Reviewer Geometry

CSI Review for UP College Admission Test
1
Reviewer for Geometry

I. Undefined Terms in Geometry: Point, Line and Plane

*Why undefined?
- Their meanings are accepted without definition;
- They are not defined by words but can be defined in a way that their meaning can be accepted at all

A. Point
simply represented by a dot and usually named using a capital letter (e.g. P for point P)
dimensionless; has no length, width or thickness
indicates place or position

B. Line
a set points that can extend indefinitely in both directions
can be determined by at least two points
can either be straight or curved lines
denoted by AB
or

has one dimension

Subsets of a line
1. Line segment
set of points consisting of two points on the line called endpoints and the
points on the line between these endpoints
denoted by AB

2. Half-line
Set of points on one side of the point of division

3. Ray
set of points consisting of one point on a line (endpoint) and all points on
one side of the endpoint
denoted by
; the first letter is always the endpoint of the ray

C. Plane
Set of points that form a flat surface extending indefinitely
in all directions
Can be named either by using a small letter (e.g. plane p),
the letters representing the vertices (or corners) of a plane
(e.g. plane ABCD) or by using three letters representing
three points in the plane that are not collinear (e.g plane
JKL)

Collinear points - points that do not lie on the same straight line

Congruent segments - lines having the same measure

Midpoint of a segment - a point on the segment that divides it
into 2 equal parts

Bisector of a line segment - a line (or a part of a line) that
intersects a line segment at its midpoint

A
B
k
A
B
A
B
A B
p

C D
J
L
K
D E F
m

Reviewer for Geometry 2

II. Rays and Angles

Opposite rays - rays of the same line having their endpoint
as their only common point

Angle - a set of points formed by uniting two rays in one
common endpoint

A. Parts of Angles
1. Sides
2. Vertex

In naming angles, the symbol is used.

B. Ways of naming angles
1. By a capital letter that names its vertex: _________

2. By a lowercase letter/number placed inside the angle: ________

3. By three capital letters (the middle letter is the vertex; the first and third letters are from two
points on different rays/sides: ________

Degree () - a common unit used in measuring angles

Protractor - simple device used in measuring angles

C. Types of Angles
1. Acute angle - greater than 0 but less than
90

2. Right angle - measures 90

3. Obtuse angle - greater than 90 but less
than less than 180

4. Straight angle - measures 180

Notation for measure of angles: m followed by the name of the angle
A
B
C
E F
D
G
H
I
J
K L
D E F
ray ray
G
H
J
y


Congruent angles -angles with equal measures

Angle bisector - a ray whose endpoint is that of the angle, and
divides the angle into two congruent angles

Perpendicular lines - two lines that intersect to form right angle
Symbol used to denote perpendicular lines:

Adjacent angles - two angles in the same plane sharing the
same vertex and one common side but do not have any interior
point in common

Complementary angles - two angles whose sum is 90

Supplementary angles - two angles whose sum is 180

Linear angle pair - pair of adjacent angles that are
supplementary of one another; their sum forms a
straight angle

Vertical angles - two angles in which the sides of one angle are opposite rays to the side of the other
angle

VZW and XZY are vertical angles.
VZX and WZY are vertical angles.

III. Parallel Lines

Coplanar points/lines points/lines that lie on the same plane

Parallel Lines coplanar lines having no points in common (or all points in
common)
Symbol used to denote parallel lines:

Transversal a line that intersects two other coplanar lines in two
different points

Interior angles angles found between two lines intersected by the
transversal

Exterior angles angles not found between two lines intersected by
the transversal

Alternate interior angles interior angles that are on opposite sides of the transversal and do not have a
common vertex

V
W
Y
X
Z
L
q
k
m
n
1
2
4
3
5 6
8
7
P
Q
R
S
M N P
Q
R

Alternate exterior angles exterior angles that are on opposite sides of the transversal and do not have
a common vertex

Corresponding angles one exterior and one interior angle that are on the same side of the transversal
and do not have a common vertex

Properties of Parallel Lines
Through a given point not on the given line, there exists one and only one line parallel to the
given line and passes through the given point.
If, in a plane, a line intersects one of two parallel lines, then it intersects the other line.
Transversal forms congruent alternate interior angles.
Transversal forms congruent corresponding angles.
Transversal forms supplementary interior angles lie on the same side of the transversal
If a transversal is perpendicular to one of the two parallel lines, then it is also perpendicular to
the other.
A third line in the same plane parallel to one of the two parallel lines is parallel to the other.

