RANCANGAN

BANDAR UDARA
A. SISTEM LAPANGAN TERBANG
B. FASILITAS (Cth: RUNWAY, TAXIWAY, APRON, dll)
C. UKURAN LAPANGAN TERBANG
A. SISTEM LAPANGAN TERBANG
Sistem Lapangan Terbang terbagi 2, yaitu:
Land side
Air side
Keduanya dibatasi oleh Terminal
TERMINAL
AIR SIDE
LAND SIDE
Airport Layout Plan
Bandara Internasional Minangkabau
: Building
: Drainage
: Airport Boundary
: Phase-II Facilities
Landside Layout Plan
Bandara Internasional Minangkabau
Passenger Terminal Building
Cargo Terminal Building
Control Tower/Admin/Operation Bld.
Fire Station
Aircraft Maintenance Hangar
Main Sub Station
GSE Maintenance Building
Airport Maintenance Building
Sewerage Plant/Incinerator
Fuel Farm
VVIP Terminal (by Others)
Airport Monument
PTB Perspective (Landside)
: Building
: Drainage
: Airport Boundary
: Phase-II Facilities
Airside
PTB Perspective (Airside)
: Building
: Drainage
: Airport Boundary
: Phase-II Facilities
Bandara Internasional - Ngurah Rai
B. FASILITAS
Fasilitas yang disediakan pada bandara:
1. RUNWAY,
2. TAXIWAY,
3. APRON,
4. TERMINAL AREA,
5. ACCESS,
6. TEMPAT PARKIR,
7. CARGO,
8. HANGGAR,
9. GEDUNG PERAWATAN,
10. FASILITAS LAIN:
Garbarata, Elevator, Escalator, Conveyor,
Sistempengolahan limbah
Fuel Tank, Power Supply, Back up Gen-set, Telephone, Water
Supply
B.1. RUNWAY
The FAA includes over 20 different runway layouts in
their advisory materials. There are 4 basic runway
configurations with the rest being variations of the
original patterns. The basic runway configurations are
the following:
Single runway
Parallel runways
Open V runways
Intersecting runways
Single runway
This is the simplest of the 4 basic configurations. It is one
runway optimally positioned for prevailing winds,noise, land
use and other determining factors. During VFR (visual flight
rules) conditions, this one runway shouldaccommodate up
to 99 light aircraft operations per hour. While under IFR
(instrument flight rules) conditions,it would accommodate
between 42 to 53 operations per hour depending on the mix
of traffic and navigational aidsavailable at that airport
El Dorado International Airport,
Bogot, D.C., Colombia
College Park Airport (CGS) of
Washington, DC
Parallel runways
There are 4 types of parallel runways. These are named
according to how closely they are placed next to each
other.Operations per hour will vary depending on the total
number of runways and the mix of aircraft. In IFR
conditionsfor predominantly light aircraft, the number of
operations would range between 64 to 128 per hour.
El Dorado International
Airport, Bogot, D.C.,
Colombia
Open V runways
Two runways that diverge from different directions but do
NOT intersect form a shape that looks like an "open-V" are
called open-V runways.
This configuration is useful when there is little to no wind as
it allows for both runways to be used at the same time.
When the winds become strong in one direction, then only
one runway will be used. When takeoffs and landings are
made away from the two closer ends, the number of
operations per hour significantly increases. When takeoffs
and landings are made toward the two closer ends, the
number of operations per hour can be reduced by 50%
Open V runways
Intersecting runways
Two or more runways that cross each other are classified as
intersecting runways. This type of configuration isused when
there are relatively strong prevailing winds from more than
one direction during the year. When the windsare strong
from one direction, operations will be limited to only one
runway. With relatively light winds, bothrunways can be
used simultaneously. The greatest capacity for operations is
accomplished when the intersectionis close to the takeoff
end and the landing threshold as shown below (with the
configuration on the left).
Intersecting runways
San Fransisco International
Kingford Smith Sydney Airport
B.2. TAXIWAY
Sebagai jalan ke luar masuk
pesawat dari runway ke
bangunan terminal, atau
Dari runway ke hanggar
pemeliharaan
Rute dipilih jarak terpendek dari
bangunan terminal menuju ujung
landasan untuk lepas landas.
B.3. APRON / RAMP
Apron atau holding disebut juga run up atau warm up
Diperlukan untuk pesawat bermesin piston untuk check akhir sesaat
sebelum lepas landas.
HOLDING BAY apron yang tidak luas, berlokasi di lap terbang untuk
parkir pesawat sementara
The ramp (or apron) area of Ruzyn
International Airport in Prague, Czech
Republic
HANGGAR
C. PEMILIHAN LOKASI
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI:
1.TIPE PENGEMBANGAN LINGKUNGAN
Pemilihan lokasi, jauh dari permukiman dan sekolah bising
Adanya jalur hijau antara landas pacu, taxiway, apron dan bangunan
terminal sebagai pembatas
2.KONDISI ATMOSPHIR
Terhindar dari gangguan SMOG (fog + smoke).
Visibility (jarak pandang) yang baik
3.KEMUDAHAN TRANSPORTASI DARAT
Mudah, aman, lancar, murah
Jika pada perkembangannya penggunaan kendaraan pribadi tidak
mudah perlu adanya transportasi massal, spt: bus, kereta api, dsb
4. TERSEDIA LAHAN PENGEMBANGAN
Perpanjangan landasan pacu
Perlebaran dan penambahan taxiway
Perluasan apron
Perluasan parkir
Perluasan bangunan terminal
5. ADANYA LAPANGAN TERBANG LAIN
Lapangan terbang harus mempunyai jarak yang cukup satu
dengan yang lainnya,
untuk memberikan ruang manuver
Bebas gangguan gerakan untuk take off / landing
Jarak minimum antar bandara tergantung kepada:
Volume lalu lintas
Tipe lalu lintas, serta
Perlengkapan operasi
6. SURROUNDING OBSTRUCTION
Perlu UU atau Perda dalam pengaturan tata ruang sekitar
bandara, terutama pada approacing area runway clear zone
FAA FAR part 77 Obstruction Clearance Requirement dan
ICAO Annex 14.
7. PERTIMBANGAN EKONOMIS
Lokasi Biaya pembangunan yang murah
8. TERSEDIANYA UTILITAS
Prasarana Air Minum, Listrik, Telekomunikasi, Bahan Bakar, Air
Limbah dsb
D. UKURAN LAP TERBANG
Karakteristik dan Ukuran Pesawat yang
menggunakan Bandara berdasarkan
performance
Perkiraan volume penumpang jumlah landasan,
konfigurasi taxiway, panjang dan lebar ramp area
Kondisi meteorologi (angin dan temperatur)
Ketinggian dari muka laut (DPL)
ANALISA ANGIN
TERMINAL PENUMPANG