Chapter Chapter 23 23

Lectures 10 Lectures 10- -11 11

pp
Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux
and and Faradays Law of Induction Faradays Law of Induction
Worlds first electric motor
Worlds first electric car
Units Units
Induced Electromotive Force Induced Electromotive Force
Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux
Faradays Law of Induction Faradays Law of Induction
Lenzs Law Lenzs Law Lenz s Law Lenz s Law
Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy
Generators and Generators and Motors Motors
Inductance Inductance
RL RL Circuits Circuits
Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field gy g gy g
Transformers Transformers
Induced Induced Electromotive Force Electromotive Force
Faradays experiment: Faradays experiment: closing the switch in the closing the switch in the
primary circuit induces a current in the primary circuit induces a current in the
secondary circuit, but only while the current in secondary circuit, but only while the current in
the primary circuit is changing the primary circuit is changing the primary circuit is changing. the primary circuit is changing.
The current in the secondary circuit
is zero as long as the current in the
Michael Faraday
(1791-1867) is zero as long as the current in the
primary circuit, and therefore the
magnetic field in the iron bar, is not
changing.
(1791-1867)
Current flows in the secondary
circuit while the current in the primary
is changing. It flows in opposite
di ti d di h th th directions depending on whether the
magnetic field is increasing or
decreasing.
The magnitude of the induced The magnitude of the induced
current is proportional to the rate at
which the magnetic field is changing.
One does not need the first circuit to illustrate the effect: One does not need the first circuit to illustrate the effect:
Magnetic Magnetic Flux Flux
Recall electric fl Recall electric fl Introd ce magnetic fl Introd ce magnetic fl Recall: electric flux Recall: electric flux Introduce: magnetic flux Introduce: magnetic flux
Electric flux is a measure of Magnetic flux is a measure of the strength Electric flux is a measure of
the strength of the electric
field perpendicular to a
surface.
Magnetic flux is a measure of the strength
of the magnetic field perpendicular to a
surface.

=
C
m N
EA
2
cos
[ ] weber W m T BA , 1 cos
2
= =
Faradays Faradays Law of Induction Law of Induction
Faradays law: Faradays law: Faradays law: Faradays law:
An An emf emf is induced only when the is induced only when the
magnetic flux through a loop magnetic flux through a loop
i f
i f
t t
N
t
N

magnetic flux through a loop magnetic flux through a loop

changes with time. changes with time.
Many Many devices devices operate operate on the basis of Faradays law on the basis of Faradays law. .
For example the electric guitar: For example the electric guitar: For example, the electric guitar: For example, the electric guitar:
Lenzs Lenzs Law Law
L L LL AA i d d t l fl i i d d t l fl i Lenzs Lenzs Law: Law: An An induced current always flows in a induced current always flows in a
direction that direction that opposes opposes the change that caused it. the change that caused it.
Therefore, if the magnetic field is increasing, the Therefore, if the magnetic field is increasing, the
magnetic field created by the induced current will be magnetic field created by the induced current will be
in the opposite direction; if decreasing, it will be in in the opposite direction; if decreasing, it will be in
the same direction. the same direction.
Heinrich Heinrich Lenz Lenz
(1804 (1804--1865) 1865)