IV. Triangles

Polygon - a closed figure formed by union of line segments such that segments intersect only at their
endpoints and no segments sharing an endpoint are collinear

Triangle - a polygon that exactly has three (3) sides and three (3) corners

A. Classification:

Parts of an Isosceles Triangle

Triangles
Sides
Angles
Scalene Isosceles
Equilateral
Acute Obtuse
Equiangular
Right
Isosceles
right
Can be classified according to


B. Centers of a Triangle
Altitude a line segment drawn from one vertex
perpendicular to its opposite side.
CF
is the altitude to AB

EB
is the altitude to AC

DA
is the altitude to CB

Orthocenter point where altitudes of a triangle
intersect
Point G is the orthocenter

Median a line segment that connects one vertex and
the midpoint of its opposite side
In LJK, the medians are
and
.

Centroid point where three medians intersect; divides
each median in the ratio of 2:1
Point O is the centroid of LJK.

Perpendicular bisector of the sides of a triangle a line
(or line segment) perpendicular to one side of the
triangle at its midpoint

Circumcenter point where the three perpendicular
bisectors of the sides of a triangle intersect; the center
of the circle that can be circumscribed about the
triangle
Point V is the centroid of STU.

Angle bisector a line segment that
bisects one angle and ends at any point
on the opposite side
GM
is the angle bisector of JGH.

JQ
is the angle bisector of GJH.

HL
is the angle bisector of JHG.

Incenter Point where angle bisectors
of a triangle intersect; the center of the
circle that can be inscribed in the triangle
Point R is the incenter of JGH.

C. Triangle Congruence Theorems

Congruent triangles
A B
C
E
D
F
G
G H
H
J
L
M
Q
R
J K
L
M N
P
O
S U
T
V

- Triangles having the size and shape
- Triangles wherein every side of one triangle is congruent to the other triangle; every angle of one
triangle is congruent to the other

Symbol used for congruent triangles (or polygons):

Included side - side between two angles of a triangle

Included angle - angle between two sides of a triangle

Congruence Theorems:
1. Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence - two sides and included angle of one triangle are congruent
to those of the other triangle
2. Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence - two angle and included side of one triangle are congruent
to those of the other triangle
3. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence - three sides of one triangle are congruent to those of the other
4. Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence - two angles and one side opposite to either angle of one
triangle are congruent to those of the other

Exercises Identify the theorem that proves the congruence of the following pairs of triangles. If the given
sides/angles are not sufficient to prove their congruence, write X.
1.
__________
2.

KLM and NOP
where mK = mN, mL = mO and mM = mP

__________

3.
__________
4.
__________
S T
V U
B
C
D
E
F
R
S
T
U

5.
(FIG and FHG)
__________
6.
__________

D. Triangle Similarity Theorems

Two triangles are similar if:
1. All pairs of corresponding angles are congruent; and
2. The ratios of the lengths of all pairs of corresponding sides are equal

Symbol used for similar triangles (or polygons): tilde (~)

Similarity Theorems:
1. AA Similarity Theorem - two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of the other
triangle
2. SSS Similarity Theorem - ratios of corresponding sides of two triangles are equal
3. SAS Similarity Theorem - Ratios of two pairs of corresponding sides are equal and the
corresponding included angles are congruent

Exercises
Give the theorem that proves the similarity of the given triangle pairs. If none, write X.

1.
__________
2.
__________
F G
I H
J
Q
R
S T
A
C H
F K
U
S T
P
L M
12 20
28
3 5
7


3. UPD and QTH
Given: mU = mQ; UP = 100; UD = 80;
QH = 20; QT = 16
__________
4.
__________

E. Triangle Inequality Theorem
-The length of one side of a triangle is always less than the sum of the lengths of the other two sides.

