Legal

Deriving from or founded on law.

Created by the constructions of the
law.
Legal Bases of the Philippine Education System
The laws which are the bases of the PES.
MAJOR LAWS WHIH S!IP"LA!E !HE
"RRE#! PHILIPPI#E E$"A!IO#AL S%S!EM
&'() O#S!I!"!IO#
AR!ILE *I+, Education- Science and !echnology- A.ts-
ultu.e and Spo.ts
Quality education accessible to all. (Section 1
Com!lete" ade#uate" and integrated relevant education. ($.1.
%ree !ublic education in the elementary and high school level.
($.$.
Scholarshi! grants" loans" subsidies and other incentives to
deserving students in both !rivate and !ublic schools. ($.&.
'on(formal" formal" and indigenous learning systems. ($.)
*ocational training to adults" disabled and out of school youth.
($.+
Study of the constitution. (&.1
Study of values. (&.$.
e.g. !atriotism" nationalism" foster love of humanity" res!ect for
human rights" a!!reciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical develo!ment of the country" teach the rights and
duties of citi,enshi!" strengthen ethical and s!iritual values" etc.
-!tional religious instruction in !ublic schools. (&.&.
Su!ervision and regulation of all schools. (&.).
Control and administration of schools by %ili!inos. (&.+
E.em!tion from ta.es and duties. (&./.
0cademic freedom in institutions in higher learning. (+.$"&").
0ssigning highest budget !riority to education. (+.+.
'ational language is %ili!ino. (/.1.
PRESI$E#!IAL $EREE #O/ 0 1 A
E$"A!IO#AL $E+ELOPME#! $EREE O2 &')3
1oals of the Educational system. ($" a 2 c
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic
develo!ment and social !rogress.
$. To assure of ma.imum !artici!ation of all the !eo!le in the
attainment and en3oyment of the benefits of such growth.
&. To strengthen national consciousness and !romote desirable
cultural values in a changing world.
-b3ectives of the Educational system. (&" a 2 d
Ten 2 year !rogram to attain the ob3ectives. ()" a 2 f
Educational !ro3ects to attain ob3ectives. (+" a 2 g
a. 4anagement studies by the DEC.
b. 5m!rovement of secondary schools which include services"
facilities" e#ui!ments and curriculum.
c. 6!grading and im!rovement of technical institutions" s7ill 2
training centers and other non(training !rograms for the out of
school youth and the unem!loyed.
d. Curriculum and staff develo!ment including mathematics and
science teaching.
e. E.!ansion of agricultural secondary and higher education
!rograms.
f. Te.tboo7s and instructional materials.
g. 0ssistance and incentives.
8or7ing arrangements.
%inancing the whole educational system.
BA!AS PAMBA#SA BL4 353 1 6E$"A!IO# A! O2
&'(37
4oals
i/ 0chieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic
develo!ment and social !rogress9
ii/ 0ssure the ma.imum !artici!ation of all !eo!le in the
attainment and em!loyment of such growth" and
iii/ 0chieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and
!reserve" develo! and !romote desirable culture" moral" and
s!iritual values in a changing world.
Aims
i. Provide for a broad general education that will assist each
individual in the !eculiar ecology of his own society" to:
attain his !otentials as human beings9
enhance the range and #uality of individual and grou!
!artici!ation in the basic functions of society" and
ac#uire essential educational foundations of his develo!ment
into a !roductive and versatile citi,en.
Train the nation;s man!ower in the middle 2 level s7ills
re#uired for national develo!ment.
Develo! the !rofession that will !rovide leadershi! for the
nation in the advancement of 7nowledge for im!roving the
#uality of human life" and
<es!ond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the
nations through a system educational !lanning and evaluation.
E*E"!I+E OR$ER #O/ &&)- s/ &'()
8REOR4A#I9A!IO# O2 $ES:
The De!artment shall be res!onsible for the formulation"
!lanning" im!lementation" and coordination of !olicies" !lans"
!rograms and !ro3ects in the areas of formal and non 2 formal
education at all levels: elementary" secondary" higher" technical
2 vocational" non 2 formal" s!orts and culture.
