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1. Introduction
This Surveying Technical Note has been prepared by UNRA and essentially it serves to
provide consultants with best practice concepts in carrying out surveys. The technical note
should be read in conjunction with the Terms of Reference for the Contracts. This note has
been prepared basing on best practice in a number of countries and it is believed that it will
enable consultants carry out surveys and provide information that will seamlessly feed into
the design process.
2. Topographic and Cadastral Surveying, Mapping, and Reporting
The Consultant shall carry out a detailed survey along the length of the proposed road
alignment(s) using the most up to date surveying techniques. More extensive surveys shall
be undertaken at key junctions, bridges and culvert sites. He shall provide a complete and
detailed DTM (digital terrain modelling) topographical survey and mapping of the roadway
and adjacent areas and a report presenting its results. The consultant may use one or more
of the following survey methods to undertake the topographical surveys of the road. He must
however, ensure accuracy of the survey results is maintained. Surveying methods include:-
Aerial and Terrestrial Photographic mapping;
Aerial and Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar);
Terrestrial survey using conventional survey procedures and
Terrestrial survey using GPS Static and Real-Time-Kinematic procedures.
The following factors shall be considered when determining and deciding the survey data
collection method:
1. Size and scope of the project;
2. Time requirements to move from data collection to the start of design;
3. Estimated data collection costs; and;
4. Level of accuracy and detail needed.
Units of Survey Measurement
All distances and heights shall be in meters.
Angular measurement shall be in degrees, minutes and seconds based on the 360
0
circle.
Datum and Distance Measurement
Co-ordinates shall be based on the National Coordinate System. Levels shall be referred to
mean sea level and related to the National Bench Mark.
All staked distance, must be horizontal.
Survey procedures and equipment used must be appropriate for the attainment of the
tolerances stated in the contract and specifications. The procedures used shall be able to
address all errors introduced by the survey methods, including due allowance for the effects
of:
a) Survey equipment capability and adjustment;
b) Integrity of the survey control network;
c) Vertical refraction;
d) The grid scale factor; and
e) The earths curvature.
The consultant shall give full details of the proposed survey technique(s) and procedure(s),
e.g. procedures for establishing and extending survey controls, the number of primary and
secondary stations that will be installed. The consultant shall include details of the number of
teams of surveyors and survey equipment he will deploy to complete the survey work within
the timescale. The cost of procuring, operating and maintaining this system should be
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included in the financial proposal. The consultant shall clearly demonstrate that he can
mobilize sufficient manpower and equipment to undertake this work in the defined timescale.
Survey data shall be captured in a manner suitable for the creation of a 3 dimensional digital
ground model in an appropriate modelling system (In Roads, ACAD Civil, or similar). The
model so produced shall accurately represent the existing roads features when a cross
section is generated from the data and the start and end of all linear features (road edge
drainage) must be recorded as well as their cross sectional shape to the tolerances stated
below. All single features e.g. signs, trees shall be recorded and a referencing system used
to establish the feature surveyed. All features surveyed shall have point numbers,
coordinates and codes among others to uniquely distinguish them.
3. Work Process Control
Survey should be treated as a separate work process application; the Consultant shall
prepare documented procedures covering all measurement, calculation and records
necessary to:
a) Measure and coordinate geographical and man-made features accurately;
b) Present data in a logical, accurate and usable manner for design, construction and
decision making among others.
c) Set out works correctly and;
d) Determine precise positions, lengths, and areas, volumes of materials or products.
Quality Assurance shall be based on the management of the survey processes rather than
accepting or rejecting results at the end of the project. Implementing clear work processes
assures a total quality approach thus saving time and money and meeting the expectations
of UNRA. In order to assure the accuracy and completeness of project deliverables and
documents, specific quality assurance review and checking procedures shall be established
by the consultant. Survey procedures should be included in the overall project quality control
plan drawn by the Consultant. These procedures shall describe how the survey process will
be controlled so that all the requirements of data collection, drawings, design, construction
and specifications will be met.
The project quality control plan should include the responsibilities of registered surveyor(s)
for survey control establishment. Detail all activities that require survey work.
3.1 Qualified Surveyors
The Consultant and their agents shall use qualified surveyors as specified in the contract.
The surveyor(s) shall have minimum qualification of Degree in Surveying, or equivalent from
a recognised tertiary institution and with at least four (4) years of relevant practical
experience in engineering surveying to direct and take responsibility for the survey, except
for work requiring a Registered Land Surveyor (i.e. cadastral) as stipulated in the Survey Act
and Survey Regulations of Uganda. A registered surveyor is a surveyor registered with the
surveyors registration board and must have a valid practicing certificate.
