Chapter 11 Algebra 2 2014

Form 2 [CHAPTER 11: ALGEBRA 2]
1 C.Camenzuli| Stella Maris, College

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11.1 Solving equations Part 1
Example 1: Solve the equation: x + 5 = 12

x + 5 = 12
x = 12 5
x = 7

Example 2: x + 9 = 11

Example 3: x 10 = 0

Example 4: 9 + x = 16

Example 5: 3 x = 1

Check!
7 + 5 = 12
Correct!


11.2 Solving equations part 2
Example 1: Solve the equation 5x = 20

Example 2: Solve the equation 2x = 6

Example 3: Solve the equation
3
x
= 5

5
x
= 4

7
x
= 3



11.3 Solving equations part 3
Example 1: Solve:

3x + 4 = 16

Step 1: Start by removing the number from the side where there is the unknown.
3x + 4 = 16
3x = 16 4 (Subtract 4 on both sides)
3x = 12

Step 2: We must remove the coefficient of x (in this case 3)
3x = 12
3x = 12 3 (Divide by 3 on both sides)
x = 4

Example 2 : Solve the equation 2x 4 = 10

Example 3: Solve the equation 9 3x = -33



Example 4: Solve the equation 4x + 2 = 14

Example 5: Solve the equation 20 6x = 2

11.4 ! Solving Equations part 4.
Example 1: 2x + 6 = 3 x

Step 1: Get all xs on one side of the equation (try and keep the x positive)
2x + x + 6 = 3 (Add x on both sides)
3x + 6 = 3 (Collect like terms)

Step 2: Solve simply by getting x subject of the formula

3x + 6 = 3
3x = 3 6 (Subtract 6 on both sides)
3x = ! 3 (Collect like terms)
3x = ! 3 3 (Divide by 3 on both sides)
x = !1 (We must be very careful for the SIGNS)



Example 2
Solve the equation 5x 7 = 5 x

Example 3
Solve the equation 2x + 21 = 8x + 3

Example 4
Solve the equation 9 + x = 4 4x



11.5 ! Solving equations part 5.
Example 1

2x + 3 x + 5 = 3x + 4x 6

Step 1: We must first ALWAYS collect like terms

x + 8 = 7x 6 (This is a recognized type of equation which can be worked out normally)

Step 2: Get numbers on one side and letters on the other

8 = 7x x 6 (Subtract x on both sides)
8 = 6x 6

8 + 6 = 6x 6 (Add 6 on both sides)
14 = 6x
14
6
x = (Divide both sides by 6)

!
!
! !

Example 2
Solve the equation 3x + 2 + 2x = 7



Example 3
Solve the equation 1 4 3 + 2x = 3x

Example 4
Solve the equation 9 + 5 = 3x + 4x

Example 5
Solve the equation 4 x 2 x = x



11.6 ! Solving equations with brackets.
Example 1
Solve the equation 5 (x 3) = 35

5 (x 3) = 35
5x 15 = 35 (Expand the brackets)

5x = 35 + 15 (Add 15 on both sides)
5x = 50
5x = 50 5 (Divide both sides by 5)
x = 10

Example 2
Solve the equation 3(x + 4) = 24

Example 3
Solve the equation 5(2x + 1) = 4(x 2) + 10



Example 4
Solve the equation 2(x + 4) = 3(2x + 1)

11.7 ! Solving equations with cross multiplication.
Example 1
Solve the equation
!
!
!! ! !

4 9
2
y
! =
We must ALWAYS start by removing the number from near the unknown.
9 4
2
y
= + (Add 4 on both sides)
13
2
y
=

To remove the denominator we know that y is divided by 2 therefore to remove that we
must multiply by 2 on both sides.

y = 13 " 2 (Multiply by 2 on both sides)
y = 26



Example 2
Solve the equation
3
2 10
5
x ! =

Example 3
Solve the equation
1
6 8
3
x + =

Example 4
Solve the equation 4 10
2
x
! =



Example 5
Solve the equation
4
9 33
5
x + =

Example 6
Solve the equation
6
3
x
=



11.8 ! Solving harder equations with cross multiplication.
When having this type of equation
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

we have 3 different fractions.

