V2X Technology

- Status Quo, Prospect & Implications -

Kyeong-Pyo Kang
Division of Innovative Transportation Technology Convergence
4
th
ADB Transport Forum
2
Definition
A convergence ICT enabling to seamlessly cooperate/connect between transport
components(vehicle, infrastructure, and users) for safety and efficiency
- The current ITS technology to collect data and provide information under the
separated between vehicle and infrastructure
Source : www.comesafety.org
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
[C-ITS definition by ISO/CEN]
A subset of the overall ITS that communicates
and share information between ITS stations to
give advice or facilitate actions with the objective of
improving safety, sustainability, efficiency and
comfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems.
Comparison btw. the current ITS and C-ITS
Current ITS
Separated btw. road and vehicle
-Data & Services are available only
when passing their devices
-Limited in quickly responding to
accident (one-way)
-Focused on managing traffic flow
after accident
Follow-up management
C- ITS
Connected btw. vehicle(V) and road(I)
-Continuously communicated between
road, vehicle and pedestrian
-Co-works on site are available by V2V,
V2I(two-way)
-Focused on recognizing and preventing
before accident
Advanced response and prevention
3
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
1st Safety Services 2nd 3rd
Source : ETSI TS 101 539-3 V1.1.1 (2013-11), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);V2X Applications ; Part 3: Longitudinal Collision Risk
Warning (LCRW) application requirements
4
C-ITS(V2X Tech.)
Autonomous
Driving
Why needs V2X technology?
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
Normal Dangerous Pre-accident accident Post-accident
A
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i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
)
crash crash
Travel cond. info.
Traffic manag.
Work zone
Near-risk warn.
[Steer-Assist]
Speed limit. warn.
Prog. control
[Active seat belt]
Air-bag, Seat belt
Restraint
system
E-Call
E-vehicle
priority control
EEBL
Data record
Sudden stop warn.
ACC
Speed limit info.
Passive
Safety
Active
Safety
C
o
m
m
.

T
e
c
h
.
DSRC/WAVE
(V2V/V2I)
3G, LTE, etc.
FCW
Road condition
BSW/LCW
CSW
ITS C-ITS Others
Adaptive cruise control (ACC)
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
Curve Speed Warning (CSW)
Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL)
Blind Spot/Lane Change Warning (BSW/LCW)
Source : Continental. 2010. 12(edited) Why needs V2X technology? (Cont.)
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
6
EU
Source :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT
20
th
ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
Seven Test Sites:
System Test Site:
- Helmond/Eindhoven, The Netherland
Functional Test Sites:
- Tampere, Finland
- Yvelines, France,
- Frankfurt, Germany,
- Brennero, Italy,
- Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vigo, Spain
Coop TS Finland
Tampere
Helmond
System TS
Siscoga
Vigo
SCORE-F
Yvelines
Autobrennero
Brennero-Trento
sim
TD
Frankfurt
Test Site Sweden
Gothenburg
DRIVE C2X Test Sites
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
7
US
Safety Pilot
Walt Disney World Speedway
Orlando, FL Oct 2011)
VTTI Smart Road
Blacksburg VA (Nov 1
1)
Brainerd International Raceway
Brainerd, MN (Sept 2011)
Texas Motor Speedway
Fort Worth TX (Dec 11)
Alameda Naval Air Station
Alameda CA (Jan 2012)
Michigan International Speedw
ay Brooklyn, MI (Aug 2011)
Driver Clinic Locations
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOT
Jan. and May 2014
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
8
US
Safety Pilot
Model Deployment Site
Key Site Elements:
- 75 miles of instrumented roadway
- 29 roadside units
- ~3000 vehicles(Cars, trucks, buses, etc)
- Integrated, aftermarket, and retrofit
1 year of data collection
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOT
Jan. and May 2014
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
9
Japan
ITS SPOT Services
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and Japan-MLIT
19
th
ITS World Congress in Vienna, Oct. 2012
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
10
Early Promotion of C-ITS related Infrastructures
-ITS Communication Frequency, Standards, Legislations
Staged Promotion for C-ITS Commercialization
-Proof of Concept Field Operational Test(FOT) Pre-Deployment Deployment
-US and EU lead to participation of car makers in coming deployment projects
-Japan launched ITS SPOT project in freeways, focused on V2I services
EU, US, Japan
Korea
Finished the Proof of Concept for V2X communication technology
-u-Transportation(October,09~May,12), Smart Highway(October,10~July,14)
Effect and Feasibility Analysis
Master Plan for Promotion
-Pre-deployment and deployment
-Policy of C-ITS related infrastructure
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