RA ))33, HI4HER E$"A!IO# A! O2 &'';
0n act creating the Commission on =igher Education.
RA ))'0, A# A! REA!I#4 !HE !EH#IAL
E$"A!IO# A#$ S<ILLS $E+ELOPME#!
A"!HORI!% O2 &'';
0n act creating the Technical Education and S7ills
Develo!ment 0uthority.
RA '&==, A# A! I#S!I!"!I#4A 2RAMEWOR< O2
4O+ER#A#E 2OR BASI E$"A!IO#-
ES!ABLISHI#4 A"!HORI!% A#$
AO"#!ABILI!%- RE#AMI#4 !HE $EPAR!ME#!
O2 E$"A!IO#- "L!"RE A#$ SPOR!S AS !HE
$EPAR!ME#! O2 E$"A!IO# A#$ 2OR O!HER
P"RPOSES
0uthored by former senator Tessie 0#uino 2 -reta.
DECS (De!artment of Education" Culture and S!orts was
renamed DEPEd (De!artment of Education.
1overnance of >asic Education starts at 'ational level" but it is
in the <egional" Division" District and School level where the
!olicies and !rinci!les are translated into !ro3ects" !rograms"
and services develo!ed" offered to fit local needs.
RA ;0)>, MA4#A AR!A 2OR P"BLI SHOOL
!EAHERS 8&'00:
C-*E<01E: 0ll !ublic school teachers
E?515>5?5T@:
0. Elementary School Teachers
1. >EED 1raduate
$. P>ETA?ET Passer
>. Secondary School Teachers
1. >SEA >SEd 1raduateA >achelor;s Degree
$. 1B units in ma3or sub3ectA 1B units of
!rofessional education sub3ect
&. P>ETA?ET Passer
Rights of !eache.s
1. <ight to be informed of the charges in writing.
$. <ight to full access to the evidence in the case.
&. <ight to defend himself and be defended by a
re!resentative of his choice.
). <ight to a!!eal to clearly designated authorities.
+. <ight for a married cou!le" both of whom are school
teachers" to be em!loyed in the same locality whenever
!ossible.
Hou.s of Wo.? and Remune.ation
1. En3oy academic freedom in the discharge of !rofessional
duties regarding teaching and classroom methods.
$. En3oy free !hysical e.am and free medical treatment or
hos!itali,ation.
&. Salary scale 2 gradual !rogression from a minimum to a
ma.imum salary by means of regular increments" granted
automatically every after three years.
). 1ranting of cost of living allowance.
+. 0dditional com!ensation for service e.cess of / hours
actual classroom teaching" hardshi! allowance and
automatic retirement !romotion.
Lea@e and Reti.ement Benefits
1. Study leave (Sabbatical leave 2 with !ay e#uivalent
to /CD of salary after seven years of service.
$. 5ndefinite leave
&. 4aternity leave with !ay for /C days.
). *acation leave with !ay.
+. En3oy one range salary raise u!on retirement" which
shall be the basis of the retirement !ay and the
monthly benefits thereafter.
!eache.As O.ganiBation
1. %reedom to organi,e.
$. Prohibition of discrimination against teachers.
PHILIPPI#E E$"A!IO#AL PRA!IES A#$ O!HER
LE4AL BASES O2 E$"A!IO#
Act #o/ );
Eanuary 1" 1FC1
?aid the foundations of Phili!!ine !ublic school system
and made English as the language of instruction.
Established in the Phili!!ine 'ormal School and Trade
school in 4anila" and an 0gricultural school in 'egros.
RA ;)0
Eune 1B" 1F)F
Converted the Phili!!ine 'ormal School into a Teacher
college and offered courses leading to >achelor of
Science in Elementary Education and 4aster of 0rts in
education.
RA )&0(
December $/" 1FF1
Converted the Phili!!ine 'ormal School into a
6niversity.
RA 00==
0lso 7nown as the %ree Public Secondary Education 0ct
of 1FBB.
