COURSE: COURSE: CE 201 (STATICS) CE 201 (STATICS)

LECTURE NO.: LECTURE NO.: 01 01

FACULTY: FACULTY: DR. SHAMSHAD AHMAD DR. SHAMSHAD AHMAD
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT: CIVIL ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY: UNIVERSITY: KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM
& MINERALS, DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA & MINERALS, DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA
TEXT BOOK: TEXT BOOK: ENGINEERING MECHANICS ENGINEERING MECHANICS- -STATICS STATICS
by R.C. HIBBELER, PRENTICE HALL by R.C. HIBBELER, PRENTICE HALL
LECTURE NO. 1
LECTURE NO. 1
INTRODUCTION, SCALARS & VECTORS
INTRODUCTION, SCALARS & VECTORS
Objectives:
Objectives:

To explain the
To explain the
basic definitions
basic definitions
of engineering
of engineering
mechanics
mechanics

To define
To define
scalars and vectors
scalars and vectors

To explain
To explain
vector operations
vector operations
, such as:
, such as:

Multiplication and division of a vector by a

Multiplication and division of a vector by a
scalar
scalar

Vector addition
Vector addition

Vector subtraction
Vector subtraction

Resolution of vector
Resolution of vector
Definitions
Definitions
:
:
Mechanics: It is the branch of physics dealing with state of
bodies under the influence of forces.
Statics: It is the branch of mechanics dealing with rigid
bodies at rest or those moving at a constant
velocity.
Dynamics: It is the branch of mechanics dealing with rigid
bodies at motion (acceleration).
PHYSICS
MECHANICS
DEFORMABLE
BODIES
RIGID
BODIES
FLUIDS
STATICS
(CE 201)
DYNAMICS
(ME 201)
SCALARS AND VECTORS
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Scalar Quantities
Scalar Quantities

A scalar
A scalar
is a quantity that
is a quantity that
has only magnitude
has only magnitude
, either
, either
positive or negative.
positive or negative.

For example,
For example,
mass, volume, and length
mass, volume, and length
are the scalar
are the scalar
quantities often used in statics.
quantities often used in statics.

Scalars are indicated by letters in italic type, such as

Scalars are indicated by letters in italic type, such as
the scalar
the scalar

A
A

.
.
SCALARS AND VECTORS
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Vector Quantities
Vector Quantities

A vector
A vector
is a quantity that
is a quantity that
has
has
both a magnitude and a
both a magnitude and a
direction.
direction.

For example,
For example,
position, force, and moment
position, force, and moment
are the
are the
vector quantities frequently encountered in statics.
vector quantities frequently encountered in statics.

Vectors are
Vectors are
indicated by bold letters
indicated by bold letters
, such as the
, such as the
vector
vector

A
A

or
or

The
The
magnitude of a vector is always a positive
magnitude of a vector is always a positive
quantity
quantity
and is symbolized in italic type,
and is symbolized in italic type,
written as or
written as or
A
A
A

A vector is
A vector is
represented graphically by an arrow
represented graphically by an arrow
,
,
which is used to define its
which is used to define its
magnitude magnitude ( (by the by the length length of the arrow of the arrow) )
direction direction ( (by the by the angle angle between a reference axis and between a reference axis and
the arrow the arrow s line of action s line of action) )
sense sense ( (by the by the arrowhead arrowhead) )
For
For
example
example
, the vector shown below has
, the vector shown below has
A magnitude = 4 units
A direction = 20, measured counterclockwise
from the horizontal axis
A sense which is upward and to the right
Point O is called tail of the vector
Point P is called tip or head of the vector
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Vector Quantities----contd.
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar
Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar

The product of a vector

The product of a vector
A
A
and a scalar
and a scalar
a
a
=
=
a
a
A
A

Magnitude of the product vector =

Magnitude of the product vector =
|
|
a
a
A|
A|

Sense of the product vector

Sense of the product vector
a
a
A
A
will be the same
will be the same
if
if
a
a
is positive
is positive

Sense of the product vector

Sense of the product vector
a
a
A
A
will be opposite
will be opposite
if
if
a
a
is negative
is negative
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar
Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar
---
---
Graphic examples of multiplication and division of a
Graphic examples of multiplication and division of a
vector
vector
A
A
are shown in the following Figures:
are shown in the following Figures:
Two vectors Two vectors A A and and B B may be added to form a resultant may be added to form a resultant
vector vector
R R = = A A + + B B
using the following methods: using the following methods:
Parallelogram law Parallelogram law
Triangle construction Triangle construction
Two given vectors
VECTOR OPERATIONS
Vector Addition
or
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
Vector Subtraction
Vector Subtraction

Vectors
Vectors
A
A
and
and
B
B
may be subtracted to form a resultant
may be subtracted to form a resultant
vector
vector
R
R

=
=
A
A

B
B
=
=
A
A
+ (
+ (

B
B
)
)
using the following methods:
using the following methods:
Parallelogram law Parallelogram law
Triangle construction Triangle construction
Triangular
construction
Two given
vectors
Parallelogram
law
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
VECTOR OPERATI ONS
Resolution of Vector
Resolution of Vector
A vector may be resolved into two components having known A vector may be resolved into two components having known
lines of action by using the parallelogram law. lines of action by using the parallelogram law.
For example, a vector For example, a vector R R may be resolved into two vectors may be resolved into two vectors A A
and and B B along the lines a and b, using the parallelogram law, as along the lines a and b, using the parallelogram law, as
shown below: shown below:
Multiple Choice Problems
1. The material properties of a body may be neglected by
(a) Particle idealization
(b) Rigid body idealization
(c) Concentrated force idealization
(d) None of the above
Multiple Choice Problems
2. According to the Particle idealization of a body,
---------- may be neglected
(a) area over which the load is applied
(b) geometry of the body
(c) material properties of the body
(d) None of the above
Multiple Choice Problems
3. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar will never change the vectors
(a) magnitude
(b) sense
(c) direction