3.2 Survey Teams
The consultant shall employ a minimum of Four (4) survey teams with all the necessary
equipment to include total stations, GPS, Levels, tools, personnel, computer software and
hardware and incidentals. The employment and tasks of these teams shall be at the
discretion of the consultant, but generally they shall have the following responsibilities and
assignments.
1. The route location crew. The crew shall include the highway design engineer
2. The Survey Control crew. To establish survey control on the project
3. The levelling crew. To carry out differential levelling.
4. The Details crew. For topographic surveys
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The survey control and levelling teams, upon finalising their tasks can reinforce the teams
carrying out topographic survey. It is important to note that the quality of the design output is
heavily dependant on the quality of the survey.
3.3 Equipment
All measuring and testing equipment used on UNRA projects shall be maintained in
calibration and good working order. A calibration record of all equipment shall be maintained
and appended in the survey report(s).
3.4 Electronic total stations
Electronic total stations and ancillary equipment used for surveying tasks must meet the
following standards:
a) Electromagnetic Distance Measuring device (EDM) with the capability of measuring
distances with the error having a standard deviation of less than 5mm +5ppm;
b) Angular measurement error for both horizontal and vertical circles with a standard
deviation of less than 5 seconds of arc;
c) One second of arc minimum count;
d) Diametrical vertical circle reading and automatic tilt compensator; and
e) A capability to electronically record and store field data such as horizontal and vertical
angles, distances, point number, prism (target) and instrument heights, coordinates
etc.
3.5 GPS
The following regulations on the use of GPS have been established as minimum and as new
technology becomes available, it is expected these specification may require modifications or
additions.
GPS Specifications by Survey Type
Specifications Basic
Control
Construction
Control
Aerial Topographic
Minimum number of connections
to higher order fixed known
horizontal/vertical control per
network
3 2 2 2
Dual Frequency Y N N N
Minimum Satellite mask angle
above horizon
13 13 13 13
Minimum number of satellites
tracking/GDOP
5/7 5/6 5/6 5/6
Epoch recording rate Seconds 15 15/5 15/5/1 15/5/1
Field data log required Y Y Y Y
Point description with unique
name required
Y Y Y Y
Recommended min/max station
spacing (km)
9/40 0.4/0.5 0/0.4 0/0.4
Survey Method:
Static
Fast Static
Stop & Go
RTK (Post processing)
RTK (calibration)
3.6 Automatic Level
Automatic Level used shall comply with the following specifications:
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1. Accuracy
Standard deviation per 1 kilometre double-run level - < 2.0mm
2. Compensator
Working range - < 15
Setting Accuracy - < 0.5
All equipment used shall have a calibration procedure and be calibrated within 12 months
prior to being used for any survey task carried out under the any UNRA contract, also
immediately after repairs.
3.7 Record
As part of the Project Quality Control Plan, a records management system shall be
implemented that includes all survey records. Field book pages must be clearly labelled,
indicating the equipment used, dated and signed by the surveyor. Where automatic data
recording systems are used, a print out of both raw (field) data and reduced data will be
retained in a similar manner as the conventional field books.
3.8 Audit Trail
Survey records must be sufficient to provide objective evidence that the surveyor has
completed all surveys in compliance with procedures and that all surveys done attained the
required accuracy. The survey record shall be indexed for easy retrieval of information and
provide a clear audit for the surveys. The consultant shall prepare a procedure that include
the method of storing and indexing electronic records and name all computer software used
for reduction of survey measurements, calculations, analysis and drawing.
3.9 Storage and Retention of Records
The consultant shall archive survey records as well as other quality records generated by the
project for not less than five years after completion. This requirement continues to apply even
when the records or copies of the records have been submitted to UNRA.
3.10 Hard Copy
At the time of survey, the consultant shall provide signed paper copies of survey reports
verifying product conformity to specifications. Also provide paper copies of electronically
collected survey data used for geo-referencing, setting out and/or any field survey procedure.
Survey data collected manually in traditional survey field books are part of the survey
records. Field books must be clear, legible, showing the date, purpose, and location of the
survey. Each survey field book shall be indexed.
The surveyor must sign all paper copies of survey field measurements; data and reductions,
survey reports, field books, diagrams and sketches used to set out work. A test of the
product for conformity or to determine quantities in accordance with specifications should be
done.