V. Quadrilaterals
- A polygon with four sides

Consecutive/Adjacent Vertices - vertices at endpoints of the same side

Consecutive/Adjacent Sides - sides having a common endpoint

Consecutive angles - angles whose vertices are consecutive vertices

Opposite sides - sides having no common endpoint

Opposite angles - nonconsecutive/nonadjacent angles

Diagonal - a line segment whose endpoints are nonconsecutive vertices

*In a quadrilateral, sum of measures of all angles = 360

A. Classification
U
P
L B
O
2
16


1. Parallelogram
- Two pairs of parallel sides
- Opposite sides are parallel.
- Opposite angles are congruent.
- Two consecutive angles are supplementary.
- Diagonals bisect each other.
- Each diagonal divides it into two congruent triangles.

2. Rectangle
- A parallelogram whose angles are right
- Diagonals are congruent

3. Rhombus
- A parallelogram with all sides congruent
- Diagonals are perpendicular
- Each diagonal bisects opposite angles

4. Square
- A rectangle with all sides congruent
- Possesses properties of rhombus

5. Trapezoid
- Two and only two sides are parallel
Parts of a trapezoid:
Bases - parallel sides
Legs - nonparallel sides

*Isosceles trapezoid
- A trapezoid whose non-parallel sides are congruent
- Diagonals are congruent

Median of a trapezoid
- Line segment whose endpoints are midpoints of the nonparallel sides
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Isosceles
Trapezoid
Parallelogram
Rectangle
Square
Rhombus
Kite
Quadrilaterals

- Parallel to the bases
- Length is one-half the sum of lengths of the parallel sides

6. Kite
- A special quadrilateral that consists of two pairs of consecutive sides that are parallel to each
other
- With two perpendicular diagonals wherein one bisects the other diagonal while the latter does
not bisect the former

7. Trapezium a quadrilateral with no parallel sides

Cyclic quadrilateral
- Quadrilateral that can be inscribed in a circle (circumcircle)
- Only quadrilaterals whose perpendicular bisectors of all four sides are
concurrent (those four bisectors intersect at only one point circumcenter)
can be inscribed in a circle.
- For a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles are supplementary.

Exercises Identify whether each of the following statements about quadrilaterals is TRUE or FALSE.
1. A square is a rhombus.
2. In a rhombus, all angles are right angles.
3. A parallelogram is a square.
4. In an isosceles trapezoid, the nonparallel sides are congruent.
5. The base angles of a trapezoid are always congruent.
6. In a trapezoid, there are always two pairs of supplementary angles.
7. Any isosceles trapezoid can be inscribed in a circle.
8. The diagonals of a kite bisects each other.
9. The sum of measures of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 360.
10. Opposite sides of any parallelogram are congruent.

B. Perimeter (P)
-sum of length of all sides of the quadrilateral

For square/rhombus: P = 4s
Where s = length of one side

For rectangle: P = 2(l + w)
Where l = length and w = width

C. Area (A)
- Number of non-overlapping square units contained in a closed figure

Area of Quadrilaterals

Area Notes
Square A = s
2

A =
1
2
d
2

s = length of side;
d = length of diagonal
Rectangle A = lw l = length
w =width
Parallelogram A = bh b = base
h = height

Rhombus A = bh
A =
1
2
d
1
d
2

d1 and d2 = length of two
diagonals
Trapezoid
A =
(b
1
+ b
2
)(h)
2

b1 and b2 = length of the two
bases;
h = height
Kite
A =
1
2
d
1
d
2

d1 and d2 = length of the two
diagonals

Exercises
1. Find the area.

A = ________

A = ________

A = ________

Polygon BEAUTY, given that BY
ET
AU

A = ________
2. What is the area of a square whose perimeter is 24 cm?
3. The width of a rectangle is 5 less than twice its length. If the area of the rectangle is 12 dm2, what
is its perimeter?

