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INTRODUCTION
According to their use in a sentence, all the words in English are divided into eight
parts. They are called ‘Parts of Speech’.
XH› "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ Jq K͆Çò „¬xx |\÷“, WOwÁ+¬µ…Õx „¬^Î=ò•x߆Çò 8 ƒ•ìQ®=ò•°Qê
qƒ•’lO„¬|_•#q. g\÷<Í ‘Parts of Speech’ JO^ΰ~¡°. Jq
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adjective
5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
English ƒì+¬…Õ D q^•Î=°òQê 8 ƒ•ìQ®=ò•°#ß„æ¬\H÷ ,© g@xßO\÷…Õ Verb KŒ…ì =òY¼"³°Ø#k.
WOwÁ+¬µ…Õ Verb …è䛽O_¨ =°#O "ŒH›¼O K³„¬æ…è=ò.
„¬îië J~¡Ö=ò`Ë XH› "ŒH›¼=ò K³„¬C@䛽 ‹¬i†³Ø°# 'Verb Form' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°. H›#°H›
=òO^ΰQê Verb Q®°iOz `³•°‹¬°HùO^Î=ò.
What is a Verb?
A Verb is a word used to denote an action, a state or a possession.
(Doing - Being - Having)
(K͆Çò@ Ð LO_È°@ Ð H›ey†ÇòO_È°@)
=°#=ò Z•Á„¬C_È° U^Ë XH› „¬x K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
=°#=ò K͆Çò „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#=ò K͆Çò
„¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° =¶@•#° English Grammar …Õ "Verb' JO^ΰ~¡°. W@°=O\÷ Verbs
WOwÁ+µ¬ ƒ•ì+¬…Õ KŒ…ì L#ßq.
=°#=ò `³•°Q®°…Õ K³„¬C ㄬu „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ° =¶@䛽 WOwÁ+¬µ…Õ J#°"Œ^Î „¬^Î=ò#ßk.
L^¥‚¬ì~¡}䛽 :
'"³ˆ×ÃÁ@Ñ Jx K³„¬C@䛽 'go'
'KǶKÇ°@Ñ Jx K³„¬C@䛽 'see'
'u#°@Ñ Jx K³„¬C@䛽 'eat'
'KÇ^ΰ=ô@Ñ Jx K³„¬C@䛽 'read'
'P_È°@Ñ Jx K³„¬C@䛽 'play'
D q^•Î=°òQ®ê =°#=ò U „¬xx Q®°iOz K³„æ¬ =…ÿ##ß#¶, WOwÁ+µ¬ …Õ ^¥xH÷ ‹¬i†³°Ø #
J#°"Œ^Î „¬^Î=ò LO_È°#°.
WH›ø_È =°#=ò XH› =òY¼"³°Ø# q+¬†Ç°=ò Q®=°xOKÇ=…ÿ#°. XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ° =¶@#°
Verb JO^ΰ~¡° Jx K³„C¬ Hùx†Çò<Œß=ò H›^¥! WOwÁ+µ¬ …Õ „ã u
¬ Verb 䛽 =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò•°O_È°#°.
g\÷<Í 'Conjugative Forms' JO^ΰ~¡°.
D =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò•#° Grammar …Õ Present Form, Past Form =°i†Çò Past Participle
JO^ΰ~¡°.

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Hêx Spoken English H÷ ‹¬O|Ok•Oz#O`Ç=~¡ä½› D =ü_È° ~¡¶=ò•#° ‹¬°•ƒ•’=òQê


Q®°iëOKÇ°@䛽 g•°Qê, g\÷x =~¡°‹¬Qê "³ò^Î\÷ ^¥xx I Form Jx†Çò, ï~O_È= ^¥xx II Form
Jx†Çò, =ü_È= ^¥xx III Form Jx†Çò K³„¬CHù#=KÇ°ó#°.
D Course …Õx ㄬu Chapter …Õ ã„¬u KË@ D I, II, III Forms ㄬ†³¶Q®=ò [~¡°Q®°KÇ°<Í
†ÇòO_È°#°. H›#°H› Verb 䛽 Q®• =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò•#° ƒìQ®°Qê J~¡ÖO KÍ‹¬°Hù#=…ÿ#°.
I Form J#Qê Verb †³òH›ø "³ò^Î\÷ ~¡¶„¬=ò.
II Form J#Qê Verb †³òH›ø ï~O_È= ~¡¶„¬=ò.
III Form J#Qê Verb †³òH›ø =ü_È= ~¡¶„¬=ò.
L^¥‚¬ì~¡}䛽 :
I Form II Form III Form
go went gone
see saw seen
eat ate eaten
buy bought bought
do did done
give gave given

D q^•Î=°òQê WOwÁ+µ¬ …Õx „ ã u


¬ Verb 䛽 =ü_È° ~¡¶=ò•°O_È°#°. Jxß Verb •†³òH›ø 3
~¡¶„¬=ò•° =°#䛽 `³e‹²†ÇòO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. g\÷ ~¡¶„¬=ò•#° ãH›=°=òQê practice ^¥Þ~Œ
<Í~¡°óHù#=KÇ°ó#°.
Verb †³òH›ø I Form, II Form, III Form •…Õ =°#䛽 Confusion L#߆³°_È• D notes
follow JQ®°@ H›+¬“=òQê LO_È°#°. JO^ΰ=•# =òO^ΰQê J‹¬•° "Verb' J#Qê Uq°\÷? ^¥xH÷
Zxß~¡¶„¬=ò•°O_È°#°? U ~¡¶„¬=ò#° U=°O^ΰ~¡°? J#° q+¬†Ç°=ò•° „¬îiëQê J~¡Ö=°Q®°#@°Á
`³•°‹¬°Hù#=…ÿ#°. Verb J#Qê Uq°\Õ `³e‹²Hùx, Verb †³òH›ø I, II, III forms `³•°‹¬°Hùx#
`Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç U form #° Z„¬C_È°, Uq^•ÎOQê L„¬†¶ ³ yOKÇ=…ÿ<Ë rule `³•°‹¬°Hùx, practice K͆ò
Ç @
H›+¬“=ò Hê^ΰ. KŒ…ì ‹¬°•ƒ•’=òQê Verb †³ ò H› ø ‹¬ i †³ Ø ° # ~¡ ¶ „¬ = ò#° "ŒH› ¼ =ò…Õ
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=KÇ°ó#°.
INTRODUCTION =°~¡• XH›ª•i ƒìQê J~¡=Ö °Q®°#@°Á KÇ^=Î O_•.
WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ =°#=ò Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò?
J Parts of Speech JxßO\÷…Õ Verb KŒ…ì =òY¼"³°Ø#k.
J XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ° =¶@#° Verb JO^ΰ~¡°.
J WOwÁ+¬µ…Õx ㄬu Verb 䛽 =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò•°O_È°#°.
J D =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò•° =~¡°‹¬Qê I Form, II Form, III Form JO^ΰ~¡°
W„¬C_È° Verb †³òH›ø I Form U q^•Î=òQê L„¬†¶³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#° ?
II Form U q^•Î=òQê L„¬†¶³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°?
III Form U q^•Î=òQê L„¬†¶³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#° ?
XHùøH›ø ^¥xx Q®°iOz q=~¡OQê <Í~¡°óHùO^Î=ò.
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REGULAR ACTION - POSITIVE FORM


=°#=ò ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê Hùxß „¬#°•° , J•"Œ@°Qê Hùxß „¬#°•° K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#
J•"Œ@Á#°, =°#=ò ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆Çò „¬#°•#° W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ㄬu ~ËA library H÷ "³ˆ×`Œ#°. J "Í°=ò „ã u¬ ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ cricket practise Kͪ•ë=ò.
J =¶ father „ã u¬ <³• camp "³ˆ×`Œ~¡°. J P"³° ㄬu #=• HùO@°Ok.
J "Œ~¡° ㄬu <³• meeting H÷ ‚¬ð[~¡° J=ô`Œ~¡°. J =¶ brother KŒ…ì hard work Kͪ•ë_°È .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆Çò „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã u¬ ~ËA, „ã u¬ "Œ~¡O, „ã u¬ <³•, „ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, Z•Á„C¬ _È°, `Ç~K
¡ °Ç Qê, ª•^•¥~¡}OQê
„¬^Í „¬^Í,=°~¡• =°~¡• ï~Q®°¼•~Ÿ Qê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆Çò XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
"ŒH›¼=ò…Õx subject 'He' 'She' 'It' (III Person, Singular Number) J~ò#„¬C_È° Verb 䛽
's' Qêx 'es' Qêx, 'ies' Qêx KÍ~¡ó=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ㄬu L^ΆǰO Hindu KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ#°. 6. "Œ~¡° „
ã u
¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O [#=i…Õ u~¡°=°•
I read the Hindu every morning. ‹¬O^ÎiŪ•ë~°¡ .
2. "Í°=ò ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O special class H÷ They visit Tirumala in January every
attend J=ô`Œ=ò. year.
We attend the special class every
7. <Í#° ㄬu L^ΆǰO walk H÷ "³ˆìë#°.
Sunday.
I go for a walk every morning.
3. =¶ brother ##°ß studies …Õ ƒìQê
‡ã é`Ç•‚²ìª•ë_°È . 8. "Í°=ò ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O test "ã Œª•ë=ò.
My brother encourages me well in my We write a test every Sunday.
studies. 9. =¶ English lecturer KŒ…ì ƒìQê teach
4. =¶ father <Œä›½ ㄬu <³• money „¬O„¬ô Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
`Œ~¡°. Our English lecturer teaches us very
My father sends me money every well.
month.
10. =¶ mother ã „ ¬ u ‰× x "Œ~¡ O L„¬ " Œ‹¬ O
5. P"³° „
ã u
¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O birthday [~¡°„¬ô =ôO@°Ok.
䛽O@°Ok. My mother fasts every Saturday.
She celebrates her birthday every year.

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11. "Œ~¡° „
ã u
¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =¶ió…Õ income tax EXERCISE
K³eªÁ •ë~°¡ . D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
They pay income tax in March every
year. 1. <Í#° ㄬu ~ËA diary "ã Œª•ë#°.
12. "³á*ìQ·…Õ `Ç~¡KÇ°Qê =~¡ÂO „¬_È°`Ç°Ok. 2. "Í°=ò ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O match P_È°`Œ=ò.
It often rains in Vizag. 3. =¶ father <Œä› ½ `Ç ~ ¡ K Ç ° Qê advise
13. <Í#° „
ã u
¬ ~ËA P„¦‹
Ô °¬ H÷ |‹¬°•…Õ "³ˆ`× Œ#°. KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
I go to office by bus every day. 4. =¶ brother Z•Á„C¬ _È° class …Õ first rank
14. Irfan Pathan KŒ…ì fast Qê bowl Kͪ•ë_°È . ‡ÚO^ΰ`Ç°O\ì_È°.
Irfan Pathan bowls very fast. 5. P"³° north Indian dishes ƒìQê `džǶ~¡°
15. =¶ „ã x² •‡•…˜ Z•Á„C¬ _È° English KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
=¶\ìÁ_È° `Œ~¡°. 6. "Œ~¡° ㄬu ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hê…èl…Õ tour
Our Principal always speaks English. x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~°¡ .
16. H›$‘•â ZH±•„
Ìã ‹¹ XOQË•°H÷ L^Ά°Ç O 10 Q®OII 7. Trains `Ç~¡KÇ°Qê late Qê #_È°‹¬°ëO\ì~ò.
10 xII•ä›½ =‹¬°ëOk. 8. <Í#° ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O =¶ native place H÷
The Krishna Express arrives in Ongole "³ˆ×`Œ#°.
at 10.10 a.m.
9. "Í°=ò ㄬu q+¬†Ç°O =¶ father `Ë
17. J`Ç_È° `Ç~¡KÇ°Qê `Ç# friends H÷ help discuss Kͪ•ë=ò.
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°.
10. =¶ sister Z„¬C_ȶ #=••° KÇ^ΰ=ô
He often helps his friends.
`ǶO@°Ok.
18. =¶ Physics lecturer „
ã u
¬ lesson H÷ notes 11. J`Ç _ È ° ã „ ¬ u important point note
dictate Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O\ì_È°.
Our Physics lecturer dictates notes for
every lesson . 12. N "Œ*˜ À „ ~ò Zä› ½ ø=Qê ‚² ì On…Õ

ã ‹
¬ O¬ yª•ë~°¡ .
19. H›=°•‚¬ð‹¬<£ Hê"³°_™ scenes …Õ ƒìQê act
Kͪ•ë_°È . 13. =¶ P„¦Ô‹¬~Ÿ =°Oz dignity maintain
Kamal Hassan acts well in comedy Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
scenes. 14. P"³° guests x ƒìQê treat KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
20. N KÇO^ã ƒ
Î ì|° `Ç~K
¡ °Ç Qê ‡•s“ <Œ†Ç°ä›½•`Ë 15. <Í#° ㄬu ~ËA 9 p.m. H÷ ETV …Õ "Œ~¡ë•°
KÇi󋬶ëO\ì~¡°. KǶª•ë#°.
Sri Chandra Babu often discusses
with the party leaders. Z
Practice makes man perfect. 4
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NEGATIVE FORM
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° J•"Œ@°…èH,› g•°„¬_HÈ › J‹¬•° K͆°Ç =ò. XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò
W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° XH›~¡° J•"Œ@°…èH› J‹¬•°…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° J‹¬•° Hê„¦Ô ã`ŒQ®#°. J "Í°=ò J‹¬•° money J„¬CK͆ǰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=i=¶\ì q#_È°. J P"³° J‹¬•° birth day [~¡°„¬ôHù#^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° taxes K³eÁOKÇ~¡°. J J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=ih #=°à_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° J‹¬•° Z„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê J•"Œ@°…èH› Qêx, g•°„¬_HÈ › Qêh, W+¬=“ ò…èH› Qêh =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ J‹¬…„ÿ æ¬ \÷H©
K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Donot / Doesnot + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I', 'We', 'You', 'They' – subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'do not' =KÇ°ó#°.
'He', 'She', 'It' - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'does not' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° J‹¬•° #=••° KÇ^Î=#°. 7. <Í#° J‹¬•° \©.q. …Õ `³•°Q®° ‹Ôi†Ç°…˜•
I donot read novels at all. KǶ_È#°.
2. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° work neglect K͆ǰ=ò. I donot watch Telugu serials on

We donot neglect our work at all. T.V. at all.

3. =¶ brother J‹¬•° hard work K͆ǰ_È°. 8. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=ih care K͆ǰ_È°.
My brother doesnot work hard. He doesnot care anybody.
4. P"³° J‹¬•° Z=i`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È^ΰ.
She does not talk to anybody.
9. P"³° J‹¬•° functions H÷ attend J=Þ^ΰ.
She doesnot attend functions at all.
5. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° rules strict Qê ‡•\÷OKÇ~°¡ .
They donot follow rules strictly. 10. "Œ~¡° Pk"Œ~¡O shop open K͆ǰ~¡°.
6. Tamil Nadu Express Ongole station …Õ They donot open the shop on Sunday.
PQ®^ΰ.
11. <Í # ° J‹¬ • ° non-vegetarian items
The Tamil Nad Express does not stop
f‹¬°HË#°.
in Ongole station.
I donot take non-veg. items at all.

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12. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=iH© help K͆ǰ_È°. EXERCISE


He does not help anybody at all. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
13. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° =°# „¬O_È°Q®•° [~¡°„¬~¡°. 1. <Í#° J‹¬•° Hindi movies KǶ_È#°.
They donot celebrate our festivals
at all. 2. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° Sunday work K͆ǰ=ò.

14. <Í#° J‹¬•° W`Ç~¡°• q+¬†Ç°O *ÕH›¼O 3. P"³° J‹¬•° guest •#° ‹¬iQê treat
KÍ‹¬°HË#°. K͆ǰ^ΰ.
I donot interefere in others matter.
4. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° friends `Ë move J=_È°.
15. =¶ officer J‹¬ • ° dignity maintain
K͆ǰ~¡°. 5. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° programmes …Õ ‡•…ç¾#~¡°.
Our officer doesnot maintain dignity
6. J`Ç_È° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê office H÷ ~Œ_È°.
at all.
7. <Í#° J‹¬•° smoke K͆ǰ#°.
16. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° money ‡Ú^ΰ„¬ô K͆ǰ~¡°.
They donot save money at all. 8. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° guides follow J==ò.
17. =¶ Chemistry lecturer J‹¬•° notes 9. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° juniors #° encourage
dictate K͆ǰ~¡°. K͆ǰ_È°.
Our Chemistry lecturer doesnot
dictate notes at all. 10. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° ^Í=ôx #=°à_È°.

18. P"³° J‹¬•° |‹¬°•…Õ „


ã †
¬ ¶
Ç }O K͆°Ç ^ΰ. 11. "Œ~¡° regular Qê rent pay K͆ǰ~¡°.
She doesnot travel by bus at all.
12. J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° x~¡°`Œ•‚¬ì„¬__
È °È .
19. =¶ principal J‹¬•° `³•°Q®° =¶\ìÁ_È~¡°.
13. =¶ brother J‹¬•° work Ì„á concentrate
Our Principal doesnot speakTelugu at
K͆ǰ_Ȱ.
all.

14. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° =‹¬°ë=ô•° J„¬C W=Þ~¡°.


20. P"³° J‹¬•° modern dress ^•ÎiOKÇ^°Î .
She does not wear modern dress at 15. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° time waste K͆ǰ=ò.
all.
Z
A rolling stone gathers no mass. 6
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J…"Œ@°Qê K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ㄬu~ËA news paper KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ"Œ? J g°~¡° ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O KÇióH÷ "³ˆ×`Œ~Œ?
J g° brother h䛽 ㄬu <³• money „¬O„¬ô`Œ~Œ? J "Œ~¡° „ã u¬ ª•s g°ä›½ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì~Œ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆Çò „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ㄬ‰×ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=°òQê =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê, J•"Œ@°Qê, „¬^Í „¬^,Í =°~¡• =°~¡• „ã u¬ ~ËA,
„ã u¬ "Œ~¡O, „ã u¬ <³•, „ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, Z•Á„C¬ _È°, `Ç~K
¡ °Ç Qê, K͆òÇ XH› „¬xx „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
''''Do / Does + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'DoÑ
He, She, It - subject Qê =ô#ß„¬C_È° 'DoesÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ㄬu L^ΆǰO walking H÷ "³ˆ×`Œ"Œ? 7. h=ô English magazines Zä› ½ ø=Qê
Do you go for a walk every morning? KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ"Œ?
2. g° aunt guests #° ƒìQê treat Kͪ•ë~Œ? Do you read English magazines
Does your aunt treat the guests well? mostly?

3. g° father L.I.C. …Õ „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ? 8. g°~¡° ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O E-TV …Õ „ã u


¬ ^•ÎÞx
Does your father work in the L.I.C.? programme KǶª•ë~Œ?

4. G.T. Express Ongole …Õ PQ®°`Ç°O^¥? Do you watch the programme

Does the G.T. Express stop in Ongole? Pratidhwani on E-T.V. every Sunday?

5. "Œ~¡° ㄬu ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Annual Day 9. g° brother x#°ß studies …Õ encourage


[~¡°„¬ô`Œ~Œ? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_¨ ?
Do they celebrate the Annual Day Does your brother encourage you in

every year? your studies ?

6. P"³° g°ä›½ Hindi teach KÍ‹¬°ëO@°O^¥? 10. g°~¡° ㄬu"Œ~¡O school …Õ test "ã Œª•ë~Œ?
Does she teach you Hindi? Do you write a test in the school every
week?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. g°~¡° „
ã u
¬ ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ Hã Hï÷ \˜ ZH›ø_È D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
practise Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
Where do you practise cricket every 1. h=ô ï ~ Q® ° ¼•~Ÿ Q ê ‚² ì O^Î ¶ À „ „¬ ~ ¡ °
evening? KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ"Œ ?
12. h=ô ª•^•¥~¡}OQê Z„¬C_È° xã^…Î ªè •ë=ô ? 2. g°~¡ ° college …Õ games practise
When do you usually wake up ? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ ?
13. g° father ㄬu<³• Hyderabad ZO^ΰ䛽 3. g° brother U.S.A. …Õ x=t‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ ?
"³ˆ×`Œ~¡° ? 4. P"³° z#ß z#ß H›^ŠÎ•° ã"Œ‹¬°ëO@°O^¥ ?
Why does your father go to Hyderabad 5. "Œ~¡° „ ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O income tax pay
every month ? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ ?
14. Mrs. Malathi g°ä›½ U subject teach 6. g° Principal Z„¬ C _È ¶ English …Õ<Í
Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? =¶\ìÁ_È°`Œ~Œ ?
Which subject does Mrs. Malathi teach 7. H›=°•‚¬ð‹¬<£ ‚²ìOn ‹²x=¶•…Õ ä›•_¨
you ? #\÷‹¬°ëO\ì_¨?
15. h=ô ㄬu ~ËA college H÷ Z…ì "³ˆ×`Œ=ô ? 8. WH›ø_È `Ç~¡KÇ°Qê =~¡ÂO „¬_È°`Ç°O@°O^¥ ?
How do you go to college everyday ? 9. g°ä›½ college …Õ English Z=~¡° teach
16. g° father h䛽 <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç money KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡° ?
„¬O„¬ô`Œ~¡° ? 10. WO_•†Ç°<£ H ã Hï÷ \˜ \©"°£ …Õ h=ô Z=ix like
Howmuch money does your father Kͪ•ë=ô?
send you every month ? 11. h=ô ª•^•¥~¡}OQê U dictionary refer
17. g°~¡ ° P„¦ ¬ Ô ‹ ¬ ° …Õ ~ËAH÷ Zxß Q® O @•° KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ô?
„¬xKͪ•ë~°¡ ? 12. „² < ŒH÷ x express XOQË•°H÷ Z„¬ C _È °
Howmany hours do you work in your =‹¬°ëOk?
office everyday ? 13. ZO^ΰ䛽 J`Ç_È° Z•Á„¬ôC_È° time waste
18. g° business Z=~¡° KǶ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡° ? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°?
Who looks after your business ? 14. g°~¡° D house H÷ <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç rent pay
19. ã „ ¬ u ~ËA L^Î † Ç ° O h=ô Uq° KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
f‹¬°ä›½O\ì=ô ? 15. XH› one-day match …Õ XH› bowler
What do you take every morning ? ª•^•¥~¡}OQê Zxß overs bowl
20. g° elder brother ZH›ø_È „¬xKÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì_È°? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°?
Where does your elder brother
work ?
Z
Honesty is the best policy. 8
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›~°¡ J•"Œ@°…èH› ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê J‹¬…„
ÿ æ¬ \H÷ © K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J h=ô J‹¬•° Hindi movies KǶ_È"Œ ? J g°~¡° J‹¬•° Hê…è[…Õ games P_È~Œ ?
J J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=ih care K͆ǰ_¨ ? J P"³° J‹¬•° Z=i`Ë#¶ =¶\ìÁ_È^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆ǰx „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~¡°Qêx J…"Œ@° …èH›Qêh, W+¬“O…èH›Qêh, g•°„¬_ÈH›Qêh
J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H©K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't /Doesn't + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - I, We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Don't'
He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Doesn't' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô J‹¬•° #=••° KÇ^ΰ="Œ ? 6. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° =°# „¬O_È°Q®•° [~¡°„¬~Œ ?
Don't you read novels at all ? Don't they celebrate our festivals at all?

2. g°~¡° Sunday classes H÷ attend J=~Œ? 7. h=ô J‹¬•° cotten shirts ^•ÎiOKÇ"Œ ?
Don't you attend classes on Sundays? Don't you wear cotten shirts at all ?

3. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° Z=iH© help K͆ǰ_¨ ? 8. h=ô J‹¬•° ^Í=ôx #=°à"Œ ?


Doesn't he help others at all ? Don't you believe in God ?

4. P"³° J‹¬•° WO\ÕÁ #°O_• |†Ç°@䛽 ~Œ^¥? 9. D camera „¬x K͆ǰ^¥ ?


Doesn't she come out of the house ? Doesn't this camera function ?

5. G.T. Express p~Œ•…Õ PQ®^¥ ? 10. g°~¡° J‹¬•° non-veg. food f‹¬°HË~Œ ?
Doesn't the G.T. Express stop in Don't you take non-veg. food at all ?
Chirala?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 H›+„


“¬ _
¬ • „¬xK͆°Ç =ô ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why don't you work hard ?
1. h=ô J‹¬•° sweet like K͆ǰ"Œ ?
12. g°~¡° ZO^ΰ䛽 games practise K͆°Ç ~¡°?
Why don't you practise games ? 2. g°~¡° J‹¬•° English =¶\ìÁ_È~Œ ?
13. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 early Qê xã^Î …è==ô ?
Why don't you wake up early in the 3. J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° H›+„
“¬ _
¬ • „¬xK͆°Ç _¨ ?
morning ?
4. P"³° J‹¬•° friends Wˆ×¤ä›½ "³ˆ×¤^¥ ?
14. J`Ç_°È ZO^ΰ䛽 studies „
Ì á ‰ã ^
× íÎ KǶ„¬_°È ?
Why doesn't he concentrate on
5. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° taxes pay K͆ǰ~Œ ?
studies ?

15. P"³° ZO^ΰ䛽 Z=i`Ë#¶ =¶\ìÁ_È^ΰ? 6. D 䛽H›ø Z=ih H›~¡=^¥ ?


Why doesn't she speak to others ?
7. J`Ç_È° Z=i =¶\ì q#_¨ ?
16. J`Ç_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 regular Qê duty H÷
attend Hê_È° ?
8. h=ô J‹¬•° U q+¬†Ç°=ò „¬\÷“OKÇ°HË"Œ?
Why doesn't he attend the duty
regularly ?
9. g° father x#°ß Ug° J#~Œ ?
17. h=ô ㄬu <³• ZO^ΰ䛽 money save
K͆ǰ=ô ? 10. h=ô J‹¬•° fountain pen use K͆ǰ"Œ?
Why don't you save money every
month ? 11. h=ô P~ËQ®¼O ZO^ΰ䛽 care f‹¬°HË=ô ?
18. h=ô job HË‹¬O ZO^ΰ䛽 serious Qê try
K͆ǰ=ô ? 12. ##°ß J~¡ÖO KÍ‹¬°Hù<ÍO^ΰ䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 try
Why don't you try for a job seriously ? K͆ǰ=ô ?
19. D "³òH›ø ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡Ú_È=ôQê Ì„~¡Q®^ΰ ? 13. g°ï~O^ΰ䛽 J`Çxx #=°à~¡° ?
Why doesn't this plant grow tall ?

20. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 J‹¬•° Z=i`Ë friends 14. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° ZO^ΰ䛽 rules ‡•\÷OKÇ~°¡ ?
K͆ǰ=ô ?
Why don't you make friends with 15. #H›Æã`Œ•° „¬Q®•° ZO^ΰ䛽 H›#|_È=ô ?
others ?
Z
Fortune favours the bold. 10
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'I form of the verb' Q®°iOz
<Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Simple Present Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1. Positive Form
2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò.
D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
=°#=ò ï ~ Q® ° ¼•~Ÿ Q ê, J•"Œ@°Qê, „¬ ^ Í „ ¬ ^ Í KÍ † Ç ò XH› „¬ x x ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½
The First form of the Verb L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I take coffee every morning. 2. My father sends me money every month.
3. They work hard. 4. My brother always reads books.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
=°#=ò J•"Œ@°…èH›, g•°„¬_ÈH›, W+¬“O…èH› J‹¬•° Z„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "donot / doesnot + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I don't smoke at all. 2. My father doesn't tolerate indiscipline.
3. They do not neglect work at all. 4. She doesn't see movies.

3. QUESTION FORM :
=°#=ò ï~Q®°¼•~Ÿ Qê, J•"Œ@°Qê, „¬^Í„¬^Í K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•#°
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Do/Does + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Do you wake up early in the morning ? 2. Does she paint pictures ?
3. Do they conduct tests every week ? 4. Does he ofen go to Vizag ?

4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :


=°#=ò J•"Œ@° …èH›, ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ
ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#° ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "Don't / Doesn't + I form of the Verb"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Don't you ride a bike ? 2.Doesn't she go to movies at all ?
3. Don't they come to your house at all ? 4. Doesn't she cook well ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

1. Begin began begun P~¡Oa•OKÇ°@


2. Break broke broken „¬Q®°•Qù@°“@
3. Bring brought brought `³KÇ°ó@
4. Build built built xiàOKÇ°@
5. Buy bought bought Hù#°@
6. Catch caught caught JO^ΰHù#°@
7. Chide chid chidden p"Œ@°Á Ì„@°“@
8. Choose chose chosen Z#°ßHù#°@
9. Come came come =KÇ°ó@
10 Creep crept crept ‡ã •ä›½@
11. Deal dealt dealt x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
12. Draw drew drawn w†Çò@, …ìQ®°@
13. Dream dreamt dreamt H›•Q®#°@
14. Drink drank drunk ã`ŒQ®°@
15. Drive drove driven #_È°„¬ô@
16. Eat ate eaten u#°@
17. Fall fell fallen „¬_È°@
18. Feel felt felt J#°ƒ•’¶u ‡ÚO^ΰ@
19. Fight fought fought ‡é~Œ_È°@
20. Find found found H›#°Qù#°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß~°¡ H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
12 There is no success without hardship.
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PAST ACTION
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹#² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. J#Qê P „¬x =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È° KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 „¬îië J~ò#k.
J "Í°=ò last Sunday XH› Hindi movie KǶ‰§=ò. J <Í#° x#ß „¬sH›Æ „¦ÔA K³eÁOKŒ#°.
J "Œ~¡° last year <³•¶Á~°¡ H÷ shift J~ò<Œ~¡°. J <Í#° x#ß train miss J~ò<Œ#°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹²# „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› Yzó`"Ç °³ #Ø ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ „¬îië KÍ‹#² XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"II form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Verb †³òH›ø II form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß =¶ father H÷ letter ã"Œ‰§#°. 7. x#ß „²<ŒH÷x ZH±•„
Ìã ‹¹ XH› Q®O@ late Qê
I wrote a letter to my father yesterday. =zó#k.
The Pinakini Express arrived one hour
2. "Í°=ò last week exhibition KǶ‰§=ò.
late yesterday.
We saw the exhibition last week.
8. N Z<£.\÷. ~Œ=¶~Œ=ô 1983 …Õ `³•°Q®°
3. =¶ brother last month Delhi "³ˆìÁ_È°.
My brother went to Delhi last month.
^͉O× ‡•s“ U~Œæ@° K͉§~¡°.
Sri N.T.Rama Rao formed the Telugu
4. P"³° last year M.A. pass J~ò#k. Desam Party in 1983.
She passed M.A. last year.
9. N=°u WOk~Œ QêOn• 1984…Õ KÇx‡é
5. x#ß <³•¶Á~°¡ …Õ ƒ•ìsQê =~¡ÂO „¬_•#k. †Ç¶~¡°.
It rained heavily in Nellore yesterday. Smt. Indira Gandhi died in 1984.

6. "Œ~¡° lastmonth P W•°Á Mìm K͉§~¡°. 10. <Í#° x#ß =¶ friend H÷ help K͉§#°.
They vacated that house last month. I helped my friend yesterday.

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11. x#ß \ ÷ match …Õ Kumble 7 wickets EXERCISE


f‰§_È°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Kumble took 7 wickets in the match
yesterday. 1. <Í#° x#ß text books Hù<Œß#°.
12. N KÇ O ã ^ Î ƒ ì|° 1996…Õ =òY¼=°Oã u 2. "Í°=ò last Sunday picnic "³ˆì¤=ò.
J~ò<Œ~¡°. 3. =¶ father last month Nellore H÷ transfer
Sri Chandra Babu became the Chief- ‡ÚO^¥~¡°.
minister in 1996. 4. P"³° x#ß guests #° KŒ…ì ƒìQê =°~Œ¼^Î
13. =¶ father last year promotion ‡ÚO^¥~¡°. KÍ‹²Ok.
My father got a promotion last year. 5. "Œ~¡° last year D business start K͉§~¡°.
14. =¶ cousin last year Intermediate fail
6. <Í#° x#ß T.V. …Õ cricket match KǶ‰§#°.
J~ò#k.
My cousin failed in Intermediate last 7. "Í°=ò last Sunday English test KŒ…ì
year. ƒìQê ã"Œ‰§=ò.
15. H›…Hÿ ~“› Ÿ x#ß =¶ =°O_È•O…Õ „¬~¼¡ \÷OKŒ~¡°. 8. =òY¼=°Oã u x#ß =~¡ ^ Î ã ‡ •O`Œxß
The Collector toured in our Mandal ‹¬O^ÎiÅOKŒ~¡°.
yesterday. 9. J`Ç_È° last year B.A. „¬îië K͉§_È°.
16. "Í°=ò last Sunday =¶ cousin marriage 10. x#ß \ ÷ match …Õ ‹¬ z <£ >ÿ O _È ¶ •ø~Ÿ
H÷ attend J~ò<Œ=ò. Ì‹OKÇ°s K͉§_È°.
We attended our cousin's marriage last
Sunday.
11. =¶ grand father 1997 …Õ KÇx‡é†Ç¶~¡°.
17. <Í#° x#ß leave H÷ apply K͉§#°. 12. <Í#° ~Œãu XH› English novel KÇk"Œ#°.
I applied for leave yesterday. 13. "Í°=ò last time „¬sH›Æ•H÷ ƒìQê prepare
18. P"³° 1994…Õ S.S.C. „¬îië KÍ‹²#k. J~ò<Œ=ò.
She completed S.S.C. in 1994. 14. N Z<£.\÷. ~Œ=¶~Œ=ô 360 ‹²x=¶•…Õ
19. "Œ~¡° last month family <³•¶Á~¡°H÷ shift #\÷OKŒ~¡°.
KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°.
15. x#ß "Œ~¡° =¶ proposal u~¡‹¬øiOKŒ~¡°.
They shifted the family to Nellore last
month. 16. "Í°=ò last Sunday meeting cancel
20. x#ß Q®°O@¶~¡° ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ ~Ë_È°Û „
ã =
¬ ¶^ÎO…Õ 12 K͉§=ò.
=°Ok ㄬ†Ç¶}÷䛽•° KÇx‡é†Ç¶~¡°. 17. "Œ~¡° last month XH› new book publish
12 passengers died in the road K͉§~¡°.
accident near Guntur yesterday. Z
Work is Worship. 14
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NEGATIVE FORM
=°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ Hùxß „¬#°•° KÍ‹† ² ò
Ç O_È=ò. XHùøH›ø ª•i
W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬ô_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß friends x H›•°=…è^ΰ. J "Í°=ò last time [#àƒ•’¶q°…Õ ‡•…ç¾#…è^°Î .
J J`Ç_È° x#ß <Œä›½ books W=Þ…è^ΰ. J =¶ brother last time job H÷ ㄬ†Ç°`ÇßO K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß Qêx, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Did + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'did not + I form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß Hê…èlH÷ "³ˆ×¤…è^ΰ. 6. P"³° x#ß computer class H÷ ~Œ…è^ΰ.
I didnot go to college yesterday. She didnot come to the computer
class yesterday.
2. "Í°=ò last week English test "
ã Œ†Ç°…è^°Î .
We didnot write English test last week. 7. "Œ~¡° last year annual day [~¡°„¬…è^ΰ.
They didnot celebrate the annual day
3. "Í ° =ò last month mess bill pay last year.
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. 8. <Í#° x#ß P letter post K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
We didnot pay the mess bill last month.
I didnot post that letter yesterday.
4. =¶ brother last time EAMCET H÷ 9. "Í°=ò last Sunday special class H÷
appear J=Þ…è^ΰ. attend J=…è^ΰ.
My brother didnot appear for the We didnot attend the special class last
EAMCET last time. Sunday.

5. ~Œãu XOQË•°…Õ =~¡ÂO „¬_È…è^ΰ. 10. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Kumble P_È…è^ΰ.


It didnot rain in Ongole last night. Kumble didnot play in the match
yesterday.

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11. Q®`Ç ZxßH›•…Õ N "³OH›†Ç°¼<Œ†Çò_È° ‡é\© EXERCISE


K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu didnot contest in
the elections last time.
1. <Í#° last time J`Ç x letter H÷ reply
12. ‡é~ò# ª•i P"³° =°=òà•#° function W=Þ…è^ΰ.
H÷ invite K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
She didnot invite us to the function last 2. "Í°=ò last month rent pay K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
time. 3. =¶ English lecturer x#ß class
13. "Œ~¡° x#ß <Œä›½ P q+¬†Ç°O `³e†Ç° f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ.
„¬~¡KÇ…è^ΰ. 4. "Œ~¡° ‡é~ò# ‰×ÃãH›"Œ~¡O =¶ä›½ ‰×•=ô
They didnot inform me that matter
ㄬH›\÷OKÇ…è^ΰ.
yesterday.
14. =¶ manager last week <Œä›½ leave
5. <Í#° x#ß leave H÷ apply K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
grant K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. 6. x#ß meeting …Õ chief guest ‹¬ i Qê
Our manager didnot grant me leave =¶\ìÁ_È…è^ΰ.
last week.
7. P"³° x#ß =¶ WO\÷H÷ ~Œ…è^ΰ.
15. <Í#° x#ß J`Çx =¶@•° #=°à…è^ΰ.
I didnot believe his words yesterday.
8. <Í#° x#ß class …Õ notes ã"Œ†Ç°…è^ΰ.
16. =¶ father last month <Œä›½ money 9. "Œ~¡ ° last time =¶ä› ½ JH› ø _È =‹¬ u
„¬O„¬…è^ΰ. H›eæOKÇ…è^ΰ.
My father didnot send me money last 10. <Í#° x#ß •OKŸ f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ.
month.
11. =¶ brother last year college …Õ KÍ~…¡ ^
è °Î .
17. Last time "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ help K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
They didnot help us last time. 12. <Í#° x#ß news paper …Õ P ㄬH›@#
18. <Í # ° last time Maths H÷ coaching
KǶ_È…è^ΰ.
f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ. 13. =¶ Hindi teacher x#ß class …Õ papers
I didnot take coaching for Mathematics correct K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
last time.
14. <Í#° ~Œãu ~ö _•†³¶…Õ "Œ~¡•ë ° q#…è^°Î .
19. x#ß "Œ~¡° shop `³~¡°=…è^ΰ.
They didnot open the shop yesterday. 15. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß JH› ø _È work complete
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
20. <Í#° ~Œãu \©.q.…Õ #¶¼‹¹ KǶ_È…è^ΰ.
I didnot watch the news on T.V. last
night. Z
Necessity is the mother of invention. 16
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹#
² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J g°~¡° Q®`Ç <³• house rent pay KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ? J "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç <³• P W•°Á Mìm KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
J P"³° x#ß q°=òà•#° party H÷ invite J h=ô x#ß English class H÷ attend
KÍ‹²#^¥? J~ò<Œ"Œ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹#
² „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=°òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i †Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
" Did + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Did' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß P letter post KÍ ‹ ² < Œ"Œ? 6. "Œ~¡° last year family Hyderabad 䛽 shift
Did you post that letter yesterday? KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ ?
2. g°~¡ ° last Sunday cricket match Did they shift their family to Hyderabad
P_•<Œ~Œ? last year?
Did you play a cricket match last 7. x#ß match …Õ Laxman century
Sunday?
KÍ‹²<Œ_¨?
Did Laxman make a century in the
3. g° brother last month M.C.A. join
match yesterday ?
J~ò<Œ_¨ ?
8. Last Sunday g°~¡° E-TV …Õ special
Did your brother join M.C.A. last
programme KǶ‹²<Œ~Œ?
month?
Did you watch the special programme
4. English Madam x#ß class …Õ new on E-TV last Sunday ?
lesson teach KÍ‹²O^¥ ? 9. g°~¡° last week u~¡°=°• visit KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
Did the English Madam teach a new Did you visit Tirumala last week ?
lesson in the class yesterday ? 10. h=ô last week ‹
Ì q°<Œ~Ÿ …Õ ‡•…ç¾x<Œ"Œ?
5. x#ß ~Œãu WH›ø_È =~¡ÂO „¬_•#^¥? Did you participate in the seminar last
Did it rain here last night? week ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô WO@sà_•†³°\˜ ZH›ø_È KÇkq<Œ=ô ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Where did you study Intermediate ?
12. g°~¡° D business Z„¬C_È° ‡
ã •~¡Oa•Oz 1. h=ô x#ß new dress Hù<Œß"Œ ?
<Œ~¡° ?
When did you start this business ? 2. g°~¡° D letter x#ß receive KÍ‹°¬ 䛽<Œß~Œ?
13. h=ô x#ß marriage …Õ P"³ ° ä› ½ Uq°
present KÍ‹²<Œ=ô ? 3. g°~¡° last Sunday exhibition "³o¤<Œ~Œ?
What did you present her in the 4. g° brother last year P.G. „¬îië KÍ‹<
² Œ_¨?
marriage yesterday ?
14. g°~¡° sudden Qê P house ZO^ΰ䛽 Mìm 5. "Œ~¡ ° last month house rent pay
KÍ‹²<Œ~¡° ? KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
Why did you vacate that house
suddenly ?
6. g° father last month hä› ½ money

15. ~Œãu g°~¡° U movie KǶ‹²<Œ~¡° ? „¬O„²<Œ~Œ ?


Which movie did you see last night? 7. Last time g° friends h䛽 ƒìQê co-
16. x#ß match …Õ Agarkar Zxß wickets
operate KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ ?
f‹²<Œ_È°?
Howmany wickets did Agarkar take in 8. x#ß g°~¡° ZH›ø_•H÷ "³o¤<Œ~¡° ?
the match yesterday?
17. "Œ~¡ ° last year business …Õ ZO`Ç
9. Last time P"³° Uq° Hù#ßk ?
amount invest KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°? 10. h=ô last month P job H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 resign
Howmuch amount did they invest in
KÍ‹²<Œ=ô ?
the business last year?
18. x#ß „¬sH›Æ…Õ h=ô Zxß questions answer 11. g°~¡° x#ß exam. Z…ì ã"Œ‹²<Œ~¡° ?
KÍ‹²<Œ=ô?
Howmany questions did you answer
12. h=ô Hyderabad #°O_• Z„¬C_È°
in the examination yesterday? =zó<Œ=ô?
19. x#ß g°\÷OQ·ä›½ guest Qê g°~¡° Z=ix 13. J`Ç_È° x#ßh䛽 Uq° K³„²æ<Œ_È° ?
invite KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°?
Whom did you invite as the guest to 14. h䛽 D watch Z=~¡° present KÍ‹<
² Œ~¡°?
the meeting yesterday?
15. Ja•…ì+¬ #=• Z=~¡° "ã Œ‹²<Œ~¡° ?
20. WO`Ç z#ß =†Ç°‹¬°•…Õ<Í J`Ç_È° Bank
officer Z…ì J~ò<Œ_È°?
How did he become Bank officer at
such a young age?
Z
Speech is silver, Silence is gold. 18
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡
K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g° father last month h䛽 money „¬O„¬…è^¥ ? J g°~¡° last Sunday g° T~¡° "³ˆ×¤…è^¥ ?
J P"³° x#ß q°=òà•#° party H÷ invite K͆ǰ…è^¥? J h=ô x#ß J`Çxx H›•°=…è^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Didn't + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Didn't + I form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß h=ô college H÷ "³ˆ×¤…è^¥ ? 7. Lasttime P†Ç ° # ZxßH› • …Õ ‡é\©
Didn't you go to college yesterday ? K͆ǰ…è^¥?
2. Last Sunday g°~¡° T.V. …Õ programme Didn't he contest in the elections last
KǶ_È…è^¥ ? time ?
Didn't you watch the programme on 8. P"³ ° last year EAMCET H÷ appear
T.V. last Sunday ? Hê…è^¥ ?
3. Last time J`Ç_È° h䛽 help K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? Didn't she appear for the EAMCET last
Didn't he help you last time ? year ?
4. Last month g°~¡ ° house rent pay 9. "Œ~¡° last year Annual Day celebrate
K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
Didn't you pay house rent last month ? Didn't they celebrate the Annual Day
5. ~Œãu WH›ø_È =~¡ÂO „¬_È…è^¥ ? last year ?
Didn't it rain here last night ? 10. x#ß g°\÷OQ·…Õ g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°O discuss
6. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß hä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O inform K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? Didn't you discuss this matter in the
Didn't they inform you this matter meeting yesterday?
yesterday ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h=ô x#ß D q+¬ † Ç ° O <Œï H O^Î ° ä› ½ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
K³„¬æ…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you tell me this matter
yesterday ? 1. x#ß h=ô letter post K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
12. g°~¡° x#ß marriage H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
2. Last week g°~¡° test ã"Œ†Ç°…è^¥ ?
Hê…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you attend the marriage 3. P"³° x#ß doctor #° consult J=…è^¥ ?
yesterday ? 4. "Œ~¡ ° last time g°ä› ½ JH› ø _È =‹¬ u
13. J`Ç_È° last year college …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 H›eæOKÇ…è^¥?
join Hê…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't he join college last year ?
5. g°~¡° last time exams H÷ ‹¬iQê prepare
14. P"³ ° last week party H÷ q°=òà•#° Hê…è^¥ ?
ZO^ΰ䛽 invite K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 6. h=ô x#ß J`Çxx P q+¬†Ç°O J_ÈQ®…è^¥?
Why didn't she invite you to the party
7. g°~¡ ° last Sunday English movie
last week ?
KǶ_È…è^¥ ?
15. "Œ~¡° last time WH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽 stay
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 8. h=ô x#ß bank #°O_• money withdraw
Why didn't they stay here last time ? K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
16. h=ô x#ß computer class H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 9. h=ô x#ß =¶ WO\÷H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ ?
~Œ…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you come to the computer
10. J`Ç_È° last month exam fee ZO^ΰ䛽
class yesterday ? pay K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
17. g°~¡ ° =òO^Î ° Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½ J#°=°u 11. P"³ ° last time birthday ZO^Î ° ä› ½
f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ ? celebrate KÍ‹¬°HË…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you take permission earlier?
18. h=ô school days …Õ grammar ZO^ΰ䛽
12. x#ß festival H÷ h=ô new dress ZO^ΰ䛽
<Í~¡°óHË…è^ΰ ? Hù#…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you learn grammar in your 13. Last time Congress Party P†Ç°#䛽
school days ? seat ZO^ΰ䛽 W=Þ…è^ΰ ?
19. h=ô D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ J`Ç x ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O 14. h=ô P q+¬†Ç°O…Õ g° parents advice
ZO^ΰ䛽 HË~¡…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't you seek his help in this
ZO^ΰ䛽 follow J=…è^ΰ ?
matter ? 15. Last time ㄬ[•° B.J.P. H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 F@°Á
20. x#ß match …Õ Sachin ZO^ΰ䛽 P_È…è^ΰ? "͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
Why didn't Sachin play in the match
yesterday ? Z
Man is made by his belief. 20
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'II form of the Verb' Q®°iOz
<Í ~ ¡ ° ó ä › ½ <Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Simple Past Tense JO\ì~¡ ° . nx…Õ
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#°
4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° „¬îiëKÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
'II form of the Verb' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. I bought text books yesterday. 2. We celebrated Sankranthi last week.


3. They helped me last time. 3. She passed S.S.C. in 2002.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"did not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. I did not meet my friend yesterday. 2. We did not seek his help last time.
3. It didnot rain here last night. 4. He did not come to office last Monday.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Did + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. Did you write the test well yesterday? 2. Did he draw the salary last week?
3. Did they vacate the house last month ? 4. Did she join college last year?

4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :


Q®`ÇO…Õ K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Didn't + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. Didn't you go to library yesterday ?


2. Didn't he take coaching last time ?
3. Didn't they open the shop yesterday ?
4. Did n't she come to your house yesterday?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

21 Fly flew flown ZQ®°~¡°@


22. Forget forgot forgoten =°~¡z‡é=ô@
23. Forgive forgave forgiven H›Æq°OKÇ°@
24. Freeze froze frozen Q®_ÈÛH›@°“@
25. Get got got ‡ÚO^ΰ@
26. Give gave given WKÇ°ó@
27. Go went gone "³ˆ×ä@
28. Grow grew grown Ì„~¡Q®°@
29. Hang hung hung ã"Í…ì_Èn†Çò@
Hang hanged hanged Liãf†Çò@
30. Hear heard heard q#°@
31. Hide hid hidden ^¥z=ôOKÇ°@
32. Hold held held „¬@°“Hù#°@
33. Keep kept kept LOKÇ°@
34. Know knew known `³•°‹¬°Hù#°@
35. Learn learnt learnt <Í~¡°óHù#°@
36. Leave left left =^Îe"͆Çò@
37. Lend lent lent J„¬CQê WKÇ°ó@
38. Light lit lit "³eyOKÇ°@
39. Lose lost lost ‡éQù@°“Hù#°@
40. Make made made `džǶ~¡°K͆Çò@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.
Z
22 The action of today becomes the destiny of tomorrow.
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FUTURE ACTION
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬x „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ [~¡°Q®°@ …è^°Î . ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò
#O^ΰ [~¡°Q®°#°.
J "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ D q+¬†Ç°O discuss J ö~„¬ô Degree students classes boycott
Kͪ•ë~°¡ . Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
J `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO ordinance pass KÍ‹¬°ëOk. J <Í#° ö~„¬ô =¶ friends `Ë picnic "³ˆ×`Œ#°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° "Will + I form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô <³•¶Á~¡° "³ˆ×`Œ#°. 7. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô h䛽 D q+¬†°Ç O inform Kͪ•ë#°.
I will go to Nellore tomorrow. I will inform you this matter tomorrow.
2. "Í°=ò next Sunday g°\÷OQ· U~Œæ@° 8. "Í°=ò =KÍó <³• new house …ÕH÷ shift
Kͪ•ë=ò. J=ô`Œ=ò.
We will arrange a meeting next We will shift to the new house next
Sunday. month.
3. =¶ brother next month car HùO\ì_È°. 9. J`Ç_È° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ promotion ‡ÚO^ΰ`Œ_È°.
My brother will buy a car next month. He will get a promotion soon.
4. P"³° D proposal `Ç„¬æH› X„¬C䛽O@°Ok. 10. =¶ sister ö ~ „¬ ô interview H÷ attend
She will accept to this proposal. J=ô`Œ~¡°.
5. "Œ~¡ ° =°#ä› ½ JH› ø _È Jxß =‹¬ ` Ç ° •° My sister will attend the interview
H›e檕ë~°¡ . tomorrow.
They will provide us all the facilities 11. "Œ~¡° =KÍó <³• XOQË•°…Õ branch open
there. Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
6. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P W•°Á Mìm Kͪ•ë~¡°. They will open a branch in Ongole next
They will vacate that house soon. month.

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12. <Í#° ö~„¬ô telephone bill pay Kͪ•ë#°. EXERCISE


I will pay the telephone bill tomorrow. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
13. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô …Õ J`ÇxH÷ XH›
marriage
watch present Kͪ•ë=ò. 1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô =¶ native place H÷ "³ˆìë#°.
We will present him a watch in the 2. "Í°=ò next Sunday sea-shore H÷
marriage tomorrow. "³ˆ×`Œ=ò.
14. Finance Minister =KÍó 28# ‡•~¡"
Á °³ O\˜…Õ 3. =¶ brother next month M.B.A. entrance
budget ㄬ"͉×Ì„_È`Œ~¡°. test H÷ appear J=ô`Œ_È°.
The Finance Minister will present the 4. P"³° Dª•i „¬OKŒ~òf ZxßH•› …Õ ‡é\©
Budget in the Parliament next 28th. KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
15. <ŒQê~¡°#
û †Çüx=i•\© ªé=°"Œ~¡O _•ãw 5. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ business start
„¦¬e`Œ•° ㄬH›\÷‹¬°ëOk. Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
Nagarjuna University will announce 6. "Í°=ò next year D town …Õ house
the degree results next Monday. HùO\ì=ò.
16. =¶ uncle Dª•i =òx•„¬…˜ ZxßH•› …Õ 7. <Í#° next year transfer H÷ try Kͪ•ë#°.
‡é\©KªÍ •ë~°¡ . 8. =¶ father <Œä›½ =KÍó "Œ~¡O money
My uncle will contest in the Municipal „¬O„¬ô`Œ~¡°.
elections this time.
9. =°# =òY¼=°Oãu ~ö „¬ô _••bÁ…Õ „ã ^¬ •¥xx
17. =¶ sister next July …Õ B.Sc. join H›•°ª•ë~°¡ .
J=ô`Ç°Ok. 10. "Œ~¡° =KÍó <³• XOQË•°…Õ XH› new
My sister will join B.Sc. next July. showroom open Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
18. =¶ lecturers =¶ „¬sH›Æ• `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç tour 11. Ì+Hê=`Ÿ WO_•†Ç¶H÷ next president
x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~°¡ . J=ô`Œ~¡°.
Our lecturers will organize a tour after 12. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô g°ä› ½ =¶ x~¡ â † Ç ° O
our examinations. `³e†Ç°*誕ëO.
19. <Í#° ö~„¬ô h䛽 <Œ note book Wª•ë#°. 13. „
ã ^¬ •¥x ~ö „¬ô =°# ~ŒRO…Õ „¬~¼¡ \÷ª•ë~°¡ .
I will give you my note book tomorrow.
14. Intermediate Board D ª•i „¬sH›Æ•°
20. Indian Cricket Board Dª•i Dravid x strict Qê x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëOk.
Captain KÍ‹¬°ëOk. 15. =¶ uncle `ÇÞ~¡…Õ U.S.A. "³ˆ×`Œ~¡°.
The I.C.B. will make Rahul Dravid
captain this time. Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô college H÷ "³ˆ×¤#°. J P"³° D ª•i birthday celebrate KÍ‹¬°HË^ΰ.