3.11 Calibration Records
Calibration records of survey equipment are part of the survey records and quality assurance
plan.
3.12 Nonconformity Register
A register of any Nonconformity reports raised on the survey work carried out on the project
shall be maintained and in accordance with the Project Quality Control Plan. These shall be
cross referenced to the corrective actions undertaken and results obtained thereafter.
3.13 Establishment of Survey Control
Primary reference beacons and benchmarks shall be established at approximately 3km
intervals in pairs within the limits of the right of way. The coordinate system established shall
be tied to the National Survey Grid. Benchmarks heights shall also be referenced to the
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National datum. Beacons and benchmarks shall be established in the field by permanent
concrete markers and identification posts.
Beacons/Monuments for primary control points shall be 200mm x 500mm cylindrical concrete
monuments. Cast with a 10mm diameter, 500mm long rebar place at the center. The survey
methodology used for establishing beacons and the traverse accuracy should be included in
the survey report. The consultant shall include witness sheets (sketch maps) and
photographs of all primary reference beacons and the national trigonometric controls used on
the project.
Secondary control points shall be placed at approximately 300-500m intervals along the
length of the route. Secondary control points shall be constructed similar to the primary with
a unique identification number engraved in the concrete and the top surface of the beacon
painted for easy identification.
Survey beacons shall be shown on plan drawings and referenced appropriately.
Coordinate / positional values of survey control points within the final survey data file and
report must be true final adjusted position i.e. they must not be field-captured radiation or
RTK GPS position. Where GPS techniques are used to extend survey control, the preferred
method is Post Processing.
The same grid control network shall be used for topographic, cadastral and construction
surveys. Establishing and extending control beacons shall be done in accordance with the
guidelines set by the department of Surveys and Mapping, Entebbe. The Primary control
network shall be registered and approved by the department of Surveys and Mapping.
Accuracy Requirement for Survey Control
LEVELLING:
Checks between fixed elevations of a loop
misclosure shall not exceed -
10k (in mm)
TRAVERSE:
Maximum number of courses between
checks for azimuth
15
Azimuth misclosure shall not exceed 10N or 3.0 per station
Position misclosure (after azimuth
adjustments) shall not exceed. Whichever
formula gives the smallest permissible
error)
1.671.609K or 1/10,000
Distance measurement shall be accurate
to within
1/10,000
K = distance in kilometres
N = the number of stations for extending survey control
The survey methodology used for establishing and extending control, and the accuracy
attained shall be included in the Survey Report. The report shall include traverse field and
computation sheets, GPS rinex raw data files, adjusted results, differential levelling
computations etc.
The Consultant shall verify the locations of the control points, to ensure that survey accuracy
is within tolerable limits and determine the accuracy of instruments; a traverse loop shall be
run between established control points each time GPS readings are taken. The loop closure
should be in accordance with the accuracy noted above before any adjustments are made. If
not, are-run the horizontal traverse until within the required accuracy.
Vertical control shall be established using automatic levels between primary and secondary
control points to verify their elevations. The loop closure should be in accordance with the
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accuracy noted above before any adjustments are made; if not, re-run the vertical levelling
loop until within the required accuracy. All network adjustment shall conform to the survey
accuracy noted above. The Consultant shall utilize field note books to record all survey data,
with separate books for GPS, Network, Levelling and Topographical surveys. Field note
books used for recording shall be submitted for verification to UNRAs representative when
and as requested.
3.14 Survey Control Marks (Benchmark) Register
The Consultant shall maintain an up to-date survey control marks/benchmarks register of all
permanent beacons that make up the survey control network on the project. The register
forms part of the quality records of the project and must be controlled in accordance with the
Project Quality Plan. Include the following information in the register:
i. A unique number/identifier for each survey control mark/beacon;
ii. Any other identifier such as Primary or Secondary;
iii. Easting, Northing and Height/Elevation of each survey control mark, except marks
used for reference sightings only;
iv. Chainage and offset of each survey control mark in relation to the road centreline;
v. The side of the road on which the survey control mark is located.
vi. A description of the physical nature of each survey control mark, such as peg/pin
drilled in tarmac etc
vii. For all primary and National survey control marks, a picture and sketch map
showing the location of the beacon shall be drawn. Include all details necessary to
easy the tracing of survey marks.
