FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME POLICY ANALYSIS ADM654 OCTOBER 2009 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of seven (7) questions. 2. Answer any four (4) questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO 777/s examination paper consists of 3 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 AM/OCT 2009/ADM654 QUESTION 1 For decision-making to take place there must be availability of alternative courses of action. But there is always a danger in devising alternatives because we may overlook the best alternative. Critically discuss how a policy analyst can arrive at the best alternative course of action for resolving any public problem without high risk. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Critically discuss the implications of the Elite Model as compared to the Systems Model for policy makers in their decisions on public issues. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Some problems may be difficult for policy makers to arrive at the right decision or solution. With relevant examples, explain some reasons why public problems are difficult for policy makers to take the right decision. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Policy formulation is a multi-layered process that involves contributions from several actors. Critically discuss on factors that can impact policy formulation in Malaysia. (25 marks) QUESTION 5 Writing policy recommendations whether to the Federal Cabinet or to Municipal Councils must always involve process. Explain some analytical processes involved in any policy recommendations. (25 marks) QUESTION 6 Policy implementation is usually what happens after the policy has been formulated and adopted. Some policy analysts have seen the implementation from two perspectives; as a process or as an output. Critically discuss the two views and in your opinion, which view is the best? (25 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 3 AM/OCT 2009/ADM654 QUESTION 7 Explain the following concepts and phrases: a) Compliance. (5marks) b) Biased sampling error in policy decision. (5 marks) c) Alternative course of action. (5 marks) d) Rational behaviour. (5 marks) e) Social cost. (5 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL