Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
3"
"'
3 3
#
C C s
d. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the slope . (Note that "
" "
WI,
=
8" =
/
B
)
. e Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test (use =.05) to determine if the year of the century is
useful for predicting the percentage of respondents that would answer yes to the above question.
State the hypotheses, find the value of the test statistic, and state your conclusion based on the P-
value or the rejection region.
f. What assumptions must be (approximately) satisfied for the above statistical procedures to be
valid? Perform 2 diagnostics to check these assumptions.
SOLUTIONS
1. a. 2.2573, 2.753, 10; 1.3411, 2.429, 10, 2.101, B B
" # #
s n s n t
1 2
2 2
.025, " ")
(2.2573 1.3411) 2.101 .9162 1.5124 ( .5962, 2.4286).
2.753 2.429
10 10
b. (i) The two samples must be independently selected (ii) The distributions of increases in cancer
death rates for fluoridated and nonfluoridated cities can be approximated by normal models. (iii) The
two groups we are comparing must be independent of each other.
2a. i). . > !!$(& #**)! !!$(& !!%!%
!"(
=
8
!!$)"
)
.
2b. L !
! " # .
. . .
L ! !#
E " # .
. . .
where is the mean price of brand 1 cola and is the mean price of brand 2 cola. . .
" #
test statistic: . > #()%
!$(&
!$)"
)
Since , do not reject the null hypothesis T @+6?/ #T> #()% !#( T @+6?/ !#
(
L !
! " # .
. . . . There appears to be no significant difference in the mean price of the 2
brands of soda.
3. L ! L ! "!
! " # . " # . E
. . . . . .
. & = "&)
.
-value > (!) T T> (!) !!"
. &
%
=
.
8
"&)
&
Conclusion: Reject and conclude that the mean weight of individuals after the diet is less than the L
!
mean weight of individuals before the diet.
4. Regularly use Do not regularly use
text messaging text messaging
Under 21 82 (58) 38 (62)
21-39 57 (43.983) 34 (47.017)
40 and over 6 (43.017) 83 (45.983)
4a. expected count:
<9A>9>+6 -96?78>9>+6
1<+8. >9>+6
&)
4b. iii) 9.210 (.0 $ "# "
4c.
$%%(!"(
%(!"(
observed - expected)
expected
# #
$'!%
4d. iv) reject H and conclude the variables are related.
!
4e. iii) The older the age group, the less that text messaging is used. (see table below)
ST 305 Final Exam Practice Problems page 6
standardized residuals
9,=/B:
/B:
Regularly use Do not regularly use
text messaging text messaging
Under 21
21-39
40 and over
$"& $!&
"*' "*!
&'% &%'
5. c , > WI, (& "'&#&""
" "
6. a >
,
WI, ""
(& "
"
7 (chap 26) .
teams are evenly matched L
!
teams are not evenly matched L
+
The table below shows the observed values in each cell and the expected cell values in parentheses if
the teams are evenly matched.
Length of series 4 games 5 games 6 games 7 games
NBA finals 7 (7.125) 13 (14.25) 22 (17.8125) 15 (17.8125)
: Test statistic
\ "&%
#
(("#& "$"%#& ##"()"#& "&"()"#&
("#& "%#& "()"#& "()"#&
# # # #
: if the null hypothesis is true, the test statistic has a chi-square distribution with Rejection region \
#
5 " % " $ .0 !& \ ()"& T @+6?/ !'( . If , the RR is . Note that
#
: do not reject . There is no evidence that the NBA championship series are inconsistent Conclusion L
!
with the conjecture that the teams are evenly matched.
8. (chap 26)
Expected cell counts are in parentheses:
Male/Female Female/Male Male/Male Female/Female
Satisfied 60 (33.175) 15 (30.521) 50 (36.493) 15
Boss/Employee
Level of Satisfaction
(39.81)
Neutral 27 (40.284) 45 (37.062) 48 (44.313 50 (48.341)
Dissatsfied 13 (26.54) 32 (24.417) 12 (29.194) 55 (31.848)
Boss/employee relationship and job satisfaction are independent L
!
Boss/employee relationship and job satisfaction are dependent L
+
Test statistic: ; degrees of freedom 3 4 ;
#
"
"#
9,=/<@/./B:/->/.
/B:/->/.
*#(!* " " '
#
. Conclusion: reject H and conclude that boss/employee relationship and job T @+6?/ !!!
!
satisfaction are related.
9. false 10. d
11. (approximately); this means that each year since 1975 the average difference a. , !!#%
"
(husband age wife age) has by !#% decreased
b. > %$&$""
,
WI, !!!&&!$
!!#$*&' "
"
iii. The -value given in the Excel output is always for a 2-tail test; since we are conducting a 1- c. T
tail test , the -value is L ! T !!!!"#(&
+ "
!!!!#&&
#
"
. from the output; notice that the interval is entirely negative. d !!$&$'*( !!"#&%$$&
. use ; e C > WI s s
"**)
8# "**)
.
for the calculations below, note that from the output we have ; = !")''#'%*
/
C %**!#"$!%$ !!#$*&'&##"**) #!$( s
"**)
ST 305 Final Exam Practice Problems page 7
WI WI , B B !!&&!$$"& "**) "*)'& s .
"**)
# # # #
"
=
8 #%
!")''#'%*
/
/
#
#
!($)'))*
> WI #!(% !($)'))* "&$#!% s
8# "**)
.
so ( , ) C > WI #!$( "&$#!% "))$(*' #"*!#!% s s
"**)
8# "**)
.
use ; f. C > WIC s s
"**) "**)
8#
for the calculations below, note that from the output we have ; = !")''#'%*
/
C %**!#"$!%$ !!#$*&'&##"**) #!$( s
"**)
WIC WI , B B = s
"**)
# # #
"
=
8
/
/
/
#
!!&&!$$"& "**) "*)'& !")''#'%* #!!("%
# # #
!")''#'%*
#%
#
> WIC #!(%#!!("% %"'#) s
8# "**)
so C > WIC #!$( %"'#) "'#!(# #%&$#) s s
"**) "**)
8#
12. . ; a , < *(" ***%* , C , B '")" ***%*'(%% &&*$&)
" ! "
=
= "'(
"("* C
B
b. C &&*$&) ***%**( *"$' s
*(
; c. = %#(%
/
WWI #&&(%)
8# "%
; d. WI, !''"
"
=
8" = "&"'(
%#(% /
B
=
confidence interval is , > WI, ***%* #"%&!''" ***%* "%"()
" "
8#
)&((" ""%"#(
vs e. L ! L !
! " + "
" "
test statistic > "&"#
,
WI, !''"
***%* "
"
for the rejection region is and ( ; !& > #"%& > #"%& 8 # "' # "% .0
the -value is 0 to nine decimal places. T
Conclusion: since the test statistic is in the rejection region, reject and conclude that year L !
! "
"
is useful for predicting the percentage of respondents that will answer yes to the question.
. In the model the error terms are assumed to be independent and normally f C
3 ! " 3 3 3
B " " % % ,
distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation for all , that is, iid for all 5 % 5 B R! B
3
Below is the least squares line on the scatterplot, a plot of the residuals against the -values, and a B
histogram of the residuals. The first 2 plots cast some doubt on the assumption of independent errors
since the residuals appear to occur in groups of positive and negative residuals. The histogram casts
some doubt on the normality of the errors since the residuals show some left-skewness.
y=0.9994x 5.5827
R=0.9423
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105
35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
%YesvsYear
ST 305 Final Exam Practice Problems page 8
15
10
5
0
5
10
30 50 70 90 110
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
s
Year
ResidualPlot