VI. Polygons
- classified as:
Convex polygon - each interior angle measures less than 180
Concave polygon - at least one interior angle measures greater than 180



Convex Polygon Concave Polygon

Consecutive angles angles whose vertices are endpoints of a common sides

Consecutive/adjacent vertices vertices of consecutive angles

Diagonals line segments whose endpoints are two non-adjacent vertices

Internal angles angles formed by 2 adjacent sides of the polygon
Sum of measures of internal angles for a polygon with n sides = 180(n-2)
For equiangular polygon:
Measure of internal angle on each vertex of the polygon = (
)

External angles angles that form a linear pair with the internal angles; internal and external angles are
supplementary.
Sum of measures of external angles for a polygon with n sides = 360
For equiangular polygon:
Measure of external angle on each vertex of the polygon =

Regular Polygon polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular
Center point inside a regular polygon equidistant from each vertex
Apothem line segment from the center of the polygon to the midpoint of one side of the
polygon

VII. Surface Area, Lateral Area and Volume of Solids

Dihedral angle union of two half-planes with a common edge
Measure of a dihedral angle measure of the plane angle formed by two rays each in a different half-
plane of the angle and each perpendicular to the common edge at the same point on the edge.

Perpendicular Planes two intersecting planes forming a right dihedral angle
Parallel Planes planes having no point in common

A. Polyhedron three-dimensional figure formed by the union of the surfaces enclosed by plane figures
faces portions of planes enclosed by a plane figure
edges intersection of the faces
vertices intersection of the edges

*Prism a polyhedron in which two of the faces (bases) are congruent polygons in parallel planes
Lateral sides surfaces between the corresponding sides of the bases

Lateral edges common edges of the lateral sides
Altitude line segment perpendicular to the two bases that
corresponds to the height of the prism (perpendicular distance
between the two bases)

*Rectangular Solid (or Rectangular Parallelepiped) solid having
rectangular bases and lateral edges perpendicular to the bases

*Cube a special rectangular solid with all its sides equal

B. Pyramid solid figure with a base that is a polygon and lateral faces that are
triangles
Vertex point where all lateral edges meet
Altitude perpendicular line segment from the vertex to the base
corresponding to the height of the pyramid
Slant height length of the altitude of each triangular lateral face

*Regular pyramid a pyramid whose base is a regular polygon hence its lateral faces are congruent
isosceles triangles

C. Cylinder Solid figure formed by congruent parallel closed curves and the surface
that joins them
Bases closed curves
Lateral surface surface that joins the bases
Altitude line segment perpendicular to the bases with endpoints on the
bases

*Right Circular Cylinder bases are congruent circles with segments joining the
centers of which are perpendicular to the bases

D. (Right Circular) Cone a solid figure similar to a pyramid but has a circular cross-
section.
Vertex (or apex) the tip of the cone
Base a circle instead of a polygon
Altitude line segment perpendicular to the base extending from the vertex
to the center of the base
Slant height distance from the vertex to any point on the circular base.

E. Spheres set of points in space equidistant to a fixed point (center)
Radius length of the line segment connecting the center and any
point on the sphere.

F. Lateral area, surface area and volume

Lateral area sum of the areas of the lateral faces

(Total) surface area lateral area + sum of areas of the bases

Volume space that is occupied by a solid or figures of three dimensions.

Lateral Area, Surface Area and Volume of some Solids

Lateral Area (LA) Surface Area (SA) Volume (V) Notes

Cube LA = 4s
2
SA = 6s
2
V = s
3
s = length of sides
Rectangular
solid
LA = 2(lh + wh) SA = 2(lw + lh + wh) V = lwh l=length; w=width;
h=height
Rectangular
pyramid
LA = Sum of the
areas of lateral faces
SA = LA + lw
V =
1
3
lwh
l=length; w=width;
h=height
Right circular
cylinder
LA = 2rh SA = 2rh + 2r
2
V = r
2
h r=radius;
h=height
Right circular
cone
LA = rhs SA = rhs + r
2

V =
1
3
r
2
h
r=radius;
h=height/altitude;
hs=slant height;
h
s
=
h
2
+r
2

Sphere -- SA = 4r
2

V =
4
3
r
3

r=radius

Exercises
1. Find the surface area of a rectangular solid whose dimensions are 5.0 cm by 8.0 cm by 3.0 cm.

