Ashley DuFour

Chapter 4 Guided Reading (Greece and Iran)

A.P. History
Guided Reading Chapter 4
Greece and Iran, 1000 b.c.e. 400 c.e.
Directions !ou "ust ans#er #ho, #hat, #here, #hen and #hy i"portant
$or the %ocabu&ary that are &abe&ed #ith an asteris' and ans#er A(( o$ the
)uestions. Ans#ers shou&d be in a di$$erent co&or $ont and shou&d be turned
in to turnitin.co" and to the c&ass crate #hen due.
*er"s
1. Magi
2. **Satrap
The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a
relative of the king. The Satraps court was a miniature version of the
roal court. The tendenc for the position of the satrap to !ecome
hereditar meant that their families lived in the province governed !
their head, ac"uired knowledge a!out local conditions, and formed
connections with the local elite. The farther a province was from the
center of the empire, the more autonom the satrap had, !ecause slow
communications made it impractical to refer most matters to the central
administration.
3. **#oroastrianism
A religion originating in Ancient $ran that was the official religion of the
Achaemenids. The origins of the religion are shrouded in uncertaint. The
Persians were sensitive to the !eauties of nature and venerated !eneficent
elements. This religion preached in one supreme deit, held humans at
high ethical standards, and promised salvation. E%erted a ma&or influence
on 'udaism, which means it indirectl affected (hristianit.
4. **Polis
)reek term for cit*state, an ur!an center and the agricultural territor
under its control. (it*states came in various si+es, with populations as
small as several thousand or as larger as several hundred thousand in the
case of Athens.
. Acropolis
!. Agora
". **,oplites
,eavil armored infantrmen who fought in close formation. Militias
composed of middle*class and upper*class citi+ens suppling their own
e"uipment. The were superior to all other militar forces for centuries.
#. Trant
$. -emocrac
1%.Histories
11.,elots
12.Peloponnesian .eague
13.(ouncil of /00
14.-elian .eague
1.Trireme
Indi%idua&s + Peop&e
1!.Achaemenids
1".**(rus
1ounder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2etween /00 and /30 2.(.E. he
con"uered Media, .dia, and 2a!lon. 4evered in the traditions of !oth $ran
and the su!&ect peoples, he emploed the Persians and Medes in his
administration and respected the institutions and !eliefs of su!&ect peoples.
1#.**-arius $
Third ruler of the Persian Empire 5r./67*89: 2.(.E.; ,e crushed the
widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all ma&or government posts
to Persians rather than Medes. ,e esta!lished a sstem of provinces and
tri!ute , !egan construction of Persepolis, and e%panded Persian control in
the east 5Pakistan; and the west 5northern )reece;.
1$.,ellenes
2%.2ar!aroi
21.,erodotus
22.Solon
23.Pericles
24.<er%es
2.Sophists
2!.**Socrates
Athenian philosopher 5ca. 8=0*3>> 2.(.E.; who shifted the emphasis of
philosophical investigation from "uestions of natural science to ethics and
human !ehavior. ,e attracted oung disciples from elite families !ut made
enemies ! revealing the ignorance and pretentions of others, culminating his
trial and e%ecution ! the Athenian state.
Chapter 4 Guided Reading (Greece and Iran)
2".**Plato
A student o& 'ocrates that represents the (rst truly literate
generation that gained )uch *no+ledge &ro) ,oo*s in
ha,itually +rote do+n their thoughts. -e &ounded the Acade)y
a place +here young )an could pursue a higher course o&
education and plato also retained traces o& the orality o& the
+orld in +hich he had gro+n.up/ &or e0a)ple he used the
'ocratic )ethod o& 1uestion.and.ans+er.
2#.Philip $$ of Macedon
2$.**Ale%ander the )reat
2ing o& 3acedonia in northern Greece. 4et+een 334 in 323
4.C.5. he con1uered the 6ersian 5)pire/ reached the Indus
7alley/ &ounded )any Gree* style cities/ and spread Gree*
culture across the )iddle east. 8ater *no+n as Ale0ander the
great.
3%. 9he 6tole)ies
31.::;ueen Cleopatra
9he last o& the the 6tole)ies/ a 3acedonian dynasty that
descended &ro) Ale0ander the Great and lasted &or three
centuries. 8earned the language o& her egyptian su,<ects due to
5gyptians= gro+ing resent)ent o& the Gree*s= e0ploitation and
arrogance.
P&aces?
32.Anatolia
33.Persepolis
34.The Peloponnese
3.Attica
3!.Macedonia
3".**Ale%andria
9he greatest city o& all +ith a large population and a signi(cant
royal co)pound. 9hey had >ery sophisticated technology/
)athe)atics/ and science. 9hey had a Gree* style polis +ith an
asse),ly/ counsel/ and o?cials. Ancient plays +ere per&or)ed
and re>i>ed. @ther cultures such as 'yria/ Anatolia and 5gyptian
+ere integrated.