J "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 next time help K͆ǰ~¡°.J =¶ brother Dª•i bank test H÷ appear J=_È°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will not + I form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô duty H÷ attend J=#°. 7. "Í°=ò D ‡Ú~¡‡•@° =°~¡• K͆ǰ=ò.
I will not attend the duty tommorow. We will not commit this mistake again.

2. "Í ° =ò D town …Õ settle J==ò. 8. P"³° D proposal X„¬CHË^ΰ.


We will not settle down in this town. She will not accept to this proposal.

3. =¶ brother next week Ongole ~Œ_È°. 9. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô meeting …Õ D q+¬†Ç°O


My brother will not come to Ongole discuss K͆ǰ~¡°.
next week. They will not discuss this matter in
the meeting tommrow.
4. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hê…èl…Õ join J=^ΰ.
She will not join college this year. 10. <Í#° J`Çx q+¬†Ç°O *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË#°.
I will not interefere in his matter.
5. "Œ~¡° next time =°#䛽 help K͆ǰ~¡°.
They will not help us next time. 11. "Í°=ò D ª•i P hotel …Õ stay K͆°Ç =ò.
We will not stay in that hotel next time.
6. ö~„¬ô match …Õ Lakshman P_È_È°.
Lakshman will not play in the match 12. <Í#° D ª•i J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡#°.
tommrow. I will not seek his help next time.

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13. P"³° next year studies continue K͆°Ç ^ΰ. EXERCISE


She will not continue her studies next D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
year.

14. "Í°=ò next time J`Çx„Ì á P^•¥~¡„_


¬ =
È ò. 1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›•°=#°.
we will not depend on him next time. 2. "Í°=ò next Sunday =¶ T~¡° "³ˆ×¤=ò.
3. =¶ uncle D ª•i Zxß H › • …Õ ‡é\©
15. "Œ~¡° D ª•i annual day celebrate K͆ǰ~¡°.
K͆ǰ~¡°.
They will not celebrate the annual day
4. P"³° ö~„¬ô =°#`Ë picnic H÷ ~Œ^ΰ.
this time. 5. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 JH›ø_È =‹¬u H›eæOKÇ~¡°.
6. S.V. University next academic year …Õ
16. Next time ZxßH•
› …Õ TDP, BJP H÷ support entrance tests x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ^ΰ.
K͆ǰ^ΰ.
The TDP will not support the BJP in
7. <Í#° D ª•i coaching f‹¬°HË#°.
the next elections. 8. "Í°=ò next month classes H÷ attend
J==ò.
17. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô =°#•#° JH› ø _È receive 9. Next summer …Õ "Í°=ò holidays waste
KÍ‹¬°HË~¡°. K͆ǰ=ò.
They will not receive us there
tomorrow.
10. =¶ brother WH› P club Hê~¡¼ãH›=¶•…Õ
‡•…ç¾#_È°.
18. P"³° ö~„¬ô party H÷ "Œix invite K͆ǰ^ΰ. 11. [†Ç°ã„¬^Î WH› ‹²x=¶•…Õ #\÷OKÇ^ΰ.
She willnot invite them to the party 12. ‹¬ z <£ >ÿ O _È ¶ •ø~Ÿ WH› captaincy
tomorrow. JOwH›iOKÇ_È°.
19. <Í#° next time work neglectK͆ǰ#°.
13. "Œ~¡ ° WH› =°#ä› ½ material supply
I will not neglect the work next time.
K͆ǰ~¡°.
14. "Í ° =ò next time J=Hê‰× = ò miss
20. University Dª•i exams postpone KÍ‹¬°HË=ò.
K͆ǰ^ΰ. 15. `³•°Q®° ‹²x=¶ Ja•=¶#°•° NTR #°
The university will not postpone the =°~¡z‡é~¡°.
examinations this time.

Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’=+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ö~„¬ô English class H÷ attend J=ô`Œ"Œ? J g° brother `ÇÞ~¡…Õ USA "³ˆ×`Œ_¨?
J g°~¡° next week g° native place H÷ "³ˆ×`Œ~Œ? J P"³° next month Ongole 䛽 =‹¬°Oë ^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰƒÕ=ô „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Shall / Will + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, we - subject Qê =ô#ß„¬C_È° 'shall'
You, He, She It, They - subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'will' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ g° WO\÷H÷ =KÍó^¥? 6. g° brother next year Branch Manager
Shall I come to your house tomorrow J=ô`Œ_¨ ?
evening? Will your brother become the Branch
2. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô Bank Manager #° consult Manager next year ?
J=ô^¥=¶? 7. P"³° D proposal X„¬C䛽O@°O^¥ ?
Shall we consult the Bank Manager Will she accept to this proposal ?
tomorrow? 8. "Œ~¡° ~ö „¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ D q+¬†°Ç O discuss
3. <Í # ° =°#ä› ½ lunch order KÍ À ‹ ^¥ ? Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
Shall I order lunch for us ? Will they discuss this matter in the
4. =°#=ò next month L.I.C. test ä› ½ meeting tomorrow ?
appear J=ô^¥=¶ ? 9. ö~„¬ô =òY¼=°Oãu =°# l…ìÁ visit Kͪ•ë~Œ?
Shall we appear for the L.I.C. test next Will the Chief-minister visit our district
month ? tomorrow ?
5. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô H›…ÿH›“~¡°ä›½ D report submit 10. =KÍó "Œ~¡O †Çüx=i•\© P.G. „¦¬e`Œ•°
Kͪ•ë~Œ ? ㄬH›\÷‹¬°ëO^¥ ?
Will you submit this report to the Will the university announce the P.G.
Collector tomorrow ? results next week ?

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11. <Í#° ö~„¬ô hHË‹¬O ZH›ø_È wait KÍÀ‹k? EXERCISE


Where shall I wait for you tomorrow?
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. =°#=ò `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç U course join
J=ô^¥=ò? 1. <Í#° 䛕_¨ ö~„¬ô h`Ë <³•¶Á~¡°H÷ =KÍó^¥?
Which course shall we join next?
2. =°#=ò D q+¬†Ç°O "ŒiH›÷ =òO^ΰQê
13. <Í#° h䛽 K³<³ßå #°Oz Uq° `³KÍók?
inform KÍ^¥í=¶?
What shall I bring for you from
Chennai ? 3. g°~¡° D town …Õ<Í settle J=ô`Œ~Œ?
14. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô guests 䛽 =‹¬u ZH›ø_È 4. WO@sà_•†Ç°\˜ ƒÕ~¡°Û D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ‹²•|‹¹
provide KÍ^¥í=ò? =¶~¡°æ KÍ‹¬°ëO^¥?
Where shall we provide the 5. P"³° =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O P school H÷ Head-
accommodation for the guests
mistress J=ô`Œ~Œ?
tomorrow?
15. h=ô =°~¡… g° Ti #°O_• Z„¬C_È° uiy 6. _•ãw q^¥¼~¡°•œ ° ~ö „¬ô strike …Õ ‡•…ç¾O\ì~Œ?
=ª•ë=ô? 7. _•ãw `Ç~ŒÞ`Ç h=ô studies discontinue
when will you return from your village? Kͪ•ë"Œ?
16. ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_È ‹
Ì q°<Œ~Ÿ Z=~¡° x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~°¡ ? 8. ‹Ôx†Ç°~Ÿ WO@~Ÿ q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O
Who will organize the seminar there farewell party celebrate Kͪ•ë~Œ?
tomorrow?
9. g° parents U.S.A. #°O_• Z„¬C_È° uiy
17. =°# ãH÷ïH\˜ team H÷ next captain Z=~¡° =ª•ë~°¡ ?
J=ô`Œ~¡° ?
Who will become the next captain of 10. h=ô Hyderabad …Õ Zxß~ËA•° LO\ì=ô?
our cricket team? 11. =°#•#° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È Z=~¡° receive
18. ö~„¬ô WO@~¡¶Þ¼H÷ ZO`Ç=°Ok Jƒ•’¼~¡°Ö•° KÍ‹¬°ä›½O\ì~¡°?
‚¬ð[~¡° J=ô`Œ~¡°? 12. "Œ~¡° ~ö „¬ô ƒì¼OH±…Õ ZO`Ç amount deposit
Howmany candidates will attend the Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
interview tomorrow?
13. h=ô D H›O„¬î¼@~Ÿ HË~¡°• Z„¬C_È° „¬îië
19. g°~¡° Dª•i "Í‹¬q Ì‹•=ô•° ZH›ø_È
Q®_È°„¬ô`Œ~¡°? Kͪ•ë=ô?
Where will you spend your summer 14. ZxßH•› `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç U ‡•s“ „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß U~Œæ@°
holidays this time? KÍ‹¬°ëOk?
20. "Œ~¡° new house …ÕH÷ Z„¬C_È° shift 15. h=ô WO@~Ÿ…Õ U ãQ®¶„¹ f‹¬°ä›½O\ì=ô?
J=ô`Œ~¡°?
When will they shift to the new house?
Z
If wealth is lost, nothing is lost.... 28
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J ö~„¬ô =°#=ò "Œix H›•°==^¥í ? J h=ô ö~„¬ô computer class H÷ ~Œ"Œ ?


J J`Ç_È° =KÍó "Œ~¡O duty H÷ attend J=_¨ ? J P"³° WH› college …Õ KÇ^Î=^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó <³•,
=KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shalln't / willn't (won't) + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Shalln't'
You, He, She, It, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Won't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô WH›ø䛽 ~Œ=^¥í ? 6. P"³° D proposal X„¬CHù#^¥ ?
Shalln't I come here tomorrow ? Won't she accept to this proposal ?

2. =°#=ò next Sunday P programme …Õ 7. "Œ~¡° D town …Õ settle J=~Œ ?


participate K͆ǰ=^¥ í ? Won't they settle down in this town?
Shalln't we participate in that 8. g°~¡° ö~„¬\÷ =~¡ä›½ JH›ø_È wait K͆ǰ~Œ ?
programme next Sunday? Won't you wait there till tomorrow ?
3. h=ô ö~„¬ô office H÷ "³ˆ×¤"Œ ? 9. P"³ ° next year D college …Õ
Won't you go to office tomorrow? „¬xK͆ǰ^¥?
4. J`Ç_È° D course join J=_¨ ? Won't she work in this college next
Won't he join this course ? year?

5. h=ô Dª•i entrance test H÷ apply 10. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô =°#•#° JH› ø _È receive
K͆ǰ"Œ ? KÍ‹¬°HË~Œ?
Won't you apply for the entrance test Won't they receive us there tomorrow?
this time ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô ö~„¬ô =¶`Ë picnic H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why won't you come on picnic with us
tomorrow ?
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›•°==^¥í ?
12. g°~¡° next week =~¡ä›½ WH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽
LO_È~¡° ? 2. =°#=ò ~ö „¬ô P function H÷ attend Hê=^¥í?
Why won't you stay here till next week?
3. g°~¡° next Sunday Ongole H÷ ~Œ~Œ ?
13. J`Ç _ È ° hä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ_È° ? 4. h=ô next May …Õ entrance test H÷ appear
Why won't he co-operate with you in J="Π?
this matter ?
5. P"³° D ª•i function H÷ =°#•#° invite
14. P"³° D medicines ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°Hù#^ΰ? K͆ǰ^¥ ?
Why won't she take these medicines?
15. "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 support K͆ǰ~¡°? 6. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô bill pay K͆ǰ_¨ ?
Why won't they support us ?
7. "Œ~¡° D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ =°#H÷ ‹¬‚ì¬ H›iOKÇ~Œ?
16. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 P „¬xK͆ǰ=ô ?
Why won't you do that work ? 8. h=ô ö~„¬ô ZxßH›•…Õ vote "͆ǰ"Œ ?
17. "Œ~¡° J`ÇxÌ„á ZO^ΰ䛽 KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°Hù#~¡°? 9. h=ô ö~„¬ô office H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ×¤=ô ?
Why won't they take action against
him?
10. g°~¡ ° next week meeting ZO^Î ° ä› ½
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~¡° ?
18. h=ô next March exams H÷ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
appear J==ô ? 11. P†Ç°# D ª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡é\©
Why won't you appear for the exams K͆ǰ~¡° ?
next March ?
12. P"³° D ª•i birthday ZO^ΰ䛽 celebrate
19. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô meeting H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
KÍ‹¬°HË^ΰ ?
J=_È° ?
Why won't he attend the meeting 13. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#•#° ZO^ΰ䛽 cousult
tomorrow ? J=~¡°?
20. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O tour ZO^ΰ䛽 organize 14. g°~¡° ~ö „¬ô seminar …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡•…ç¾#~¡°?
K͆ǰ~¡° ?
Why won't they organize a tour this 15. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô =°#`Ë TiH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ_È°?
year?

Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Future form ' (Will + I form of the
verb) Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Simple Future Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1.
Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.

1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 ''Will +
I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1.I will buy a camera tomorrow. 2. We will visit Hyd. next month.
3.They will finish this work next week. 4. He will join M.C.A. next June.

2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1.I will not help you in this matter. 2. We will not delay the work tomorrow.
3.They will not settle down in this town. 4. He will not stay here tomorrow.

3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall/Will + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shall I bring you the text books ? 2. Will you join M.C.A. next year ?
3. Will they help you there tomorrow? 4. Shall we visit Mysore next month ?

4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :


ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense
…Õ ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#° ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "Shalln't / Won't + I form of the Verb"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1.Won't you stay here tomorrow ? 2. Won't he come here next week?
3.Won't they pay the bill next month? 4. Shalln't I wait for you tomorrow ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

41. Pay paid paid K³eÁOKÇ°@


42. Prove proved proved x~¡¶„²OKÇ°@
43. Read read read KÇ^ΰ=ô@
44. Ride rode ridden ª•ÞsK͆ò Ç @
45. Ring rang rung ã"³¶yOKÇ°@
46. Rise rose risen L^Î~òOKÇ°@
47. Run ran run „¬~¡°ïQ`Ç°ë@
48. Say said said K³„¬C@
49. See saw seen KǶKǰ@
50. Seek sought sought HË~¡°Hù#°@
51. Sell sold sold J=òà@
52. Send sent sent „¬O„¬ô@
53. Shake shook shaken H›keOKÇ°@
54. Shine shone shun ㄬHêtOKÇ°@
55. Shoot shot shot Hê•°ó@
56. Sing sang sung ‡•_È°@
57. Sink sank sunk =ò#°Q®°@
58. Sit sat sat 䛕~ùó#°@
59. Sleep slept slept xãkOKÇ°@
60. Smell smelt smelt "Œ‹¬#KǶKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
32 If character is lost, everything is lost.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
=°#O Hùxß „¬#°•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ continuous Qê
K͆ÇòKǶO^ΰ=ò. P „¬#°•° ㄬ‹¬°`ÇëO [~¡°Q®° KǶ#ßq. =°#=ò W„¬C_È° continuous Qê
KÍ‹¬¶ë=ô#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° W„¬C_È° type-writing <Í~¡°ó䛽O@°<Œß#°. J "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ LO@°<Œß=ò.
J =¶ lecturers D <³• lessons revise KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°. J J`Ç_È° W„¬C_ùH› H›^ŠÎ ã"Œ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•x߆Çò XH›~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë#ß „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê D ~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O,
W„¬C_È°, ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë=ô#ß XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : Am, Is, Are J#° D =ü_•O\÷x Present 'Be' forms JO^ΰ~¡°.
"ŒH›¼=ò…Õ Subject – > 'I' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'am + 'ing' form'
He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'is + 'ing' form'
We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'are +'ing'' form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ B.L. K͆Çò 6. D ~ËA trains Jhß P•‹¬ ¼ OQê #_È °
KÇ°<Œß#°. ‹¬°ë<Œß~ò.
I am doing B.L. in Nellore at present. All the trains are running late today.
2. "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Bank colony …Õ x=t‹¬°ë 7. =¶ English lecturer D "Œ~¡O =¶ä›½
<Œß=ò. grammar teach KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
We are living at Bank colony at Our English lecturer is teaching us
present. grammar this week.
3. =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O competitive 8. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ friend room …Õ stay
exams H÷ prepare JQ® ° KÇ ° <Œß_È ° . KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
My brother is preparing for the I am staying in my friend's room at
competitive exams this year. present.
4. P"³° W„¬C_È° guests •ä›½ =°~Œ¼^Î KÍ‹°¬ #
ë ßk. 9. =¶ Ì„^Îí#߆ǰ¼ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO business KǶ‹¬°
She is treating the guests now. 䛽O@°<Œß~¡°.
5. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO "Œ~¡° P WO\÷H÷ ~¡¶. 2000 J^³í My elder brother is looking after
K³eÁ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°. business at present.
They are paying a rent of Rs. 2000 for 10. D ~ËA WH›ø_È ƒ•ìs =~¡ÂO „¬_°È KÇ°#ßk.
that house at present. It is raining here heavily today.

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11. "Í°=ò D ~ËA q[†Ç°"Œ_È "³ˆ×Ãë<Œß=ò. EXERCISE


We are going to Vijayawada today. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. P"³° =°…èi†Ç¶`Ë ƒì^•Î„¬_È°KÇ°#ßk.
She is suffering from malaria.
13. "Í°=ò D summer …Õ =¶ Hê•h …Õ 1. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO govt. job HË‹¬O try
water problem face KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
We are facing water problem in our 2. "Í°=ò D ~ËA =¶ class farewell party
colony at present. [~¡°„¬ô䛽O@°<Œß=ò.
14. <ŒQê~¡°û# ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH› ‚²ìOn ‹²x=¶…Õ 3. =¶ parents ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ village …Õ
#\÷‹¬°ë<Œß_È°. LO@°<Œß~¡°.
Nagarjuna is acting in a Hindi movie 4. N KÇ O ã ^ Î ƒ ì|° D ~ËA H› $ ‘•â l …ìÁ … Õ
at present. „¬~¡¼\÷‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
15. ~Œ‚¬•…˜ ^
ã ¥q_£ „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ÇOë =°# cricket team 5. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È XH› shopping
x lead KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°. complex xià‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
Rahul Dravid is leading our cricket 6. <Í#° W„¬C_È° XH› private company …Õ job
team at present. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
16. "Í°=ò D Ì‹•=ô•…Õ English <Í~¡°ó䛽O@° 7. "Í ° =ò D ~ËA g°\÷ O Q· H ÷ U~Œæ@°Á
<Œß=ò. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò.
We are learning English in these 8. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O J`Ç _ È ° =¶ä› ½ ƒìQê
holidays. ‹¬‚¬ìH›i‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
17. =¶ Hê…èl students D ª•i [#àƒ•’¶q° 9. P"³° W„¬C_È° guest •ä›½ lunch `džǶ~¡°
programme …Õ ‡•…ç¾O@°<Œß~°¡ . KÍ‹¬°ë#ßk.
Our college students are participating
10. "Í°=ò D ~ËA T.V. …Õ match KǶ‹¬°ë
in the Janmabhoomi programme this
<Œß=ò.
time.
11. =¶ uncle ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ##°ß KÇkq‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
18. =¶ sister ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Hyd. …Õ training
‡ÚO^ΰKÇ°#ßk. 12. "Í°=ò D "Œ~¡O pending files clear
My sister is undergoing training in
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò.
Hyderabad now. 13. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P shop …Õ 15 =°Ok „¬x
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
19. J`Ç_°È „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH› private school …Õ „¬x
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°. 14. J`Ç _ È ° W„¬ C _È ° wedding cards print
He is working in a private school now. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
20. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ä›½ material supply
15. =¶ grandfather ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO „¬îië rest
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°. f‹¬°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
They are supplying us material now. Z
Empty vessels make much noise. 34
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° W„¬C_È° L^˼Q®O K͆Çò@…è^ΰ. J "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XOQË•°…Õ x=tOKÇ°@…è^ΰ.
J D ~ËA R.T.C. |‹¬°••° #_È=@O …è^°Î . J "Œ~¡° „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Hê…èl…Õ HêÁ‹°¬ •ä›½ ‚¬ð[~¡=@O …è^°Î .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=°òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê W„¬C_È°, „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ , D ~ËA,
D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=°ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am / Is / Are + not + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am not',
He, She , It - subject Qê L#愬C_È° 'is not'
We, You, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are not' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° D ~ËA HêÁ‹¬°ä›½ ~Œ=_ÈO…è^ΰ. 7. ‹¬z<£ >ÿO_ȶ•ø~Ÿ D series …Õ ƒìQê
I am not coming to the class today. P_È@O…è^ΰ.
Sachin Tendulkar is not playing well
2. "Í°=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P "Œ¼‡•~¡O K͆°Ç @O …è^°Î .
in this series.
We are not doing that business at
present. 8. =¶ English Madam D "Œ~¡O classes
3. J`Ç_È° W„¬C_È° =¶`Ë LO_È@O…è^ΰ. f‹¬°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
Our English Madam is not taking
He is not staying with us now.
classes this week.
4. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hê…èr…Õ KÇ^=
Î _ÈO…è^°Î .
She is not studying in college this
9. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO WH›ø_È U ‹¬=°‹¬¼ Z^ΰ~ùø
year.
#°@…è^ΰ.
They are not facing any problem here
5. D ~ËA WH› ø _È =~¡  O „¬ _ È @ O…è ^ Î ° . now.
It is not raining here now.
10. <Í # ° D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O PHê…è r …Õ
6. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ä›½ ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ@O …è^ΰ. „¬xK͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
They are not co-operating with us at I am not working in that college this
present. year.