2. The bases of a prism are isosceles triangles, whose lengths of the sides of the bases are 10 cm, 10
cm and 12 cm. The altitude to the longest side of the base is 8 cm. The height of the prism is 15 cm.
What are the total surface area and volume of the prism?

3. A fish tank in the form of a rectangular solid is to accommodate 6 fish, and each fish requires at least
7500 cm
3
of space. The dimensions of the base are 30 cm and 50 cm. What is the minimum height
that the tank needs to be?

4. A pyramid has a base that is a regular polygon with each side of the base measures 12 cm. If the
slant height is 30 cm, find the lateral area of the pyramid.

5. A square pyramid has a volume of 96 ft
3
. If it is 18 ft high, find the length of each side of the base.

6. Given a right circular cone with radius of 4 cm and height of 12 cm, calculate its lateral area, total
surface area and volume.

7. A cylinder has a radius of 4 cm. If a rectangular solid with dimensions of 4 cm by 3.5 cm by 6 cm has
the same volume as the cylinder, how high is the cylinder?

8. The spire of a city hall is in a shape of a cone with radius of 6 m. The slant height is 12 m. How
many gallons of paint will be consumed to paint the spire if a gallon of paint can cover 32 m
2
?

9. The radius of a ball is 4.5 cm. The ball is made up of a material that weighs 3 grams per square
centimeter. How much does the ball weigh?

10. What is the volume of a sphere whose surface area is 120 mm
2
?

VIII. Circles
A set of points in a plane equidistant from a fixed point of the plane (circle)
Divides a plane into three set of points:
Points on the circle
Points inside the circle (interior of the circle)

Points outside the circle (exterior of the circle)

A. Other parts of the circle
1. Radius (r) distance between the center and any point on the circle
2. Secant a line that intersects a circle at two points
3. Tangent a line in the plane of the circle that intersects a circle in one and only one point

Point of tangency point on the circle where the tangent line passes through

Common tangent a line tangent to each
of the two circles
o Common external tangent a
tangent line that does not cross the line
segments joining the centers of the two
circles
o Common internal tangent a
tangent line that crosses the line segments
joining the centers of the two circles

Two circles tangent to each other they are
tangent to the same line at the same point
o Externally tangent Every point of one
circle, except the point of tangency, is an
exterior point of the other circle
o Internally tangent Every point of one
circle, except the point of tangency, is an
interior of the other circle

4. Chord a line segments whose endpoints are points on the circle
5. Diameter (d) a chord that passes through the center of the circle; length is twice that of the
radius (d = 2r)
6. Apothem line segment perpendicular to the chord extending from the center of the circle to
the midpoint of the chord
7. Central angle an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle
8. Arc part/portion of a circle between two points on the circle
*Intercepted arc arc intercepted by an angle whose endpoints are on different rays of the
angle and other points on the arc are in the interior of the angle
*Degree measurement is equal to the central angle that intercepts the arc
Types of arc:
Minor arc degree measure of the arc is less than 180; usually denoted by two letters
Major arc degree measure of the arc is greater than 180; denoted by three letters
Semicircle degree measure = 180; denoted by three letters



B. Inscribed Angles and Angles formed by Tangents, Chords and Secants

1. Inscribed angle an angle whose sides are chords of the circle
and whose vertex is a point on the circle.

*Measure of inscribed angle = degree measure of the
intercepted arc

mY =
1
2
(mV) =
1
2
(mWX)

2. Angle formed by a Tangent and a Chord
measure is equal to one-half the degree measure of the
intercepted arc

mEDF =
1
2
(mED)

3. Angle formed by Two Chords Intersecting within a Circle measure is equal to one-half the
sum of the degree measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle

4. Angles formed by a Tangent and a Secant, two Secants, and two tangents (or circumscribed
angles) measure is equal to one-half the difference of degree measures of the intercepted
arcs
*For circumscribed angle:
Circumscribed angle = 180 - degree measure of the intercepted minor arc

C. Measures of Chords, Tangent Segments and Secant Segments

1. Segments of two Intersecting chords the product of the lengths of segments of one chord
is equal to the product of the measures of segments of the other chord.

