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AS A TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTAL OF
FORMALISED DESCRIPTION OF MAPS
OTAKAR CERBA
Geomatics Section
Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of West Bohemia in Pilsen
Czech Republic
The Future of Maps and the Internet, November, 13-15, 2009 Viña Del Mar, Valparaiso, Chile
1
Introduction
2
Objectives
• Formalized description of map
• XML & XML schema languages
• RELAX NG language & its possibilities
• Formalized description of map through RELAX NG
• Future steps
• Conclusion
namespace dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" start = Atlas_element |
MapSet_element | Map_element Atlas_element = element Atlas {MapSet_or_Atlas}
MapSet_element = element MapSet {MapSet_or_Atlas} MapSet_or_Atlas =
MapSet_element* & ap_element* & Metadata_DCMI Map_element = element Map {
Technique_element+ & Metadata_DCMI} # Group of metadata elements common to all
root elements Metadata_DCMI = element dc:title {text} & element dc:creator
{text} & element dc:description {text}? Technique_element = element Technique {
attribute name "Choropleth"} &element SourceData {attribute uri {xsd:anyURI}
& attribute geometry {text} & element Parameter {text}* } & element Border
{attribute width {xsd:decimal}+ & attribute colour {text}+ & attribute structure
{text}+ }* & element Inside { attribute fillColour {text} | attribute fillURI
{xsd:anyURI} } & element Classification { attribute name {"Constant" |
"Qunatilies" | "Standard_deviation"}+ & attribute classesNumber {xsd:decimal}+}
3
Cartography vs. Information technologies
Automated Automated
processing processing
4
Situation in cartography
Data Format Specification
model
Specification Platform
Platform
Platform Standard
Data Format
model
Specification
Specification
Data
Standard model
Platform
Format
Specification
Format
Data
model
Standard Cartographer who wants to
Platform share maps, communicate,
through Internet and use WPS Standard
Standard
Data
model Standard Specification Format Data
model
5
Way from the labyrinth
IT IS IMPOSSIBLE!!!
HOW?
XML
6
XML? What is it?
7
XML? Why do we need it?
Self-description
XML
Independence
Freedom
Relations
8
XML schema languages? Why?
We have XML...
<Map>
• XML can have an effect of
bigger chaos.
• XML is not a concrete data
format. It is a set of rules for
building markup languages.
<map>
• Everybody can create and <MyMap>
use own names of elements
<My_Map>
and attributes
• No interoperability
Where is
? the promised interoperability?
The freedom to define tag names
and attributes has to be constrained
9
XML schema languages enable to...
10
XML schema languages enable unification, but...
XML-Data RELAX
XML-Data-Reduced Xduce
Document Content Description TREX
Schema for Object-Oriented XML Schematron
Document Definition Markup Language Examplotron
11
XML schema languages triumvirate
Other rules no no no
12
Which format is the best?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="Map">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element ref="Title"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="Title" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:schema>
14
RELAX NG patterns
15
RELAX is not all-powerful. Try DSDL
16
Advantages of XML-based description
Legend
Menu (GUI)
Cartographic technique
Visual variables
Metadata
Symbolisation
Source data
Output format
Classing
Scale
18
Example: Structure of maps
Atlas
dc:title
Metadata
MapSet dc:creator
(DCMI)
dc:description
Map
19
Example: Structure of maps
namespace dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
MapSet_or_Atlas =
MapSet_element* &
Map_element* &
Metadata_DCMI
Cartographic
techniques
modeling
Mid-level modeling process
Syntactic
types of Visual
cartographic variables
method
Decomposition Assignment of
of cartographic properties of
symbols symbols
Relatively
Absolutely
(parametrization)
21
Example: Choropleth maps
Source data
• Factors influencing
selection of concrete
visual variables: Choropleth
maps
• They must be
– suitable for Areals Borders
quantitative data
– describable with
SVG Type of fill
(colour, pattern)
Width, colour,
structure
Relatively Absolutely
22
Process of map generating used in VisualHealth
project and Atlas of International Relationships
Geodata Description
of the map
Transformation Thematic map
processor presented
in the browser
Visualisation
rules
XSLT 2.0
23
Combination of choropleth map and pie charts
<Map title="2000">
<Method name="Choropleth" colors="Quant1" classing="Quantils"
classes="6" border-multiple="1">
<Data file="Gen_Data/orp_gen.gml"/>
<Param legendTitle="Obyvatelstvo">ogr:OB01</Param>
</Method>
<Method name="PieChart" legendTitle="Počet..."
parameter="ogr:prevalence_muzi">
<Data file="Data/diabetes_lecba_muzi_2000.gml"/>
<Param legendTitle="Léčba dietou">ogr:dieta</Param>
<Param legendTitle="Kombinovaná léčba">ogr:kombi</Param>
<Param legendTitle="Léčba PAD">ogr:pda</Param>
<Param legendTitle="Léčba inzulínem">ogr:inzulin</Param>
</Method>
</Map>
24
Examples of visualization of thematic map
described by XML-based format
25
Future steps – cartographic view
26
Future steps – technical view
27
Conclusion – advantages to web cartography
28
Conclusion - relations
Formalized
XML Expert
technologies
description systems
of maps
Spatial data
Web services
infrastructure
29
Conclusion
30
Thank you
for your attention
and
for your questions
31