4 Topographic Surveys
Topographic data shall be captured in a manner suitable for the creation of a 3 dimensional
digital ground model in an appropriate modelling system (Engineering design software e.g. In
Roads, MX Roads, ACAD Civil, or similar). The model so produced shall accurately
represent the existing road and natural ground features when a cross section is generated
from the data. The start and end of all linear features (road edge drainage) must be recorded
as well as their cross sectional shape. (See tolerance table below). All single point features
e.g. signs shall also be geo-referenced and recorded.
Elevation data shall be recorded at a maximum of 25m (or 20m depending on the Terms of
reference) intervals along the final proposed road centreline. The width of the survey corridor
shall extend to cover the entire right of way (ROW) and take into account the layout of the
existing alignment including the extent of embankment and cut slopes and the general
ground profile beyond. Where major roads, rail crossings and rivers cross the road
alignment, the survey will extend a minimum of 500m either side of the road centreline. At
road crossings the survey will be of sufficient width and detail to allow improvements,
including at grade intersections, to be designed. At rivers, the river cross sections will be
surveyed at 10m intervals along the centreline of the river or at a lesser amount to establish
the true alignment of the river for the full width of the river channel and 50m beyond.
Spot levels along the cross-section shall be taken along the road centreline. The consultant
shall survey all the man made and natural topographic features and changes along the cross
section. However, the interval of the spot levels shall be varied based on the
condition/topology of the site. Closer spacing shall be surveyed where the terrain is not
uniform such as deep gullies, beginning and ending of cuts and embankments, creeks and in
curves. The width of the survey corridor shall extend to cover the right of way (ROW) and
take into account the layout of the existing alignment, the extent of embankment, cut slopes
and the general ground profile.
Details of all features such as structures (bridges, culverts etc.), utilities, existing roads,
electric and telephone installations, huts, buildings, fencing and trees (with girth greater than
0.3 metre) etc falling within the extents of the survey shall be recorded.
All data captured and submitted must conform to the specifications.
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4.1 Survey Datum
Surveys are to be captured and supplied in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 36N,
Arc 1960, and Clarke 1880 projection. Project zone parameters shall be obtained from the
commissioner of lands and surveys-Entebbe.
4.2 Detail Definition & Feature Coding
All natural and artificial features occurring within the survey project area shall be captured
and represented as points or strings / polygons in the digital model. Features shall be
captured at ground level unless specified. A wider survey band width may be necessary in
high fill and cut sections. Survey should include the toe of embankment/ top of cutting and an
extra 10m. For bridge surveys, the consultant shall refer to the Geometric Design Manual for
details.
4.3 Survey Feature Labels may include:
Abutment Bottom
Abutment Top
Air Valve
Alignment Pin
Back of Kerb
Barrier and separation line
Batter
Bench Mark
Bin
Bolt
Bore Hole
Bottom of Bank/Embankment
Bottom of Wall
Boundary
Box Culvert
Break line or Ridge
Bridge Abutment Bottom
Bridge Abutment Top
Bridge Cap/Pile
Bridge Column/Pier
Bridge Deck
Bridge Expansion Joint
Bridge Expansion Plate
Bridge Pier/Column
Broken Paint Line
Building Eaves
Building Walls
Bus Shelter
Cemetery
Centreline
Edge line
Cliff/ Escarpment
Concrete Slab at Ground level
Building
Crown of Road
Pasture
Survey Mark
Dish Drain
Distribution Fuse Point
Door way
Drain
Drainage Box
Drainage Manhole
Drainage Pit
Drill Hole
Drive way
Peg
Edge of formation
Edge of Garden
Edge of Median
Edge of Pavement
Edge of Track
Edge of Road
Electric underground line
Electrical Transformer Cabinet
Electrical Cable Manhole
Electrical Duct
Electrical Pylon Leg
End of Wing wall
Endangered Ecological Community
Fence
Fence line
Fence Post
Fire Place
Flag Pole
Flood Light
Floor Level
Footpath
Gate
General Built up area
Geotech Test Point
Grassland
Guard Fence
Gully Pit
Gutter
Hazardous Site
Headwall
Headwall Bottom
Historical Point of Interest
Horizontal Control Point
Invert
Kerb
Kerb inlet
Lake
Landslide/ Eroded Bank
Lane Line
Large Sign
Load Dock
Local Government Boundary
Major Transmission Line
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Minor Transmission Line
Miscellaneous Structure
Nail
Natural Surface