Public secondary schools were nationali,ed and they were
reclassified by source of funding and curriculum ty!e.
$ES OR$ER #O/ 5(- s/ &'';
'S0T is re#uired for all senior high school students.
P$ 0>5
<e#uired that every school division should organi,e
s!ecial classes for children with s!ecial needs.
RA =3=> 8&'00:
Provided a ten 2 year teacher education !rogram in
S!ecial education for the teaching of the gifted" mentally
2 retarded and those with behaviour !roblems.
-nly two schools offered undergraduate in SPEd: 6P
C-Ed and CE6.
RA )0(0
>eing !aid in -ETs in !rivate industries.
RA )0()
Scholarshi! !rograms for careers in science and
technology.
P$ &>>0
Se!tember $$" 1FG/
Considered teachers as !rofessionals and teaching
!romulgated as a !rofession.
Teachers need to !ass the P>ET before they could teach"
whether in !rivate or !ublic school.
P$ &;0
<e#uired all high school graduates see7ing admissions to
!ost 2 secondary degrees necessitating a minimum of four
years study to !ass a national entrance e.amination.
RA ))5&
0bolished the 'CEE to give the marginali,ed sector
greater access to college education.
RA ));5
Created the Center of E.cellence in Teacher Education.
RA ))'& Stretched the school year from 1B+ 2 $CC days.
RA &30=
4ade the observance of the flag ceremony com!ulsory"
RA )(50
0n act !rofessionali,ing the teaching !rofession.
Established the ?icensure E.aminations for Teachers.
RA &>&=)
Hindergarten Education 0ct
Provides the inclusion of the Hindergarten level into the
basic education !rogram. 5t is a must that children must
undergo 7inder before entering grade 1.
Senate Bill 53(0, Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 3>&3
0n addition of two years in the basic education.
REP"BLI A! #O/ ))33

A# A! REA!I#4 !HE OMMISSIO# O# HI4HER
E$"A!IO#- APPROPRIA!I#4 2"#$S !HERE2OR
A#$ 2OR O!HER P"RPOSES/
Approved: May &(- &'';
SE!IO# &/ !itle/ C !his Act shall De
?noEn as the FHigher Education Act of
1994/F
Sec/ 3/ $ecla.ation of Policy/ C !he
State shall p.otect- foste. and p.omote
the .ight of all citiBens to affo.daDle
Guality education at all le@els and shall
ta?e app.op.iate steps to ensu.e that
education shall De accessiDle to all/ !he
State shall li?eEise ensu.e and p.otect
academic f.eedom and shall p.omote its
eHe.cise and oDse.@ance fo. the
continuing intellectual g.oEth- the
ad@ancement of lea.ning and .esea.ch-
the de@elopment of .esponsiDle and
effecti@e leade.ship- the education of
highIle@el and middleIle@el
p.ofessionals and the en.ichment of ou.
histo.ical and cultu.al he.itage/
StateIsuppo.ted institutions of highe.
lea.ning shall gea. thei. p.og.ams to
national- .egional o. local de@elopment
plans/ 2inally- all institutions of highe.
lea.ning shall eHemplify th.ough thei.
physical and natu.al su..oundings the
dignity and Deauty of as Eell as thei.
p.ide in- the intellectual and schola.ly
life/
JJJ !he ommission shall De
independent and sepa.ate f.om the
$epa.tment of Education- ultu.e and
Spo.ts 8$ES:- and attached to the
Office of the P.esident fo.
administ.ati@e pu.poses only/ Its
co@e.age shall De Doth puDlic and
p.i@ate institutions of highe. education
as Eell as deg.eeIg.anting p.ogSec/ JJJ
&>/ !he Highe. Education $epa.tment
2und/ C A Highe. Education
$e@elopment 2und- he.einafte.
