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DATA-THIS IS WHERE THE WORKING DATA ID

MASTER SHEET THIS IS THE SHEET WITH THE HOME WORK PROBLEMS ON IT USE THIS SHEET TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
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MASTER SHEET THIS IS THE SHEET WITH THE HOME WORK PROBLEMS ON IT USE THIS SHEET TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS PARTIALLY SOVED SHEET - THIS SHEET HAS PART OF THE PROBLEMS ALREADY SOLVED COPY AND PASTE TO OTHER SHEET BU SHEET
ID Sal Compa Mid Age EES SR G Raise Deg Gen1 Gr
19 24 1.043 23 32 85 1 0 4.6 1 M A
25 24 1.043 23 41 70 4 0 4 0 M A
40 25 1.086 23 24 90 2 0 6.3 0 M A
8 23 1.000 23 32 90 9 1 5.8 1 F A
10 22 0.956 23 30 80 7 1 4.7 1 F A
11 23 1.000 23 41 100 19 1 4.8 1 F A
14 24 1.043 23 32 90 12 1 6 1 F A
15 24 1.043 23 32 80 8 1 4.9 1 F A
23 23 1.000 23 36 65 6 1 3.3 0 F A
26 24 1.043 23 22 95 2 1 6.2 0 F A
31 24 1.043 23 29 60 4 1 3.9 1 F A
35 24 1.043 23 23 90 4 1 5.3 0 F A
36 23 1.000 23 27 75 3 1 4.3 0 F A
37 22 0.956 23 22 95 2 1 6.2 0 F A
42 24 1.043 23 32 100 8 1 5.7 1 F A
2 27 0.870 31 52 80 7 0 3.9 0 M B
32 28 0.903 31 25 95 4 0 5.6 0 M B
34 28 0.903 31 26 80 2 0 4.9 1 M B
3 34 1.096 31 30 75 5 1 3.6 1 F B
18 36 1.161 31 31 80 11 1 5.6 0 F B
20 34 1.096 31 44 70 16 1 4.8 0 F B
39 35 1.129 31 27 90 6 1 5.5 0 F B
16 47 1.175 40 44 90 4 0 5.7 0 M C
27 40 1.000 40 35 80 7 0 3.9 1 M C
41 43 1.075 40 25 80 5 0 4.3 0 M C
7 41 1.025 40 32 100 8 1 5.7 1 F C
13 42 1.050 40 30 100 2 1 4.7 0 F C
5 47 0.979 48 36 90 16 0 5.7 1 M D
30 49 1.020 48 45 90 18 0 4.3 0 M D
22 57 1.187 48 48 65 6 1 3.8 1 F D
24 50 1.041 48 30 75 9 1 3.8 0 F D
45 55 1.145 48 36 95 8 1 5.2 1 F D
1 58 1.017 57 34 85 8 0 5.7 0 M E
4 66 1.157 57 42 100 16 0 5.5 1 M E
12 60 1.052 57 52 95 22 0 4.5 0 M E
33 64 1.122 57 35 90 9 0 5.5 1 M E
38 56 0.982 57 45 95 11 0 4.5 0 M E
44 60 1.052 57 45 90 16 0 5.2 1 M E
46 65 1.140 57 39 75 20 0 3.9 1 M E
47 62 1.087 57 37 95 5 0 5.5 1 M E
49 60 1.052 57 41 95 21 0 6.6 0 M E
50 66 1.157 57 38 80 12 0 4.6 0 M E
17 69 1.210 57 27 55 3 1 3 1 F E
48 65 1.140 57 34 90 11 1 5.3 1 F E
6 76 1.134 67 36 70 12 0 4.5 1 M F
9 77 1.149 67 49 100 10 0 4 1 M F
21 76 1.134 67 43 95 13 0 6.3 1 M F
29 72 1.074 67 52 95 5 0 5.4 0 M F
28 75 1.119 67 44 95 9 1 4.4 0 F F
43 77 1.149 67 42 95 20 1 5.5 0 F F
The ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)?
Note: to simplfy the analysis, we will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal work.
The column labels in the table mean:
ID Employee sample number Sal Salary in thousands
Age Age in years EES Appraisal rating (Employee evaluation score)
SER Years of service G Gender (0 = male, 1 = female)
Mid salary grade midpoint Raise percent of last raise
Grade job/pay grade Deg (0= BS\BA 1 = MS)
Gen1 (Male or Female) Compa - salary divided by midpoint
The ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)?
