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A
V 480
V 24
B
output
Input
(ii) If the transformer is used to step down mains supply from 480V to
24V and coil A has 800 turns, determine the number of turns in
coil B.
(iii) State two ways by which energy losses in a transformer are
minimized.
(c) Give one advantage of a.c. over d.c.
12. (a) What are X-rays?
(b) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe the structure and operation of
an X-ray tube
(c) Explain briefly how each of the following can be increased in an x-ray
tube;
(i) Intensity of X-rays
(ii) penetrating power of X-rays
(d) What are the differences between hard and soft X-rays?
(e) (i) State four ways in which X-rays are similar to gamma rays.
(ii) State two ways in which X-rays are different from gamma rays.
(iii) Give two biological and two industrial uses of X-rays
(f) Radon,
86
222
decays to radium isotope, Ra, by emission of two beta
particles according to the following equation.
86
222
+2
1
0
88
(i) What is the value of A?
(ii) How many neutrons does the nucleus of radium isotope have?
(g) What is meant by:
(i) Mass number?
(ii) Name any two radiations emitted by radioactive substances.
(iii) In the nuclear equation given below, find the values of .
+
0
1
92
235
92
236
+
36
144
+ 2 +
0
1
(h) (i) What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
(ii) Give one method of starting the process in nuclear fission.
(iii) State one use of nuclear energy.
13. (a) (i) What is meant by cathode rays?
(ii) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe how cathode rays are
produced by thermionic emission.
8 | End of Year Physics Review Questions, 2014
(b) (a) What is meant by
(i) half life
(ii) radio activity
(c) What happens to the activity of a radioactive material when its
(i) mass is increased
(ii) temperature is increased
(d) A material is wrapped in photo graphic film and kept in a dark room.
When the photographic film is removed, it is found to be darkened.
(i) identify the material
(ii) explain the observation
(e) A radioactive substance of mass 60g takes 400years for its mass to be
reduced to 15g. Find its half life.
(f) State:
(i) two industrial and two medical uses of radioactivity
(ii) two health hazards of radioactivity