.efe..ed to as the 2und- is he.eDy
estaDlished eHclusi@ely fo. the
st.engthening of highe. education in the
enti.e count.y/
III A t.ansito.y Dody is he.eDy c.eated
Ehich shall De composed of the
Sec.eta.y of Education- ultu.e and
Spo.ts 8$ES:- hai. of the Senate
ommittee on Education- A.ts and
ultu.e- hai. of the House ommittee
on Education and ultu.e- a
.ep.esentati@e each of the Association of
h.istian Schools and olleges 8AS:-
the atholic Educational Association of
the Philippines 8EAP:- the Philippine
Association of olleges and "ni@e.sities
8PA":- the Philippine Association of
P.i@ate Schools- olleges and
"ni@e.sities 8PAPS":- the Philippine
Association of State "ni@e.sities and
olleges 8PAS":- and the Philippine
Association of P.i@ate !echnical
Institutions 8PAP!I:/REP"BLI A! #O/ ))'0
A# A! REA!I#4 !HE !EH#IAL E$"A!IO#
A#$ S<ILLS $E+ELOPME#! A"!HORI!%-
PRO+I$I#4 2OR I!S POWERS- S!R"!"RE A#$
2OR O!HER P"RPOSES/
>e it enacted by the Senate and =ouse of <e!resentatives of the
Phili!!ines in Congress assembled:
SECT5-' 1. Title. ( This 0ct shall be 7nown as the "Technical
Education and Skills Development Act of1994" or the "TESDA
Act of 1994".
SEC. $. Declaration of Policy. ( 5 t is hereby declared the !olicy
of the State to !rovide relevant" accessible" high #uality and
efficient technical education and s7ills develo!ment in su!!ort
of the develo!ment of high #uality %ili!ino middle(level
man!ower res!onsive to and in accordance with Phili!!ine
develo!ment goals and !riorities.
The State shall encourage active !artici!ation of various
concerned sectors" !articularly !rivate enter!rises" being direct
!artici!ants in and immediate beneficiaries of a trained and
s7illed wor7force" in !roviding technical education and s7ills
develo!ment o!!ortunities.
IIIJS7illJ shall mean the ac#uired and !racticed ability to carry
out a tas7 or 3ob9
JS7ills Develo!mentJ shall mean the !rocess through which
learners and wor7ers are systematically !rovided with
learning o!!ortunities to ac#uire or u!grade" or both" their
ability" 7nowledge and behavior !attern re#uired as
#ualifications for a 3ob or range of 3obs in a given occu!ational
area9
JTechnical EducationJ shall refer to the education !rocess
designed at !ost(secondary and lower tertiary levels" officially
recogni,ed as non(degree !rograms aimed at !re!aring
technicians" !ara(!rofessionals and other categories of middle(
level wor7ers by !roviding them with a broad range of general
education" theoretical" scientific and technological studies" and
related 3ob s7ills training9
JTrainersJ shall mean !ersons who direct the !ractice of s7ills
towards immediate im!rovement in some tas79
JTraineesJ shall mean !ersons who are !artici!ants in a
vocational" administrative or technical training !rogram for the
!ur!ose of ac#uiring and develo!ing 3ob(related s7ills9
III SEC. +. Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority !reation. ( To im!lement the !olicy declared in this
0ct" there is hereby created a Technical Education and S7ills
Develo!ment 0uthority (TESD0" hereinafter referred to as the
0uthority" which shall re!lace and absorb the 'ational
4an!ower and @outh Council ('4@C" the >ureau of
Technical and *ocational Education (>T*E and the !ersonnel
and functions !ertaining to technical(vocational education in
the regional offices of the De!artment of Education" Culture
and S!orts (DECS and the a!!renticeshi! !rogram of the
>ureau of ?ocal Em!loyment of the De!artment of ?abor and
Em!loyment.
