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Storage Basics


Presenter Name : C Sivagnana Subramaniyan
Presenter Team: GIES Storage
Date: 15 May 2012
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At the end of this lesson, you will be able to

Concepts Hard disks, Disk and Tape storage
Raid Concepts
Storage Terminologies
Introduction to DAS, SAN and NAS
SAN and its components
Storage Performance and advanced topics

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Classification based on Technology , speed and
capacity
ATA , FC , SATA, SAS , SSD
Seek and Latency time


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RAID0
RAID01
RAID1
RAID5
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RAID Group
Stripe Size and Stripe Width
Lun Mapping
Zoning
File and Block Level access
Interface and Protocols
FC Topologies
WWN



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Scalability of inbuilt storage is limited to the servers predetermined
capacity and cannot be shared.
Extending the storage with scsi is Limited to 15 devices
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The most familiar form of storage.
This offers high performance.
Runs on various versions of SCSI and newer
standards like eSATA
Access Devices like Hard disks, tape drives
& Robotic controls in a Tape library
Now expanding to USB based connections

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Storage Area Networks (SAN) offer a powerful solution for
consolidating storage resources to boost storage management,
flexibility, and cost effectiveness.
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Major Vendors & some model
HP EVA / XP models
HDS AMS / USP / VSP
EMC Symmetrix / VMAX
/Clariion
IBM DS 48xx / 81xx
Brocade/ McData & QLogic
fabric switches
Netapp Filers
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NAS Network Attached Storage
File-oriented access
Multiple Clients, Shared Access to Data
SAN Storage Area Network
Block-oriented access
Exclusive Access to Data
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Server to storage
Server to server
Storage to storage
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Improvements to application availability: Storage is
independent of applications and accessible through multiple
data paths for better reliability, availability, and serviceability.

Higher application performance: Storage processing is off-
loaded from servers and moved onto a separate network.

Centralized and consolidated storage: Simpler management,
scalability, flexibility, and availability.

Data transfer and vaulting to remote sites: Remote copy of
data enabled for disaster protection.

Simplified centralized management: Single image of storage
media simplifies management.
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Increase in the number of servers and storage devices.
Network like flexibility, channel-like reliability and performance.
The SCSI driver is well implemented in all operating system.
SCSI commands are encapsulated and transported within Fibre
Channel frames.
This allows the SCSI protocol to be used over a Fibre Channel
network.
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A unique identifier used on a SCSI bus to distinguish between
devices that share the same bus

Address for individual disk
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SAN storage

SAN interconnects ( FC cables )

SAN Switches

FC Host Bus Adapters

SAN attached Server

SAN attached Tape Libraries






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Fiber-optic cables come in two distinct types:

Multi-Mode fiber (MMF) for short distances (up to 2 km), Single-Mode
Fiber (SMF) for longer distances (up to 100 km).
Fibre Channel does not necessarily mean just fiber optic cable. Copper
or optical cables.
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SC (Siemens' Connector)
LC (Lucent Connector)
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GBICs are small serial-to-serial, hot-swappable modules
used to provide the media interface (copper or fiber)
2Gbit/sec devices use GBIC called a Small Form Factor Plug
(SFP)
Short Wave Laser GBIC or SFP Up to 500 meters
Long Wave Laser GBIC or SFP Up to 10 kilometers
Extended Long Wave Laser GBIC -Up to 80 kilometers

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Provides an interface between the server or workstation internal bus
(such as PCI or SBUS) and the Fibre Channel network

HBA software driver provides the storage information required by the
operating system

Handles I/O and control requests
Copper/Optical media support (may be dual port cards)
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Switches are among the highest performing devices available for
interconnecting large numbers of devices, increasing bandwidth, reducing
congestion, and providing high aggregate throughput.
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Zoning is a method of providing access control in a Fibre
Channel fabric consisting of a single Fibre Channel switch or
cascaded switches.
Port Zoning (Hard Zoning) Zoning by a switch's domain/port
numbers forming the S_ID

WWN Zoning (Soft Zoning) Zoning by a WWN of the attached
node. Each Fibre Channel node has two WWNs: a Port WWN
(WWPN) and a Node WWN (WWNN). The WWPN is a unique
number assigned to the physical Fibre Channel Port, and is the
name to be used in creating WWN zoning.
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Front End directors
Backend Directors
Cache Memory
Data Flow




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File Server + Networked Storage = NAS
Use existing LAN/WAN
Attach directly to the network and allow file based
access to large amounts of fast storage.
Use standard File sharing protocols NFS, CIFS etc.
Throughput depends on LAN/WAN infrastructure &
client machines.
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Highest availability
Scales for growth

Avoids file replication
Increases flexibility
Reduces complexity
Improves security
Costs

Firewall
NAS
Internet
Data Center
S
n
S
2
.
.
.
.
S
1
Internal
Network
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IP Network
Application
NAS
Device
NAS
SAN
OR Direct
Attach
All I/O operations use file level I/O
protocols
No awareness of disk volumes or disk
sectors
File system is mounted remotely using a
network file access protocol, such as:
-Network File System (NFS)
-Common Internet File System(CIFS)
I/O is redirected to remote system
Utilizes mature data transport (e.g.,
TCP/IP) and media access protocols
NAS device assumes responsibility for
organizing data (R/W) on disk and
managing cache
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Queue Depth
Luns per port
IOPS
Read Hit / Read Miss
Type of data [ sequential / random ]
Raid type
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Thin provisioning
Replication and Disaster Recovery
Storage Virtualization
Multipathing Tools


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You have learned

Storage concepts
Types of Storages
San Components
NAS Storages
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Ask me !! ?? !!
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1. What are the storage protocols
2. Which type of FC can be used for efficient long distance data
transmission
3. How many Scsi devices can be connected in a daisy chain
4. List the san components
5. What is a Lun
6. What are initiators and targets in a SAN network
7. How does a host view a San lun
8. What is a soft zone
9. What is lun masking
10. What is Raid 1




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