:@! 0:@E
13 .ul 0:@! 0:@E
1@ .ul 0:@! 0:@E
Table 16: "a)tern Time Differen'e Bor 6e)t Zone .1
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.E666JG
.@E333G
101.366JG
100.E16JG
Be3a =ar;a minit> 3+ 33+
Table 16.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Bor ma,imum and Minimum Zone .1
0%% Zone %%
Tari-h /uala Selangor
S(.Cabu
/uala Selangor
0em.D
=I 3G9+, T 101GE+> =I 3G9+, T 101G6+>
Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya
@ .an !:!9 6:00
! .an !:!9 6:00
6 .an !:!9 6:01
13 .un 19:@ 19:6
1@ .un 19:@ 19:6
1! .un 19:! 19:6
16 .un 19:! 19:6
1J .un 19:! 19:J
1E .un 19:! 19:J
19 .un 19:6 19:J
0 .un 19:6 19:J
1 .un 19:6 19:E
.un 19:6 19:E
3 .un 19:6 19:E
10 .ul 0:@@ 0:@6
11 .ul 0:@@ 0:@6
1 .ul 0:@@ 0:@6
13 .ul 0:@@ 0:@6
1@ .ul 0:@@ 0:@6
Table 1J: the differen'e of "a)tern and 6e)tern Time Zone .
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.6G
3.166JG
101.!G
101.1G
Be3a =ar;a minit> 6+ @+
Table 1J.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Bor ma,imum and Minimum Zone
.
0%& Zone %&
Tari-h
/uala *angat
S(.Cabu
=I G@E+, T 101G@1+>
/lang
Pulau Pintu Aedun(
=I G!3+, T 101G1@+>
Su!uh Maghri! $sya Su!uh Maghri! $sya
@ .an !:!6 !:!E
! .an !:!J !:!9
6 .an !:!J !:!9
13 .un 19: 19:@
1@ .un 19: 19:@
1! .un 19:3 19:!
16 .un 19:3 19:!
1J .un 19:3 19:!
1E .un 19:3 19:!
19 .un 19:@ 19:6
0 .un 19:@ 19:6
1 .un 19:@ 19:6
.un 19:@ 19:6
3 .un 19:@ 19:6
10 .ul 0:@ 0:@@
11 .ul 0:@ 0:@@
1 .ul 0:@ 0:@@
13 .ul 0:@ 0:@@
1@ .ul 0:@ 0:@@
Table 1E: the differen'e of "a)tern and 6e)tern Time Zone .3
*atitud *ongitud
Ma;)imum
Minimum
3.G
.633G
101.6E333G
101.3333G
Be3a =ar;a minit> 3@+ J+
Table 1E.1: differen'e of latitude and lon(itude Bor ma,imum and Minimum
Zone .3
5# 6onclusion
The #ra'ti'e of #ra&er 3one in Selan(or method #oint) 6e)t are not 4uite fit a) a
re)ult of )ome #roblem) dela& #ra&er time) in 'ertain di)tri't) in Selan(or. 6hile the
Multi#le referen'e #oint =multi#le referen'e #oint> #ro-ide a more 'on-in'in( out'ome
'om#ared to 6e)tern #oint) method in the 'onte,t of the determination of #ra&er time)
ba)ed on the 3one in *hi'h it 'ould )ol-e the #roblem of dela& #ra&er in Selan(or.
1f )een from the #oint of ma,imum and minimum -alue of the differen'e in
latitude and lon(itude of a 3one, it #ro-e) that the )i3e of a 3one to #la& a -er& im#ortant
role in the 'onte,t of )ettin( the #ra&in( time for an area. Theorie) that )a& that the
differen'e in the -alue of the latitude) bet*een "a)t and 6e)t in a 3one mu)t not e,'eed 1
G and lon(itude differen'e did not e,'eed M G or 30 H =ar' minute)> to be )e'ure *ithin
3one minute), i) a''urate. Thi) i) be'au)e the re)ult) area that doe) not meet the)e
re4uirement) ha-e led to the o''urren'e of the differen'e the time more than minute)
bet*een "a)t and 6e)t in a 3one.
The )i3e of the Zone) 1 and *hi'h ha-e been 'au)in( the differen'e of time that
e,'eed minute) bet*een "a)t and 6e)t to rea'h @ and 6 minute) re)#e'ti-el&.
Burthermore, the re)ear'her) #ro#o)e that the 3one 1 and bro;en do*n to 3 of their
re)#e'ti-e 3one). /lthou(h the brea;in( do*n of thi) 3one are able to o-er'ome the
differen'e of time of a 3one, but it 'annot be menn&ele)ai;an #roblem) dela& time. To
thi) end, it i) #ro#o)ed that the brea;in( do*n of thi) 3one i) a##lied to(ether *ith the
method of Multi#le referen'e #oint.
<o*e-er, the 'on'e#t of 3one minute) 'ould not be a##lied in a number of lar(e
area) )u'h a) <ulu Selan(or and Saba; Bernam. Thi) i) be'au)e the differen'e in the
-alue of the latitude and lon(itude for both their re)#e'ti-e Di)tri't doe) not meet the
'ondition) )et. Thu) it 'au)in( the differen'e time of 3 minute) at daera7the area. Thu),
the re)ear'her) )u((e)ted that the 'on'e#t of 3one 3: 'on)idered to be a##lied to the area
or a lar(e di)tri't. Thi) attitude be'au)e of ta;in( into a''ount the time bet*een a flat
u)ed b& human) to 1 '&'le) in #ra&er.
Biblio(ra#h&
1. Baharrudin Zainal =00@>, Ilmu !alak -disi Kedua, 0uala Cum#ur : De*an Baha)a Dan
Pu)ta;a.
. Mu)tafa Din Subari dan Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =011>, 6a;tu Solat Setem#at :
Satu Pemurnian 0e#ada 6a;tu Solat Bera)a);an Zon, Persidangan Muakarah
!alak "0##.
3. /bdul <alim bin /bdul /3i3 =011>, 0a?ian Ter#erin'i 6a;tu76a;tu Solat Dalam
Bebera#a Zon Di Mala&)ia, Persidangan Muakarah !alak "0##.
@. Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =00!>, Pen&elara)an 1hti&ati Dalam 6a;tu Solat : Pandan(an
Te;ni;al,. Muakarah $a%atankuasa &eknikal Kalendar Islam, 0uala Teren((anu.
!. Nurul /)i;in 2he Daud, Mohamad Sau#i 2he /*an( =01>, Penambahbai;an Zon73on
6a;tu Solat Di Mala&)ia Men((una;an 0aedah 1)otime. Mesyuarat '(n)(n *aktu +(lat
+eluruh Malaysia, Bili; Me)&uarat S&ura 1C1M, Ban(i, Selan(or.
6. Md /dnan bin Md Daud =t.t>, Pen&elara)an 6a;tu Solat Di Mala&)ia, ./01M.
J. 6an 0amel 6an <u))ain =00J>, Penentuan 6a;tu Solat K Zon 6a;tu. +eminar !alak
+yarie "00,, 1NSTIN.
E. ./01M =01>, Zon73on 6a;tu Solat Seluruh Mala&)ia. Mesyuarat Penyelarasan '(n)(n
*aktu +(lat +eluruh Malaysia, Bili; Me)&uarat S&ura 1C1M, Ban(i, Selan(or.