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11. "Í°=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P WO\ÕÁ x=tOKÇ@O…è^°Î . EXERCISE
We are not living in that house at
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
present.
12. =¶ father ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P old scooter
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 1. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P room …Õ stay K͆ǰ_ÈO
My father is not using that old vehicle
…è^ΰ.
at present. 2. "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° D books follow J=_ÈO
…è^ΰ.
13. ~Ë*ì W„¬C_È° ‹²x=¶•…Õ #\÷OKÇ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
3. J`Ç_È° W„¬C_È° D course K͆Çò@ …è^ΰ.
Roja is not acting in movies now.
4. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =¶ school …Õ
14. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P club …Õ programmes „¬xK͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ.
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° W„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ@O
They are not conducting programmes
…è^ΰ.
in that club now.
6. D ïH"Í°~Œ ‹¬iQê „¬xK͆ǰ@O …è^ΰ.
15. P`Ç_È° W„¬C_È° WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=@O…è^ΰ. 7. "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D WO\÷H÷ rent pay
He is not coming here now. K͆ǰ_ÈO …è^ΰ.
16. P"³° W„¬C_È° studies continue K͆ǰ_ÈO 8. P"³° D ª•i „¬sH›•Æ 䛽 ‹¬iQê prepare
…è^ΰ. J=@O…è^ΰ.
She is not continuing her studies now. 9. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO books publish K͆ǰ_ÈO
17. "Œ~¡ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P game practise …è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 10. <Í#° W„¬C_È° U job H© try K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
They are not practising that game at 11. "Í°=ò D ~ËA „¬O_ÈQ® [~¡°„¬ôHË=@O
present. …è^ΰ.
18. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D =°O^ΰ•° f‹¬°HË=_ÈO 12. "Œ~¡ ° business …Õ ‹¬ i Qê accounts
…è^ΰ. maintain K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
I am not taking these medicines now. 13. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O college …Õ donations
19. =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies Ì„á =‹¬¶•° K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
‹¬iQê ã‰×^ÎíKǶ„¬_ÈO…è^ΰ. 14. <Í#° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO non-veg. food f‹¬°HË=@O
My brother is not concentrating on his …è^ΰ.
studies this year. 15. <Í#° W„¬C_È° "Œi q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O
20. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ä›½ material supply
KÍ‹¬°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
They are not supplying us the material
at present. Z
Failures are the stepping stones of success. 36
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ë#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°
KÇ°O^ΰ=ò
J h=ô W„¬C_È° …ÿáã|sH÷ "³ˆ×äKÇ°<Œß"Œ? J g°~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ LO@°<Œß~Œ?
J g° brother W„¬C_È° M.C.A. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_¨? J P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ‚¬ð‹¬…“ …˜ Õ LO@°#ß^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê D ~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, W„¬C_È° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ë#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am',
He, She, It - subject Qê L#愬C_È° 'is'
We, You, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° W„¬C_È° x#°ß disturb KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß<Œ? 7. [#‰×`Œaí ZH±•ãÌ„‹¹ D ~ËA P•‹¬¼OQê
Am I disturbing you now ? #_È°‹¬°ë#ß^¥?
2. "Í°=ò W„¬C_È°time waste KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=¶? Is the Janasatabdi Express running
Are we wasting time now? late today?
3. g°~¡ ° W„¬ C _È ° results HË‹¬ O Z^Î ° ~¡ ° 8. "Œ~¡° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Group - I „¬sH›•Æ 䛽 prepare
KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ? JQ®°KÇ°<Œß~Œ ?
Are you waiting for the results now? Are they preparing for the Group - I
4. g° father WOHê P company …Õ „¬x examination at present?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ? 9. h=ô ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO English Ì„á concentrate
Is your father still working in that KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß"Œ?
company ?
Are you concentrating on English
5. g° sister D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O M. Phil. now?
KÍ‹¬°ë#ß^¥?
Is your sister doing M.Phil. this year?
10. J`Ç_È° W„¬C_È° EAMCET H÷ coaching
f‹¬°ä›½O@°<Œß_¨ ?
6. g°~¡° D ~ËA LQêk „¬O_È°Q® [~¡°„¬ô Is he taking coaching for the EAMCET
䛽O@°<Œß~Œ? now ?
Are you celebrating Ugadi today?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. W„¬C_È° h=ô WO\÷^ÎQ®¾~¡ Uq°KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
What are you doing at home now?
12. g° brother Z…ì KÇ ^ Î ° =ôKÇ ° <Œß _ È ° ? 1. h=ô D ~ËA [Þ~¡O`Ë ƒì^•Î„_ ¬ °È KÇ°<Œß"Œ?
How is your brother studying ?
2. g°~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Ì‹•=ô•° enjoy KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ?
13. h=ô W„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 WH›ø_È x•|_•
=ô<Œß=ô? 3. g° À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°_È° WH›ø_È …ì†Ç°~ŸQê practise
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_¨?
Why are you standing here now ?
14. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°# ãH÷ïH\˜ \©"£°#° Z=~¡° lead
4. <ŒQê~¡°û# W„¬C_È° ‚²ìOn films …Õ act
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_¨?
Who is leading our cricket team at 5. g° mother W„¬C_È° guests #° treat
present ? KÍ‹¬°ë#ß^¥?
15. "Œ~¡ ° function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á ZH› ø _È 6. "Œ~¡° W„¬C_È° WH›ø_È U^³á<Œ problem face
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ?
Where are they making arrangements
for the function ? 7. D "Œ~¡ O "Œ~¡ ° pending files clear
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ?
16. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D course H÷ ZO`Ç = °Ok
students attend J=ô`Ç°<Œß~¡°? 8. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g° parents ZH›ø_È =ôO@°<Œß~¡°?
Howmany students are attending this 9. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g°ä›½ material Z=~¡° supply
course at present ? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°?
17. g°~¡° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH› <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç ‚¬ð‹¬…“ ˜ „¦A
Ô 10. "Œ~¡ ° W„¬ C _È ° ZO^Î ° ä› ½ `Ç Q ® = ô…ì_È °
=‹¬¶•° KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°? 䛽O@°<Œß~¡°?
Howmuch fee are you collecting for
hostel per month at present ? 11. h=ô Chemistry H÷ U book refer
18. h=ô ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O ZO`Ç salary draw KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô ?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô? 12. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P camp …Õ ZO`Ç=°Ok tH›Æ}
Howmuch salary are you drawing at ‡ÚO^ΰKÇ°<Œß~¡°?
present?
13. h=ô W„¬C_È° WH›ø_È Z=i HË‹¬O Z^ΰ~¡°
19. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P ‡¦•¼H›“s…Õ ZO`Ç=°Ok „¬x KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô ?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ?
Howmany men are working in that 14. K³~á à¡ <£ „¬^q
Î H÷ Dª•i ZO`Ç=°Ok ‡é\©
factory at present? „¬_È°KÇ°<Œß~¡°?
20. h=ô W„¬ C _È ° N.I.I.T …Õ U course 15. h䛽 ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO WH›ø_È Z=~¡° ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ?
Which course are you doing in the
N.I.I.T at present? Z
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 38
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê XH›~°¡
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO business K͆ǰ@O …è^¥ ? J J`Ç_È° D ~ËA WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=_ÈO…è^¥ ?
J P"³° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D school …Õ „¬xK͆ǰ@O …è^¥? J "Œ~¡° D <³• class H÷ attend J=@O…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê D
~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Isn't/Aren't + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject –> 'I' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Aren't I' =KÇ°ó#°. ('Amn't I' ~Œä›•_È^ΰ.)
He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Isn't'
We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Aren't ' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° „¬xÌ„á ã‰×^Îí KǶ„¬@O…è^¥ ? 6. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D town …Õ x=tOKÇ@O
Aren't I concentrating on work ? …è^¥ ?
2. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O P Hê…èl…Õ KÇ^=
Î @O Aren't they living in this town at
…è^¥ ? present?
Aren't you studying in that college 7. h=ô ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO U job HË‹¬O try K͆ǰ@O
this year ? …è^¥ ?
3. P`Ç_È° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO job K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ? Aren't you trying for any job at present?
Isn't he doing job at present ? 8. J`Ç_È° D ~ËA college H÷ "³ˆ×¤@O…è^¥ ?
4. P"³° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g° WO\ÕÁ LO_È@O…è^¥ ? Isn't he going to college today ?
Isn't she staying in your house at 9. P"³ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O `³ • °Q® ° ‹² x =¶•…Õ
present ? #\÷OKÇ@O…è^¥ ?
5. h=ô W„¬C_È° D scooter use K͆ǰ@O Isn't she acting in Telugu movies at
…è^¥? present ?
Aren't you using this scooter now ? 10. <Í#° ‹¬iQê „¬x K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ?
Aren't I working properly ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P office …Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
„¬xK͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ?
Why aren't you working in that office
at present ?
1. h=ô D ~ËA Hê…èlH÷ "³ˆ×¤@O…è^¥ ?
12. h=ô D ~ËA college H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ×¤@O 2. g°~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO "ŒiH÷ material supply
…è^ΰ ? K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ?
Why aren't you going to college today? 3. J`Ç _ È ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O U problem face
13. h=ô studies Ì„á ZO^ΰ䛽 concentrate K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ?
K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ?
Why aren't you concentrating on your
4. P"³° W„¬C_È° D medicines f‹¬°HË=@O
studies ? …è^¥ ?
14. g°~¡ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P WO\ÕÁ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 5. "Œ~¡ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O ï ~ á ` Ç ° •ä› ½ loans
x=tOKÇ@…è^ΰ ? W=Þ@O…è^¥?
Why aren't you living in that house at
6. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O P course K͆ǰ@O
present ?
…è^¥ ?
15. J`Ç_È° D "Œ~¡O duty H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
J=@O…è^ΰ ? 7. g°~¡ ° ‹¬ i Qê accounts maintain
Why isn't he attending the duty this K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ?
week ? 8. P†Ç°# ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO new cases take up
16. P"³ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O WH› ø _È ä › ½ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^¥ ?
~Œ=@O…è^ΰ ?
Why isn't she coming here at present?
9. P"³° „ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ H›^•Î•° "ã Œ†Ç°@O…è^¥ ?
17. "Œ~¡ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O business ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 10. g° father h䛽 money „¬O„¬@O…è^¥ ?
K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ? 11. h=ô D scooter ZO^ΰ䛽 use K͆ǰ@O
Why aren't they doing business at …è^ΰ ?
present ?
12. g°~¡° rules ZO^ΰ䛽 follow J=@O…è^°Î ?
18. P"³° W„¬C_È° g°`Ë ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_È@O…è^ΰ?
Why isn't she staying with you now ? 13. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO books ZO^ΰ䛽 publish
19. D camera ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬xK͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ? K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ?
Why isn't this camera functioning ? 14. P†Ç°# ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO films …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 act
20. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO h ïHO^ΰ䛽 ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ@O K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ?
…è^ΰ ? 15. P"³ ° D ~ËA "Œi`Ë Hyderabad
Why aren't they co-operating with you
ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ×¤@O…è^ΰ ?
now ?
Z
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 40
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing'
form" Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Present ContinuousTense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# XH›~¡° continuous Qê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ß
XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 ''am / is / are + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I am learning English now. 2. We are waiting for the train now.
3. They are playing a match today. 4. She is staying in the hostel at present.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx
XH› „¬ x x Q® ° iOz ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "am /is/ are + not + 'ing' form"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I am not using this bicycle now.
2. He is not doing any job at present.
3. They are not helping us at present.
4. We are not facing any problem here at present.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë#ß XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing' form"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Are you going to college now ? 2. Is she studying B.Sc. this year?
3. Is he suffering from a fever today? 4. Are they living in Nellore at present ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx
XH› „¬ x x Q® ° iOz ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @ä› ½ "Isn't/Aren't + verb + 'ing' form"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Aren't you coming with me now ?
2. Isn't she attending the classes this week ?
3. Aren't they doing this business now ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

61. Speak spoke spoken =¶\ìÁ_È°@


62. Spend spent spent Q®_È°„¬ô@, Y~¡°óK͆Çò@
63. Spoil spoilt spoilt ‡•_È°K͆ò Ç @
64. Spread spread spread "Œ¼„²OKÇ°@
65. Stand stood stood x•|_È°@
66. Steal stole stolen ^ùOyeOKÇ°@
67. Sting stang stung 䛽@°“@
68. Strike stroke struck J_È°ÛHù#°@
69. Strive strove striven ‡é~Œ_È°@
70. Swear swore sworn ㄬ=¶}O K͆Çò@
71. Sweep swept swept T_È°ó@
72. Swim swam swum D^ΰ@
73. Take took taken f‹¬°Hù#°@
74. Teach taught taught <ÍiæOKÇ°@
75. Tear tore torn zOKÇ°@
76. Tell told told K³„¬C@
77. Think thought thought P…ÕzOKÇ°@
78. Thrive throve thriven Ja•=$kœ K³O^ΰ@
79. Throw threw thrown q‹¬~¡°@
80. Understand understood understood J~¡ÖO KÍ‹¬°Hù#°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
42 'Drown not thyself to save a drowning man'.
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PAST CONTINUOUS
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•
†ÇòO^ΰ=ò. P „¬#°•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K͆Çò@…è^ΰ. Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`Ç Hê•=ò continuous Qê
KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz W`Ç~°¡ •ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß h HË‹¬O library ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ Z^ΰ~¡° KǶ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò last month bank test H÷ coaching f‹¬°HùO@¶O_•<Œ=ò.
J =¶ father J„¬C_È° <³•¶Á~°¡ …Õ „¬x KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _• <Œ~¡°.
J P"³° last year Intermediate KÇ^°Î =ô KǶO_•#k.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß Qêx, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•#
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was / Were + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : 'Was' 'Were' J#° D ~ï O_•O\÷x Past 'Be' forms JO^ΰ~¡°.


"ŒH›¼=ò…Õ I, He, She, It (Singular) - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'was' =KÇ°ó#°.
We, You, They (Plural) - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. "Í°=ò last week exams "ã Œ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ=ò. 7. =¶ father J„¬C_È° business KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•
We were writing examinations last <Œ~¡°.
week. My father was doing business then.
2. J`Ç_°È last year hostel …Õ stay KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _• 8. "Í ° =ò last month study classes H÷
<Œ_È°. attend J=ô`ǶO_•<Œ=ò.
He was staying in the hostel last year. We were attending the study classes
3. P"³° J„¬C_È° steno Qê „¬x KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•#k. last month.
She was working as a steno then. 9. "Í°=ò ~Œãu T.V. …Õ XH› English movie
4. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß O `Œ P q+¬ † Ç ° O discuss KǶ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ=ò.
KÍ‹¬¶ë=ô<Œß~¡°. We were watching an English movie
They were discussing that matter on T.V. last night.
yesterday. 10. =¶ uncle J„¬C_È° High Court …Õ lawyer
5. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ help KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°. Qê practise KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°.
They were helping us then. My uncle was practising as a lawyer
in the High Court then.
6. <Í#° x#ß h HË‹¬O wait KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•<Œ#°.
I was waiting for you yesterday.

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11. "Í°=ò x#ß D time …Õ Circar Express EXERCISE


…Õ ã „ ¬ † Ç ¶ }O KÍ ‹ ¬ ¶ ë O _•<Œ=ò. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We were travelling by the Circar Ex-
press at this time yesterday.
12. "Œ~¡ ° Q® ` Ç " Œ~¡ O „¬ O _È ° Q® [~¡ ° „¬ ô 1. <Í#° ~Œã`ÇO`Œ "Í°…çøx L<Œß#°.
䛽O@¶O_•<Œ~¡°. 2. "Í°=ò x#ß cards distribute KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•
They were celebrating the festival last
<Œ=ò.
week. 3. J`Ç_È° last year „¬îiëQê studies Ì„á con-
centrate KÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
13. Mrs. Malathi =¶ä›½ last year Maths
teach KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•#k. 4. P"³° last month typhoid `Ë ƒì^•Î„_¬ °È
Mrs. Malathi was teaching us Math-
`ǶO_•#k.
ematics last year. 5. "Œ~¡° last week South India ‹¬O^ÎiÅ
14. "Í°=ò last month public examinations ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ~¡°.
"ã Œ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ=ò. 6. J`Ç_È° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ HêOãïQ‹¹ ‡•s“
We were writing public examinations
Hê~¡¼H›~Që¡ ê „¬xKÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
last month. 7. "Œ~¡° last month greeting cards sale
15. J`Ç _ È ° last year KŒ…ì hard work KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°.
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°. 8. <Í # ° x#ß D „¬ ô ‹¬ ë H › O HË‹¬ O "³ ` Ç ° ä› ½
He was doing hard work last year. `ǶO_•<Œ#°.
16. "Í°=ò x#ß „¦O¬ H›<
Æ H£ ÷ U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _• 9. "Í°=ò last month Physics subject pre-
<Œ=ò. pare JQ®°KǶO_•<Œ=ò.
We were making arrangements for the 10. P"³ ° x#ß O `Œ Ju^•Î ° •ä› ½ =°~Œ¼^Î
function yesterday. KǶ‹¬¶Oë _•#k.
17. Accident [iy#„¬C_È°, J`Ç_È° car KŒ…ì 11. P"³° x#ßO`Œ important letters type
fast Qê #_È°„¬ôKÇ°O_•<Œ_È°. KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•#k.
He was driving the car very fast when 12. "Í°=ò x#ß P time …Õ T.V. …Õ serial
the accident happened. KǶ‹¬¶ë<Œß=ò.
18. <Í#° x#ß D book refer KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ#°. 13. J`Ç_È° last year <³•ä›½ ~¡¶. 4,000 r`ÇO
I was refering to this book yesterday. draw KÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
19. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° rice business KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _• 14. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° KŒ…ì strict Qê rules
<Œ~¡°. ‡•\÷‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°.
They were doing rice business then. 15. <Í#° last year News reporter Qê „¬x
20. Last week <Í#° notes `dž¶
Ç ~¡° KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _• KǶ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ#°.
<Œ#°.
I was preparing notes last week. Z
Rome was not built in a day. 44
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J "Í°=ò Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O HêÁ‹¬°•ä›½ attend J=ô`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. J P"³° J„¬C_È° =¶ WO\ÕÁ „¬x KÍ‹°¬ Oë _È…^è °Î .
J "Œ~¡° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D "Œ¼‡•~¡O KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _È …è^°Î . J <Í#° x#ß h HË‹¬O wait KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß Qêx, Q®`OÇ "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í°W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
'' Was / Were + not + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, He, She, It - subject Qê
L#ß„¬C_È° 'was not'
We, You, They- subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were not' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß D letters type KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. 7. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O weekly tests
I was not typing these letters x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
yesterday. They were not conducting the weekly
2. "Í°=ò WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ D problem face tests last year.
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
We were not facing this problem then. 8. <Í # ° J„¬ C _È ° U subject H© tuition
3. h=ô J„¬C_È° money save KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. f‹¬°ä›½O@°O_È…è^ΰ.
You were not saving money then. I was not taking tuition for any subject
4. ‹¬z<£ >ÿO_È°•ø~Ÿ Q®`Ç series …Õ ‹¬iQê then.
P_È°`Ç°O_È…è^ΰ. 9. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° college …Õ games practise
Sachin Tendulkar was not playing well KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
in the last series. We were not practising games in the
5. P"³ ° WO`Ç ä › ½ =òO^Î ° D office …Õ college then.
„¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
She was not working in this office
10. J`Ç_°È Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O „¬sH›•Æ 䛽 ‹¬iQê
prepare J=ô`Ç°O_È…è^ΰ.
then.
He was not preparing well for the
6. x#ß WH›ø_È =~¡ÂO „¬_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
examinations last year.
It was not raining here yesterday.

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11. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° guides follow J=ô`Ç°O_È EXERCISE


…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We were not following guides then.
12. h=ô Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies Ì„á ‹¬iQê
concentrate KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
1. <Í#° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O U job Hù~¡ä›½ try
You were not concentrating on your
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
studies last year.
13. <Œ friends WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ <Œä›½ help 2. "Í°=ò WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ D problem face
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
My friends were not helping me then. 3. J`Ç_È° x#ß D book refer KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
14. =¶ manager Q® ` Ç "Œ~¡ O office ä› ½ 4. P"³° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D [|°Ä`Ë ƒì^•Î„_ ¬ °È
=‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. `ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Our manager was not coming to office
5. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O strike …Õ ‡•…ç¾O@°O_È
last week.
15. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D business …è^ΰ.
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. 6. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° D town …Õ x=t‹¬°Oë _È…^ è °Î .
They were not doing this business 7. <Í#° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O NIIT …Õ D course
then. KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
16. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç <³• study classes 䛽 attend 8. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° D oil use KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
J=_ÈO…è^ΰ. 9. ~ŒR „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO J„¬C_È° [#àƒ•’¶q°…Õ D
We were not attending the study
classes last month.
Hê~¡¼ãH›=°=ò#° x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
17. P"³° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hostel …Õ stay 10. J„¬C_È° D.M.K. ‡•s“ N.D.A „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxH÷
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ. support KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
She was not staying in the hostel last 11. =¶ brother Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O business
year. KǶ‹¬°ä›½O@¶O_È…è^ΰ.
18. <Í#° x#ß g° HË‹¬O JH›ø_È wait KÍ‹¬°ëO_È 12. <Í # ° J„¬ C _È ° competitive „¬ s H› Æ • ä› ½
…è^ΰ. prepare J=ô`Ç°O_È…è^ΰ.
I was not waiting for you there
yesterday.
13. "Í°=ò WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ =¶ personal
19. P"³° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O D college …Õ KÇ^°Î =ô matters P†Ç°#`Ë discuss KÍ‹¬°ëO_È
`ǶO_È …è^ΰ. …è^ΰ.
She was not studying in this college 14. =¶ lecturers Q®`ÇO…Õ special HêÁ‹¬°•°
last year. x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ.
20. "Í°=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ studies neglect KÍ‹¬°ëO_È 15. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O maths tuition
…è^ΰ. f‹¬°ä›½O@¶O_È_ÈO…è^ΰ.
We were not neglecting our studies
last time. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ë#ß „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° Q®`Ç <³• „¬sH›•Æ ° "ã Œ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ~Œ ? J P"³° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ g° WO\ÕÁ LO@¶O_• #^¥?
J g° brother J„¬C_È° Delhi …Õ Job KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _• <Œ_¨ ?
J h=ô x#ß \÷.q. …Õ Hã Hï÷ \˜ =¶¼KŸ KǶ‹¬°Oë _• <Œ"Œ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•# „¬#°•#°
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx U ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È° XH› „¬xx ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
'' Was / Were + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, He, She, It - subject Qê
L#ß„¬C_È° 'was'
We, You, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ xã^·é`Ƕ<Œß<Œ ? 6. "Œ~¡ ° Q® ` Ç " Œ~¡ O hall-tickets issue
Was I sleeping at that time yesterday? KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
2. g°~¡ ° Q® ` Ç " Œ~¡ O Physics practicals Were they issuing hall-tickets last
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _• <Œ~Œ ? week ?
Were you doing Physics practicals last 7. x#ß WH›ø_È =~¡Â=ò „¬_°È `ǶO_•#^¥ ?
week ? Was it raining here yesterday ?
3. g°~¡° x#ß wedding cards „¬O„²}© 8. N KÇ O ã ^ Î ƒ ì|° x#ß =~¡ O Q® … ˜ l…ìÁ … Õ
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ? „¬~¼¡ \÷‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
Were you distributing the wedding Was Sri Chandra Babu touring in
cards yesterday ? Warangal district yesterday ?
4. P time …Õ J`Ç_È° important letters type 9. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ‡•s“ Jƒ•’¼~¡°œ•° WO\÷O\©H©
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ_¨ ? canvas KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
Was he typing the important letters at Were the party candidates canvassing
that time ? from door to door last week ?
5. P"³ ° x#ß WO\÷ ^Î Q ® ¾ ~ ¡ rest f‹¬ ° ä› ½ O 10. J„¬æ\÷ HêOãQï ‹¹ „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO D „¬^HΊ ê•#°
@¶O_•#^¥ ? J=°•° „¬~°¡ ‹¬¶Oë _•#^¥ ?
Was she taking rest at home Was the then Congress government
yesterday? implementing these schemes ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. x#ß D time …Õ h=ô WO\÷ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ Uq° D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ=ô?
What were you doing at home at this
time yesterday ? 1. x#ß JO`Œ g°~¡° train …Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}O
12. x#ß h=ô P shop …Õ Uq° HùO@¶<Œß=ô ? KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
What were you buying in that shop 2. g°~¡° last year result HË‹¬O hard work
yesterday ? KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
13. Accident [iy# ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…Õ Hê~¡° 3. J`Ç _ È ° WO`Ç ä › ½ =òO^Î ° hä› ½ help
Z=~¡° drive KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ? KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ_¨ ?
Who was driving the car when the
accident happened ?
4. P"³ ° x#ß P time …Õ special items
14. x#ß\÷ =~¡ä›½ P"³° U hospital …Õ zH÷`•Ç `dž¶Ç ~¡° KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•#^¥ ?
‡ÚO^ΰ`ǶO_•#k ? 5. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D ‹¬O‹¬Ö#° x~¡Þ‚²ì
In which hospital was she undergoing ‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
treatment till yesterday ? 6. Last summer …Õ h=ô English grammar
15. g°~¡ ° x#ß <Œ HË‹¬ O ZH› ø _È wait <Í~°¡ äó ½› O@¶O_•<Œ"Œ ?
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡° ? 7. Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O g°~¡° office #° ãHù`Çë building
Where were you waiting for me …ÕxH÷ shift KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?
yesterday?
8. x#ß L^Ά°Ç O h=ô ZH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆ´× Oë _•<Œ=ô?
16. P „²••Á #° J„¬C_È° Z=~¡° ‡é+²‹¶
¬ Oë _•
<Œ~¡° ? 9. x#ß ~Œãu g°~¡° Uq° KŒ…ì ‹Ôi†Ç°‹¹ Qê
Who was feeding those children then? KÇi‹ ó ¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡° ?
17. g°~¡ ° P_•\Õi†Ç ° OH÷ "³ o ¤ # „¬ C _È ° 10. g°ä›½ Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hê…èl…Õ Maths
g°\÷OQ·…Õ Z=~¡° =¶\ìÁ_°È KǶO_•<Œ~¡°? Z=~¡° teach KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡° ?
Who was speaking in the meeting 11. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß ZO^Î ° ä› ½ `Ç Q ® = ô…ì_È °
when you went to the auditorium ? HùO@¶O_•<Œ~¡° ?
18. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß ZO^Î ° ä› ½ P building #° 12. h䛽 J„¬C_È° Z=~¡° help KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°?
„¬_ÈQù@°“KÇ°<Œß~¡° ? 13. Last summer …Õ h=ô U course
Why were they demolishing that
building yesterday ?
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ=ô ?
19. P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# |‹¬°•…Õ ZO`Ç =°Ok 14. Last year g° business Z=~¡ °

ã †
¬ ¶Ç }=ò KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡° ? KǶ‹¬°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡° ?
Howmay passengers were travelling 15. h=ô x#ß P time …Õ JH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽
in the bus at that time ? x•|_• =ô<Œß=ô ?
20. J`Ç_È° h`Ë Uq° argue KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°?
What was he arguing with you ?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°
KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J P"³° last month hostel …Õ stay J g°~¡° last year classes H÷ attend
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥? J=ô`Ç°O_È…è^¥ ?
J "Œ~¡° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D "Œ¼‡•~¡O KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _È…^è ¥ ? J x#ß h=ô T.V. …Õ match KǶ‹¬¶Oë _È…^è ¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Wasn't/Weren't + Verb + "ing" form L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - I, He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Wasn't =KÇ°ó#°.
We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Weren't =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß h=ô <Œ HË‹¬O wait KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È@O …è^¥? 7. J`Ç _ È ° last year job HË‹¬ O try
Weren't you waiting for me yesterday? KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^¥?
2. h=ô last week classes H÷ attend Wasn't he trying for a job last year ?
J=ô`ǶO_È…è^¥ ? 8. P"³ ° last year Maths H÷ coaching
Weren't you attending the classes last f‹¬°ä›½O@¶O_È…è^¥ ?
week ? Wasn't she taking coaching for Maths
3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° h䛽 help KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥? last year ?
Wasn't he helping you then ? 9. J`Ç_°È J„¬C_È° programmes …Õ participate
4. ~Œãu WH›ø_È =~¡âO „¬_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥ ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ?
Wasn't it raining here last night ? Wasn't he participating in programmes
5. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° D house H÷ rent pay then ?
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ? 10. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ g°ä›½ study classes
Weren't they paying rent for this house x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ?
then ? Weren't they conducting study classes
6. x#ß buses u~¡°Q®°`Ç°O_È…è^¥ ? to you previously ?
Weren't the buses plying yesterday ?

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11. h=ô WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ D book ZO^ΰ䛽 EXERCISE


refer KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why weren't you refering to this book
previously ?
12. g°~¡° WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ D course ZO^ΰ䛽 1. h=ô x#ß P time …Õ JH›ø_È x•|_•
x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ? =ôO_È…è^¥?
Why weren't you conducting this 2. g°~¡ ° last year D books follow
course previously ?
J=ô`ǶO_È…è^¥ ?
13. J`Ç _ È ° last year ZO^Î ° ä› ½ job
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ? 3. P"³° x#ß notes ã"Œ‹¬°ëO_È@O…è^¥ ?
Why wasn't he doing job last year ? 4. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D problem face
14. P"³° WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ medicines ZO^ΰ䛽 KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ?
f‹¬°ä›½O@¶O_È…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't she taking medicines 5. J`Ç_È° last year job KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ?
previously ? 6. h=ô last week duty H÷ attend J=ô`ǶO_È
15. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° grammar ZO^Î ° ä› ½ …è^¥ ?
<Í~¡°ó䛽O@¶O_È…è^ΰ?
Why weren't you learning grammar 7. P"³° last year D college …Õ KÇ^ΰ=ô
then? `ǶO_È…è^¥ ?
16. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° money ZO^ΰ䛽 save 8. "Œ~¡ ° WO`Ç ä › ½ =òO^Î ° D town …Õ
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ? x=t‹¬¶ëO_È…è^¥ ?
Why wasn't he saving money then ?
17. P"³° J„¬C_È° g°ä›½ D subject ZO^ΰ䛽 9. g°~¡° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D scooter ZO^ΰ䛽
teach KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ? use KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ?
Why wasn't she teaching you this 10. J`Ç_È° last year job HË‹¬O ZO^ΰ䛽 try
subject then ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ?
18. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° games ZO^ΰ䛽 practise
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È…è^ΰ ? 11. "Œ~¡° h䛽 J„¬C_È° salary ZO^ΰ䛽 pay
Why weren't you practising games KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ?
then ? 12. h=ô last week library H÷ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
19. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _È ° h =¶@ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ =‹¬¶ëO_È…è^ΰ ?
qO@¶O_È@O…è^ΰ ?
Why wasn't he listening to your words 13. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O ZO^ΰ䛽
then ? HË~¡°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ ?
20. "Œ~¡° x#°ß J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡ã é`Ç•‚²ì‹¬¶Oë _È 14. x#ß buses ZO^ΰ䛽 u~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ ?
…è^ΰ ?
Why weren't they encouraging you 15. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° accounts ZO^ΰ䛽 maintain
then ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È@O…è^ΰ?

Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Was/Were + Verb + 'ing'
form" Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Past Continiuous Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 ''was / were + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I was reading this novel last night.
2. We were traveling in the train last night.
3. She was suffering from malaria last month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "was /were + not + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I was not using this scooter then.
2. We were not attending the classes last week.
3. She was not staying in our house then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Was /Were + Verb+'ing' for m' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Were you suffering from a fever last week ?
2. Was it raining here yesterday ?
3. Were they helping you then ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Wasn't /Weren't + Verb
+ 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Weren't you waiting for us yesterday ?
2. Wasn't he studying in this college last year ?
3. Weren't they coming here then ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

81. Accompany accompanied accompanied "³O@`Ë_È°Qê =KÇ°ó@


82. Accumulate accumulated accumulated 䛕_ȃÿ@°“@
83 Accuse accused accused xO^Î"³¶„¬ô@
84 Accustom accustomed accustomed J•"Œ@°„¬_È°@
85 Achieve achieved achieved ª•k•OKÇ°@
86 Act acted acted #\÷OKÇ°@
87 Add added added H›•°„¬ô@
88 Addict addicted addicted ^ΰ~¡•"Œ@°K͆Çò@
89 Address addressed addressed ‹¬OƒÕk•OKÇ°@
90 Adjust adjusted adjusted ‹¬iK͆Çò@
91. Admire admired admired "³°KÇ°óHù#°@
92. Adopt adopted adopted ^Î`Çë`Ç f‹¬°Hù#°@
93. Adore adored adored P~Œk•OKÇ°@
94. Advise advised advised ‹¬•‚¬ð WKÇ°ó
95. Affix affixed affixed JO\÷OKÇ°
96. Adulterate adulterated adulterated H›bëK͆Çò@
97. Advertise advertised advertised ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°@
98. Agree agreed agreed X„¬CHù#°@
99. Aim aimed aimed Q®°iÌ„@°“@, •H›Æ¼=ò
100. Alight alighted alighted ãH÷OkH÷ kQ®°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
52 Appear like a winner evenif you lose.
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FUTURE CONTINUOUS
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx HùO`ÇHê•O continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO^ΰ=ò. P „¬#°•°
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ "³ò^Î…áÿ HùO`ÇHê•=ò …èH› KŒ…ìHê•=ò continuous Qê [~¡°Q®° `ǶO_È°#°. W…ì
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz W`Ç~°¡ •ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° WH› #°Oz ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê classes 䛽 J "Í°=ò =KÍ<ó •³ holidays =¶ =îi…Õ
‚¬ð[~¡=`ǶO\ì#°. Q®_È°„¬ô`ǶO\ì=ò.
J "Œ~¡° WH›#°Oz =°#`Ë ‹¬‚¬ìH›i‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. J J`Ç_°È WH›#°Oz =°#`Ë stay KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì_È°.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È° „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _È°
XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + be + Verb + ing form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : 'Be' J#° ^¥xx 'Future' 'Be' form JO^ΰ~¡°.


"ŒH›¼=ò…Õ subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "will + be + ing form " =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° WH› # °Oz sincere Qê „¬ x 6. <Í # ° WH› #°Oz =¶ uncle advice
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°. ‡•\÷‹°¬ Oë \ì#°.
I will be working sincerely hereafter. I will be following my uncle's advice
2. "Í°=ò =KÍó<³• =¶ Ti…Õ stay hereafter.
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò. 7. "Í°=ò WH›#°Oz ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê rent pay
We will be staying at our village next KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò.
We will be paying rent regularly
month.
hereafter.
3. =¶ sister next year university …Õ 8. =¶ brother P.G. `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç job H÷ try
KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ƕ LO@°Ok. KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°.
My sister will be studying in the My brother will be trying for a job after
university next year. his P.G.
4. J`Ç _ È ° WH› #°Oz =°#ä› ½ help 9. =KÍó<³• "Œ~¡° teacher post •ä›½
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°. interviews x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
He wil be helping us hereafter. They will be conducting the interviews
5. "Œ~¡° next month „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ prepare for the teacher posts next month.
J=ô`Ç°O\ì~¡°. 10. <Í#° WH›#°Oz ㄬu~ËA new words
They will be preparing for the <Í~¡°ó䛽O@°O\ì#°.
examinations next month. I will be learning new words every day
hereafter.
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11. "Í°=ò WH› #°Oz D new vehicle use EXERCISE


KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We will be using this new vehicle
hereafter.
12. =¶ father next year business 1. <Í#° WH›#°Oz h䛽 `Ç~K ¡ °Ç Qê …ÿ@~Ÿ• "ã Œ‹¬¶ë
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. LO\ì#°.
My father will be doing business next 2. "Í°=ò next two months D game ƒìQê
year. practise KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò.
13. P"³° WH›#°Oz homeopathic medicines 3. =¶ brother WH›#°Oz <Œ ^ÎQ~ö¾® LO\ì_È°.
f‹¬°ä›½O@°Ok.
She will be taking Homeopathic 4. P"³° ~ö „¬ô D time H÷ WH›ø_Èä½› =‹¬°Oë @°Ok.
medicines hereafter. 5. =°# Maths teacher ~ö „¬ô, =°~¡°<Œ_È° =°#
14. "Œ~¡° WH› g°^Î@ strict Qê accounts doubts clarify KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
maintian KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. 6. WH› #°Oz <Í#° Z„¬æ\H÷ „ › C¬ _È° h䛽 inform
They will be maintaining the accounts KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°.
strictly hereafter.
7. =KÍ ó < ³ • JO`Œ =òY¼=°Oã u Zxß H › •
15. "Í ° =ò WH› # °Oz rules follow J=ô
`Ç°O\ì=ò. „
ã K
¬ Œ~¡O…Õ ‡•…ç¾O\ì~¡°.
We will be following the rules 8. =KÍó <Œ•°Q®° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•° =¶ cousin
hereafter. Madras …Õ Engineering KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_È°.
16. =¶ sister next year M.Phil KÍ‹°¬ Oë @°Ok. 9. <Í#° WH›#°Oz Z䛽ø=Qê G.K. books
My sister will be doing M.Phil next refer KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°.
year.
10. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#HË‹¬O JH›ø_È Z^ΰ~¡°
17. "Œ~¡° WH› g°^Î@ ㄬu"Œ~¡O tests KǶ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
They will be conducting tests every 11. WH› g°^Î@ D mill ƒìQê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO@°Ok.
week hereafter. 12. =KÍó <³•O`Œ "Œ~¡° Hù`Çë F@~¡Á list `dž¶ Ç ~¡°
18. <Í#° WH›#°Oz diary ã"Œ‹¬°ëO\ì#°. KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
I will be writing diary hereafter. 13. D course …Õ <Í#° x#°ß guide KÍ‹¬°ëO
19. "Í°=ò =KÍó"Œ~¡O Chemistry practicals \ì#°.
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò. 14. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô D time H÷ Bangalore KÍ~¡°
We will be doing Chemistry practicals
䛽O@¶O\ì=ò.
next week.
20. <Í#° WH›#°Oz money save KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì#°.
I will be saving money hereafter.
Z
Where there is a will, there is a way. 54
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° WH› P H›OÌ„h…Õ work K͆ǰ#°. J "Í°=ò WH› J`Çx„Ì á P^•¥~¡„_¬ =È ò.
J J`Ç_°È =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O WH›ø_È KÇ^=Î _È°. J P"³° WH› WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰ^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È° „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í°W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=°ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° continuous Qê
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Will not + be + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
subject - Singular, Plural U^³#
á #¶ " will not + be + 'ing' form" L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° WH›g°^Î@ D ‡Ú~¡‡•@° K͆°Ç #°. 6. <Í#° =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hostel …Õ stay
I will not be committing this mistake K͆ǰ#°.
hereafter. I willnot be staying in the hostel next
2. "Í°=ò WH›#°Oz work delay K͆ǰ=ò. year.
We will not be delaying the work 7. "Í ° =ò WH› #°Oz D books follow
hereafter. J==ò.
3. =¶ brother =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O D job We will not be following these books
K͆ǰ_Ȱ. hereafter.
My brother wil not be doing this job 8. <Í#° WH› g°^Î@ J`ÇxH÷ help K͆ǰ#°.
next year. I will not be helping him hereafter.
4. P"³ ° WH› #°Oz =°# WO\÷ H ÷ ~Œ^Î ° .
She will not be coming to our house
9. J`Ç_È° WH› =°#䛽 money „¬O„¬_È°.
He will not be sending us money
hereafter.
hereafter.
5. "Œ~¡° WH› #°Oz J`Çx q+¬†Ç°O *ÕH›¼O
KÍ‹¬°HË~¡°. 10. "Í ° =ò WH› Jx ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O HË~¡ = ò.
They will not be interefering in his We will not be seeking his help
matter hereafter. hereafter.

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11. <Í#° WH› #°Oz J`Çx`Ë move Hê#°. EXERCISE


I will not be moving with him hereafter.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. N H›~°¡ }ìxk• WH› g°^Î@ ~Œ[H©†¶
Ç …ÕÁ
KÇ°~¡°Qê¾ ‡•…ç¾#~¡°.
Sri Karunanidhi will not be 1. <Í#° WH› #°Oz \©.q.…Õ P programme
participating in politics actively
hereafter.
KǶ_È#°.
13. Indian Cricket Team =KÍ ó ï ~ O_È ° 2. "Í°=ò WH› #°Oz class H÷ late Qê ~Œ=ò.
‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•° ‡•H÷ª•ë<`£ Ë =¶¼KŸ P_È^°Î .
The Indian Cricket Team will not be 3. <Í#° WH›#°Oz J|^Îí=¶_È#°.
playing matches against Pakistan next
4. J`Ç_È° WH›#°Oz "ŒiO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤_È°.
two years.
14. <Í#° WH›#°Oz D vehicle use K͆ǰ#°. 5. P"³° WH› #°Oz D medicine f‹¬°HË^ΰ.
I will not be using this vehicle
hereafter. 6. "Œ~¡ ° =KÍ ó <³ • U programmes

15. "Í°=ò WH› #°Oz work neglect K͆°Ç =ò. x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~¡°.


We will not be neglecting the work
7. <Í#° WH› J`Çx ‹¬•‚¬ð ‡•\÷OKÇ#°.
hereafter.
16. „
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ=ò WH› g°^Î@ D scheme #° 8. "Í°=ò WH› "ŒiH÷ co-operate K͆ǰ=ò.
J=°•°„¬~¡KÇ^ΰ.
The government will not be 9. J`Ç_°È =KÍ‹
ó O¬ =`Ç•~¡O studies continue
implementing this scheme hereafter. K͆ǰ_Ȱ.
17. <Í # ° WH› J`Ç x `Ë À ‹ ß ‚ ¬ ì O KÍ † Ç ° #°. 10. "Œ~¡° WH›#°Oz P bank…Õ amount
I will not be making friends with him
deposit K͆ǰ~¡°.
hereafter.
18. "Œ~¡ ° WH› D town …Õ x=tOKÇ ~ ¡ ° . 11. <Í#° WH› P shop …Õ Ug° Hù##°.
They will not be living in this town
hereafter. 12. "Œ~¡° WH› P Hê…èr…Õ donations =‹¬¶•°
19. ªÏ~¡"£ Q®OQ®¶b next test series …Õ team K͆ǰ~¡°.
x lead K͆ǰ_Ȱ.
Sourab Ganguly will not be leading
13. "Í°=ò WH› D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ risk f‹¬°HË=ò.
the team in the next test series. 14. <Í#° WH› P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ night duty K͆ǰ#°.
20. <Í#° next month …Õ <Œ holidays waste
K͆ǰ#° . 15. ö~„¬O`Œ D line …Õ trains #_È°==ô.
I will not be wasting my holidays next
month.
Z
Slow and steady wins the race. 56
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬°ë#ß
„¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J P"³° next year university …Õ J "Œ~¡° WH›#°Oz regular Qê HêÁ‹°¬ •ä›½


KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ç°O@°O^¥? ‚¬ð[~¡=ô`Ç°O\ì~Œ?
J =°#=ò WH›#°Oz English =¶\ìÁ_È^¥=¶? J <Í#° ~ö „¬ô D text book refer KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë=ôO_È°
„¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í°W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=°ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ KÍ‹°¬ Oë _È° XH› „¬xx „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
" Shall / Will + be + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Shall',
You, He, She, It, They - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Will' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° WH›ø_È W`Çx`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°`Ç°O_Í^¥? 7. =òY¼=°Oãu ö~„¬ô ‡•s“ <Œ†Ç°ä›½•`Ë
Shall I be talking to him here? KÇi󋬰ëO\ì~Œ?
2. =°#=ò ‹¬ Þ O`Ç Q ê <Ë\˜ • `Ç † Ç ¶ ~¡ ° Will the Cheif-minister be discussing
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=¶ ? with the party leaders tomorrow?
Shall we be preparing the notes of our
own ? 8. g°~¡° WH›#°Oz „ ã u
¬ Pk"Œ~¡O ‹
Ì q°<Œ~Ÿ•
3. h=ô next year job HË‹¬O ㄬ†Ç°uß x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
‹¬°ëO\ì"Œ? Will you be conducting seminars
Will you be trying for a job next year? every Sunday hereafter?
4. J`Ç_È° WH›#°Oz =°#`Ë<Í LO\ì_¨? 9. "Œ~¡ ° WH› # °Oz strict Qê rules
Will he be staying with us hereafter? ‡•\÷‹°¬ Oë \ì~Œ?
5. P"³° ö~„¬ô D time …Õ `Ç# „¬ô\÷“#~ËA Will they be following the rules strictly
celebrate KÍ ‹ ¬ ° ä› ½ O@¶ LO@°O^¥?
hereafter?
Will she be celebrating her birthday
at this time tomorrow ? 10. Next series …Õ ä›•_¨ Dravid team x
6. "Œ~¡° D ï~O_È° <³••° final „¬sH›Æ• Hù~¡ä›½ lead KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_¨?
prepare J=ô`Ƕ LO\ì~Œ? Will Dravid be leading the team in
Will they be preparing for the final the next series also?
examinations these two months?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. D Ì ‹ •=ô•…Õ =°#=ò Uq° D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
KÍ‹¬°ëO^¥=ò?
What shall we be doing these
holidays? 1. <Í#° ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ =~¡ä½› D letters type
12. <Í#° ö~„¬ô hHË‹¬O ZH›ø_È wait KÍ‹¬°ëO_Ík? KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í^¥ ?
Where shall I be waiting for you 2. =°#=ò WH›#°Oz morning class •ä›½
tomorrow? attend J=ô^¥=¶?
13. =°#=ò =KÍó<³• U subject prepare 3. h=ô WH› # °Oz D medicine
J=ô`Ç°O^¥=ò? f‹¬°ä›½O\ì"Œ?
Which subject shall we be preparing 4. g°~¡° =KÍó <³• „¬aHÁ ± „¬sH›•Æ ° "
ã Œ‹¬°Oë \ì~Œ?
next month? 5. J`Ç _ È ° WH› # °Oz sincere Qê
14. WH› # °Oz g° "Œ¼‡•~¡ O Z=~¡ ° „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO\ì_¨?
KǶ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°? 6. "Œ~¡ ° WH› # °Oz D vehicle use
Who will be looking after your KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
business hereafter ? 7. h=ô WH›#°Oz ㄬu<³…ì money save
15. "Œ~¡° =KÍó<³• ZH›ø_È „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì"Œ?
Where will they be working next 8. P"³ ° next year S.V. †Çüx=i•\©…Õ
month? M.Phil KÍ‹¬°ëO@°O^¥?
16. h=ô WH› # °Oz ZO`Ç salary draw 9. "Œ~¡° WH›#°Oz business …Õ accounts
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ô? maintain KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
Howmuch salary will you be drawing
herfeafter?
10. WO@~Ÿ q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° =KÍó "Œ~¡O practicals
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
17. "Œ~¡ ° JH› ø _È Zxß ~ËA•° tH› Æ }
‡ÚO^ΰ`Ç°O\ì~¡°? 11. Ju^•Î°•ä›½ =°#=ò U~Œæ@°Á ZH›ø_È
Howmany days will they be
KÍ‹¬°ëO^¥=ò?
undergoing training there? 12. <Í#° WH›#°Oz regular Q®ê WH›ø_È䛽
18. ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È „¬ x x Z=~¡ ° supervise
=‹¬°ëO_Í^¥?
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°? 13. g°~¡ ° =KÍ ó ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O ZH› ø _È
Who will be supervising the work KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ç°O\ì~¡°?
there tomorrow? 14. x#°ß D course …Õ Z=~¡ ° guide
19. g°~¡° D Ì‹•=ô•° Z…ì Q®_È°„¬ô`Ç°O\ì~¡°? KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
How will you be spending these 15. =KÍó "Í‹¬q Ì‹•=ô•…Õ g°~¡° Uq°
holidays? <Í~¡°ó䛽O\ì~¡°?
20. h䛽 JH›ø_È Z=~¡° ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì~¡°?
Who will be helping you there ? Z
Be good, Do good. 58
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô WH›#°Oz night meal f‹¬°HË"Œ ? J g°~¡° WH› #°Oz P WO\ÕÁ x=‹²‹¬¶ëO_È~Œ ?
J J`Ç_È° WH› #°Oz =°#`Ë move J=_¨ ? J P"³° WH›#°Oz college …Õ KÇ^Î=_¨ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shalln't/Won't + be + Verb + "ing" form L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :

I, We –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Shalln't be' =KÇ°ó#°.


You, He, She, It, They –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Won't be' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô next year D college …Õ 6. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô h HË‹¬ O JH› ø _È wait
KÇ^ΰ=ô`ǶO_È"Œ ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È=^¥í?
Won't you be studying in this college Shalln't I be waiting for you there
next year ? tomorrow?
2. g°~¡° WH› D town …Õ x=tOKÇ~Œ ? 7. "Œ~¡° WH› P ‹¬O‹¬Ö#° x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~Œ ?
Won't you be living in this town Won't they be organizing this firm
hereafter ? hereafter ?
3. J`Ç_È° WH› WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ_¨ ? 8. h=ô WH› g°^Î@ J`Çx`Ë move J="Œ ?
Won't he be coming here hereafter? Won't you be moving with him
4. J`Ç _ È ° next year P college …Õ hereafter?
„¬xK͆ǰ_¨? 9. P†Ç°# WH› politics …Õ ‡•…ç¾#_¨ ?
Won't he be working in that college next Won't he be participating in politics
year ? hereafter ?
5. P"³° WH› WH›ø_È LO_È^¥ ? 10. =°#=ò WH›g°^Î@ "ŒiH÷ help KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È
Won't she be staying here hereafter ? =^¥í?
Shalln't we be helping them hereafter?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. P"³° next year studies ZO^ΰ䛽 continue D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
K͆ǰ^ΰ?
Why won't she be continueing her
studies next year ? 1. h=ô WH› #°Oz g° brother H÷ money
12. J`Ç_È° h䛽 JH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽 ‹¬‚¬ìH›i „¬O„¬ô`ǶO_È"Œ ?
‹¬¶ëO_È_È° ?
Why won't he be co-operating with 2. g°~¡° WH›g°^Î@ "ŒiH÷ material supply
you there ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È~Œ ?
13. g°~¡° WH›#°Oz J`Çx ‹¬•‚¬ð ZO^ΰ䛽 3. J`Ç_°È next year =°#`Ë stay KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _È_¨?
‡•\÷OKÇ~°¡ ?
Why won't you be following his advice 4. P"³° WH›#°Oz medicines f‹¬°HË^¥ ?
hereafter ?
14. P†Ç°# WH›g°^Î@ elections …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 5. "Œ~¡° WH› #°Oz taxes =‹¬¶•° K͆ǰ~Œ?
‡é\© KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È~¡° ? 6. g°~¡° WH› D old vehicle use KÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _È~Œ?
Why won't he be contesting in the
elections hereafter ? 7. Ganguly WH› One-day matches
15. "Œ~¡° =°#H÷ WH› ZO^ΰ䛽 help K͆ǰ~¡° ? P_È°`ǶO_È_¨ ?
Why won't they be helping us
hereafter?
8. P"³° WH› `Çq°ˆ× ‹²x=¶•…Õ #\÷OKÇ^¥ ?
16. =KÍó<³• g°~¡° HêÁ‹¬°•ä›½ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend 9. "Œ~¡ ° WH› =°# q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ *ÕH› ¼ O
J=ô`ǶO_È~¡° ? KÍ‹¬°HË~Œ?
Why won't you be attending the
classes next month ? 10. P"³° WH› #°Oz =°# WO\ÕÁ ZO^ΰ䛽
17. "Œ~¡° WH›g°^Î@ P business ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_È^ΰ ?
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È~¡° ? 11. J`Ç_°È WH› #°Oz WH›ø_Èä½› ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ_È°?
Why won't they be doing that business
hereafter ? 12. "Œ~¡ ° WH› #°Oz =°#`Ë ZO^Î ° ä› ½
18. J`Ç _ È ° WH› g °^Î @ P job ZO^Î ° ä› ½ „¬xK͆ǰ~¡° ?
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È_È°?
Why won't he be doing that job 13. h=ô next week duty H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
hereafter ? J==ô ?
19. "Œ~¡° WH›g°^Î@ Hù`Çë L^˼Qê•° ZO^ΰ䛽 14. g°~¡° WH›#°Oz P shop …Õ =‹¬°ë=ô•°
recruit KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È~¡° ?
Why won't they be recruiting the new
ZO^ΰ䛽 Hù#~¡° ?
jobs hereafter ? 15. "Œ~¡° WH› #°Oz programmes ZO^ΰ䛽
20. g°~¡ ° WH› # °Oz D crop ZO^Î ° ä› ½ x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬¶ëO_È~¡° ?
„¬O_•‹¬¶Oë _È~°¡ ?
Why won't they be growing this crop
hereafter ?
Z
The harder you work, the luckier you get. 60
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ ''Will + be + verb + 'ing' form"
Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Future Continuous Tense JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹°¬ 䛽O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ Continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë=ôO_È° XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 ''will + be + Verb + 'ing' form L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will be helping you hereafter.
2. We will be writing examinations next month.
3. He will be doing job next year .
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "will +not + be+ Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I willnot be wasting my time hereafter.
2. We will not be coming here hereafter.
3. They will not be doing this business hereafter.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_ȃÕ=ô XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall / Will + be + Verb+'ing' form'
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shall I be refering to this book ?
2. Shall we be making arrangements tomorrow ?
3. Will they be living in Hyderabad hereafter ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shalln't / Won't + be +
Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shalln't we be using this vehicle hereafter ?
2. Won't you be working here next year ?
3. Won't they be supplying us the material hereafter ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

101. allot alloted alloted qƒ•’lOz WKÇ°ó


102. allow allowed allowed J#°=°uOKÇ°
103. alter altered altered =¶~¡°æ
104. amaze amazed amazed kãQÄ•® =° H›eyOKÇ°
105. amuse amused amused ‹¬O`Ë+¬Ì„@°“
106. annoy annoyed annoyed „Ô_•OKÇ°
107. anticipate anticipated anticipated =òO^ΰQê T‚²ìOKÇ°
108. apologize apologized apologized H›Æ=¶„¬} J_È°Q®°@
109. appeal appealed appealed =°#q KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
110. appear appeared appeared H›#|_È°
111. appland applanded applanded "³°KÇ°óHù#°@
112. apply applied applied W=°àx J_È°Q®°@
113. appoint appointed appointed x†Ç°q°OKÇ°@
114. appreciate appreciated appreciated "³°KÇ°óHù#°@
115. approach approached approached ‹¬g°„²OKÇ°@
116. approve approved approved J#°=°OuOKÇ°@
117. argue argued argued "ŒkOKÇ°@
118. arrange arranged arranged ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°@
119. arrest arrested arrested Mÿá^ΰK͆Çò@
120. arrive arrived arrived =KÇ°ó@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
62 Think like a man of action, act like a man of thought.
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PRESENT PERFECT
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° W„¬C_Í (just) KÍ‹²†ÇòO^ΰ=ò. Hùxß „¬#°•° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^Í
=¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 (already) KÍ‹²†ÇòO^ΰ=ò. XHùøH›ø ª•i W`Ç~¡°•`Ë
=¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx WO`Ç =~¡ä›½, W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ (sofar) Zxß ª•~¡°Á KÍ‹#
² n
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° just W„¬C_Í J`Çxx H›e‰§#°. J "Í°=ò already exam fee pay K͉§=ò.
J "Í°=ò D "Œ~¡ë just W„¬C_Í q<Œß=ò. J "Œ~¡° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ D "Œ~¡O 20 files clear KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° just W„¬C_Í Hêx, already WO`Ç䛽 =òO^³„¬C_Ë Hêx „¬îiëKÍ‹²# „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê (i) just W„¬C_Í „¬îië KÍ‹²# „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽, (ii) XH› Yzó`Ç"³°Ø# ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#°
‹¬¶zO„¬H› already WO`Ç䛽=òO^³„¬C_Ë „¬îië KÍ‹²# „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 =°i†Çò (iii) =°#=ò
=¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä›½ (sofar) XH› „¬xx Zxߪ•~¡°Á KÍ‹#² k ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - I, We, You, They, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'have' =KÇ°ó#°.
Subject - He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'has' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° just W„¬C_Í D letter receive KÍ‹¬° 7. "Í°=ò just W„¬C_Í J`ÇxH÷ money pay
䛽<Œß#°. K͉§=ò.
I have received this letter justnow. We have paid him money justnow.
2. "Í°=ò just W„¬C_Í lunch f‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò. 8. =¶ brother just W„¬C_Í office #°Oz
We have taken lunch justnow. =KŒó_È°.
3. =¶ father just W„¬C_Í |†Ç°@䛽 "³ˆì¤~¡°. My brother has come from office just
My father has gone out justnow. now.