Parts of a Circle
Center
Radius
Secant
Tangent
Chord
Diameter
Apothem
Central angle
Minor arc
Major arc
Semicircle

2. Segments formed by a tangent segment and a secant segment from an external point

Tangent segment segment of a tangent line with one of the endpoints at the point of
tangency

Secant segment segment of a line extending from an exterior point of the circle, passing
through two points on the circle and ends on the point of intersection that is far from the
starting point
o External segment of the secant part of the secant segment that is outside the circle

The square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of
the entire secant segment and its external segment.

3. Two secants formed from an external point The product of the lengths of one secant
segment and its external segment is equal to the product of the lengths on the other secant
segment and its external segment.

Angle Measure Length

mZVW = mYVX =
1
2
(mZW + mXY)

mZVY = mWVX =
1
2
(mWX + mYZ)
(ZV)(VX) = (YV)(VW)

mP =
1
2
(mUTW -
mVW)
(PW)
2
= (PU)(PV)

mP =
1
2
(mUT - mVW)
(PU)(PV) = (PT)(PW)


mP =
1
2
(mUTV-mUV)
= 180 - mUV
--

Exercises
1. Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle, mA = 80 and mAC = 88. Find:
a. mBC
b. mB
c. mC
d. mAB
e. mBAC

2. Triangle DEF is inscribed in a circle, DE
EF
and mEF = 100. Find

a. mD
b. mDE
c. mF
d. mE
e. mDF

3. If mB = 42 and mAEB = 104, find:
a. mA
b. mBC
c. mAD
d. mD
e. mC

4. If LP = 15 cm, RP = 12 cm and SP = 10 cm, find MP.



5. If mST = 100 and mQR = 40, find mP

6. If PQ = 8, PS = 25 and PR = 10, find PT.

7. If mQT = 170 and mQR = 70, find mP.

8. If mQR = 70 and mRT = 120, find mP.

9. If PQ = 6 and PT = 9, find RT.

10. If mRQ = 100, find mP.

D. Circles in Cartesian Coordinate Plane
1. Equations of a circle
a. General equation:

2
+
2
+ + + = 0
Where A = B

b. Standard (or center-radius) equation:
For a circle with radius r and center at (h,k)

( )
2
+( )
2
=
2

*Transformation from general equation to standard equation: Completing the square
*Transformation from standard equation to general equation: Binomial expansion, then
rearrangement

11. Tangents and Secants in the Coordinate plane
a. Tangents in the coordinate plane: Equation of the line tangent to the circle at point
(x1,y1)

i. Get the slope of the line passing through the center (h,k) and point point (x1,y1)
ii. Get the negative reciprocal of this slope (to obtain the slope of the tangent line)
iii. Find the equation of this line given the point of tangency and the slope of the
tangent line using the point-slope form:

1
= (
1
)

b. Secants in the coordinate plane: Points of intersection of a circle and a secant line
i. Get the equations of the circle and the secant line
ii. Solve the pair of equation algebraically.

Exercises
1. Write the standard and general equations for the following circles that has the given point as center
and r as the length of the radius.
a. (1,3); r = 5
b. (-2,0); r = 6
c. (0,-6); r = 9
d. (4,-2); r = 10
e. (-3,-4); r =2

2. Transform the equation x
2
+ y
2
+ 6x - 4y - 12 = 0 to its center-radius form.

3. Write the equation of a line tangent to a circle with equation x
2
+ y
2
= 25 at (4,-3).

4. Find the point/s of intersection of
a. The circle x
2
+ (y+2)
2
= 4 and the line x - y = 4

b. The circle x2 + y2 = 100 and x + y = 14

E. Circumference and Arc Length
1. Circumference (C) distance around a circle

C = d = 2r

Where (Greek letter pi) = 3.1415; d = diameter and r = radius

2. Arc length (s) for a given measure of arc (), in degrees, of a circle with radius r:

s =

180
r

F. Area
A = r
2
=
d
2
4

Exercises
1. What is the circumference and area of a circle with radius of 2.5 in?

