COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS :

CENTRAL POULRY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (WR)

MUMBAI.


I . MANAGEMENT


1 What are important points to be stressed during brooding ?

Ans:- 1).Proper temperature requirement ie.(70-75 oF)
2).Proper Ventilation.
3).Appropriate floor space ie.0.25 sq.ft./ chick in Ist week to be increased to 0.50sq.ft. by 3
rd
week.
4). Clean and sanitized water supply
5). Quality feed supply.
2. What are different equipments required in poultry and in what quantity ?

Ans:-1).Feeders: small ones (3 ft. long ) for 50 chicks and(2) big ones- (6 ft. long for 50 grown up birds.

2).Waterers: small ones ( 2 Lit.cap.) for chicks-50 and big ones (5 Lit.cap.) for grown up bird-50
3).Chick guards.
4). Brooders :- Bulb filament brooder or gas brooder @ 1.25 watt./chick.
5). Bird cages, Net boxes, egg collection trays for larger bird.
6). Other: such as medicine measure cylinder Vaccinators vaccine box, vaccine
dropper litter taker etc.

3. How to maintain water quality ?

Ans:-1).water should be kept dust and dirt free right from the source of water.
2).Regular cleaning and disinfectoin of water tanks and pipe lines.
3).Daily cleaning of waterers.
4).Regular sanitation of water.
5).Treatment to reduce hardness and salinity of water.

4. What are the different water sanitizes.

Ans:-1). Bleaching powder (Hypochlorites)
2). Quartanernary Ammonium compounds.
3). Potassium paramagnet.

5. What is floor space requirement for different types of birds in different
Systems of management ?

Ans:- Area in Sq.ft./bird. Broiler Layer

Deep litter 1 2-- 2 1/2

Cage system 0.5 1
Slotted floor 0.66 --
Environmental control 0.33 --

6). What are different systems of Management ?

Ans:- 1). Free range system.
2). Semi Intensive system.
3).Intensive system

a). Cage system.
b). Deep Litter system :- i).Floor brooding.
ii). Slotted floor.
iii).Environmental control house.

7). What are shed preparation measures before arrival of chicks ?

Ans:-1).Cleaning and disinffection of house and surrounding.

a).Dry cleaning after removal of litter.
b).Wet cleaning with caustic soda /liquid soap/bleaching powder and water
under pressure
c).Blow lamping of non inflammable excess /material.
d).Spraying of disinfectants/ fumigation.

2).Repair of cracks and crevices.
3)White washing of shed.
4).Cleaning and disinffection of water system, feeding system and all other equipment in use.
5).Preparation of brooder 24 hours before arrival at chicks.

8). What are the brooding requirements ?

Ans:-1).Brooders of size 1 S.ft. for 25 chicks. Heat sources @ 1.25 Watt / chick.
2).Litter material of good absorbing quality-like saw dust, paddy husk etc.
3).Chick guards --2 - 3 feet surrounding the brooder.
4).Papers or corrugated sheets or gunny cloth to cover litter material.
5).Feeders and waterers well spared around brooder like spokes of cycle wheat.
6).Curtain to reduce air breeze.

9). What are different types of brooders ?

(1) Depending on size (a).Small
(b) big

(2) Depending on shape :(a) Square
(b) Circular
(c) Hexagonal
(d) Plain top
(e) Slating top.
(3) Depending upon use (1) Electricity : Bulb or filament
(2) Gas Brooder
(3) Coal Brooder ie.Shegdces
(4) Sawdust brooder ie. Bokharis
(5) Kerosene Brooder.

10. What are steps to avoid feather pecking or cannabolism.

Ans: Provide aquate floor and feeder space.
Provide quality feed with appropriate calorie- protein ratio.\
Avoid injuries to chicks.
Separate injured chicks and treat them.
Immediate removal of dead birds from shed.
After cannabolism starts debeaking. If not debeaked at proper time.

11. When to do debeaking ?

Ans: Required especially in layers or desi type birds.
Can be done at (1) day old age or
(2) 10 days or
(3) 35 days and
(4) 12-14 weeks.

12. What care is required during debeaking ?

Ans: Cut Beak in appropriate size ie. Cut upper beak 2/3 and lower beak 1/3 from up
Tongue of bird should not burn.
Do not cut with jurk nor very slowly.
Check for any bleeding after debeaking.
Provide sufficient feed in feeder immediately.

13. What are technical specifications to be considered while construction of
Broiler house ?
Ans: Direction-Length of house should be East-West.
Maximum Width - 20-25 Ft.
Maximum Length- 200 ft.under Indian conditions.
Centre height - 10-12 ft.
Side height - 6-8 ft.
Over hang - 2 - 3 ft.
Width sides - built wall
Length sides -build wall upto 1-1 ft.from floor and
Remaining covered with - 1 inch wire nets.
Raised Platform of 2 - 3 ft/ from surrounding lands.


