EAS 4300 Exam 3 April 6, 2009

NAME: _SOLUTION SHEET______________________________

1. Mark the statements below true or false by placing a T or F to the left of the letter
introducing the statement:
T (a) Axial flow compressor performance is limited by aerodynamic stall
T (b) Increasing the turbine entry stagnation temperature improves performance
F (c) A coarse propeller pitch setting is the best one for take-off performance
F(d) The centrifugal effect is an important contributor to axial flow compressor
performance
T (e) Axial flow turbine performance is limited by choking (15)

2. Define the efficiency of adiabatic compression by showing the process (using arrows
to show direction) on the thermodynamic plane below. The starting point is the entry to
the compressor, denoted by the numeral 2 on the diagram; the final point state should be
denoted by the numeral 3. Label all quantities clearly and complete the equation for η c
on the right of the diagram.

ht 3 '− ht 2
ηc =
ht 3 − ht 2

ht
pt,3

ht,3 pt,2 (10)

3. Write an equation for the percent reaction of an axial flow compressor stage in terms
h’t,3 entering and leaving the stage (w2, w3 and c2, c3,
of (a) the relative and absolute velocities
respectively) and (b) the static pressure change in the rotor and the static pressure change
in the stage, that is, the rotor and the stator. adiabatic-friction
ht,2 isentropic process
process
∆hrotor ( w2 − w3 )
2 2

(a) %r = = 2
∆hrotor + ∆hstator ( w2 − w32 ) + ( c32 − c22 )
s2 s3 s

∆protor
(b) %r = × 100
∆protor + ∆pstator
(10)

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EAS 4300 Exam 3 April 6, 2009

4. Air at standard sea level conditions enters an axial flow compressor rotor with an
absolute velocity c2 = 141m/s and an entry angle α 2 = 45o. The air leaves the rotor at an
absolute velocity c3 = 173m/s and an angle α 3 = 30o. If the blade passage is located at a
radius r = 0.5m from the axis of rotation, the angular speed of the rotor is ω = 1000s-1
and the mass flow rate is 1kg/s, (a) what is the tangential force Fu and (b) what is the
power P required by the rotor?

Fu = m ( c3u − c2u ) = m [ c3 cos 30 − c2 cos 45]

 2  2
(a)
Fu = m ( 173m / s )
2
3
− ( 141m / s )
2 
(
 = m  100 3 )
2
3
(
− 100 2 ) 
2 
 
Fu = ( 1kg / s ) [ 150m / s − 100m / s ] = 50kg − m / s 2
Fu = 50 N

P = ωTq = ω rFu = ( 1000 s −1 ) ( 0.5m ) ( 50 N ) = 25, 000 N − m / s

(b)
P = 25, 000W = 25kW

(15)

5. A turbine operating at an efficiency of adiabatic expansion of 92% processes 10kg/s of

a hot gas that enters the turbine with a stagnation temperature of 1500K. If the power
output of the turbine is 5MW what is the stagnation temperature leaving the turbine? You
may assume that the gas properties are as follows: cp=1kJ/kg-K, γ =3/2, and R= 1/3
kJ/kg-K.

Wt = P/m = 5x106W/10kg/s = 5x105J/kg

Wt=cp(Tt4 – Tt5) = (1000J/kg-K)[1500K – Tt5] = 5x105J/kg

Tt5 = 1500K – (5x105J/kg)/(103J/kg-K) = 1500K – 500K = 1000K

(15)

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EAS 4300 Exam 3 April 6, 2009

6. Make a neat sketch of the performance of an axial flow compressor, that is, a
compressor map. Label all quantities (including the x-axis) clearly

Surge or stall line

pt3 /pt2 η c
(compressor
(10) efficiency)

7. The compressor of a turbojet engine operates with a pressure ratio of 20 and an

efficiency of adiabatic compression of 90%. It processes 50kg/s of air and requires a
work per unit mass of 200kJ/kg to operate. What is the power delivered byN/ θ turbine,
the 2
1/2
(corrected rpm)
assuming that the fuel flow rate may be neglected?
w’θ 21/2 /δ 2 (corrected weight flow)

Pc = mWc = (50kg/s)(200kJ/kg) = 10,000kJ/s = 10,000kW = 10MW

Pt = Pc =10MW

(10)

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EAS 4300 Exam 3 April 6, 2009

8. For the rotor wheel shown below sketch in the rest of the velocity diagrams and the
airfoil, in the form of a simple arc, that would properly accommodate them. Label all
quantities clearly
c2
w2 cA

u
airfoil sketch

w3 c3
cA

(15)
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-
Some general equations are listed below:

 γ 2 −1

c p ,2Tt ,2  pt ,3  γ 2
Wc =    − 1
ηad ,c  pt ,2 
 
 γ 4 −1

  p  γ4

Wt = ηad ,e c p ,4Tt ,4 1 −  t ,5
 p  
  t ,4  

pt 3  η ad ,cWc  γ −1
= 1 + 
pt 2  c p Tt 2 

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EAS 4300 Exam 3 April 6, 2009

γ −1
 pt 3  γ
  −1
 pt 2 
ηad ,c =
   i γ −1   
 n  1  pt( 3)  γ   
 ∏ 1 + ( i )  ( i )   − 1  − 1
 i =1  η ad ,c  pt 2    
  