4. P"³° just W„¬C_Í xã^Î …èzOk. 9. <Í#° already <Œ application form submit
She has just woken up. K͉§#°.
I have already submitted my
5. Pinakini Express just W„¬C_Í =zó#k.
application form.
The Pinakini Express has arrived just
now. 10. "Í ° =ò already D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ XH›
x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò.
6. <Í # ° just W„¬ C _Í J`Ç x H÷ message
We have already taken a decision in
„¬O‡•#°. this matter.
I have sent him the message justnow.
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11. =¶ brother already computer course EXERCISE


„¬îië K͉§_È°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
My brother has already completed the
computer course.
1. <Í#° just W„¬C_Í lunch f‹¬°ä›½<Œß#°.
12. =¶ sister already visa 䛽 apply KÍ‹#
² k.
My sister has already applied for the 2. "Í°=ò just W„¬C_Í D "Œ~¡ë q<Œß=ò.
VISA.
3. =¶ |
ã ^Î~Ÿ just W„¬C_Í <Œä›½ phone K͉§_È°.
13. "Œ~¡° already meeting 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹²
†Çò<Œß~¡°. 4. P"³° just W„¬C_Í D item `dž¶
Ç ~¡° KÍ‹O² k.
They have already made the
5. "Œ~¡ ° just W„¬ C _Í programme ‡ã •~¡O
arrangements for the meeting.
a•Oz<Œ~¡°.
14. <Í#° already P movie KǶ‰§#°.
I have already seen that movie. 6. <Í#° already text books Jhß Hù<Œß#°.
15. "Í°=ò already Principal #° consult 7. "Í°=ò already "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†°Ç O inform
J~ò<Œ=ò. K͉§=ò.
We have already consulted the
Principal.
8. J`Ç_È° already bill pay K͉§_È°.
16. =¶ lecturers already syllabus „¬îië 9. P"³ ° already certificates receive
K͉§~¡°. KÍ‹¬°ä›½#ßk.
Our lecturers have already completed
10. "Œ~¡° already tickets book K͉§~¡°.
the syllabus.
17. <Í # ° already =¶ father ä› ½ letter 11. <Í # ° W„¬ æ \÷ = ~¡ ä › ½ D course …Õ
ã"Œ‹²<Œ#°. 15 classes H÷ attend J~ò<Œ#°.
I have already written a letter to my 12. "Í°=ò W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ ~¡¶. 10,000 =‹¬¶•°
father.
KÍ‹²<Œ=ò.
18. <Í#° W„¬æ\=÷ ~¡ä½› _•bÁ 4 ª•~¡°Á visit K͉§#°.
I have visited Delhi four times sofar.
13. =°#=ò W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ 200 H÷.g° ㄬ†Ç¶}O
KÍ‹²<Œ=ò.
19. ‹¬ z <£ >ÿ O _È ¶ •ø~Ÿ W„¬ æ \ ÷ = ~¡ ä › ½ 364
oneday matches P_•<Œ_È°. 14. =¶ English lecturer W„¬ æ \÷ = ~¡ ä › ½
Sachin Tendulkar has played 364 4 poems teach KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°.
oneday matches so far.
15. J`Ç _ È ° WO`Ç = ~¡ ä › ½ studies HË‹¬ O
20. †Ç°O_È=üi W„¬æ\=
÷ ~¡ä½› 60 „
Ì Qá ê #=••° ~¡¶. 50,000 Y~¡°ó KÍ‹²<Œ_È°.
ã"Œ‹²<Œ~¡°.
Yandamuri has written more than 60
novels so far. Z
Make hay while the sun shines. 64
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê „¬îië K͆°Ç x Hùxß „¬#°•#°
Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° WOHê exam. fee pay K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. J "Í°=ò WOHê x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ.
J P"³° WOHê Hê…èr…Õ KÍ~¡…è^ΰ. J "Œ~¡° WOHê P W•°Á MìmK͆ǰ…è^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê, WO`Ç =~¡ä½› K͆°Ç x „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOH›#¶ „¬îië K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Have / Has + not + (yet) 'III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'have'
He, She, It, - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'has' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° D~ËA WOHê newspaper 6. <Í#° J`Çx letterH÷ reply WOHê W=Þ…è^ΰ.
KÇ^Î=…è^ΰ. I have not yet given reply to his letter.
I have not yet read the newspaper 7. "Í ° =ò WOHê "Œi`Ë D q+¬ † Ç ° O
today. KÇióOKÇ…è^ΰ.
2. "Í°=ò D <³• WOHê house rent pay We have not yet discussed this matter
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. with them.
We have not yet paid the house rent 8. g°~¡ ° WOHê P bank …Õ loan clear
this month. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
3. =¶ brother WOHê degree „¬îiëK†
Í °Ç …è^°Î . You have not yet cleared the loan in
My brother has not yet completed his that bank.
degree. 9. "Œ~¡° WOHê JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Í~¡…è^ΰ.
4. P"³° WOHê =°=òà•#° party H÷ P‚¬ðÞxOKÇ They have not yet started there.
…è^ΰ. 10. =¶ father <Œä›½ D <³• WOHê money
She has not yet invited us to the party. „¬O„¬…è^ΰ.
5. Pinakini Express WOHê ~Œ…è^ΰ. My father has not yet sent me money
The Pinakini Express has not yet this month.
arrived.
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11. P"³° WOHê application form submit EXERCISE


K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
She has not yet submitted her
application form.
12. "Œ~¡° WOHê programme ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ…^è °Î . 1. <Í#° WOHê text books Hù#…è^ΰ.
They have not yet commenced the 2. "Í°=ò WOHê journey H÷ tickets book
programme. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
13. <Í # ° WOHê appointment orders 3. P"³° WOHê „¬îiëQê HË•°HË…è^ΰ.
JO^ΰHË…è^ΰ. 4. =¶ father WOHê office #°O_• uiy
I have not yet received the ~Œ…è^ΰ.
appointment orders.
5. "Œ~¡° WOHê D ~ËA shop `³~¡°=…è^ΰ.
14. "Í ° =ò WOHê function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á 6. <Í#° WOHê „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ English subject
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. prepare Hê…è^ΰ.
We have not yet made the
arrangements for the function.
7. "Í°=ò WOHê function H÷ ready J=…è^ΰ.
15. <Í#° WO`Ç =~¡ä›½ Delhi visit K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. 8. †Çüx=i•\© WOHê _•ãw „¦e¬ `Œ•° „ã H¬ \ › O÷ KÇ
I have not visited Delhi sofar.
…è^ΰ.
16. "Í°=ò WO`Ç=~¡ä½› D HË~¡°• …Õ XH› HêÁ‹°¬ 9. Government WOHê ordinance pass
䛕_¨ miss Hê…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
We have not missed a class in this 10. "Œ~¡ ° WOHê bank #°Oz money
course sofar. withdraw K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.

17. J`Ç_È° WO`Ç =~¡ä›½ XH› interview 䛕_¨ 11. <Í#° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ =°# C.M. Speech
attend Hê…è^ΰ. q#…è^ΰ.
He has not attended an interview 12. "Í ° =ò WO`Ç = ~¡ ä › ½ J`Ç x ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O
sofar. HË~¡…è^ΰ.
18. <Í # ° WO`Ç =~¡ ä › ½ W@°=O\÷ =¼H÷ ë x 13. J`Ç_È° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ XH› „¬sH›Æ 䛕_¨ pass
KǶ_È…è^ΰ. Hê…è^ΰ.
I have not seen such a person sofar.
14. P"³° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ XH› meeting H÷ 䛕_¨
19. "Í°=ò WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ J`Çxx H›•=…è^ΰ. ‚¬ð[~¡°Hê…è^ΰ.
We have not met him sofar.
15. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ XH› instalment 䛕_¨
20. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç =~¡ä›½ XH› programme 䛕_¨ pay K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ…è^ΰ.
They have not conducted any
programme sofar. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›~°¡ (just) W„¬C_Í Qêx, (already) WO`Ç䛽=òO^³„¬C_Ë Qêx, (ever)
Z„¬C_³á<Œ Qêh …èH› XH›„¬xx (sofar) W„¬æ\=
÷ ~¡ä½› Zxߪ•~¡°Á KÍ‹#
² k„
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô just W„¬C_Í •OKŸ f‹¬°ä›½<Œß"Œ? J J`Ç_È° Z„¬C_³á<Œ h䛽 ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O KÍ‹²<Œ_¨?
J g°~¡° already bill pay KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ? J h=ô W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß HêÁ‹¬°•ä›½ ‚¬ð[~¡° J~ò<Œ=ô ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 W„¬C_Í, WO`Çä½› =òO^³„C¬ _Ë, Z„¬C_³<
á Œ,
XH›~¡° KÍ‹²# „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 just W„¬ C _Í Qêx, already
WO`Ç䛽=òO^³„¬C_ËQêx, ever Z„¬C_³á<Œ Qêx sofar WO`Ç=~¡ä›½, W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ XH›~¡° „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 ('just now', 'already', 'ever', 'sofar')
" Have / Has + 'III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Have'
He, She, It, - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Has' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô just W„¬ C _Í D letter receive 6. g°~¡° already D q+¬†°Ç O KÇióOz<Œ~Œ?
KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß"Œ? Have you already discussed this
Have you received this letter just now? matter?
2. g°~¡ ° just W„¬ C _Í D „¬ x x „¬ î ië 7. h=ô Z„¬ C _³ á < Œ Pã Q ê
visit KÍ ‹ ² < Œ"Œ?
KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ? Have you ever visited Agra?
Have you finished this work just now? 8. g°~¡° Z„¬C_³á<Œ `Çq°ˆ˜<Œ_È° ZH±•ãÌ„‹¹…Õ
3. g° father just W„¬C_Í P„¦Ô‹¬°ä›½ "³o¤<Œ~Œ? ㄬ†Ç¶}OKÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
Has your father just gone to office? Have you ever travelled by the
4. h=ô already exam fee pay KÍ‹²<Œ"Œ? Tamilnadu Express?
Have you already paid the exam fee? 9. P"³° Z„¬C_³á<Œ q°=òà•#° "ŒiO\÷H÷
5. g° brother already P.G. „¬ î ië K Í ‹ ² P‚¬ðÞxOz#^¥?
†Çò<Œß_¨? Has she ever invited you to her house?
Has your brother already completed 10. "Œ~¡° Z„¬C_³<
á Œ D ‡é\©•…Õ ‡•…ç¾x<Œ~Œ?
his P.G. ? Have they ever participated in these
competitions?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô W„¬æ\=


÷ ~¡ä½› Zxß ª•~¡°Á interview H÷ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
attend J~ò<Œ=ô?
Howmany times have you attended
the interview sofar?
12. g°~¡° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß instalments pay 1. h=ô Hê…èl #°O_• just W„¬C_Í =zó<Œ"Œ?
KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°? 2. g°~¡° just W„¬C_Í WH›ø_È䛽 =zó<Œ~Œ ?
Howmany intalments have you paid
sofar ?
3. J`Ç _ È ° already Govt. job ‡ÚOk
13. D <³•…Õ W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ h=ô ZO`Ç _È|°Ä †Çò<Œß_¨?
Y~¡°ó KÍ‹²<Œ=ô? 4. P"³° already English Grammar <Í~¡°óHùx
Howmuch money have you spent this
month sofar ?
†Çò#ß^¥?
14. g° maths lecturer W„¬ æ \ ÷ = ~¡ ä › ½ Zxß 5. "Œ~¡ ° Z„¬ C _³ á < Œ D problem face
chapters complete KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°? KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
Howmany chapters has your Maths
lecturer completed sofar ? 6. h=ô Z„¬C_³á<Œ D item taste KÍ‹²<Œ"Œ?
15. q.q.†Ç°‹¹. •H›Æà}Ÿ W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ one day 7. „²<ŒH÷h ZH±•„Ì ã ‹¹ just W„¬C_Í "³o¤‡é~ò#^¥?
matches …Õ Zxß Ì‹OKÇs•° KÍ‹²<Œ_È° ?
Howmany centuries has VVS Laxman 8. "Œ~¡° programme just W„¬C_Í commence
made in one-day matches sofar ? KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
16. N †Ç°O_È=üi W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß #=••°
ã"Œ‹²<Œ_È° ? 9. h=ô already D news qx†Çò<Œß"Œ?
Howmany novels has Yandamuri 10. g° brother already training „¬îiëKÍ‹²
written sofar? †Çò<Œß_¨?
17. "Œ~¡° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ ƒì¼OH±…Õ ZO`Ç amount
deposit KÍ‹²<Œ~¡° ? 11. h=ô W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ D movie Zxߪ•~¡°Á
Howmuch amount have they KǶ‰§=ô?
diposited in the bank sofar ?
18. h=ô W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ Delhi Zxߪ•~¡°Á visit 12. J`Ç_È° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ studies 䛽 ZO`Ç
KÍ‹²<Œ=ô ? Y~¡°óKÍ‹²<Œ_È°?
Howmany times have you visited 13. =°#=ò W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß H÷…Õg°@~¡°Á
Delhi sofar ?
19. "Œ~¡° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß |°H±• publish ㄬ†Ç¶}O KÍ‹²<Œ=ò?
KÍ‹²<Œ~¡° ? 14. P"³ ° W„¬ æ \÷ = ~¡ ä › ½ Zxß letters type
Howmany books have they published KÍ‹²#k?
sofar ?
20. W„¬æ\=
÷ ~¡ä½› P†Ç°# Zxߪ•~¡°Á ZxßH•› …Õ 15. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ Zxß Hê~¡°Û•° „¬O„²}©
‡é\©K͉§~¡° ? KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°?
Howmany times has he contested in
the elections sofar ? Z
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 68
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô WOHê fee pay K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? J g°~¡° WOHê orders JO^ΰHË…è^¥ ?
J g° brother WOHê duty …Õ KÍ~¡…è^¥ ? J P"³° WOHê office #°Oz ~Œ…è^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOH›#° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê( yet ) K͆°Ç x
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject 'I' , We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Haven't ' =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Hasn't' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô WOHê lunch f‹¬°HË…è^¥ ? 6. "Œ~¡° WOHê D q+¬†Ç°=ò…Õ decision
Haven't you yet taken lunch ? f‹¬°HË…è^¥?
Haven't they yet taken a decision
2. g°~¡° WOHê D <³• rent pay K͆ǰ…è^¥?
in this matter ?
Haven't you yet paid house rent this
month ? 7. g°~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ Delhi visit K͆ǰ…è^¥?
3. J`Ç_È° WOHê xã^Î…è=…è^¥ ? Haven't you yet visited Delhi sofar?
Hasn't he yet woke up ? 8. J`Ç_È° WOHê job ‡ÚO^Î…è^¥ ?
4. h=ô WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ XH›ø interview 䛕_¨ Hasn't he yet got a job ?
face K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? 9. P"³° WOHê degree „¬îië K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
Haven't you faced even one Hasn't she yet completed her
interview sofar ? degree ?
5. Train WOHê ~Œ…è^¥ ? 10. P"³° WOHê college …Õ join J=…è^¥ ?
Hasn't the train yet arrived ? Hasn't she yet joined college ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h=ô WOHê books ZO^ΰ䛽 Hù#…è^ΰ ?
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why haven't you yet bought books?
12. g°~¡° WOHê D q+¬†°Ç O ZO^ΰ䛽 discuss
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 1. h=ô WOHê exam fee pay K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
Why haven't you yet discussed this 2. g°~¡ ° WOHê Jxß sujects prepare
matter ? J=…è^¥?
13. J`Ç_°È WOHê D <³• salary ZO^ΰ䛽 draw
3. J`Ç_È° WOHê office #°Oz uiy ~Œ…è^¥?
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
Why hasn't he yet drawn his salary 4. P"³° WOHê items `džǶ~¡° K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
this month ?
5. "Œ~¡° WOHê shop open K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
14. P"³° WOHê "Œix party H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 invite
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 6. =~¡ÂO WOHê PQ®…è^¥ ?
Why hasn't she yet invited them to 7. g°~¡° WOHê new house …ÕxH÷ shift
the party? Hê…è^¥ ?
15. Train WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 |†Ç°•°^Í~¡…è^ΰ ?
Why hasn't the train yet departed ? 8. h=ô WOHê D <³ • report submit
16. "Œ~¡° WOHê P house ZO^ΰ䛽 vacate K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ? 9. g° father D <³• h䛽 WOHê money
Why haven't they yet vacated that „¬O„¬…è^¥ ?
house ?
10. J`Ç_È° WOHê orders JO^ΰHù#…è^¥ ?
17. g°~¡ ° P loan WOHê ZO^Î ° ä› ½ clear
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 11. h=ô WOHê duty …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 KÍ~¡…è^ΰ ?
Why haven't you yet cleared that
12. g°~¡° WOHê P work ZO^ΰ䛽 finish
loan ?
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
18. "Œ~¡° WOHê WH›ø_•H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^°Î ?
Why haven't they yet come here ? 13. J`Ç_È° WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 licence 䛽
19. J`Ç_È° WOHê D ~ËA office H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 apply K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
"³ˆ×¤…è^ΰ ? 14. P"³° WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 ready J=…è^ΰ ?
Why hasn't he yet gone to office
today ? 15. "Œ~¡° WOHê P book ZO^ΰ䛽 publish
20. P"³° WOHê D <³• doctor x ZO^ΰ䛽 K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
consult Hê…è^ΰ ?
Why hasn't she yet consulted the
doctor this month ?
Z
Don't try to master too many things. 70
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Have' or 'Has' + III form of the
Verb Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Present Perfect Tense JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹°¬ 䛽O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
=°#=ò =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß ‹¬ = °†Ç ° =ò#ä› ½ just W„¬ C _Í Hêh, already WO`Ç ä › ½
=òO^³„¬C_ËHêx …èH› sofar WO`Ç=~¡ä½› XH› „¬xx Zxß ª•~¡°Á KÍ‹# ² n ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"have' or 'has' + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1.I have bought this purse justnow.2. We have already paid the bill.
3. He has written two books sofar. 4. She has already completed the course.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
=°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê (yet) „¬îië K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "havenot / hasnot + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I have not yet met him. 2. We have not yet taken lunch.
3. She hasnot yet recovered. 4. They havenot yet taken a decision.
3. QUESTION FORM :
=°#=ò =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß ‹¬ = °†Ç ° =ò#ä› ½ just W„¬ C _Í H êh, already WO`Ç ä › ½
=òO^³„C¬ _ËHêh, ever Z„¬C_³<
á ŒHêh, sofar WO`Ç=~¡ä½› XH› „¬xx Zxߪ•~¡°,Á ZO`Ç=~¡ä½›
KÍ‹²#n Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Have you finished this work just now? 2. Have you ever visited this place?
3. Has he ever helped you? 4.Have you appeared for the test two times sofar?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
=°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê (yet) „¬îiëK͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Haven't / Hasn't + III form of
the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Haven't you yet seen the new movie ? 2. Hasn't he yet got a job ?
3. Hasn't she yet gone to college ? 4. Haven't they yet paid the bill ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

121. ascend ascended ascended Z䛽ø@


122. ask asked asked J_È°Q®°@
123. assemble assembled assembled ‹¬=¶"͉×=°Q®°@
124. assist assisted assisted ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=òK͆Çò@
125. associate associated associated ‹¬‚¬ì"Œ‹¬=òK͆Çò
126. assume assumed assumed T‚²ìOKÇ°@
127. assure assured assured ‚¬ðg°WKÇ°ó@
128. astomish astomished astomished P‰×ó~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°@
129. attach attached attached JO\÷OKÇ°@
130. attack attacked attacked „Ì |á _È°, ^¥_•K͆ò
Ç @
131. attain attained attained ‡ÚO^ΰ@
132. attempt attempted attempted ㄬ†Ç°ußOKÇ°@
133. attend attended attended ‚¬ð[~¡Q®°@
134. attest attested attested ª•H›¼Æ =òK³„C¬ @
135. attract attracted attracted PH›iÂOKÇ°@
136. avoid avoided avoided x~Ëk•OKÇ°@
137. babble battled battled =^Î~¡°@
138. bake baked baked ~ù>ÿ“•° Hê•°ó@
139. bamish bamished bamished |‚²ì‹¬ø~¡}K͆Çò
140. beetch beetched beetched ã`Í#°æ@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
72 Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds.
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PAST PERFECT
XHùøH›øª•i =°#O XH›~°¡ Q®`OÇ …Õ „¬îië KÍ‹# ² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê „¬îië J~ò#
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
ï~O_È° „¬#°•° XH›ö~ KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó …èH› "Í~¡° "Í~¡° =¼ä›½ë•° KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
J <Í#° x#ß WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ, =¶ brother #° H›e‰§#°.
J "Í°=ò x#ß work start KÍÀ‹ =òO^ΰ, "Í°<Í[~¡° J#°=°u f‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò.
J <Í#° camera Hù<Í =òO^ΰ, ^¥xx ƒìQê test K͉§#°.
J "Í°=ò J`Çxx H›eÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, XH› x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²# ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~¡°Qêx „¬îiëKÍ‹²# ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ
=òO^ΰQê „¬îië J~ò# XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³#
á #° 'had + III form of the verb' L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° class H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ, lesson 5. <Í#° D college …Õ join J†Í°¼^¥xH÷
ƒìQê prepare J~ò<Œ#°. =òO^ΰ <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ KÇkq<Œ#°.
I had prepared the lesson well before I had studied in Nellore before I joined
I came to the class. this college.

2. x#ß "Í°=ò ï~á…èÞÀ‹“+¬<£H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ train 6. guests JO^Î~¡¶ "³o¤# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç J`Ç_È°
"³o¤‡é~ò#k. rest f‹¬°ä›½<Œß_È°.
The train had left before we went to He took rest after the guests had gone.
the railway station yesterday. 7. KŒ…ì books refer KÍ‹²# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç J`Ç_È°
3. <Í#° degree …Õ join J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ =òO^Í XH› book ã"Œ‰§_È°.
type <Í~¡°óHùx<Œ#°. He wrote a book after he had refered
I had learned type-writing before I to many books.
joined degree. 8. Notes Jhß
count KÍ‹²# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç <Í#°
4. x#ß <Í#° class H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iöH lecturer J`ÇxH÷ money pay K͉§#°.
attendance f‹²Hù<Œß~¡°. I paid him money after I had counted
The lecturer had taken the attendance all the notes.
before I went to the class yesterday.

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9. Lesson teach KÍ ‹ ² # `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç =¶ EXERCISE


teacher notes dictate K͉§~¡°.
Our teacher dictated the notes after he
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
had taught the lesson.
10. =¶ uncle `Ë discuss KÍ‹²# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç 1. h=ô <Œä›½ K³À„æ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í <Í#° D
<Í#° "Œix H›e‰§#°. "Œ~¡ë qx†Çò<Œß#°.
I met them after I had discussed with
my uncle. 2. J`Çxx "Œ~¡° ‚¬ð‹²æ@…˜H÷ f‹¬°ä›½ "³ˆõ¤^¥xH÷
11. Jxß U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹²# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç, "Í°=ò "ŒiH÷ =òO^Í, J`Ç_È° KÇx‡é†Ç¶_È°.
inform K͉§=ò.
We informed them after we had made
3. <Í#° x#ß interview H÷ "³ˆõ¤^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ,
all the arrangements. D book refer K͉§#°.
12. <Í#° WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ, =¶ 4. x#ß "Í°=ò theatre …ÕxH÷ "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷ show
friends room H÷ "³ˆì¤#°. "³ò^Î…ÿá#k.
I had gone to my friend's room before
I came here. 5. x#ß guests =KÍó‹¬iH÷ "Í°=ò Jxß U~Œæ@°Á
13. Guest •ä›½ serve KÍÀ‹=òO^ΰ P"³° P KÍ‹²†Çò<Œß=ò.
item taste KÍ‹²#k.
She had tasted the item before she 6. <Í#° WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ bank
served it to the guests. manager #° H›e‰§#°.
14. <Í#° P movie KǶÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ H›^ŠÎ 7. x#ß "Í°=ò auditorium H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ "Œ~¡°
KÇkq<Œ#°.
programme ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz<Œ~¡°.
I had read the story before I saw the
movie. 8. "Œ~¡° „¬x „¬îiëKÍÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, "Í°=ò
15. x#ß =~¡ÂO „¬_Í^¥xH÷ =òO^Í "Œ~¡° WO\÷H÷ "ŒiH÷ _È|°Ä K³eÁOKŒ=ò.
KÍ~¡°ä›½<Œß~¡°.
They had reached home before it 9. "Í ° =ò x#ß JH› ø _È |†Ç ° •°^Í ö ~ ^¥xH÷
rained. =òO^ΰ, "ŒiH÷ `³e†Ç°„¬iz<Œ=ò.
16. Camera Hù<Í^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ <Í#° ^¥xx
10. =¶ brother own business start
ƒìQê test KÍ‹²<Œ#°.
I had tested the camera well before I KÍ À ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Î ° work ƒìQê
bought it. <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß_È°.
17. <Í#° ~Œãu WO\÷H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ „²•Á•° xã^Î
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
Children had slept before I went home
last night.
Z
Sweet are the uses of adversity. 74
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #䛽
WOHê „¬îië Hêx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê degree …Õ join J=…è^ΰ. J "Í°=ò J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D W•°Á Hù#…è^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D town H÷ shift Hê…è^ΰ. J P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä›½ „¬îië K͆ǰx „¬#°•#°‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° „À ~ùø#°KǶ J#Qê x#ß\÷ =~¡ä½› , Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O=~¡ä½› , Q®`Ç
<³• =~¡ä½› , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =~¡ä½› …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡Hï #á #¶ XH›~°¡ „¬îië K͆°Ç x
XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + not + (Yet) + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject –> Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'had not (yet) III form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D Hê…èl…Õ KÍ~¡…è^ΰ. 6. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê D L^˼Q® O
I had not yet joined this college by ‡ÚO^Î…è^ΰ.
then. He had not yet got this job by then.
2. "Í ° =ò J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê À ‹ “ + ¬ < £ ä › ½ 7. <Í#° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D scooter Hù#…è^ΰ.
KÍ~¡°Hù#…è^ΰ. I had not yet bought this scooter by
We had not yet reached the station then.
by that time. 8. "Í ° =ò J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê D "Œ¼‡•~¡ O
3. g°~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ä›½ D q+¬†Ç°O ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ…^è °Î .
`³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ…è^ΰ. We had not yet started this business
You had not yet informed us this news by then.
by then. 9. =¶ brother J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê marriage
4. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê _¨H›“~Ÿ#° consult KÍ‹¬°Hù#…è^ΰ.
Hê…è^ΰ. My brother had not yet got married by
She had not yet consulted the doctor then.
by then. 10. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê KÇ^ΰ=ô „¬îië K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
5. J„¬æ¬\÷H÷ WOHê =~¡ÂO PQ®…è^ΰ. She had not yet completed her
The rain had not yet stopped by then. studies by then.