Week 3
At this point we know the following about male and female salaries.
a. Male and female overall average salaries are not equal in the population.
b. Male and female overall average compas are equal in the population, but males are a bit more spread out.
c. The male and female salary range are almost the same, as is their age and service.
d. Average performance ratings per gender are equal.
Let's look at some other factors that might influence pay - education(degree) and performance ratings.
1 Last week, we found that average performance ratings do not differ between males and females in the population.
Now we need to see if they differ among the grades. Is the average performace rating the same for all grades?
(Assume variances are equal across the grades for this ANOVA.)
Null Hypothesis:
Alt. Hypothesis:
Place B17 in Outcome range box.
Interpretation:
What is the p-value:
Is P-value < 0.05?
Do we REJ or Not reject the null?
Meaning of effect size measure:
What does that decision mean in terms of our equal pay question:
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is the effect size
value (eta squared):
2 While it appears that average salaries per each grade differ, we need to test this assumption.
Is the average salary the same for each of the grade levels? (Assume equal variance, and use the analysis toolpak function ANOVA.)
Use the input table to the right to list salaries under each grade level.
Null Hypothesis:
Alt. Hypothesis:
Place B55 in Outcome range box.
What is the p-value:
Is P-value < 0.05?
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Meaning of effect size measure:
Interpretation:
3 The table and analysis below demonstrate a 2-way ANOVA with replication. Please interpret the results.
BA MA Ho: Average compas by gender are equal
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is the effect size
value (eta squared):
Male 1.017 1.157 Ha: Average compas by gender are not equal
0.870 0.979 Ho: Average compas are equal for each degree
1.052 1.134 Ho: Average compas are not equal for each degree
1.175 1.149 Ho: Interaction is not significant
1.043 1.043 Ha: Interaction is significant
1.074 1.134
1.020 1.000 Perform analysis:
0.903 1.122
0.982 0.903 Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
1.086 1.052
1.075 1.140 SUMMARY BA MA
1.052 1.087 Male
Female 1.096 1.050 Count 12 12
1.025 1.161 Sum 12.349 12.9
1.000 1.096 Average 1.02908333 1.075
0.956 1.000 Variance 0.00668645 0.00652
1.000 1.041
1.043 1.043 Female
1.043 1.119 Count 12 12
1.210 1.043 Sum 12.791 12.787
1.187 1.000 Average 1.06591667 1.065583
1.043 0.956 Variance 0.00610245 0.004213
1.043 1.129
1.145 1.149 Total
Count 24 24
Sum 25.14 25.687
Average 1.0475 1.070292
Variance 0.00647035 0.005156
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df
Sample 0.00225502 1
Columns 0.00623352 1
Interaction 0.00641719 1
Within 0.25873675 44
Total 0.27364248 47
Interpretation:
Ha: Average compas by gender are not equal
What is the p-value:
Is P-value < 0.05?
For Ho: Average compas by gender are equal
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Meaning of effect size measure:
Ha: Average salaries are not equal for all grades
What is the p-value:
Is P-value < 0.05?
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Meaning of effect size measure:
For: Ho: Interaction is not significant Ha: Interaction is significant
What is the p-value:
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Meaning of effect size measure:
What do these decisions mean in terms of our equal pay question:
4 Many companies consider the grade midpoint to be the "market rate" - what is needed to hire a new employee.
Does the company, on average, pay its existing employees at or above the market rate?
Null Hypothesis:
Alt. Hypothesis:
Statistical test to use:
Place the cursor in B160 for correl.
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is the effect size
value (eta squared):
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is the effect size
value (eta squared):
For Ho: Average salaries are equal for all grades
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is the effect size
value (eta squared):
What is the p-value:
Is P-value < 0.05?
Do we REJ or Not reject the null?
Meaning of effect size measure: NA
Interpretation:
5. Using the results up thru this week, what are your conclusions about gender equal pay for equal work at this point?
If the null hypothesis was rejected, what is
the effect size value:
Since the effect size was not discussed in this chapter, we do
not have a formula for it - it differs from the non-paired t.
Male and female overall average compas are equal in the population, but males are a bit more spread out.
Last week, we found that average performance ratings do not differ between males and females in the population.