If we had no unknown we would have used directly the LCM and this is what we shall use to
solve this type of equation.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

The LCM of 3, 4 and 2 is 12

To use the LCM we must multiply throughout by 12

!
!
!!" !
!
!
!!" ! !
!
!
!!!" (Multiply throughout by 12)
! !! !! ! ! (Simplify the fractions)
4x + 3 = 6 (Collect like terms)

4x = 6 ! 3 (Subtract both sides by 3)
4x = 3
x = ! (Divide both sides by 4)



Example 1
Solve the equation 3
2 5
x x
! =

Example 2
Solve the equation
2
6
3 5
x x !
+ =



Example 3
Solve the equation
1
4 7
x x !
=

Example 4
Solve the equation
2 3 1
4
9 2
x x
x
! +
+ = !



Example 5
Solve the equation
2 6
4 2
x x + !
=

11.9 ! Constructing Equations.
Steps for setting up equations
Read the problem
Assign variables
Make a list of known facts, translate them into mathematical expressions. Sketch the
problem if possible.
Solve the equation



Example 1
The perimeter of a rectangle is 48 cm. Its length is x + 8 cm and its width is x cm. Find the
value of x.

The length is 8cm more than the width.

The perimeter of the rectangle (Add all the lengths)

x + 8 + x + x + 8 + x
4x + 16

This perimeter is equal to 48cm
4x + 16 = 48
4x + 16 = 48 16 (Subtract 16 on both sides)
4x = 32
4x = 32 4 (Divide by 4 on both sides)
x = 8cm

Length = x + 8 = 8 + 8 = 16cm
Width = x = 8 cm

x + 8
x


Example 2
I think of a number. When I triple it and add 4 we get the same answer as when I multiply
the number by two and add 6.

Example 3
I think of a number. When I double it and subtract it from 10, the result is 4.



Example 4
Gilda thinks of a number and adds 7 to it. She then multiplies her answer by 4 and gets
64. What was her original number?

Example 5

The areas of these two shapes are equal.
Find the value of x.

x
15
3
3
2x


12.10 ! Substituting.
Substitution is understood from the meaning of the word. We are going to be given a formula
with a number of variables. We shall also be given the value of the variables. These values shall
be substituted instead or the corresponding letters.

The formula for the area of a rectangle is A = lb

If a rectangle is 3cm long and 2cm wide, we can substitute the number 3 for l and the number 2
for b to give:

l = 3cm and b = 2cm

A = lb
A = l x b
A = 3 x 2
A = 6cm
2

When we substitute numbers into formulas we may have a mixture of operations:
i.e. ( ), x, , + , !
Remember to use the BIDMAS rules whilst working the value of the formula.

Example 1
N = T + G, find N when T = 4 and G = 6

N = T + G
N = 4 + 6
N = 10



Example 2
If P = 2 (l + b), find P when l = 6 and b = 9

Example 3
If C = RT, find C when R = 4 and T = -3

Example 4
If
a b
D
c
!
= , find D when a = !4, b = !8 and c = 2

Example 5
If y = mx + c, find y when m = 4, x = !2 and c = !3



11.11 ! Subject of the formula.
The "subject" of a formula is the single variable (usually on the left of the "=") that everything
else is equal to.
For example:
v = u + at
The variable v is the subject of the formula

Changing the Subject of the Formula

The following is a formula:
c = a + b
c is the subject of the formula.

Rearrange the formula to make a subject of the formula
c = a + b
The result has to be a =
c b = a (Subtract b on both sides)
c b = a
OR
a = c b

Example 1
Make b subject of the formula in the equation a = bx + c

The method is the same
as solving equations.


Example 2
Make s subject of the formula in the equation n = m 3s

Example 3
Make r the subject of the formula for the equation
q r
p
s
+
=

Example 4
Make b subject of the formula for the equation s = 3(a + b)

Example 5
Make h subject of the formula for the equation
( )
2
h a b
A
+
=

Chapter 11 Algebra 2 2014

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Form 2 [CHAPTER 11: ALGEBRA 2]

1 C.Camenzuli| Stella Maris, College

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