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11. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê Hê~¡¼Hã =› °O ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ EXERCISE


…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
They had not yet commenced the
programme by then.
12. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê <Í#° xã^Î…è=…è^ΰ. 1. <Í#° J„æ¬\÷H÷ WOHê English grammar
I had not yet woken up by that time.
<Í~¡°óHË…è^ΰ.
13. "Í ° =ò J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê D ‹¬ O ‹¬ Ö # ° 2. "Í°=ò J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê lunch f‹¬°HË…è^ΰ.
ª•Ö„O² KÇ…^
è °Î . 3. =¶ sister J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê M.Phil
We had not yet established this firm
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
by then.
14. J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê N KÇOã^΃ì|° =òY¼=°Oãu 4. J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê licence H÷ apply
J=…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
Sri Chandra Babu had not yet become 5. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D book publish
chief-minister by then.
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
15. J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê <Í#° D message
JO^ΰHË…è^ΰ. 6. <Í#° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê major Hê…è^ΰ.
I had not yet received this message 7. "Í°=ò J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D work „¬îië
by then. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
16. "Í°=ò J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê D house construct
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. 8. g°~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ.
We had not yet constructed this 9. J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê VISA ‡ÚO^Î…è^ΰ.
house by then.
10. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê U.S.A. "³ˆ×Á…è^ΰ.
17. =¶ lecturers J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê syllabus
„¬îië K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. 11. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê chief guest ‹¬ƒ•’…Õ
Our lecturers had not yet completed =¶\ìÁ_È…è^ΰ.
the syllabus by then. 12. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê cards distribute
18. Z<£ . \÷ . ~Œ=¶~Œ=ô J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
~Œ[H©†Ç¶•…ÕxH÷ ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ…è^ΰ.
Sri N.T. Rama Rao had not yet entered 13. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê items `džǶ~¡°
into politics by then. K͆ǰ…è^ΰ.
19. „
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ=ò J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê D ordinance 14. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê Manager Office H÷
pass K͆ǰ…è^ΰ. ~Œ…è^ΰ.
The government had not yet passed
this ordinance by then.
15. J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê train q[†Ç°"Œ_È À‹“+¬<£H÷
KÍ~¡°HË…è^ΰ.
20. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê WH›ø_Èä½› KÍ~°¡ Hù#…è^°Î .
They had not yet reached here by
then.
Z
A stitch in time saves nine. 76
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›~°¡ „¬îië KÍ‹#
² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê J~ò# „¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß h=ô JH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷, "Œ~¡° „¬x ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz<Œ~Œ ?
J h=ô station H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í ‹¬iH÷, train "³o¤ ‡é~ò#^¥ ?
J g°~¡° JH›ø_È |†Ç°•° ^Íö~=òO^ΰ, "ŒiH÷÷ inform KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ ?
J h=ô Q®=~¡ß"³°O\˜ *샘 ‡ÚO^Í^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ, D Hê…èl…Õ „¬xKÍ‹²<Œ"Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ „¬îië KÍ‹#
² ~ï O_È°„¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê „¬îië KÍ‹#
² „¬xx „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ KÍ‹#² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê „¬îiëK‹Í #² XH›
„¬xx „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + 'III form of the Verb" L„¬†¶ ³ yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Had' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. h=ô WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍ=
ó òO^ΰ manager #° 5. <Í#° K³À„æ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í h=ô D news
consult J~ò<Œ"Œ? `³•°‹¬°ä›½<Œß"Œ?
Had you consulted the Manager Had you known this news before I told
before you came here? you ?
2. J`ÇxH÷ money pay KÍÀ‹=òO^ΰ notes 6. ‹¬ÞO`Ç "Œ¼‡•~¡O ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ\ìxH÷ =òO^ΰ
count KÍ‹²<Œ"Œ? h=ô work <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß"Œ?
Had you counted the notes before you Had you learned the work before you
paid him money? started your own business?

3. Computer course join J†Í ° ¼=òO^Î ° 7. ~Œãu =~¡ÂO „¬_^Í ¥xH÷ =òO^Í g°~¡° WO\÷H÷
course Q®°iOz enquire KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ? KÍ~¡°ä›½<Œß~Œ ?
Had you enquired about the computer Had you reached home before it rained
course before you joined it? last night?

4. letter post KÍÀ‹=òO^ΰ h=ô address


8. D x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°ä›½<Í =òO^ΰ h=ô g°
father `Ë discuss K͉§"Œ ?
check KÍ‹²<Œ"Œ?
Had you discussed with your father
Had you checked the address before
before you took this decision?
you posted the letter?

77
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

9. Class H÷ =KÍ=
ó òO^ΰ h=ô ZH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆì¤=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Where had you gone before you came
to the class?
10. D H›OÌ„h…Õ join J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ 1. Class H÷ =KÍó =òO^ΰ, lesson ƒìQê
h=ô ZH›ø_È work KÍ‹²<Œ=ô?
Where had you worked before you prepare J~ò<Œ"Œ ?
joined this company?
2. JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íö~=òO^ΰ g°~¡° "ŒiH÷
11. D work ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÍ =òO^ΰ g°~¡° Z=i
inform KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ ?
„¬ià+¬<£ f‹¬°ä›½<Œß~¡°?
Whose permission had you taken 3. g°~¡° station H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ train move
before you started this work?
12. x#ß h=ô press ^ÎQ®¾~¡ä›½ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ J`Ç_È° J~ò#^¥ ?
Zxß cards ㄲO\˜KÍ‹² †Çò<Œß_È°? 4. J`Ç_È° degree complete KÍÀ‹ ^¥xH÷
Howmany cards had he printed =òO^Í type „¬sH›Æ pass J~ò<Œ_¨ ?
before you went to the press?
13. Clinic H÷ "³ˆõ¤=òO^ΰ Uq° f‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ô? 5. "Œ~¡ ° =KÍ ó ‹ ¬ i H÷ g°~¡ ° work finish
What had you taken before you went KÍ‹²<Œ~Œ?
to the clinic?
14. <Í#° K³À„æ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í h=ô D q+¬†Ç°O 6. g°~¡° press H÷ "³ˆ¤õ‹i¬ H÷ J`Ç_°È cards print
Z…ì `³•°‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ô? KÍ‹²<Œ_¨ ?
How had you known this news before
I told you? 7. g°~¡° D town H÷ shift J†Í°^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ
15. h=ô D job ‡ÚO^Í^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ h䛽 ZH›ø_È x=tOz<Œ~¡° ?
Z=~¡° ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°?
Who had helped you before you got 8. Own business start KÍÀ‹ =òO^ΰ h=ô
this job? work ZH›ø_È <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ô ?
16. D Hê…è*…˜ Õ join J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ h=ô
ZH›ø_È KÇkq<Œ=ô? 9. h=ô WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍ=
ó òO^ΰ Z=ix consult
Where had you studied before you J~ò<Œ=ô ?
joined this college?
17. g°~¡° "Œix H›eÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ "Œ~¡° 10. g°~¡ ° D town H÷ shift J†Í ° ^¥xH÷
ZO`Ç amount collect KÍ‹²†Çò<Œß~¡°? =òO^ΰ Guntur …Õ Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°
Howmuch amount had they collected x=tOz <Œ~¡°?
before you met them?
18. WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó =òO^ΰ h=ô g° father `Ë
Uq° discuss KÍ‹²<Œ=ô?
What had you discussed with your
father before you came here?
Z
As you sow, so you reap. 78
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê college …Õ KÍ~¡…è^¥ ? J g°~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D town H÷ shift Hê…è^¥?
J J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D job ‡ÚO^Î…è^¥ ? J P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê office H÷ "³ˆ×¤…è^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„C¬ KǶ, P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê J„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä½› „¬îië
K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Hadn't + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Hadn't+III form of the Verb' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. J„¬æ\÷H÷ h=ô WOHê Inter „¬îië K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? 6. J„¬æ\÷H÷ J`Ç_È° WOHê x#°ß H›•=…è^¥ ?
Hadn't you yet completed Intermediate Hadn't he yet met you by then ?
by then ? 7. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê g°~¡° D town H÷ shift
2. J„¬æ\÷H÷ g°~¡° WOHê D message Hê…è^¥?
JO^ΰHË…è^¥ ? Hadn't you yet shifted to this town by
Hadn't you yet received this message then ?
by then ? 8. J„¬æ@H÷ "Œ~¡° WOHê function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á
3. J„¬æ\÷H÷ P"³° WOHê WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ…è^¥ ? K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
Hadn't she yet come here by that time? Hadn't they yet made arrangements for
4. J„¬æ\÷H÷ "Œ~¡° WOHê D business start the function by that time ?
K͆ǰ…è^¥ ? 9. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê h=ô D scooter Hù#…è^¥?
Hadn't they yet started this business Hadn't you yet bought this scooter by
by then ? then ?
5. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ h=ô WOHê permission 10. J„¬æ\÷H÷ "Œ~¡° WOHê D house construct
f‹¬°HË…è^¥? K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
Hadn't you yet taken permission by Hadn't they yet constructed this house
then? by then ?

79
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
ZO^ΰ䛽 inform K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
Why hadn't you yet informed them
this matter ? 1. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D x~¡â†Ç°O
12. g°~¡ ° J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê JH› ø _È ZO^Î ° ä› ½ f‹¬°HË…è^¥ ?
|†Ç°•°^Í~¡…è^ΰ ? 2. g°~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê licence ‡ÚO^Î…è^¥ ?
Why hadn't you yet started there by
then ? 3. J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê xã^Î…è=…è^¥ ?
13. J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê bill ZO^ΰ䛽 pay
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ? 4. P"³ ° J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê studies „¬ î ië
Why hadn't he yet paid the bill by then? K͆ǰ…è^¥?
14. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 office H÷ 5. Train J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê station H÷ KÍ~°¡ HË…è^¥?
"³ˆ×¤…è^ΰ ?
Why hadn't she yet gone to office by 6. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D book publish
that time ? K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
15. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P work ZO^ΰ䛽 7. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D news q#…è^¥ ?
„¬îiëK͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
Why hadn't they yet finished the work 8. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê promotion
by that time ? ‡ÚO^Î…è^¥?
16. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê "Œi`Ë D q+¬†Ç°O
ZO^ΰ䛽 discuss K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ? 9. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê programme
Why hadn't you yet discussed this "³ò^Ε°Ì„@“…è^¥ ?
matter with them by then ?
10. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê bill pay K͆ǰ…è^¥ ?
17. g°~¡ ° J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê cards ZO^Î ° ä› ½
distribute K͆ǰ…è^ΰ? 11. h=ô J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê salary ZO^ΰ䛽 draw
Why hadn't you yet distributed the K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
cards by then ?
18. P†Ç°# J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 file clear 12. g°~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê work ZO^ΰ䛽 finish
K͆ǰ…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
Why hadn't he yet cleared the file by
13. J`Ç_°È J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 h䛽 money
then ?
19. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 P course …Õ „¬O„¬…è^ΰ ?
KÍ~¡…è^ΰ ? 14. P"³° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê "Œix ZO^ΰ䛽 invite
Why hadn't she joined the course by K͆ǰ…è^ΰ ?
then?
20. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 JH›ø_•H÷ 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 JH›ø_È䛽
KÍ~¡…è^ΰ ? KÍ~¡°HË…è^ΰ ?
Why hadn't they yet reached there
by then ? Z
Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned. 80
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ ''Had' + III form of the
Verb" Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Past Perfect Tense JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹°¬ 䛽O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò „¬îiëKÍ‹²# ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê „¬îië
KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 'Had' + III form of the Verb L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I had finished my work before I went out.
2. We had known the news before you told us.
3. He had gone out before I went there.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„¬CKǶ J„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ WOHê „¬îiëK͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Had + not+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I had not yet got this job by then.
2. We had not yet received the message by that time.
3. He had not yet completed his studies by then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò „¬îië KÍ‹²# ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê
KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Had + III form of the
Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Had you taken lunch before you came here ?
2. Had you booked the tickets before they came here ?
3. Had you counted the notes before you paid him money ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„¬CKǶ J„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ WOHê „¬îië K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Hadn't + III form of the
Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Hadn't you yet woke up by that time ?
2. Hadn't he yet got ready by then ?
3. Hadn't they yet commenced the programme by that time ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning
140. beetch beetched beetched ã`Í#°æ@
141. believe believed believed #=òà@
142. bellow bellowed bellowed ~¡OïH"͆Çò@
143. belong belonged belonged #=òà@
144. blend blended blended H›•°„¬ô@
145. booze boozed boozed q°ug°i ã`ŒQ®°@
146. borrow borrowed borrowed J„¬CQê f‹¬°Hù#°@
147. boycott boycotted boycotted |‚²ì‹¬øiOKÇ°@
148. breathe breathed breathed ‰§Þ‹²OKÇ°@
149. cajole cajoled cajoled ‡Úy_• "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°
150. calculate calculated calculated …ÿH›øÌ„@“@
151. cancel cancelled cancelled ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò@
152. canvas canvassed canvassed ‡ã •^•Í†°Ç „¬_°È @
153. capture captured captured ª•Þn•#=òKÍ‹°¬ Hù#°
154. carry carried carried "³¶‹¬°Hùx‡é=ô@
155. cease ceased ceased x•°„¬ô@
156. celebrate celebrated celebrated [~¡°„¬ôHù#°@
157. certify certified certified „¬ã`Ç=ò WKÇ°ó@
158. chant chanted chanted ‡•_È°@
159. cheat cheated cheated "³¶‹¬„¬ôKÇ°ó@
160. chew chewed chewed #=°•°@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
82 Ability is of little account without opportunity.
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FUTURE PERFECT
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› Yzó`"
Ç °³ #
Ø ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• „¬îiëK†
Í ò
Ç ^ΰ=ò.
P „¬xx Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• „¬îië K͆Çò^Î"³¶ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO …Õ„¬• q[†Ç°"Œ_È KÍ~¡°ä›½O\ì#°.
J "Í°=ò next Monday …Õ„¬• report `dž¶Ç ~¡°Kͪ•ë=ò.
J "Œ~¡° g°ä›½ =KÍó 15th …Õ„¬• orders „¬O„¬ô`Œ~¡°.
J <Í#° ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• D answers Jhß <Í~¡°ó䛽O\ì#°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› Yzó`"
Ç °³ #
Ø ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• „¬îië K͆ò
Ç „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› Yzó`"Ç °³ #Ø ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• J#Qê ~ö „¬ôQêx, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•,
=KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬•<³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ „¬îië
K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Will have + III form' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• D #=• KÇk"ͪ•ë#°. 6. "Œ~¡° =KÍó <³• …Õ„¬• family <³•¶Á~°¡ H÷ shift
I will have read this novel by tomorrow. Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
2. "Í°=ò next week …Õ„¬• D work finish They will have shifted their family to
Kͪ•ë=ò. Nellore by next month.
We will have finished this work by next 7. Nagarjuna University next 15th …Õ„¬•
week. Degree results announce KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
3. g°~¡ ° next Monday …Õ„¬ • orders Nagarjuna University will have
JO^ΰ䛽O\ì~¡°. announced the Degree results by 15th
You will have received the orders by of next month.
next Monday. 8. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ inform
4. =¶ brother next May …Õ„¬• degree „¬îië Kͪ•ë#°.
Kͪ•ë_°È . I will have informed you by tomorrow
My brother will have completed his evening.
degree by next May. 9. "Í°=ò next Sunday …Õ„¬• D cards Jhß
5. P"³° ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• XOQË•°H÷ uiy =‹¬°Oë k. distribute Kͪ•ë=ò.
She will have returned to Ongole by We will have distributed all these
tomorrow. cards by next Sunday.

83
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10. J`Ç_È° next Monday …Õ„¬• duty …Õ join EXERCISE


J=ô`Œ_È°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
He will have joined duty by next
Monday.
11. "Œ~¡ ° next week …Õ„¬ • D bill pay 1. "Í°=ò next month …Õ„¬• Jxß lessons
KÍ‹
À ª•ë~°¡ . prepare J=ô`Œ=ò.
They will have paid the bill by next 2. "Œ~¡° =KÍó "Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• P road repair
week. KÍ‹À ª•ë~°¡ .
12. "Í°=ò next December …Õ„¬• D loan 3. =KÍó =¶ió …Õ„¬• „ ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO teacher posts
clear KÍ‹
À ª•ë=ò. ƒ•’së KÍ‹À ‹¬°Oë k.
We will have cleared this loan by next 4. "Œ~¡° D <³…ìY~¡° …Õ„¬• P book publish
December. KÍ‹À ª•ë~°¡ .
13. P"³° D ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• D letters 5. D train ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO 9'O' clock …Õ„¬•
Jhß type KÍ‹¬°ëOk. _••bÁ KÍ~°¡ 䛽O@°Ok.
She will have typed all these letters 6. =¶ English lecturer D <³ … ìY~¡ ° H÷
by this evening. syllabus complete Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
14. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO …Õ„¬• function H÷ 7. "Œ~¡° next December …Õ„¬• P house
U~Œæ@°Á Kͪ•ë=ò. construct KÍ‹ À ª•ë~°¡ .
We will have made the arrangements 8. "Í°=ò ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ =‹¬°= ë ô•° deliver
for the function by tomorrow morning. Kͪ•ë=ò.
15. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• D notes 9. =¶ mother WOHùH› Q®O@…Õ lunch H÷ Jxß
"ã ŒÀ‹ª•ë#°. items `dž¶ Ç ~¡° Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
I will have written this notes by 10. =KÍó XH›@= `Ín …Õ„¬• "Í°=ò D W•°Á
tomorrow evening. Mìm Kͪ•ë=ò.
16. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO 9 'O' clock …Õ„¬• 11. =¶ uncle next December …Õ„¬• U.S.A.
Q®°O@¶~¡° KÍ~¡°ä›½O\ì~¡°. "³o¤‡é`Œ~¡°.
They will have reached Guntur by 9'O' 12. =KÍó 5th …Õ„¬• J`Ç_È° salary draw
clock tomorrow morning. Kͪ•ë_°È .
17. "Í°=ò ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ XH› 13. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• doctors P"³°#° hospital
x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°ä›½O\ìO. #°O_• discharge Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
We will have taken a decision in this 14. <Í#° g° amount =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬•
matter by tomorrow. repay Kͪ•ë#°.
18. "Í°=ò next Monday …Õ„¬• Collector 䛽 15. "Œ~¡ ° next month 10th …Õ„¬• _•ãw
report submit Kͪ•ë=ò.
admission list announce Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
We will have submitted the report to
the Collector by next Monday.
Z
Example is better than precept. 84
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QUESTION FORM
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› Yzó`" Ç °³ #
Ø ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• „¬îië K͆ò Ç ^ΰ=ò.
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• XH›~°¡ „¬îië K͆ò Ç XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• g°~¡° D „¬xx „¬îië Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
J =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• J`Ç_°È XOQË•°H÷ uiy =ª•ë_¨ ?
J Next June …Õ„¬• P"³° degree „¬îië KÍ‹¬°ëO^¥ ?
J ö~„¬ô evening …Õ„¬• g°~¡° D bill pay Kͪ•ë~Œ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°O…Õ„¬• XH›~°¡ „¬îië K͆ò
Ç „¬#°•#°
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• J#Qê ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬•, =KÍó "Œ~¡O …Õ„¬•, =KÍó
<³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …Õ„¬• „¬îië K͆òÇ XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note :
I, We - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Shall have'
You, He, She, It, They - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Will have' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• x~¡†
â °Ç O f‹¬°ä›½O\ì"Œ? 6. h=ô ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO…Õ„¬• D letters type
Will you have taken a decision by Kͪ•ë"Œ?
tomorrow ? Will you have typed these letters by
2. g°~¡° next month …Õ„¬• D W•°Á Mìm this evening?
Kͪ•ë~Œ ? 7. g°~¡° next week …Õ„¬• orders receive
Will you have vacated this house by KÍ‹¬°ä›½O\ì~Œ?
next month ? Will you have received the orders by
3. g° brother next Monday …Õ„¬• duty join next week?
J=ô`Œ_¨ ? 8. g° lecturers next January …Õ„¬ •
Will your brother have joined duty by syllabus „¬îië Kͪ•ë~Œ?
next Monday? Will the lecturers have completed the
syllabus by next January?
4. P"³° next month …Õ„¬• D subject 9. g°~¡° next week …Õ„¬• college H÷ report
prepare J=ô`Ç°O^¥?
submit Kͪ•ë~Œ?
Will she have prepared this subject
Will you have submitted the report to
by next month?
the college by next week ?
5. "Œ~¡° =KÍó _•Ì‹O|~Ÿ …Õ„¬• D house 10. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• cards Jhß distribute
construct Kͪ•ë~Œ? Kͪ•ë~Œ?
Will they have constructed the house Will they have distributed all the cards
by next December? by tomorrow ?

85
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• D course „¬îië D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Kͪ•ë=ô?
When will you have completed this
course ?
12. g°~¡° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• new house …ÕH÷ shift
1. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• g°~¡° =¶ä›½ g° x~¡â†Ç°O
J=ô`Œ~¡° ? `³e†Ç°*誕ë~Œ ?
When will you have shifted to the new 2. WO@sà_•†³°\˜ ƒÕ~ŸÛ "Í° 31 …Õ„¬• „¦e¬ `Œ•°
house? ㄬH›\÷‹¬°ëO^¥ ?
13. D train Z„¬ æ \÷ …Õ„¬ • Chennai
3. =KÍ ó <³ • …Õ„¬ • J`Ç _ È ° promotion
KÍ~¡°ä›½O@°Ok ?
When will this train have reached
‡ÚO^ΰ`Œ_¨ ?
Chennai ? 4. =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …Õ„¬• "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È bridge
14. J`Ç_È° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• certificates receive xiકë~Œ ?
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O\ì_È° ? 5. Next Monday …Õ„¬• g°~¡° D bill pay
When will he have received the
certificates ?
Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
15. P"³° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• WH›ø_•H÷ uiy =‹¬°Oë k? 6. ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• g°~¡° g°\÷OQ·H÷ Jxß
When will she have returned here ? U~Œæ@°Á Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
16. D <³…ìY~¡° …Õ„¬• g°~¡° ZO`Ç amount 7. ö~„¬ô 7 p.m. …Õ„¬• "Œ~¡° programme
collect Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? ‡ã •~¡Oa•ª•ë~Œ ?
Howmuch amount will you have
collected by the end of this month ? 8. D <³• PY~¡° …Õ„¬• g°~¡° Jxß lessons
17. Next Saturday …Õ„¬• "Œ~¡° Zxß files revise Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
clear Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? 9. h=ô Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• D book KÇk"ͪ•ë=ô ?
Howmany files will they have cleared
10. g°~¡° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• tickets book Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
by next Saturday ?
18. =KÍó 15= `Ín …Õ„¬• h=ô Zxß new 11. J`Ç_È° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• iHê~ŸÛ work „¬îië
policies book Kͪ•ë=ô ? Kͪ•ë_°È ?
Howmany new policies will you have 12. P"³ ° Z„¬ æ \ ÷ …Õ„¬ • D dress stitch
booked by next 15th ? KÍ‹¬°ëOk ?
19. =KÍó _•Ì‹O|~Ÿ …Õ„¬• "Œ~¡° bank …Õ ZO`Ç
amount deposit Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
13. =KÍó <³• …Õ„¬• g°~¡° …Õ<£ ‡ÚO^ΰ`Œ~Œ?
Howmuch amount will they have 14. =KÍó "Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• h=ô Zxß lessons
deposited in the bank by next prepare J=ô`Œ=ô ?
December?
15. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• "Œ~¡° Zxß copies print
20. "Œ~¡° Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• D ãHù`Çë book publish Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
Kͪ•ë~°¡ ?
When will they have published this
new book ? Z
He who follows two hares catches neither. 86
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Will + have + III form of the Verb"
Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Future Perfect Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1. Positive
Form 2. Question Form J#° 2 parts <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. D 2 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹°¬ 䛽O^¥=ò.

1. POSITIVE FORM :

ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• XH›~¡° „¬îië K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 'Will have' + III form of the Verb L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :

1. I will have done this workly tomorrow.

2. We will have completed the course by next week.

3. He will have cleared the file by next Monday.

4. They will have distributed cards by tomorrow.

2. QUESTION FORM :

ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• XH›~¡° „¬îië K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 'Will have' + III form of the Verb L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :

1. Will you have received the orders by next week?

2. Will he have joined the duty by next 5th?

3. Will she have written the novel by next June?

4. Will they have made arrangements by next week?

87
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

161. circulate circulated circulated "Œ¼„²O„¬K͆Çò@


162. clarify calrified calrified q=iOzK³„¬C@
163. climb climbed climbed Z䛽ø@
164. close closed closed =ü†Çò@
165. co-operate co-operated co-operated ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ°@
166. collapse collapsed collapsed „¬_•‡é=ô@
167. collect collected collected À‹H›iOKÇ°@
168. command commanded commanded P*ìý„²OKÇ°@
169. commence commenced commenced P~¡Oa•OKÇ°@
170. comment commented commented "Œ¼Mì¼#=òK͆Çò
171. communicate communicated communicated `³e†Ç°*è†Çò
172. compare compared compared ‡é•°ó@
173. compel comepelled comepelled =uë_•K͆òÇ @
174. compete comepted comepted ‡é\©K͆Çò@
175. compile compiled compiled 䛕~¡°æK͆Çò@
176. comlain complained complained „¦¬V~Œ¼^ΰK͆Çò@
177. compose composed composed 䛕~¡°æK͆Çò@
178. conceal concealed concealed ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼=òQê LOKÇ°@
178. concentrate concentrated concentrated ã‰×^ÎœKǶ„¬ô@
179. conclude concluded concluded =òyOKÇ°@
180. confirm confirmed confirmed Hê†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡°
H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 2 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß
"ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
88 A journey of thousand miles begins with a single step.
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò WOH›#°
continuous Qê K͆Çò KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. XH› „¬xx =°#=ò Zxß ~ËA•°Qê, ZO`Ç Hê•OQê, Z„¬æ\÷
#°O_• K͆ò Ç KÇ°#ßn W`Ç~°¡ •ä›½ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°Oz D notes `džǶ~¡° K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß#°.
J "Í°=ò <Œ•°Q®° <³•• #°Oz D room …Õ LO@°<Œß=ò.
J L^ΆǰO #°Oz "Œ~¡° T.V. …Õ match KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
J 1990 #°Oz =¶ father D business KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz, „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ WOH›#° continuous
Qê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ß „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë=ô#ß XH› „¬xx ZO`Ç
Hê•OQêJ#Qê Zxß Q®O@•°Qê, Zxß ~ËA•°, Zxß <³••°, Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ßn
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have been / Has been + Verb + 'ing' form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject –> I, We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'have been',
Subject –> He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'has been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° <Œ•°Q®° <³•• #°Oz English 5. "Œ~¡° <Œ•°Q®° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• #°Oz D
grammar <Í~¡°ó䛽O@°<Œß#°. Hê•h…Õ x=t‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
I have been learning English They have been living in this colony
grammar for four months. for four years.
2. "Í°=ò ï~O_È° <³•• #°Oz bank test H÷ 6. ‡é~ò# ªé=°"Œ~¡O #°Oz WH›ø_È =~¡ÂO
prepare JQ®°KÇ°<Œß=ò. „¬_È°KÇ°#ßk.
We have been preparing for the bank It has been raining here since
test for two months. Monday last.
3. =¶ brother 1995 #°Oz POã^•¥ƒì¼OH± 7. <Í#° L^Ά°Ç O 7 Q®OII• #°Oz =¶ friend
…Õ „¬x KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°. HË‹¬O Z^ΰ~¡°KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
My brother has been working in the I have been waiting for my friend
Andhra Bank since 1995. since 7 a.m.
4. P"³ ° ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA• #°Oz [Þ~¡ O `Ë 8. "Í°=ò ï~O_È° <³•• #°Oz water
ƒì^•Î„_¬ °È KÇ°#ßk. problem face KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò.
She has been suffering from fever for We have been facing water problem
two days. for two months.