Optical Fibre Above Ground
Optical Fibre underground
Optical Fibre Junction Box
Overhead Pipeline
Park
Pedestrian Crossing
Petrol Pump
Light Pole
Electricity Pole
Pump
Reservoir
Retaining Wall
River
Rock Area
Rubbish Bin
Safety Fence
Septic Tank
Service/Junction Box
Sewer Main
Sewer Manhole Cover
Sewerage Pond
Sign
Sign Double Sided
Silo or Tank
Spot Height
Stairs
Picket
Survey Mark
Stay Anchor Point
Stay Pole
Stockpile
Stop Valve
Swamp
Telephone Pole
Telephone Booth
Telephone Box
Telephone Duct
Top of Bank
Top of Concrete Junction Box
Top of Cutting
Top of Headwall
Top of Kerb
Top of Wall
Tree Trunk
Trig Station
Underground Tank
Vehicular Track Edge
Vertical Control Point
Water Fire Hydrant
Water Course/Drain
Water Edge/Level
Water Level Point
Water Main
Water Meter
Water Tap
Windmill
Wing Wall
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4.4 Drainage Structures
Invert levels shall be captured for all accessible drainage structures. Levels are to be
captured at the inside edge of pipe/box. Where evident, the connection and direction of
pipes/boxes is to be shown by an appropriately coded string (e.g. DC Culvert or DP
Drainage Pipe). Ends of the strings are to be at invert level. Internal dimension and
description of pipes / boxes shall be recorded and displayed as annotation. (e.g. 2 x
Conc. Pipe, 900mm Dia). The inlet and outfall channel geo-referenced including
properties close to the channel.
4.5 Sealed Road Surfaces
Sufficient strings shall be captured across road surfaces to ensure the shape is
accurately defined to specified accuracies and tolerances. At a minimum, any sealed
road surface with a crown requires a string to be surveyed approximately 1m either side
of the crown (centreline) This is in addition to geo referencing of the crown itself. All line
marking must be captured and coded appropriately according to type.
Cross Section of Typical Crowned Road
Cross-sectional and longitudinal shape of the seal must be accurately defined within
specified accuracy tolerances. Particular attention is required to ensure captured points
represent the cross-fall accurately.
Surveyed points for edges of seal must be positioned carefully to ensure accurate cross-
fall representation.
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4.6 Cross Section of Road at Edge of Seal
Strings defining the road and formation shall be captured such that their respective
points align perpendicular to the centreline of the road.
4.7 Junctions
A wider survey band width and extensive details are required for existing and proposed
road junction sites. This is to enable the highway design engineer determine the best
junction layout. Plot boundaries shall be surveyed during the RAP exercise. The
surveyor should be able to pick all accesses and junctions along the project road. Extra
width shall be surveyed for sections with proposed and existing side roads.
4.8 Trading and Urban Centres:
In urban and trading centres, the survey should include buildings and structures along
the project route, accesses roads, junctions, trees, utilities, sign posts etc. A higher level
of detail is required for towns and centres.
4.9 Surface Accuracy and Point Density
Topographic surveys should ensure sufficient points are captured such that the accuracy
of any point on the surface defined is within the nominated accuracy for the relevant
classification.
The tolerances for detail survey points shall comply with the values shown in the table
below.
Tolerance for Detailed Survey Points
Feature Tolerance (m) Tolerance of any Point to
Straight Line Fit Between
Points X, Y and Z (m) X and Y Z
Structures,
Buildings and
Paved Roads etc.
0.025 0.015 0.025
Gravel Pavements 0.050 0.025 0.050
All Other Areas 0.100 0.050 0.100
Topographic surveys undertaken by the Consultant shall be to acceptable international
standards for such works. The data from the surveys shall be made available in (x, y, z)
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format for the production of a digital terrain model (DTM) which shall become the
property of UNRA upon the completion of the study.
5 Cadastral Surveys
Cadastral surveys shall be carried out by or under the supervision of a registered land
surveyor with a valid practice certificate. Work must be done in accordance with the
guidelines set by the department of Surveys and Mapping and the relevant laws of
Uganda.
5.1 Survey Quality Plan
Survey procedures should be included in the overall project quality plan drawn by the
Consultant. These procedures shall describe how the survey process will be controlled
so that all the requirements of drawings, design, construction and specifications will be
met. The project quality plan should include the responsibilities of registered surveyors
for cadastral and survey control establishment.