,"pires + -ingdo"s
3#.Persian Empire
,ras + Periods + ,%ents
3$.The )reek @-ark AgesA
4%.**The Persian Bars
conAicts ,et+een Gree* city states and the 6ersian 5)pire/
ranging &ro) the Ionian re>olt through Darius=s puniti>e
e0pedition that &ailed at 3arathon and the de&eat o& Ber0es=
)assi>e in>asion o& Greece ,y the 'partan led -ellenic league.
9his (rst )a<or set,ac* &or 6ersian ar)s launch the Gree*s into
their period o& greatest cultural producti>ity. -erodotus
chronicled these e>ents in the (rst ChistoryC in the Destern
tradition.
41.**Peloponnesian Bar
A protracted and costly conAict ,et+een the Athenian and
'partan alliance syste)s that con>ulsed )ost o& the Gree*
+orld. 9he +orld +as largely a conse1uence o& Athenian
i)perialis). 6ossession o& a na>al 5)pire allo+ed Athens to
(ght a +ar o& attrition. Elti)ately/ 'parta pre>ailed ,ecause o&
Athenian errors and 6ersian (nancial support
42.@,ellenistic AgeA
.or's o$ Art+Architecture+(iterature
43.Iliad and Odyssey
44.Parthenon
/uestions to 0ut&ine
1. Cutline the @coloni+ationA efforts of the )reeks.
)reece was a relativel resource* poor region. )reek merchants,
mercenaries, and travelers were in contact with other people and !rought
home foreign goods and ideas. )reeks settled in other parts of the
Mediterranean and 2lack Sea, !ringing their language and culture and
influencing other societies !ecause the were under the pressure of
population, povert, war, or political crisis. )reek civili+ation arose in the
lands !ordering the Aegean Sea, the )reek mainland, the Aegean islands,
and the western coast of Anatolia. )reek farmers depended on rainfall for
water for their crops. The had limited ara!le land, thin soil, and sparse
rainfall and could not sustain larger populations. 1armers planted wheat,
olives, and grapevines. Dorthern )reece had greater rainfall and open
!road plains. ,orses and cattle were a!undant. Their lands had few
deposits and little tim!er, !ut !uilding stone, fine mar!le, and cla were
a!undant. The )reek mainland had a deepl pitted coastline with man
natural har!ors. The had a difficult of overland transport, the
availa!ilit of good anchorages, and the need to import metals, tim!er,
and grain.
2. Bhat were the characteristics of the )reek slave tradeE
Slaves were mostl of foreign origin, and were one*third of the population
of Attica in the fifth and fourth centuries 2.(.E. The average Athenian
famil owned one or more. Slaves ran the shop or worked on the farm
while the master was !us at meeting of the Assem!l or serving on the
!oard that oversaw da*to*sa activities of the state. Slaves were a @living
piece of propertA and were re"uired to do an work, su!mit to an se%ual
acts, and receive an punishments that were given. Most )reek slaves
were domestic servants, often working on the same tasks as the master or
mistress.
3. (ompare and contrast the roles of women in Sparta and Athens.
Sparta*
Bomen were e%pected to !ear and raise strong children
Bere encouraged to e%ercise
The en&oed a level of pu!lic visi!ilit and outspokenness that shocked
other )reeks.
,ad more freedom
Athens*
Bere at the opposite e%tremes as regards to the confinement and
suppression of women.
Athenian marriages were une"ual affairs. The hus!and and wife
rarel spent time together, not even at night. The hus!and would !e
with his friends then sleep in another room.
Bere treated like children
4. -escri!e Persian religious !eliefs during the height of the Persian
Empire. At the height o& the 6ersian 5)pire Foroastrianis)
+as practice and Darius and his successors pro,a,ly ,elie>ed
in it although the origins o& this religion are shrouded in
uncertainty. Darius ,elie>ed that Ahura)aGda / 9he +ise 8ord/
created the +orld in an original state o& per&ection ,ut it +as
,adly da)aged ,y attac*s ,y Angra 3ainyu/ 9he hostile
spirit/ ,ac*ed ,y a host o& de)ons. In addition Darius <oint
this )oral theology to political ideology. he clai)ed that the
di>inely ordained )ission o& the e)pire +as to ,ring all the
scattered peoples o& the +orld ,ac* together again under his
regi)e o& <ustice and there&ore restore the per&ection o&
creation. Ender this religion 6ersians +ere e0pected to *eep
pro)ises and tell the truth and also to respect nature and (re.
. E%plain what is meant ! the ,ellenistic Age.
9he -ellenistic age +as ushered in ,y Ale0ander +hen he died
suddenly +ith no clear plans o& succession. 9he lands in
northeastern A&rica and +estern Asia that ca)e under Gree*
rule ,eca)e -elleniGed or po+er&ully inAuenced ,y Gree*
culture. 9his +as a period o& large *ingdo)s +ith heterogeneous
populations/ great cities/ po+er&ul rulers/ persuasi>e
,ureaucracies/ and >ast +ealth.