2. What is the area of a circle if its circumference is 20 cm?


3. How many meters of fencing material is needed to enclose a circular lot with an area of 25 cm
2
?

4. What is the length, in inches, of an arc with a degree measure of 60 that is a part of a circle with
radius of 2 ft?

5. What is the degree measure of a 16-dm long arc of circle with radius of 24 dm?

IX. Right Triangle and the Pythagorean Theorem
Parts of a Right Triangle

A. Pythagorean Theorem

The square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
two legs:
2
=
2
+
2

*Distance Formula
The distance AB between the two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is given by:

= (
2

1
)
2
+(
2

1
)
2

Exercises
1. In each case, the lengths of the three sides of a triangle are given. Write RT if each triangle is a right
triangle and NRT if it is not.
a. 6, 8, 10

b. 7, 8, 12

c. 5, 7, 8

d. 14, 48, 50

e. 2, 23, 4

2. Find the length of a diagonal of a square if the measurement of one side is 8.0 cm.

3. Find the length of the side of a rhombus whose diagonals measure 40 cm and 96 cm.

4. One leg of a right triangle is 1 ft longer than the other leg. The hypotenuse is 9 ft longer than the
shorter leg. Find the lengths of the sides of the triangle.

5. A plot of land is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The lengths of the parallel sides are 109 and
95 feet. The length of the other two sides is 25 ft. what is the area of the plot of land?


6. A young tree is braced by wires that are 9 ft long and fastened at a point on the trunk of the tree 5
ft from the ground. How far form the foot of the tree the wires should be fastened to the ground in
order to be sure that the tree will be perpendicular to the ground?

7. Find the distance between each of the following pairs of points
a. (1,2) and (4,6)

b. (3,-2) and (5,4)

c. (6,2) and (1,-3)

d. (0,2) and (3,-1)

e. (4,-2) and (5-1)

B. Special Right Triangles
1. 45-45 Right Triangle (Isosceles Right Triangle)

2. 30-60 Right Triangle

*Area of an equilateral triangle whose length of each side is s:
=

s
s

45
45

30
60

C. Right Triangle Congruence Theorem
Hypotenuse-Leg Triangle Congruence Theorem the hypotenuse and one leg of one triangle is
congruent to those of the other triangle

Exercises
Write YES if HL congruence theorem can be applied to prove the congruence of the following triangle pairs;
otherwise, write NO.

1.

________

2.
(WRE and TER)
________

3.

________

D. Proportions in the Right Triangle

Projection of a point on the line the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from the point to the line

Projection of a segment on the line when the segment is not perpendicular to the line, is the
segment whose endpoints are the projections of the endpoints of the given segment on the line

1. The altitude to the hypotenuse of a right triangle
divides it into two similar triangles that are also
similar to the original triangle.

BDC ~ CDA ~ BCA

2. The length of each leg of a right triangle is the
geometric mean between the length of the projection
of that leg and the length of the hypotenuse.

CA = (DA)(BA)
BC = (BD)(BA)
A
C
B
D


3. The length of the altitude to the hypotenuse is the geometric mean between the lengths of the
projections of legs on the hypotenuse.

CD = (BD)(DA)

4. The products of the lengths of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the product of the lengths
of the hypotenuse and the altitude to the hypotenuse.

(CA)(BC) = (BA)(CD)

Exercises
Triangle ABC is a right triangle with ACB as the right angle. Altitude CD
intersects AD
at D. In each case,
find the required length.
a. If AD = 3 and CD = 6, find DB.

b. If AC = 10 and AD = 5, find AB.

c. If AD = 4 and DB = 9, find CD.

d. If AD = 2 and AB = 18, find AC.

e. If AC = 9 and CB = 12, find CD, DB and AB.

Reference:

GANTERT, A.X. 2008. Geometry. New York: Amsco School Publications, Inc.

END

Reviewer Geometry

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CSI Review for UP College Admission Test

; the first letter is always the endpoint of the ray

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