Survey procedures and equipment used must be appropriate for the attainment of the
tolerances stated in the contract and specifications. The procedures should be able to
address all errors introduced by the survey methods, including due allowance for the
effects of:
f) Survey equipment capability and adjustment;
g) Integrity of the survey control network;
h) Vertical refraction;
i) The grid scale factor; and
j) The earths curvature.
5.2 Digital Terrain Model Triangulation Dimensions
In addition to satisfying all other accuracy requirements, side lengths of triangles forming
the Digital Terrain Model generated from the survey data must not exceed 25m on
pavement areas and 30m in all other areas. Survey capture density and spacing must
ensure that this condition is met; a closer interval shall be adopted for hilly, horizontal
and vertical curves, and mountainous areas. Breaklines should be determined in the
field and booked accordingly to allow accurate triangulation and generation of the digital
ground model.
5.3 Deliverables related to Surveying
Control, topographical and cadastral surveys undertaken by the Consultant shall be to
acceptable international standards for such works. Data from the surveys shall be
available in (x, y, z) format for production of a digital terrain model (DTM) which shall
become the property of UNRA upon the completion of the study. The following
information will be required from the consultant;
Spot heights at the stipulated intervals
Detailed site topographic plans for key junctions, urban centres, bridges and
culverts etc;
Major contours at 5m interval and minor contours at 0.5m interval;
Project site (right of way) boundary;
Digital Ground model in a suitable format (i.e. 3D lines or triangles), showing
coordinates and levels;
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Schedule of benchmarks and beacons, with reference numbers, coordinates and
heights. Description and location of benchmarks shall also be submitted. Clearly
distinguished between primary and secondary control. Photo and sketch map for
the primary survey control beacons;
Detailed Survey report;
At the end of the design project, all topographical and design data shall be supplied in a
format suitable for input in Engineering design software e.g. Infrasoft MX or Civil 3D
design software and loaded onto UNRAs server. The design shall be referenced to a
line or string which shall contain details of chainage (or station), horizontal and vertical
geometry information.
5.4 Final Survey Report
Following the completion of survey, the Consultant shall produce and submit a final
survey report that will include the following information as a minimum
(a) A1 size colour copy sheet size 1:1000 scale or any other clearer/acceptable scale
of topographical plan(s) indicating the information surveyed appropriately. Submit
number of copies as specified in the contract. (if not incorporated in the plan and
profile drawings)
b) The information in (a) including all other items shall also be submitted in soft copy
as well. Either as dxf or AutoCAD 2004 or higher format as long as it is
acceptable to the client. The soft copy contours line should be 3D. Spot levels
(three dimensional) including boundary coordinates in excel format or in any other
acceptable format.
e) Ground model (DTM) which may either be 3D triangulation lines or triangles
either as dxf or in dwg format of all spot heights, and break lines of the edges of
road, river banks, ditches, etc.
f) Schedule of benchmarks with reference numbers, coordinates and elevations.
Description and location of the benchmarks shall also be submitted in tabular
form.
The Survey report shall also include a brief summary of the following in digital and paper
format;
1. Project Brief,
Project Number
Quality Statement
Name of firm that performed the survey
2. Description of the Project
Project area including Country, district, sub-county, village, Terrain etc.
Size of the Survey
Duration, date, and weather conditions of survey
Surveyors involved
3. Execution of the Survey Project
Instrumentation and Equipment Used
Special Aids
Application of Special Techniques
Survey Methods Applied
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Problems (if any) encountered during the project
Delays due to unforeseen circumstances
Location and type of national survey control marks used;
Origin and Datum used;
Method used for network adjustment and the Control Network diagram
Accuracy achieved and
Processing notes.
4. Records Submitted to the Client
Copy of Rinex files for the Control network traverse
Copy of raw data and computation files, traverse and differential levelling sheets
Sketch map and pictures for the primary control and National beacons
Field Traverse and computation sheets
Differential levelling computation sheets
Summary of Control points
Summary of coding/point descriptions;
Origin of services indicated on the plans;
DTM detail in dxf or dwg format;
Items unable to be located or surveyed;
Plan and profile drawings as specified in the terms of reference;
Copy of Field notes;
5. Recommendations
6. General Information the consultant wants to bring to the attention of the client,
and not mentioned elsewhere in the report
g) Original copy of the survey field logs/log books shall not be submitted but may be
requested by the client at any time after the survey process.
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Typical Beacon Description Card
Project:
Station Type:
Locality: Chainage:
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (m)
Datum:
Established by: Date: Signature:
Checked by: Date: Signature
Description:
Sketch