14. How much heat should be provided to the chicks.
Ans: Age. Brooding temperature. Room temperature at
1 Mtr. from floor


0-3 days 36 oC 28 oC
4-7 days 32 oC 26 oC
2
nd
wk. 28 oC 24 oC
3
rd
wk 24 oC 20 oC
4
th
wk 20 oC 20 oC

15. What should be feeder space for layers.
Ans: 1 8 wks. - 6 cm.
8-16 wks - 10 cm.
16 wks.and above - 12 cm.

16. What is floor space, feeding space and watering space requirement in layers ?
Ans: Ag.in wks. Floor space Feeding space watering space
S.ft./chick inches// chick inches/ chicks.

1 0.2 1.5 0.5
2 02 2.0 0.7
3 0.3 2.0 0.7
4 0.4 2.5 0.8
5 0 6 2.5 0.8
6. 0.8 3.0 1.0
7. 0.9 3.0 1.0
17. What are different sources of chicks.

Ans : Private: - In Maharashtra.
(1) Balkrishna Breeding Farms Pvt.Ltd.,Miraj- 223235 /46147
(2) Baramati Agro Ltd.,Pune - 21001/2
(3) C & M Farming Ltd. 0235-59222-32
(4) Tarkeshwara Hatcheries Pvt.Ltd. 0253-2345282/ 7478
(5) Venkateshware Hatcheries Ltd., Pune 338232 /2231
(6) Zorabian Chicks Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai 6903024 ,6195089

Govt:

(1) Central Poultry Development Organisation ,Mumbai 26858572
(2) Central Hatchery,Khadki, Pune.


18. What are different sources of Equipment ?

Ans:- Maharashtra:-
(1) A-Z Poultry Services Pvt.Ltd. 0253-422380,422070
(2) Dhumal Industries ,Mumbai 0253-350384
(3) Kishore Engg.Works,Mumbai. 5145973, 5165590
(4) V.J. Equipment Ltd. Pune 020 4332536


19. What special care is required during summer.

Ans: 1).Keep shed cool by:
Water spinkler, foggets, fans etc.
Wet curtains.
White washing of roof.
Tree and grass plantation around shed.

2).Provide more floor spaces per bird.
3).Avoid feeding during hot hours.
4).Provide wet mash to birds.
5).Reduce litter depth.
6) In extremes cases bird doping.

20. What special case is required during winter ?

Ans: (1)Avoid entry of rain water in shed.
(2)Avoid excessive moisture in litter.
(3)Sanitation and disinfection of drinking water.
(4)Avoid spoilage of feed by excessive moisture.


POULTRY - NUTRITION

1. How much feed is required to obtain marketable weight in broiler ?
Ans:Feed requires to obtain marketable weight in broiler is 3.5 Kg.(starter 1 Kg. and
finisher 2.5 Kg.) for 35-40 days and weight about 1.5 to 1.7 Kg.
2. Which are the different kinds of feed ?
Ans:Mash, Pellets, crumbles etc. are the different kinds of feed ?
3. Which steps to be taken to minimize the feed wastage ?
Ans:Filling 2/3 of feeder adjust height of feeders, beak trimming to minimize the feed
Wastage.
4. What are the sources of feed ?
Ans:Venkys Utara feeds
Japnas feed
Godrej- Agrovet
Premium feeds
Hindustan feeds
Pranor Agros Amrut feeds.
5. What measures to be taken to maintain quality prepared feed?
Ans :Proper storage proper ventilation ,rat proof house, leakage proof godown to be
maintain for feed storage and early disposal of feed prepared feed should be taken in
to consideration.
6. How to reduce feed cost ?
Ans 1). Minimize wastage (i) Preparation of least cost feed by using locally
available ingredients by using standard feed formulation procedure.
7. Average feed consumption layer per day ?
Ans: Average feed consumption is 115-125gm./day / layer.
8. Average feed requirement per broiler by 42 days ?
Ans: Average feed requirement is 3.2 3.5 Kg./42 days/broiler.

9. Normal FCR for broiler and layer ?
Ans:Normal FCR is 1.9 2.0 for broiler and 1.8 for layer.

10. Concepts of C:P ratio and its importance ?
Ans: It ensures adequate protein intake at all possible dietary metabolizable energy
levels.
wider C: P ratio Higher fat deposition of corcass, hence using in broiler finisher
Stage.
narrower C:P ratio:- lower fat and higher protein deposition on the caress hence using for lean
meat production.