Now we need to see if they differ among the grades. Is the average performace rating the same for all grades?
A B C D E F
What does that decision mean in terms of our equal pay question:
While it appears that average salaries per each grade differ, we need to test this assumption.
Is the average salary the same for each of the grade levels? (Assume equal variance, and use the analysis toolpak function ANOVA.)
A B C D E F
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
The table and analysis below demonstrate a 2-way ANOVA with replication. Please interpret the results.
Ho: Average compas by gender are equal
Ha: Average compas by gender are not equal
Ho: Average compas are equal for each degree
Ho: Average compas are not equal for each degree
Total
24
25.249
1.052042
0.006866
24
25.578
1.06575
0.004933
MS F P-value F crit
0.002255 0.383482 0.538939 4.061706 (This is the row variable or gender.)
0.006234 1.060054 0.30883 4.061706 (This is the column variable or Degree.)
0.006417 1.091288 0.301892 4.061706
0.00588
Ha: Average compas by gender are not equal
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Ha: Average salaries are not equal for all grades
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis:
What do these decisions mean in terms of our equal pay question:
Many companies consider the grade midpoint to be the "market rate" - what is needed to hire a new employee. Midpoint Salary
Does the company, on average, pay its existing employees at or above the market rate?
Using the results up thru this week, what are your conclusions about gender equal pay for equal work at this point?
Week 3
1. Is the average salary the same for each of the grade levels? (Assume equal variance, and use the analysis toolpak function ANOVA.)
Set up the input table/range to use as follows: Put all of the salary values for each grade under the appropriate grade label.
A B C D E F
23 27 41 47 58 76
22 34 42 57 66 77
23 36 47 50 60 76
24 34 40 49 69 75
24 28 43 55 64 72
24 28 56 77
23 35 60
24 65
24 62
24 65
24 60
23 66
22
25
24
Result of ANOVA are statistically significant.
All grade level don't have equal average salay (F(5, 44) = 409.5941, p < 0.0001)
2. The factorial ANOVA with only 2 variables can be done with the Analysis ToolPak function 2-Way ANOVA with replication. Set up a data input table like the following:
Grade
Gender A B C D E F
M 24 27 43 47 60 77
25 28 47 49 56 72
F 22 34 41 50 69 75
24 36 42 55 65 77
For each empty cell randomly pick a male or female salary from each grade.
Interpret the results. Are the average salaries for each gender (listed as sample) equal?
Are the average salaries for each grade (listed as column) equal?
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARYA B C D E F Total
M
Count 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Sum 49 55 90 96 116 149 555
Average 24.5 27.5 45 48 58 74.5 46.25
Variance 0.5 0.5 8 2 8 12.5 323.8409
F
Count 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Sum 46 70 83 105 134 152 590
Average 23 35 41.5 52.5 67 76 49.16667
Variance 2 2 0.5 12.5 8 2 364.8788
Total
Count 4 4 4 4 4 4
Sum 95 125 173 201 250 301
Average 23.75 31.25 43.25 50.25 62.5 75.25
Variance 1.5833333 19.58333 6.916667 11.58333 32.33333 5.583333
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Sample 51.041667 1 51.04167 10.47009 0.007143 4.747225
Columns 7394.2083 5 1478.842 303.3521 3.4E-12 3.105875
Interaction 123.20833 5 24.64167 5.054701 0.01007 3.105875
Within 58.5 12 4.875
Total 7626.9583 23
3.Repeat question 2 for the compa values.
Grade
Gender A B C D E F
M 1.043 0.870 1.000 0.979 1.052 1.134
1.086 0.903 1.075 1.020 1.122 1.074
F 0.956 1.161 1.025 1.187 1.210 1.119
1.000 1.096 1.050 1.041 1.140 1.149
For each empty cell randomly pick a male or female salary from each grade.
Interpret the results. Are the average compas for each gender (listed as sample) equal?
Are the average compas for each grade (listed as column) equal?
