Taylan K.

Torunolu/200934012
Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering Solutions
CEE 451 MidTerm II Exam
1. (a) Why do you think the antenna of an EMI receiver is moved 1 m to 4 m vertically during the RE measurements?
(b) Which currents cause more EMC problems; CM or DM, when and why? (c) How can one believe/trust the result of
an EMC test/measurement?
(a) The standards cover a wide frequency range; hence, resizing the dipole for every frequency would be avery
time-consuming task. In order to speed the measurement over a wide frequency band, the receiver is swept across
the band and the radiated electric field at each frequency is automatically recorded.(page 66 from text book)
(b)


Typically, the common-mode currents will be substantially smaller than the differential-mode currents. Common-
mode currents are not inconsequential in typical products, and,moreover, they often produce larger radiated
emissions than do the differential modecurrents.
Observe that because the differential-mode currents are equal in magnitude but oppositely directed, the radiated
electric fields will also be oppositely directed, and will tend to cancel. They will not exactly cancel, since the
wires are not collocated, so the net electric field E
D
will be the difference between these emission components.
The common-mode currents are directed in the same direction, their radiated electric field components will
add, producing a net radiated electric field E
C
.


Due to the magnitude of the electric field, CM radiation is much more of an emission problem than DM radiation
. To minimize CM radiation, common current must be reduced to zero by means of a sensible grounding scheme
From this formulas we can predict that at high frequencies DM currents will cause more problems because of f
2
and we see at low frequencies even the smallest CM current will much more effective than DM currents with
same magnitudes.
(c) The key word for this is Accreditation.You should prove this with certificates and show that you are
recognized and qualified in that area.Every customer dontt have a knowledge about EMC and test qualifications
therefore they may ask you if you have a specific certificate.Device which is going to be measured should be
calibrated.Measurement tools should be trusthworthy.Environment should supress all other emissions and just the
devices emissions should be measured.Tests should be done as it stated in standarts.

Taylan K.Torunolu/200934012
2. Find out the insertion loss (ILdB) of the circuit shown in the figure at 100/2 MHz
if Rg=R=50 andL=0.02mH, C=5pF.

Insertion Loss , IL=20log(Voltage without filter installed/Voltage with filter installed) at load.
This filter is series L,C( BPF) as shown in figure.
We first determine the impedance values of those L,C.Z
L
=jwL,Z
C
= -j/wC where w=2 (100/2)=100MHz.
Z
L
=j2000 and Z
C
= -j2000 which shows Z
L
+ Z
C
=0 and they have no effect as filter.Thus IL=20log(1)=0dB
3. A Ferrite bead is used to suppress CM noise around 500 MHz on a signal cable. The cable connects a source
to a load. The source internal resistance and the load impedances are all 50 Ohm. How
much insertion loss does this ferrite bead supply if the impedance of the bead at 500 MHz is 500 Ohm?
Same question and this time we have 500 ohm impedance as filter.

Lets denote ferrite impedance as R
f

From voltage divider;

V
L
(

) =

V
L
=

Vg V
with ferrite
=

Vg
Without Ferrite we have;

V
L
(

) =

V
without ferrite
=

Vg


=

= 6
IL=20log(6)=15.56 dB

4. Suppose you measure X=1245.0 m with a relative error of % 1.5, and Y=788.5 m with an absolute error of
y=6.5 m. What can you say the range of Z if you calculate it from Z= Y+X/Y?
Relative error percentage=100

1.5=

x=18.675
Y
max
=Y+y=795m and X
max
=X+x=1263,675m
Y
min
=Y-y=782m and X
min
=X-x=1226,325m
Z= (Y+X)/Y=2,579
Z
max
= (Y
max
+ X
max
)/ Y
min
=2,632
Z
min
=(Y
min
+ X
min
)/ Y
max
=2,526
z=(2,632-2,526)/2=0.0529 Thus Z
min
< Z < Z
max
Z - z< Z < Z + z

Taylan K.Torunolu/200934012
5. What is the wave impedance at a distance of 25 cm away from a loop antenna at 100 MHz?

=Zo

where Zo=377 , r = 0,25 m, f=100MHz, =

=3
Zo

=197,39

6. Is the input impedance of a 50 Ohm, 5cm-long, Short Circuited Transmission Line capacitive or inductive?




Zo=50, l = 0.05m , =

Then instead of we can write

Zin=j50tan(

) where we take =180

o

Zin=j50 tan(f .6x10
-8
)
As wee see from the picture tangent is inductive 0 to 90 and its positive.And using same idea;
f .6x10
-8
=90 f=1500MHz =f
f .6x10
-8
=180f=3000MHz =2f
f .6x10
-8
=270 f=4500MHz =3f
f .6x10
-8
=360f=6000MHz =4f
0<f<1500MHz INDUCTIVE
1500MHz<f<3000MHz CAPACITIVE
3000MHz<f<4500MHz INDUCTIVE
4500MHz<f<6000MHz CAPACITIVE and it will go periodically like this(5f,6f)