1oday's ConcepL:

1orques
Physics 212
Lecture 13
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 2
Clicker Question
A
B
C
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 4
B L I F

=
A.
B.
C.

A
B
C
Clicker Question
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 3
B L I F

=
A.
B.
C.

WhaL ls Lhe force on secLlon d-a of Lhe loop?
A) Zero
8) CuL of Lhe page
C) lnLo Lhe page
Clicker Question
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 6
B L I F

=
What is the direction on the net force on the loop?
A. Out of the page B. Into of the page
C. The net force on the loop is zero
CheckPoint 1a
lL ls a closed loop (lengLh vecLor ls 0) so Lhe neL force
ls 0 l = lLx8 = 0
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 7
A square loop of wire is carrying current in the counterclockwise direction. There is a
horizontal uniform magnetic field pointing to the right.
What is the direction of the net force on the loop?
CheckPoint 1b
ln whlch dlrecLlon wlll Lhe loop roLaLe?
(assume Lhe z axls ls ouL of Lhe page)

A) Around Lhe x axls
8) Around Lhe y axls
C) Around Lhe z axls
u) lL wlll noL roLaLe
x
y
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 8
What is the direction of the net torque on the loop?

A. Up B. Down
C. Out of the page D. Into the page
E. The net torque is zero
CheckPoint 1c
R
F
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 9
F R

= t
r x f = Lorque


Magnetic Dipole Moment
Area vecLor
MagnlLude = Area
ulrecLlon uses 8.P.8.
MagneLlc ulpole momenL

A NI

LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 10
EXPLAIN THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE... What IS IT?!?!?!?!!?!?!
Makes Torque Easy!
1he Lorque always wanLs Lo llne up wlLh B!
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 11
B

= t
B

Lurns Loward B
x
y
z
B

= t
B

Lurns Loward B
x
y
z
B

= t
Practice with and t
B

ln Lhls case ls ouL of Lhe page (uslng rlghL hand rule)
I
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 12
B

= t
B

x
y
z
ls up (Lurns Loward B)
B

= t
CheckPoint 2a
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 13
B

= t
8lggesL when
B

Three different orientations of a magnetic dipole moment in a constant magnetic field are
shown below. Which orientation results in the largest magnetic torque on the dipole?
lrom hyslcs 211:
lrom hyslcs 212: sin( ) B B t u = =

}
= u td W
ueflne U = 0 aL poslLlon of
maxlmum Lorque
B U

LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 14
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
B

W U = A
sin( ) cos( ) W B d B B u u u = = =
}

CheckPoint 2b
U = 0
U = Bcosu
u
U = +Bcos|
|
B U

=
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 13
hyslcs 212 LecLure 13, Sllde 16
ACT
30
u
c
u
a
|
a
Three different orientations of a magnetic dipole moment in a constant magnetic field are
shown below. We want to rotate the dipole in the CCW direction.
B
!"#$%& ()*$"+,# #)%-%"*. %) /)$"%")* (0 12-% -#, %2, $".*$ )3 %2, 4)#5 +)*, 67 7)8 -*+ %2, 4)#5
+)*, 67 %2, 3",9+:

;< 1
7)8
= >& 1
3",9+
= >
?< 1
7)8
= >& 1
3",9+
@ >
A< 1
7)8
@ >& 1
3",9+
= >
B< 1
7)8
@ >& 1
3",9+
@ >


AC = >& $) 1
3",9+
@ >0 1
7)8
D8$% 6, )//)$"%, 1
3",9+

;9$)& %)#E8, -*+ +"$/9-(,D,*% "* )//)$"%, +"#,(%")*$
1
3",9+
@ >
= A
field
W U
8?
?Cu
8?
llLLu
u
c
u
a
|
a
f i field by
U U U W = A =
_
B U

=
CheckPoint 2c
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 17
C): ) cos 1 ( ) cos (
_ c c field by
B B B W u u = =
8):
B B W
field by
= = 0
_
A): ) cos 1 ( ) cos (
_ a a field by
B B B W | u + = =
Three different orientations of a magnetic dipole moment in a constant magnetic field are
shown below. In order to rotate a horizontal magnetic dipole to the three positions shown,
which one requires the most work done by the magnetic field?

Pow much does Lhe poLenLlal energy of Lhe
sysLem change as Lhe coll moves from lLs
lnlLlal poslLlon Lo lLs flnal poslLlon.
ConcepLual Analysls
A currenL loop may experlence a Lorque ln a consLanL magneLlc fleld
t = X B
We can assoclaLe a poLenLlal energy wlLh Lhe orlenLaLlon of loop
U = B
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
SLraLeglc Analysls
llnd
CalculaLe Lhe change ln poLenLlal energy from lnlLlal Lo flnal
a
B
Calculation
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 18
WhaL ls Lhe dlrecLlon of Lhe magneLlc momenL of Lhls currenL loop ln lLs lnlLlal
poslLlon?
A) +x 8) x C) +y u) y

z
x

y
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
x
#$#%#"&
'#$"&
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
a
B
Calculation
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 19
A L

=
z
y
.
X

8lghL Pand 8ule
IA =

WhaL ls Lhe dlrecLlon of Lhe Lorque on Lhls currenL loop ln Lhe lnlLlal poslLlon?
A) +x 8) x C) +y u) y

y
B
z
y
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
a
B
Calculation
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 20
Calculation
WhaL ls Lhe poLenLlal energy of Lhe lnlLlal sLaLe?
A) U
initial
< 0 8) U
initial
= 0 C) U
initial
> 0
z
y

B
u
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
a
B
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
B U

=
0 = - B

LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 21

0
90 = u
WhaL ls Lhe poLenLlal energy of Lhe flnal sLaLe?
A) U
final
< 0 8) U
final
= 0 C) U
final
> 0
y
#$#%#"&
lnlLlal
flnal
z
y

B
u = 90
o
z
y

B
u = 90
o
+ 30
o
Check: moves away from B
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
a
B
Calculation
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
B U

=
Lnergy musL lncrease !
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 22
0 > = B U

0 < - B

0
120 = u
A) 8) C)
WhaL ls Lhe poLenLlal energy of Lhe flnal sLaLe?
z
x
y
B
.

y
z
I
lnlLlal
flnal
a
B
Calculation
A square loop of slde " lles ln Lhe xz plane wlLh
currenL I as shown. 1he loop can roLaLe abouL x
axls wlLhouL frlcLlon. A unlform fleld B polnLs
along Lhe +z axls. Assume a, I, and B are known.
B U

=
B Ia U
2
2
3
=
LlecLrlclLy & MagneLlsm LecLure 13, Sllde 23
B Ia U
2
2
1
=
B Ia U
2
=
z
y

B
u = 120
o
2
1
) 120 ( cos =

2
Ia =
B B B U
o

2
1
) 120 ( cos = = =

B Ia U
2
2
1
=