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARYA B C D E F Total
M
Count 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Sum 2.129 1.773 2.075 1.999 2.174 2.208 12.358
Average 1.0645 0.8865 1.0375 0.9995 1.087 1.104 1.029833
Variance 0.0009245 0.000545 0.002813 0.000841 0.00245 0.0018 0.006578
F
Count 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Sum 1.956 2.257 2.075 2.228 2.35 2.268 13.134
Average 0.978 1.1285 1.0375 1.114 1.175 1.134 1.0945
Variance 0.000968 0.002113 0.000313 0.010658 0.00245 0.00045 0.006341
Total
Count 4 4 4 4 4 4
Sum 4.085 4.03 4.15 4.227 4.524 4.476
Average 1.02125 1.0075 1.0375 1.05675 1.131 1.119
Variance 0.0031249 0.020407 0.001042 0.008203 0.004215 0.00105
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Sample 0.0250907 1 0.025091 11.43821 0.005448 4.747225
Columns 0.0530738 5 0.010615 4.839008 0.011807 3.105875
Interaction 0.0627098 5 0.012542 5.71757 0.006323 3.105875
Within 0.026323 12 0.002194
Total 0.1671973 23
4. Pick any other variable you are interested in and do a simple 2-way ANOVA without replication. Why did you pick this variable and what do the results show?
Let's choose Deg and Gender as the independent variable and Compa as the dependent variable. It would show if degree is a factor contributing to salary inequity.
BS/BA MS Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
M 1.043 1.043
1.086 0.903 SUMMARYBS/BA MS
0.870 1.000 M
0.903 0.979 Count 12 12
1.175 1.157 Sum 12.432 12.9
1.075 1.122 Average 1.036 1.075
1.020 1.052 Variance 0.007938 0.00652
1.017 1.140
1.052 1.087 F
0.982 1.134 Count 12 12
1.052 1.149 Sum 12.787 12.931
1.157 1.134 Average 1.065583 1.077583
F 1.000 0.956 Variance 0.004213 0.006058
1.043 1.000
1.043 1.043 Total
1.000 1.043 Count 24 24
0.956 1.043 Sum 25.219 25.831
1.161 1.043 Average 1.050792 1.076292
1.096 1.096 Variance 0.00604 0.006017
1.129 1.025
1.050 1.187
1.041 1.145 ANOVA
1.119 1.210 Source of VariationSS df
1.149 1.140 Sample 0.003104 1
Columns 0.007803 1
Mean compa isn't different for each gender(F(1, 44) = 0.502, p = 0.482) Interaction 0.002187 1
Mean compa isn't different for each degree(F(1, 44) = 1.262, p = 0.267) Within 0.272018 44
Total 0.285112 47
5. What are your conclusions about salary equity now?
ANOVA on both sample salary data and sample compa values indicate presence of salary inequity.
Degree doesn't seem to affect compa values, so it isn't a factor in salary inequity.
1. Is the average salary the same for each of the grade levels? (Assume equal variance, and use the analysis toolpak function ANOVA.)
Set up the input table/range to use as follows: Put all of the salary values for each grade under the appropriate grade label.
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
A 15 353 23.53333 0.695238
B 7 222 31.71429 14.90476
C 5 213 42.6 7.3
D 5 258 51.6 17.8
E 12 751 62.58333 14.81061
F 6 453 75.5 3.5
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 17686.02 5 3537.204 409.5941 1.04E-35 2.42704
Within Groups 379.9786 44 8.635877
Total 18066 49
2. The factorial ANOVA with only 2 variables can be done with the Analysis ToolPak function 2-Way ANOVA with replication. Set up a data input table like the following:
Average salary of each gender isn't equal (F(1, 12) = 10.47, p = 0.007)
Average salary of each grade isn't equal (F(5, 12) = 303.35, p < 0.0001).
Average compas for each gender isn't equal (F(1, 12) = 11.438, p = 0.005).
Average compas for each grade isn't 'equal (F(5, 12) = 4.839, p = 0.012)
4. Pick any other variable you are interested in and do a simple 2-way ANOVA without replication. Why did you pick this variable and what do the results show?
Let's choose Deg and Gender as the independent variable and Compa as the dependent variable. It would show if degree is a factor contributing to salary inequity.
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
Total
24
25.332
1.0555
0.007311565
24
25.718
1.071583333
0.004949645
MS F P-value F crit
0.003104083 0.502098 0.482317 4.061706
0.007803 1.262167 0.267334 4.061706
0.002187 0.353756 0.555041 4.061706
0.006182223
ANOVA on both sample salary data and sample compa values indicate presence of salary inequity.
Degree doesn't seem to affect compa values, so it isn't a factor in salary inequity.