11
Smartway : ITS Spot
DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)
ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)
2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
Smartway : ITS Spot
DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)
ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)
2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
COMeSafety
FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
COMeSafety
FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F
VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1
VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report
CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)
Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)
SAE J2735
VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1
VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report
CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)
Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)
SAE J2735
u-Transportation Test beds(2011)
Smart Highway Test bed(2012)
u-Transportation Test beds(2011)
Smart Highway Test bed(2012)
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
Review of C-ITS Services
12
Categories No Services
Safe Driving Support 7
Car crash prevention, Road hazard zone driving
Road surface-weather information, Work zone driving
Traffic regulation information, Merging
Lane-changing & Passing
Autonomous Driving Support 1 Cooperative car-following driving
Intersection Driving Support 2 Intersection collision prevention, Signal information provision
Transportation poor protection 3
Yellow bus guidance, School & Silver zone warning
Pedestrian collision prevention
Emergency Support 3
Emergency informing, Emergency-vehicle priority driving
Disaster informing
Cooperative Traffic Management 3
Location-based vehicle data collection
Location-based traffic information provision
Traffic management
Electronic Payment 2 Smart toll collection, Electronic reservation & payment
Public Transportation 1 Public transportation management
Driving Support 3 Path explore & guidance, In-vehicle signage, Parking information
Commercial Vehicle 2 Rental management, Commercial vehicle management
Additional Service 5
Short message exchange, POI provision, Download updating,
Advertisement & News, Internet
Review of C-ITS Services
SUM 32
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
13
Source : SMART Highway Project
Car Crash Prevention Support(example)
-To prevent car crash caused by congested downstream, slow vehicle, and
accident
-Use Cases
*(Japan) Cooperative Forward Collision Warning, Traffic Jam Ahead Warning
*(EU, US) Car Breakdown Warning, Post-Crash Warning, Slow Vehicle Warning
*(Korea) Dangerous Driving Warning, Follow-Me Information, Fallen Object Warning
-V2V, I2V technology
Review of C-ITS Services
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
14
Effect Analysis based on Car Crash Scenarios
KOTI(2012) : V2V(72%), V2I(24%), V2X(76%)
Review of C-ITS Services
NHTSA(2010) : V2V(79%), V2I(26%), V2X(81%)
Existing Method to apply
simple C-ITS
services(V2V, V2X) to
car-crash scenarios
Overestimation
New Method to apply
more available C-ITS
services to more
detailed accident data
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
15
No Categories Services
1
Safe Driving
Support
Car crash prevention
2 Road hazard zone driving
3 Road surface-weather information
4 Work zone driving
5 Traffic regulation information
6 Merging
7 Lane-changing & Passing
8
Autonomous
Driving Support
Cooperative car-following driving
9
Intersection
Driving Support
Intersection collision prevention
10 Signal information provision
11
Transportation
Poor Protection
Yellow bus guidance
12 School & Silver zone warning
13 Pedestrian collision prevention
14
Emergency
Support
Emergency informing
15 Emergency-vehicle priority driving
16 Disaster informing
Traffic Safety Service based on C-ITS
New Method
Effect Analysis based on available C-ITS services and detailed accident data
C-ITS services under FOT
-objective, technical requirement
-architecture, applicable case
MOE
-The numbers(ratios) of accidents and
casualties to be prevented
Accident data(2007~2011)
-vehicle, driver, Infrastructure(road)
-weather, environment
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
Summary
Effects of the proposed C-ITS Services
-The ratio of accidents to be prevented : 46.3%
-The ratio of deaths to be prevented : 48.4%
-The ratio of Injuries to be prevented : 47.4%
Annually $3.6 billions saved
Categories
# of
accident
# of
deaths
# of
injuries
Total 181,391 4,503 278,322
Sum
Preventable 83,966 2,179 131,944
Not-
Preventable
97,425 2,324 146,378
Ratio
Preventable 46.3 % 48.4 % 47.4 %
Not-
Preventable
53.7 % 51.6 % 52.6 %
Analysis Result
16
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
17
Macroscopic Method : B/C ratio
Cost Calculation
-Building cost of infrastructure(RSE) based on smart highway project