11. Which are the recommended C:P ratio for various classes of chicken ?
C:P ratio
Ans: Starter chicken ( 0-8 weeks) -- 135 : 1
Finisher chicken (9-20 weeks) -- 140 : 1
Layer chicken (21 wks onwards) -- 170-180 :1
Starter broiler (0-3 wks.) -- 135: 1
Finisher broiler ( 4-6 wks.) -- 155 : 1

12. Why chickens feed requires more vitamins ?
Ans:The gut-flora in chickens do not provide any Vitamin synthesis
ii)Due to higher metabolic rate ,chicken needs higher levels of Vitamins, which act
as the spark plugs of the vital metabolic reactions in the body.
iii).Intensively kept chickens undergo many stresses which increases their Vitamin requirements

13. Which are the different methods of feeding in Poultry ?
Ans ::i).whole grain feeding system ii). Grain and mash method.
iii).All mash method (iv) Pellet method and (v)restricted or controlled feeding
method.
14. Which are the different ways of restricted feeding .
Ans:i).skip a day programme ; ii) alternate day feeding iii).restriction of feeding
etc. Before adopting this practice farmer should know the suit his particular
condition as none of the methods are suitable for all conditions.
15. Important points for consideration of poultry feed formulation.
Ans:1).Feeds must contain all essential nutrients in right amount and proportion required
for the purpose for which it is fed.
2).Chickens of different ages require different levels of nutrients ,hence only the
accepted standards as per age to be followed.
3).While selection nutritional value of each ingredients should be evaluated
vis--vis cost.
4).Ingredients should be grind into proper sizes in keeping in mind to age of the
chicken.
5).Micro-nutrients and non-nutrient feed additives should be carefully chosen and
mixed up meticulously for effective results.
6). Include agro-industrial by-products to minimize cost and select a variety of
ingredients to make good deficiency of one by the other.
7). While selecting an ingredient care should be exercised to judge its optimum level
of inclusion as many of the ingredients are likely to be deleterious at higher level.
8).Fungal infested ingredients should always be avoided to avoid its mycotoxin
effects.
9). Care should be taken to select optimum C:P ratio for the purpose for which
feeds are compounded.
10). Before using of ingredient /vitamins its quality to be checked.
16). How to compute a ration for chicken ?
Ans: A farmer interested to compounding poultry mashes should have the basic
knowledge of various types of raw ingredients available as to their efficiency
and nutrient composition vis-a vis cost to make any mash effective for his flock.
17).Which are the major factors in the feed preparation ?
Ans: I).Protein supplement : (Primary source of protein)
a).Vegetable protein supplement-
eg. groundnut cake, soyabean meal, mustard cake, maize gluten etc.
b)..Animal Protein supplement:
eg. fish meal, skim milk powder ,liver meal, meat meal etc.

ii). Energy supplement :
a).Primary source of energy cereal grains like maize, wheat, miller grains like
jowar, milo, bajara ,rice polish etc.
b).Cereal by products (Diluents, medium energy content and sources of minerals)
eg. wheat bran, rice bran, maize grit etc.
iii). Salt
iv). Minerals
v). Vitamins.
vi). Non- nutrient feed additives.
eg. Antibiotic, antioxidants, coccidiostat etc.
18). Which are most essential amino acids for poultry ?
Ans: Lysing, methionine, cystire and tnyplophan are the most essential amino acids for
poultry.
19. Inclusion levels in percent for protein, energy, mineral and vitamin supplement.
Ans: Protein rich supplement : - Vegetable source --18-22
- Animal source - 5-8
Energy rich supplement: - Cereals lmillets - 60-65

Mineral supplements - Calcite - 5
Standard mineral mixture 2-3
Vitamin supplement - Standard Vit.A B2 D3
Complex ___________
Total 100

20. What is ideal calcium : Phosphorous ratio:
Ans: 2 : 1 is the ideal Ca : P ratio.
21. Which is maximum level of salt in the poultry ratio:
Ans: A maximum level of 0.6% salt in the diet of various classes of chickens was
Given by I S I Standard.
22. Which are the tolerance level of dietary aflatoxin in various types of chickens ?
Ans: White Leghorns chicks -- 150 ppb
Pure breed Broiler chicks200 ppb
Cross breed broiler chicks 400 ppb
Quail starter chicks --1300 ppb
Guinea fowl kitts. 1500 ppb.

23. Which precautions to be taken against aflatoxin ?
Ans: Ammonia treatment of ground nut cake, meal is reported to detoxify the meal safe
enough for feeding. Diets containing higher protein levels, Vit.D 3 and
magnesium to provide protection against Aflatoxins. Feed ingredients to be checked
for aflatoxin before use to avoid its toxic effect. Feed / ingredient containing more
than 12% moisture should not be use to avoid fungal growth in it.