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MASTER IN EDUCATION LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

BEST PRACTICES
Leadership Styles of Male and Female School Head


NAME: MOHD KAMAL MUHSIN BIN MOHD YUNUS (2012929679)
FADHIL MANAF ( )
SUBMISSION DATE: 7 NOVEMBER 2013
LECTURER: ASSOC. PROF. DR. ABU BAKAR IBRAHIM




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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Chapter 1 ( Introduction ) 3
2. Chapter 2 (Literature Review) 5
3. Chapter 3 (Methodology) 7
4. Chapter 4 (Data Analysis) 9
5. Chapter 5 (Conclusion, Recommendation) 11
6. References 12













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1.0 Chapter 1 ( Introduction )

The best practice done of our senior with specific title is Leadership Styles of Male and
Female School Head shows us on how important to have a good thesis in the end. First and
foremost, emphasizing on chapter one it is very crucial because of it is an introduction to overall
report on what we have to write in. So, in simple word, it is actually an abstract as a whole of
everything. So, there are several subtopics that we have to focus such background of study,
objective, problem statement, and research question, significance of study, limitation of study
and definition of term used. First, background of study is actually to a writer to write relate to the
study he or she wants to complete. So it is like a short brief to the reader to know what actually a
researcher wants to research. For example, in the thesis that we have referred to, he was
explained on what is the definition with details plus with supported research done by other
researcher. He was explained what is leadership, its criteria and concepts and he gave chances to
the reader to explore more on his research. Next is about objective; what is the reason or purpose
we want to study. For example, the objectives stated in dissertation that we referred to are
focusing in three main area which are identify leadership styles, to compare and contrast male
and female school head and lastly to investigate leadership style with gender. The reason why we
rewrite again to ensure or to show that he was narrowed down his objectives in order to help him
directly before he went off of conducts his research. Then, next subtopic is problem statement.


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People would not do any research if there are no problems behind it. So, because of problem,
research can be conducted. Example, he was covered on bias, isolation, gender discrimination in
higher position are the main problems why he do this research at the first place. So that, reader
would have a better picture in head and it will be easy to the reader or even to the writer to
connect with one chapter to another chapter. Research question is actually a guide to a writer to
write a thesis because of in each study, a writer must know what he/her wants. One of the
examples of the thesis that we had referred to is about what are the leadership styles adopted by
the school head? So, from this kind of question, it will lead to what kind of methodology that
will be used in future. Actually, from the research question, reader will have a better
understanding about the research itself. If the research question is not carry out properly, wrong
method will be used and findings will be wronged. On the other hand, Limitation of study is our
limit that we set up in order to keep us on track of writing up a thesis. A broad thesis actually is
not a very good research because it is not specific into a small scope. Example, limitation of this
researchs focus in Sarawak with only selected school. So, with this kind of limitation, it gives a
big chance to the researchers to focus and concentrate his studies. Last but not list, the term used
in writing a thesis. It is very crucial part because reader might have a problem while reading a
thesis because the term used is not familiar. So that, it acts like a dictionary to the reader in order
to have a better understanding in reading a thesis. In last part, it is a summarization of chapter 1,
which is stress on again on overall as holistic in order to ensure the reader keep track on the
research that researcher done. Constructive comment on the thesis that we referred to is actually
the writer done quite impressive job on cover up all the research done by other researcher or also
he ambitious to do this research since there are a problem behind it. With this kind of research, it


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can prove that gender bias it is a big issue in the world since there have a data proves by other
researcher.


2.0 Chapter 2 (Literature Review)

Next is chapter two, as a world named it as literature review; in literature review, a writer
needs to make a research about the topic that he/her wants to dig in. In this chapter, it will tell us
from head to toe about the topic. It starts with the introduction as fundamental to the reader.
Basically, in chapter one, it also has an introduction but the differ between these two is in chapter
twos introduction, more details concept will be explained thoroughly in order to ensure the
reader knows better what the thesis is all about. For an example, thesis that we have referred, the
introduction of chapter two explained very details about what exactly leadership is and in last
paragraph , he wrote up about what he will do in this chapter such covers the roles of school
heads, leadership and gender, differences between leadership styles of men and women and the
summary of this chapter. In clearer picture, leadership has a lot of definition, characteristic,
criteria and so on and so forth that a writer needs to cover. It is not easy to write up a literature
review because of if not relate to the study, reader will might have confused and that kind of
thesis will be considered as not very good thesis. The most important things, every quote that we
write in must have supported by other researcher findings because it can produce a good thesis
plus can be trusted in term of research. Instead of acknowledge them with citation; plagiarism
can be avoided since we are in very transparent world right now because everything can be got it


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as simple as that. Constructive comments that can be wrote about the chapter two regarding the
thesis that we refer to are he is actually knows what he was doing in this chapter because the way
we wrote is basically according to sequence. Means, he knows the priority what comes first and
what comes last. So as a reader, we have that momentum to be maintained all the while we read
this thesis. Plus with better explanation and supported citation, it helps much on this thesis
research. Closure up with short summarization in the end of the chapter it was helps the reader
because some reader might be not into reading but with summarization it helps a bit.