-Road-Side Equipment(H/W and S/W) of sensing and communicating functions
Benefit Calculation
-Cost of human damage, Cost of material damage
-Divided into pure cost, police cost, and PSG(Pain, Suffering, Grief)
B/C ratio = 1.3~3.0 (Feasible for introduction)
*Note: only safety benefit considered, but mobility benefit not considered
Feasibility Analysis
Infrastructure Cost
(Smart highway test bed)
Benefit(Accident Cost)
Saved by C-ITS
Feasibility Analysis
(B/C ratio)
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
18
US : Deployment for mobility and sustainability as well as Safety
Connected Vehicle(CV) Pilot Deployment Program
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
Research and Development
Share Data
Share Data
PRE-DEPLOYMENT
PHASE 1
Program Activity Area
Pilot Deployments
Stakeholder Engagem
ent and Outreach
Application Develo
pment and Open S
ource
DEVELOP AND DEPLOY
PHASE 2
OPERATE AND EVALUATE
PHASE 3
9/13 9/15 9/17 9/20
Impact Assess
ment and Cost
-Benefit Analy
ses
Open Data
National-Level Analytics and CV Pilot Program Evaluation
SCMS Prototyping and Integration Testing
All CV Prototype Applications Ready
for Pilot Deployment
FHWA Implementation G
uidance
Share Code, Concepts from CV Prototyping
Share CV Pilot Data Share Pre-Pilot Prototyping and Impact Assessment Data
Share Data
Wave 1 Pilot Deployments
Wave 2 Pilot Deployments
Concept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate Pilot
Progress Gate Progress Gate
Share Data
Concept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate Pilot
Progress Gate Progress Gate
Post-Pilot Ops*
Security Manageme
nt and Certification
Wave 1 Procurement Planning
Wave 2 Planning
Share Applications Deployed in Pilot Deployments
CV Application Prototyping and Demonstration
Pre-Pilot Deployment Stakeholder Engagement Post-Pilot, Deployment-Focused Stakeholder Engagement
Wave 1 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments
Pilot Impact Assessment Planning
CV Application Impact Assessments
CV Analysis, Modeling and Simulation Testbeds
Wave 2 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts Final Prototype SCMS Complete
Share Methods, To
ols
Share Data
Share Methods, Tools
Share Data
Share Methods, To
ols
Share Data
Share Methods, Tools
Precursor Activity
Precursor Activity
Precursor Activity
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOT
Jan. and May 2014
19
EU : Emission and road casualties by 2020/2050
Roadside cooperative ITS infrastructure for the initial services in the Cooperative ITS
- Initial deployment with simple and non complex services achieving clear user
benefits even with limited penetration and limited hot spot implementation
Research and Development
Source :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT
20
th
ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
20
Japan : ITS for Sustainability
To realize sustainable mobility
- Next generation cooperative system
to support safety driving
- Next generation logistics for
automated cruising of convoy
- Next generation mobility network for
integration of mobility, energy and
information
Research and Development
Source : For Sustainable Mobile Society with ITS, ITS Japan
20
th
ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
21
Why needs it?
Car market and in-vehicle devices(AM and BM)
Global safety and security
ITS International standards organizations
ISO TC204 WG18
CEN TC278 WG16
Standardization
EU-US
Safety
Applications
Sustainability
Applications
Standards
Harmonization
Assessment
Tools
Safety
Applications
Glossary
Terms
US-Japan
International
Standards
Evaluation
Tools & Methods
Driver Clinics
US-Korea
Safety Standards Pilot
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
22
Requirement of V2V technology as well as Safety and Security
USDOT
Decision to move forward with V2V communication
technology for light vehicles(Feb. 2014)
Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking(ANPRM);
notice of availability of technical report
Key contents
- New Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards(FMVSS) to
require V2V comm. capability for light vehicles(passenger
cars and light truck vehicles, LTVs)
- Min. performance requirements for V2V devices and
messages
EU, Japan, Korea
Legislation
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
23
Long-term Strategies
Korea Master Plan for New Generation ITS
2014~2020
2021~2025
Expressways 68%
Expressways 100%
National roads 16%,
Urban roads 12%
Expressways 100%
National roads 67%,
Urban roads 17%
2026~2030
Mainly V2I based
on safety in
expressways
V2I and V2V
based on safety
in metropolitan
V2V+V2P based
on safety in
urban areas
Basic type
for market
OBU 10%
Introduction
Expansion
Maturity
OBU 50%
Control Interfaced
Equipped for
commercial veh.
OBU 70%
Equipped for
passenger veh.
Autonomous
road and veh.
traffic
accident
death
Zero
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
24
Thank