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Critical Appraisal of

Observational Study
in Epidemiology
dr. YUDHI WIBOWO, M.PH
OUTLINE
PENDAHULUAN
SIKLUS EBM & KOMPONEN TELAAH jURNAL
MEMAHAMI LAPORAN JURNAL
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY in EPIDEMIOLOGY
STROBE
CA JURNAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN
EPIDEMIOLOGY
KESIMPULAN
PENDAHULUAN
Bailey et al. (2005) Introduction to Epidemiology. London:McGraw-Hill
PENDAHULUAN
Much biomedical research (9 of 10) is
observational.
The reporting of such research is often
inadequate,
Which hampers the assessment of its
strengths and weaknesses and of a studys
generalizability.
However, in published observational
research important information is often
missing or unclear.
(Erik et al., 2007)
An analysis of epidemiological studies
published in general medical and specialist
journals found that the rationale behind the
choice of potential confounding variables
was often not reported (Pockok et al., 2004).
Only few reports of case-control studies in
psychiatry explained the methods used to
identify cases and controls (Lee et al., 2007).
In a survey of longitudinal studies in stroke
research, 17 of 49 articles (35%) did not
specify the eligibility criteria (Tooth et al.,
2005).
SIKLUS EBM
Menjawab Pertanyaan
Telaah Jurnal
Menemukan Kasus
Mengembangkan
Pertanyaan
Mencari Rujukan
MEMAHAMI LAPORAN JURNAL OBSERVATIONAL
STUDY in EPIDEMIOLOGY STROBE
The Strengthening the Reporting of
Observational Studies in Epidemiology
(STROBE).
What should be included in an accurate
and complete report of an observational
study.
Covered three main study designs:
cohort, case-control and cross-sectional
studies
A checklist of 22 items (the STROBE
Statement) that relate to the title,
abstract, introduction, methods, results
and discussion sections of articles.
Eighteen items are common to all three
study designs and four are specific for
cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional
studies.
To improve the quality of reporting of
observational studies
Introduction
1. Background/rationale:
besar masalah: prevalensi/insidensi/jumlah,
dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya, di tempat
lain, target program & dampak
Elaborasi: substansi & metodologis
Kesenjangan: substansi, metodologis, konfirmasi
penelitian sebelumnya
2. Tujuan Utama penelitian (primary outcome):
paling diminati peneliti, desain dirancang utk
menjawab pertanyaan, sbg dasar
perhitungan besar sampel
KOMPONEN TELAAH JURNAL (VIA)
V
V
Interna
non-kausal
V
Interna kausal
V
Eksternal
Transportability
Kodisi pasien
Kemampuan pelayanan
Ekonomi
Sosial budaya
Agama
Kepeentingan hasil
penelitian secara klinis
V eksterna 1
V eksterna 2
Temporality
Degree of association
Dose response
Consistency
Coherency
Specivicity
Biological plausibility
V Seleksi
V informaasi
V perancu
V analisis
A
I
CA OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
1. DESKRIPSI UMUM
Desain
Populasi target, populasi terjangkau,
sampel
Teknik sampling
Variabel bebas, tergantung
Hasil utama (primary outcome)
2. Validitas interna, hubungan non-kausal
Pengaruh bias
Pengaruh perancu
Pengaruh peluang
3. Validitas interna, hubungan kausal
Temporabilitas
Asosiasi kuat
Dosis respon
Konsistensi
Spesifik
Koherensi
Biologically plausible
4. Validitas eksterna
Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada subyek terpilih
Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada populasi terjangkau
Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada populasi luas
Kriteria Kausasi
Machin, D. & Campbell, M.J. (2005) The Design of Studies for Medical Research.
England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
CA MASIH DIPERLUKAN KOMPONEN:
1. IMPORTANCY : kepentingan hasil penelitian
secara klinis (effect size)
2. APPLICABILITY : transportability, kondisi
pasien, kemampuan pelayanan, ekonomi,
sosial budaya, agama.
Kesimpulan
Dokter harus mampu melakukan telaah jurnal
dengan baik.
Observational Study in Epidemiology
STROBE
CA ada 3 komponen (VIA):
Validitasvaliditas interna non-kausal, validitas
interna kausal (eksternaBradfold-Hill criteria),
validitas.
Importancy
Applicability
Reference
Erik von Elm,a Douglas G Altman,b Matthias Egger,a,c Stuart J
Pocock,d Peter C Gtzsche e & Jan P Vandenbrouckef for the
STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of
Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement:
guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bulletin of the World
Health Organization 2007;85:867872.
Pocock SJ, Collier TJ, Dandreo KJ, de Stavola BL, Goldman MB, Kalish
LA, et al. Issues in the reporting of epidemiological studies: a survey
of recent practice. BMJ 2004;329:883
Lee W, Bindman J, Ford T, Glozier N, Moran P, Stewart R, et al. Bias
in psychiatric case-control studies: literature survey. Br J Psychiatry
2007;190:204-9.
Tooth L, Ware R, Bain C, Purdie DM, Dobson A. Quality of reporting
of observational longitudinal research. Am J Epidemiol
2005;161:280-8.
Bonita, R., Beaglehole, R. & Kjellstrom, T. (2006) Basic pidemiology
Ed.2.WHO.
Dahlan, M.S. (2010) Membaca dan menelaah
jurnal uji klinis. Jakarta:Salemba Medika.
Sastroasmoro, S. & Ismael, S. (2010) Dasar-
dasar Meodologi Penelitian Klinis
Ed.3.Jakarta:Sagung Seto.
Machin, D. & Campbell, M.J. (2005) The
Design of Studies for Medical Research.
England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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