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3.0 Chapter 3 (Methodology)

Moreover, all the research questions that have been listed down will lead to a very
specific instrument will be used. In here, writer must have a very good knowledge about the
instrument because, wrong instrument used, result or finding will be totally wrong. So, the first
and foremost is an introduction as the beginning of this chapter. When it comes to the
introduction, it has a short brief about what will happen next in this chapter. Literally, it touches
on research design, followed by population and sample, instrumentation, pilot test, data
collection and data analysis procedure. In chapter three, it consists of research design; population
and sample, research instrument, validity, reliability, data collection techniques and analysis
data. In research design, it tells the reader what kind of research being used and example the
dissertation that we refer to is descriptive study and methodology used is qualitative and
quantitative and also semi-structured interviews and questionnaire used in this study. Example,
he wrote up the research design fits together with the purpose of the study because of the
research conducts will be inline from the beginning till the end. Plus, he also recorded all the
interview session were held with the respondents in order to have a better understanding in
analyzing the words uttered. Population and sample is actually about the scope we want to
investigate. In that case, example done before, he used district of Bintulu Sarawak as his
population and sampling used is multistage cluster sampling. Plus, he stated that with specific
numbers of respondents involves with three female and three male school heads with different
schools and also about 24 students involved. So, with a specific population and sample, he was
put the limits to ensure he not cross a margin line of limitation as stated earlier. Again, it will


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actually keep the writer on track and help reader in future to have a better understanding while
reading this dissertation. Next is about instrumentation. When touch about the instrumentation, it
is actually tools that will be using in future. Example, semi structured interview and
questionnaire and he was adopted from other researcher instruments in order to conduct the
research. For clearer picture, he was using existing developed instruments as proposed by
Frankel and Wallen (2007) and it is advisable to select and already developed instruments as
they are experts in this field. From these tools, better result will be gained and research will have
a very high validity and reliability. Constructive comment regarding this chapter is actually he
took a safe steps because he chose and existing instruments instead of develop a new instrument
in conducting this research. There will be no time constraints but in term of skills might probably
he lacks on that.











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4.0 Chapter 4 ( Data Analysis)

In chapter 4 is result and collecting data. In this chapter, data are collected by the method
that we are chosen. Most of us are familiar with questionnaires as a means of collecting data,
however, it is important that you think carefully about which data collection tool is most suitable
for our dissertation, and the most practical before we decide. There are many different types of
questions and questionnaires ranging from closed types where the participants can more
open types which invite individual comments and responses. According to this dissertation, the
survey design is used to collect data for describing population of respondent from a sample of
using multistage cluster sampling. In this study the information is collected through
questionnaires distributed to respondent. This design is chosen to meet the objectives of the
study, namely to study the leadership styles between different genders among them. Quantitative
research methods attempt to maximize objectivity, reliability and generalizability of finding and
are typically interested in prediction. Quantitative methods are frequently described as deductive
in nature, in the sense that inferences from tests of statistical hypotheses lead to general
inferences about characteristics of a population. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires
adapted from Simon Oates (2010) will distribute to each respondents to identify the leadership
style adopted by student leader. Other than that, interview was conducted to have a clearer view
of the leadership styles practiced by the school head. Semi-structured interview was chosen as
part of the instruments in this study. In these contexts, the researcher is also often more closely
involved with the respondent and as a result these types of data collection tools are sometimes
seen as producing data that is more subjective. All the information from this interview is
recorded in this chapter. The most important this in this chapter, it is easy to get tied up in knots


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with data collection, but remember it is what we do with the data that really counts, not how
much we collect.


















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5.0 Chapter 5 ( Conclusion, Recommendation )

The last chapter is discussion and conclusion. One of the most interesting and important
part of our dissertation is the analysis/discussion of the results. This is where we will try and
draw some useful conclusion from the research that we have carried out. From this research,
what the researcher trying to do is in this section is to put his findings into context of previous
research (most useful this would be in research that his identified in literature review). For the
conclusion part, this chapter tents to be much shorter than the discussion. It is not mere
summary of the research, but need to be concluded as to main points that have emerged and
what they mean for our field. Plus, in this chapter, all the objective need must be accomplished in
order to ensure the findings that we have are based on the objectives in earlier chapter. So, we
strengthen all the objectives stated with attached with the data collected to support our research
in order to make our research reliable.









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6.0 Chapter 6 (Reference)

1. Jumiran, A. B. (2011). Leadership Styles of Male and Female School Head. Shah Alam.