RepuDlic Act #o/ '&==
A# A! I#S!I!"!I#4 A
2RAMEWOR< O2 4O+ER#A#E
2OR BASI E$"A!IO#-
ES!ABLISHI#4 A"!HORI!% A#$
AO"#!ABILI!%- RE#AMI#4
!HE $EPAR!ME#! O2
E$"A!IO#- "L!"RE A#$
SPOR!S AS !HE $EPAR!ME#! O2
E$"A!IO#- A#$ 2OR O!HER
P"RPOSES
SE/ 3/ $ecla.ation of Policy/
Idecla.ed the policy of the State to
p.otect and p.omote the .ight of all
citiBens to Guality Dasic education
Isuch education accessiDle to all Dy
p.o@iding all 2ilipino child.en a f.ee
and compulso.y education
Ielementa.y le@el and f.ee education in
the high school le@el
Ialte.nati@e lea.ning systems fo. Dasic
education to p.o@ide them Eith the
s?ills- ?noEledge and @alues they need
to Decome
Schoolhea.t of the fo.mal educational
systems
aim, p.o@ide the Dest possiDle education
Section 5/ Pu.poses and ODKecti@es/
I!o ma?e schools and lea.ning cente.s
the most impo.tant @ehicle fo.,
teaching and lea.ning of national @alues
de@eloping in the 2ilipino lea.ne.s lo@e
of count.y and p.ide in its .ich
he.itageL
I!o ensu.e that schools and lea.ning
cente.s .ecei@e the ?ind of focused
attention they dese.@e and that
educational p.og.ams- p.oKects and
se.@ices ta?e into account the inte.ests
of all memDe.s of the community
I!o enaDle the schools and lea.ning
cente.s to .eflect the @alues of the
community
Section ;/ $efinition of te.ms
Alte.nati@e Lea.ning SystemIIIto
p.o@ide a @iaDle alte.nati@e to the
eHisting fo.mal education inst.uction
Basic EducationIIIeducation intended to
meet Dasic lea.ning needs Ehich lays
the foundation on Ehich suDseGuent
lea.ning can De Dased
encompasses ea.ly childhood-
elementa.y and high school education
as Eell as alte.nati@e lea.ning systems
fo. outIofIschool youth and adult
lea.ne.s and includes education fo.
those Eith special needs
luste. of SchoolsIIIa g.oup of schools
Ehich a.e geog.aphically contiguous
and D.ought togethe. to imp.o@e the
lea.ning outcomes
2o.mal EducationIIIsystematic and
deliDe.ate p.ocess of hie.a.chically
st.uctu.ed and seGuential lea.ning
co..esponding to the gene.al concept of
elementa.y and seconda.y le@el of
schooling
Info.mation EducationIIIa lifelong
p.ocess of lea.ning Dy Ehich e@e.y
pe.son acGui.es and accumulates
?noEledge- s?ills- attitudes and insights
f.om daily eHpe.iences at home- at
Eo.?- at play and f.om life itself
integ.ated SchoolsIIIa school that offe.s
a complete Dasic education in one
school site and has unified inst.uctional
p.og.ams
Lea.ne.IIIany indi@idual see?ing Dasic
lite.acy s?ills and functional life s?ills
o. suppo.t se.@ices fo. the
imp.o@ement of the Guality of hisMhe.
life
Lea.ning ente.IIIIa physical space to
house lea.ning .esou.ces and facilities
of a lea.ning p.og.am fo. outIofIschool
youth and adults
Lea.ning 2acilitato.IIIthe ?eyIlea.ning
suppo.t pe.son Eho is .esponsiDle fo.
supe.@isingMfacilitating the lea.ning
p.ocess and acti@ities of the lea.ne.s
#onI2o.mal EducationIIIany
o.ganiBed- systematic educational
acti@ity ca..ied outside the f.ameEo.?
of the fo.mal system to p.o@ide selected
types of lea.ning to a segment of the
population
Nuality EducationIIIIthe
app.op.iateness- .ele@ance and
eHcellence of the education gi@en to
meet the needs and aspi.ations of an
indi@idual and society
School Head
a pe.son .esponsiDle fo. the
administ.ati@e and inst.uctional
supe.@ision of the school o. cluste. of
schools
School
Ian educational institution- p.i@ate and
puDlic- unde.ta?ing educational
ope.ation Eith a specific ageIg.oup of
pupils o. students pu.suing defined
studies at defined le@els- .ecei@ing
inst.uction f.om teache.s