89
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9. =¶ mother ï~O_È° <³•• #°Oz Homeo- EXERCISE


pathic medicines f‹¬°ä›½O@°#ßk.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
My mother has been taking
Homeopathic medicines for two 1. <Í#° XH› Q®O@ #°Oz WH›ø_È bus HË‹¬O
months. wait KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
10. <Í#° ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• #°Oz govt. 2. "Í°=ò ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°Oz pending files
job HË‹¬O try KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°. clear KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò.
I have been trying for a government 3. P"³° 11 'O' clock #°Oz letters type
job for two years. KÍ‹¬°ë#ßk.
11. "Í°=ò ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°Oz function H÷ 4. =¶ friend KŒ…ì ~ËA•°Qê <Œä›½ help
U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ò. KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
We have been making arrangements 5. =¶ lecturers "Œ~¡O ~ËA• #°Oz =¶ä›½
for the function for two days. special HêÁ‹¬°•° f‹¬°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
6. x#ß \ ÷ #°Oz <Í # ° D book refer
12. =¶ father Q®`Ç 8 ‹¬OII•°Qê D business KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
7, ï~O_È° <³•• #°Oz <Í#° English Ì„á
My father has been doing this
concentrate K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß#°.
business for the past eight years.
8. P"³ ° XH› <³ • ~ËA•°Qê XH› #=•
13. „¬ k xq°+¬ = ò• #°Oz telephone ã"Œ‹¬°ë#ßk.
ã"³¶Q®°KÇ°#ßk. 9. "Œ~¡° XH› ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O #°Oz =¶ä›½ ƒìQê
The telephone has been ringing for ‹¬‚¬ìH›i‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
ten minutes.
10. <Í # ° J~¡ Q ® O @ #°Oz D serial
14. J`Ç_È° L^ΆǰO #°Oz P T.V. set repair KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß#°.
K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß_È°. 11. ‡•s“ Jƒ•’¼~¡°Ö•° ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°Oz
He has been repairing that T.V. set WO\÷O\÷H÷ ㄬKŒ~¡O KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
since morning. 12. ªÏ~¡ƒ˜ Q®OQ®¶b Q®`Ç P~¡° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê
15. =¶ uncle Q®`Ç 12 ‹¬OII•°Qê lawyer Qê ãH÷ïH\˜ P_È°KÇ°<Œß_È°.
practise K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß~¡°. 13. "Í°=ò ~ï O_È° ~ËA• #°Oz D workshop
My uncle has been practising as a x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ë<Œß=ò.
lawyer for the past twelve years. 14. _•ãw q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° "Œ~¡O ~ËA• #°Oz
HêÁ‹¬°•° |‚²ì+¬øi‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°.
16. <Í # ° ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA• #°Oz D #=•
KÇ^ΰ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°. 15. =¶ grand father ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê
cancer `Ë ƒì^•Î„_ ¬ °È KÇ°<Œß~°¡ .
I have been reading this novel for two
days.
Z
No pains, No gains. 90
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx Zxß~ËA•°Qê K͆°Ç _ÈO…è^Ë, ZO`ÇHê•OQê
KÍ‹¬°ëO_È_ÈO…è^Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° <Œ•°Q®°~ËA•#°O_• Hê…èlH÷ "³ˆ¤× _ÈO…è^°Î .
J J`Ç_°È ~ï O_È° "Œ~Œ•#°O_• duty H÷ attend J=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
J P"³° <Œ•°Q®°~ËA•#°Oz P‚¬ð~¡O f‹¬°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° 1998 #°O_• D town …Õ x=tOKÇ_ÈO …è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`Ç Hê•=òQê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# =°#=ò KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx
Z„¬æ\÷#°O_• K͆°Ç _ÈO…è^Ë, Zxß~ËA•°Qê K͆òÇ @…è^Ë, ZO`ÇHê•OQê K͆òÇ @…è^Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Have / Has + not + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : I, We, You, They - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'have,


He, She, It, - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'has' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : Q®`Ç HùO`ÇHê•OQê KÍ‹¬¶ë =ô#ß XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 positive …Õ
"have been + 'ing' form" =KÇ°ó#°. Hêx Negative …Õ 'been + 'ing' form …è䛽O_¨
"have / has + not + III form L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ~ï O_È°~ËA•#°O_• computer class 6. "Œ~¡° "Œ~¡O~ËA•#°O_• shop open
H÷ attend J=_ÈO…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
I have not attended the computer They have not opened the shop for
class for two days. one week.
2. "Í°=ò „¬k~ËA• #°Oz ãH÷ïH\˜ practice 7. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç =ü_È°‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• #°O_• school
K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. Annual Day celebrate K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
We have not practised cricket for ten They have not celebrated the school
days. Annual Day for the past three years.
3. P`Ç_È° <Œ•°Q®° <³•• #°Oz room rent 8. <Í # ° last Monday #°O_• J`Çxx
pay K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. H›•°=…è^ΰ.
He has not paid room rent for four I have not met him since Monday last.
months. 9. "Í°=ò E<£ 1 #°O_• =¶ =î~¡° "³ˆ¤…× ^
è °Î .
4. P"³° x#ß\÷#°O_• =¶WO\÷H÷ ~Œ…è^ΰ. We have not gone to our village since
She has not come to our house since June 1st.
yesterday. 10. J`Ç_°È ~ï O_È° <³•• #°O_• studies Ì„á
5. =ü_È° <³••°Qê WH›ø_È =~ŒÂ•° „¬_È…è^ΰ. concentrate K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
It has not rained here for three months. He has not concentrated on his
studies for two months.

91
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11. P"³ ° <Œ•°Q® ° ~ËA•#°O_• P‚¬ ð ~¡ O EXERCISE


f‹¬°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
She has not taken food for four days.
12. <Í # ° ï ~ O_È ° <³ • • #°O_• films
KǶ_È_ÈO…è^ΰ. 1. <Í#° <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA• #°Oz Hê…èrH÷ "³ˆ¤@ × O
I have not seen films for two months. …è^ΰ.
13. "Í°=ò XH› ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O#°O_• J`Çx`Ë move 2. "Í°=ò ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• #°O_• U
Hê=_ÈO…è^ΰ. ‹¬=°‹¬¼ Z^ΰ~Ëø=@O …è^ΰ.
We have not moved with him for one 3. J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz J`Ç_È° HêÁ‹¬°•ä›½ miss
year. Hê…è^ΰ.
14. J`Ç _ È ° "Œ~¡ O ~ËA•#°O_• exercise 4. J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz P"³° =¶`Ë =¶\ìÁ_@ È O …è^°Î .
K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA• #°O_• q^•Î°•ä›½
He has not taken exercise for one ‚¬ð[~¡=@O…è^ΰ.
week.
6. =¶ father ï~O_È° <³•• #°O_• <Œä›½
15. "Œ~¡° ~ï O_È° <³•• #°O_• programmes money „¬O„¬@O …è^ΰ.
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 7. 1998 #°Oz "Œ~¡° WH›ø_È x=tOKÇ@O
They have not conducted the
…è^ΰ.
programmes for two months.
8. ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• #°O_• N<Œ^•£ one day
16. <Í#° HùO`ÇHê•O #°Oz J`ÇxH÷ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO matches P_È@O …è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ.
I have not helped him for sometime.
9. P"³° <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA• #°O_• Z=i`Ë#¶
=¶\ìÁ_È@O …è^ΰ.
17. J`Ç_È° XH› ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O#°O_• ZH›ø_¨
„¬xK͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 10. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç HùO`Ç Hê•OQê q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½
scholarships K³eÁOKÇ@O…è^ΰ.
He has not worked anywhere for one
year. 11. <Í#° Q®`Ç ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• #°O_• U
competitive exam H© appear Hê…è^ΰ.
18. "Í ° =ò P~¡ ° <³ • •#°O_• P car use
K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 12. "Í°=ò J„¬æ\÷ #°O_• J`Çx q+¬†°Ç O *ÕH›¼O
We have not used that car for six KÍ‹¬°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
months. 13. =òx‹²‡•e\© "Œ~¡° 4 ~ËA• #°O_• h~¡°
19. HùO`Ç H ê•OQê =¶ brothers <Œä› ½ ‹¬~¡„¦¬~Œ K͆ǰ@O …è^ΰ.
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ_ÈO…è^ΰ. 14. P"³° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O #°O_• H›^•ÎŠ ° "ã Œ†Ç°@O
My brothers have not co-operated …è^ΰ.
with me for sometime. 15. Doctor ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°O_• clinic H÷
20. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬OII• #°O_• accounts ‹¬iQê ~Œ=@O …è^ΰ.
maintain K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ.
They have not maintained the
accounts for the past five years.
Z
Idle man's brain is devil's workshop. 92
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QUESTION FORM
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ WOH›#¶
continuous Qê K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ=ò. XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx Zxß ~ËA•°Qê, ZO`Ç Hê•OQê, Z„¬æ\÷
#°O_• K͆ò Ç KÇ°#ßn „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô WH›ø_È Q®O@ #°Oz wait K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß"Œ?
J g°~¡° 1998 #°Oz D town …Õ x=t‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ ?
J g° brother ~ï O_È° ‹¬OI #°O_• job KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_¨ ?
J P"³° x#ß\÷ #°Oz [Þ~¡O`Ë ƒì^•Î„_¬ °È KÇ°#ß^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz WOH›#¶ KÍ‹¶
¬ #
ë ß „¬#°•#°
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë=ô#ß XH› „¬xx Zxß
~ËA•°Qê, Zxß <³••°Qê, Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê, ZO`Ç Hê•OQê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ßn ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has + been + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject –> 'I' 'We' 'You' 'They' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Have been'
'He', 'She', 'It' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Has been' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß\÷ #°O_• D notes `džǶ~¡° 6. "Œ~¡ ° 1985 #°O_• D ‹¬ O ‹¬ Ö # °
K͆ÇòKÇ°<Œß"Œ ? x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ ?
Have you been preparing this notes Have they been maintaining this firm
since yesterday ? since 1985 ?
2. g°~¡° "Œ~¡O ~ËA• #°O_• results HË‹¬O 7. h=ô ~ï O_È° <³•• #°O_• Spoken English
Z^ΰ~¡° KǶ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ ? HêÁ‹¬°•ä›½ ‚¬ð[~¡Q®°KÇ°<Œß"Œ ?
Have you been waiting for the results Have you been attending the Spoken
for one week ? English classes for two months ?
3. g° brother ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• #°O_• 8. h=ô 2002 #°O_• job HË‹¬ O try
Vizag …Õ LO@°<Œß_¨ ? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß"Œ?
Has your brother been staying in Vizag Have you been trying for a job since
for two years ? 2002?
4. P"³ ° Q® ` Ç <Œ•°Q® ° ~ËA• #°O_• 9. 10 ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• #°O_È• h=ô D scooter
L„¬"Œ‹¬=òO@°#ß^¥ ? use KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß"Œ ?
Has she been fasting for the last four Have you been using this scooter for
days? ten years ?
5. Q® ` Ç ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA•°Qê WH› ø _È =~¡ Â O 10. 1995 #°O_• P"³° D school …Õ teacher
„¬_È°KÇ°#ß^¥ ? Qê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ë#ß^¥ ?
Has it been raining here for the last Has she been working as a teacher
two days ? in this school since 1995 ?
93
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h=ô ZO`Ç Hê•OQê D L^˼Q® O
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Howlong have you been doing
this job ? 1. g°~¡° Q®`Ç ªé=°"Œ~¡O #°O_• [#àƒ•’¶q°
12. g°~¡ ° ZO`Ç Hê•OQê D WO\ÕÁ Hê~¡¼Hã =
› °O…Õ ‡•…ç¾O@°<Œß~Œ ?
x=t‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ? 2. h=ô ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA• #°Oz D #=•
Howlong have you been living in this
house ?
KÇ^ΰ=ôKÇ°<Œß"Œ ?
13. g° sister Z„¬æ\÷ #°O_• K³<ßá…
³ Õ KÇ^°Î =ô 3. g° father ï ~ O_È ° <³ • • #°O_• D
KÇ°#ßk ? medicines f‹¬°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ ?
Howlong has your sister been 4. P"³° L^ΆǰO #°Oz special items
studying in Chennai ? `džǶ~¡° K͆ÇòKÇ°#ß^¥ ?
14. J`Ç_È° ZO`Ç Hê•OQê cancer `Ë ƒì^•Î„_
¬ °È 5. "Œ~¡ ° Q® ` Ç "Œ~¡ O ~ËA•°Qê „¬ O _È ° Q®
KÇ°<Œß_È° ? [~¡°„¬ô䛽O@°<Œß~Œ ?
Howlong has he been suffering from
6. h=ô x#ß\÷ #°O_• D book HË‹¬ O
cancer ?
15. ZO`Ç Hê•OQê "Œ~¡° D problem face
"³^Î䛽KÇ°<Œß"Œ ?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ? 7. g°~¡° "Œ~¡O ~ËA• #°O_• practicals
Howlong have they been facing this KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~Œ ?
problem ? 8. J`Ç_°È ~ï O_È° <³•• #°O_• final exams H÷
16. h=ô WH›ø_È ZO`Ç À‹„¬\÷ #°O_• wait prepare JQ®°KÇ°<Œß_¨ ?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô ? 9. ZO`Ç H ê•OQê g°~¡ ° books publish
Howlong have you been waiting
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ?
here ?
17. ZO`Ç Hê•OQê g°~¡ ° WH› ø _È English
10. ZO`ÇHê•OQê J`Ç_È° lawyer Qê practise
<Í~¡°ó䛽O@°<Œß~¡° ? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È° ?
Howlong have you been learning 11. P"³° Z„¬æ\÷ #°O_• g°ä›½ Hindi teach
English here ? KÍ‹¬°ë#ßk ?
18. P"³ ° Z„¬ æ \ ÷ #°Oz movies …Õ act 12. "Œ~¡ ° Z„¬ æ \ ÷ #°O_• strike …Õ
KÍ‹¬°ë#ßk? ‡•…ç¾O@°<Œß~°¡ ?
Howlong has she been acting 13. h=ô D course Z„¬æ\÷ #°Oz KÍ‹°¬ < ë Œß=ô?
in movies ?
19. "Œ~¡° Z„¬æ\÷ #°Oz g°ä›½ D material
14. ZO`Ç Hê•OQê g°~¡° D =‹¬°ë=ô•° sale
supply KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ?
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡° ?
Howlong have they been supplying 15. Dravid Z„¬ æ \ ÷ #°Oz team x lead
you this material ? KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È° ?
20. J`Ç _ È ° ZO`Ç Hê•OQê hä› ½ help
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È° ?
Howlong has he been helping you ?
Z
Every cloud has a silver lining. 94
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx HùO`ÇHê•=òQê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê q㉧Ou f‹¬°HË=@O …è^¥ ?
J g°~¡° ~ï O_È° <³••°Qê bill pay K͆ǰ@O…è^¥ ?
J J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz g°ä›½ help K͆ǰ@O …è^¥?
J P"³° KŒ…ì ~ËA• #°Oz WH›ø_È LO_È@O…è^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ HùO`Ç Hê•=òQê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx Q®`OÇ …Õx HùO`Ç Hê•=òQê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject I, We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Haven't' =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Hasn't' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ~ï O_È° ~ËA• #°O_• classes H÷ attend 6. Jan 1st #°O_• h=ô g° T~¡° "³ˆ¤… × ^
è ¥?
Hê=@O…è^¥? Haven't you gone to your village since
Haven't you attended the classes for Jan 1st ?
two days ? 7. g°~¡° Q®`Ç ï~O_È° <³••°Qê salary draw
2. g°~¡° <Œ•°Q®° <³•• #°Oz house rent pay K͆ǰ@O…è^¥?
K͆ǰ@O…è^¥? Haven't you drawn salary for the past
Haven't you paid house rent for four two months ?
months ? 8. P"³° J„¬æ\÷ #°O_• g° WO\÷H÷ ~Œ=@O …è^¥?
3. J`Ç_È° J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz h䛽 help K͆ǰ@O Hasn't she come to your house since
…è^¥? then ?
Hasn't he helped you since then ? 9. Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° <³••°Qê WH›ø_È =~¡ÂO „¬_È_ÈO
4. P"³° x#ß L^Ά°Ç O #°O_• food f‹¬°HË=@O …è^¥?
…è^¥? Hasn't it rained here for the past four
Hasn't she taken food since yesterday
months ?
morning ?
5. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç ï~O_È° <³••°Qê games practise 10. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡ Hê•OQê Ganguly matches
K͆ǰ@O…è^¥? P_È@O …è^¥?
Hasn't Ganguly played matches for the
Haven't they practised the games for
past one year ?
the last two months ?

95
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê h=ô class H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
~Œ=@O …è^ΰ ?
Why haven't you come to the class for
the past two days ? 1. ï~O_È° <³••°Qê g° father h䛽 money
12. Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê "Œ~¡° shop ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬O„¬@O…è^¥?
open K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ? 2. ï~O_È° <³••°Qê h=ô movies KǶ_È@O
Why haven't they opened the shop for
the last four days ?
…è^¥?
13. Q®`"
Ç Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê J`Ç_°È duty H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 3. KŒ…ì ~ËA•°Qê g°~¡° J`Çxx H›•=…è^¥?
attend Hê=@O…è^ΰ ? 4. KŒ…ì ~ËA•°Qê h=ô "ŒiH÷ letters
Why hasn't he attended the duty for the ã"Œ†Ç°…è^¥?
past one week ?
14. Q®`Ç Hùxß <³••°Qê h=ô studies Ì„á ZO^ΰ䛽 5. Q®`Ç 6 <³••°Qê g°~¡° bank #°O_• money
concentrate K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ? withdraw K͆ǰ…è^¥?
Why haven't you concentrated on your
studies for the past few months ? 6. Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° <³••°Qê "Œ~¡° g°ä›½ salary
15. P"³° Q®`Ç 10 ~ËA•°Qê Hê…èlH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 K³eÁOKÇ@O…è^¥?
"³ˆ×¤@O…è^ΰ ? 7. x#ß\÷ #°Oz h=ô Ug° f‹¬°HË…è^¥?
Why hasn't she gone to college for the
8. J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz J`Ç_°È h`Ë =¶\ìÁ_@ È O…è^¥?
past ten days ?
16. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê classes 9. Q®`Ç 10 ~ËA•°Qê h=ô J`Çxx ZO^ΰ䛽
ZO^ΰ䛽 x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ@O…è^ΰ ? H›•=…è^ΰ?
Why haven't they conducted the 10. h=ô Jan-1 #°O_• g° T~¡° ZO^ΰ䛽
classes for the past four days ? "³ˆ×¤…è^ΰ?
17. Q®`Ç Hùxß <³••°Qê g°~¡° <Œ`Ë ZO^ΰ䛽
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ@O…è^ΰ ? 11. Q® ` Ç 6 <³ • •°Qê g°~¡ ° instalments
Why haven't you co-operated with me ZO^ΰ䛽 pay K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ?
for the past few months ?
18. Q® ` Ç ï ~ O_È ° „¬ ~ Œ¼†Ç ° =ò•°Qê P†Ç ° # 12. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡ Hê•OQê "Œ~¡° g°ä›½ material
ZO^ΰ䛽 ZxßH›•…Õ ‡é\© K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ? ZO^ΰ䛽 supply K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't he contested in the 13. ï~O_È° ~ËA• #°O_• h=ô temple H÷
elections for the past two times ?
ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ×¤_ÈO…è^ΰ?
19. Q®`Ç Hùxß <³••°Qê J`Ç_È° ZH›ø_¨ ZO^ΰ䛽
„¬xK͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ ? 14. <Œ•°Q®° <³•• #°O_• g°~¡° monthly report
Why hasn't he worked any where for ZO^ΰ䛽 submit K͆ǰ…è^ΰ?
the past few months ?
20. J„¬æ\÷ #°O_• h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 "Œi q+¬†°Ç O…Õ 15. ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• #°O_• P"³° birthday
*ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË=@O…è^ΰ? ZO^ΰ䛽 celebrate KÍ‹¬°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
Why haven't you interefered in their
matter since then ?
Z
Adversity introduces a man to himself. 96
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Have / Has + been + Verb
+ 'ing ' form " Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Present Perfect Continuous
Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form
4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ㇕~¡Oa•Oz ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOH›#°
continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "have / has + been +
Verb + ' ing ' form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I have been doing this job for two years.
2. We have been facing this problem for one month .
3. He has been staying with us since July.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`Ç HùO`ÇHê•OQê =°#=ò KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 (P „¬xx
ZO`Ç Hê•OQê KÍ † Ç ò @…è ^ Ë) "have / has + not+ III form of the Verb"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I have not met him for two days.
2. We have not come here since Sunday last.
3. He has not sent me money for two months.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ㇕~¡Oa•Oz ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOH›#¶
continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ë#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Have /
Has + been + Verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Have you been trying for a job for two years ?
2. Has he been helping you for a long time ?
3. Have they been practising this game since Monday last ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`ÇHê•OQê =°#=ò KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Haven't you gone to office for five days ?
2. Hasn't he met you since Monday last ?

97
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

181. congratulate congratulated congratulated Ja•#OkOKÇ°@


182. conjure conjured conjured Qê~¡_™K͆ǰ@
183. connect connected connected H›•°„¬ô@
184. conquer conquered conquered [~òOKÇ°, ïQ•°KÇ°
185. consider considered considered „¬iQ®}÷OKÇ°@
186. consist consisted consisted H›ey†ÇòO_È°@
187. conspire conspired conspired 䛽ã@„¬#°ß
188. construct constructed constructed xiàOKÇ°@
189. consult consulted consulted ‹¬OㄬkOKÇ°@
190. consume consumed consumed qx†³¶yOKÇ°
191. continue continued continued Hù#ª•yOKÇ°
192. contribute contributed contributed KÇO^¥WKÇ°ó@
193. convert converted converted =¶~¡°ó@
194. convey conveyed conveyed `³e†Ç°*è†Çò@
195. convince convineced convineced X„²æOKÇ°@
196. create created created xiàOKÇ°, ‹¬$+²“OKÇ°
197. criticise criticised criticised q=°iÅOKÇ°@
198. cry cried cried U_È°ó@
199. cultivate cultivated cultivated ª•Q®°K͆ò Ç @
200. dance danced danced #$`ǼOK͆Çò@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
98 A good beginning makes a good ending.
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS


=°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²# ï~O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz `³e†Ç°*è†Çò KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. XH› „¬x „¬îië
J~ò#k. ï ~ O_È = „¬ x "³ ò ^Î \ ÷ „¬ x H› O >è =òO^Î ° HùO`Ç H ê•OQê continuous Qê
[~¡°Q®°KǶO_•#k.
J <Í#° x#ß =¶ friend room H÷ "³ˆ‹Áõ i¬ H÷, J`Ç_°È ~ï O_È° Q®O@•#°O_• lessons KÇ^°Î =ô KǶO_•<Œ_È°.
J "Í°=ò x#ß auditorium H÷ "³ˆÁõ ‹¬iH÷, J„¬æ\÷H÷ „¬k xq°‘•• #°Oz chief guest =¶\ìÁ_È°
KÇ°O_•<Œ_È°.
J x#ß ‹².†Ç°O. =KÍ‹ó i¬ H÷, J„¬æ\÷H÷ J~¡QO® @ =òO^ΰQê<Í „ã [¬ •° ground …Õ gather JQ®° KÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx ZO`ÇHê•OQê
KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•<Œ"³¶ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ „¬îië KÍ‹#² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ "³ò^Î\÷ „¬xx ~ï O_È=
„¬xH›O>è =òO^ΰ continuous Qê ZO`Ç Hê•OQê, ZxßQ®O@•°, Zxß ~ËA•°, Zxß <³••° =òO^ΰQê
KÍ‹¬°ë#ßn ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + been + Verb + 'ing' form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'had been + 'ing' form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß class H÷ "³ˆõÁ ‹¬iH÷, J~¡Q®O@ 4. =¶ brother Q®=~¡ß"°³ O@° job ‡ÚO^Í^¥xH÷
=òO^ΰ #°OKÍ lecturer lesson teach =òO^ΰ ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê private
KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°. school …Õ „¬xKÍ‹°¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
The lecturer had been teaching the My brother had been working in a
lesson for half-an-hour before I went to private school for two years before he
the class yesterday. got the govt. job.
2. "Í°=ò x#ß ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ ground H÷ KÍ~°¡ 䛽<Í 5. "Í°=ò last week Mysore KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í^¥xH÷
‹¬iH÷ ï~O_È°Q®O@• =òO^ΰ#°O_Í "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰ ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê JH›ø_È =~¡ÂO
match P_È°`ǶO_•<Œ~¡°. „¬_°È `ǶO_•#k.
They had been playing the match for It had been raining there for two days
two hours before we reached the before we reached Mysore last week.
ground yesterday evening.
6. <Í#° x#ß press H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ XH›
3. "Í°=ò Ongole town H÷ shift J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ Q® O @ #°O_• J`Ç _ È ° cards print
=òO^ΰ, <Œ•°Q®° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•#°Oz KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
Q®°O@¶~¡°…Õ x=t‹¬¶Oë _•<Œ=ò. He had been printing the cards for one
We had been living in Guntur for four hour before I went to the press.
years before we shifted to Ongole town.

99
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7. "Œ~¡° course "³ò^Ε°Ì„>è“ ^¥xH÷ "Œ~¡O EXERCISE


=òO^ΰ #°O_• admissions f‹¬°ä›½O D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
@°O_•<Œ~¡°.
They had been taking the admissions
1. x#ß =¶ WO\÷H÷ guests =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ
for one week before they commenced
ï~O_È° Q®O@• #°Oz =¶ mother items
the course.
`dž¶Ç ~¡° KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•#k.
8. <Í#° last month J`Çxx H›eÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ 2. Train =KÍó^¥xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ#°O_Í <Í#°
„¬k~ËA• =òO^ΰ#°O_• J`Ç_°È fever `Ë platform g°^Î wait KÍ‹°¬ O ë _•<Œ=ò.
ƒì^•Î„_¬ °È KÇ°<Œß_°È . 3. "Í°=ò x#ß theatre H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷, Q®O@
He had been suffering from fever for =òO^ΰ #°OKÍ JH›ø_È KŒ• =°Ok queue
ten days before I met him last month. …Õ x•|_• L<Œß~°¡ .
9. <Í#° ~Œãu WO\÷H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í ^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° 4. x#ß Prime Minister =KÍó^¥xH÷ ï~O_È°
Q® O @• =òO^Î ° #°O_Í „² • Á • ° xã ^ Î Q®O@• =òO^ΰ #°O_• ~ŒR <Œ†Ç°ä›½•°
‡é`ǶO_•<Œ~¡°. airport ^ÎQ®¾~¡ wait KÍ‹°¬ O
ë _•<Œ~¡°.
Children had been sleeping for two 5. x#ß <Í#° college H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ J„¬æ\÷H÷
hours before I reached home last night. ï~O_È° Q®O@• =òO^ΰ #°OKÍ clerk stu-
dents H÷ hall tickets issue KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•<Œ_È°.
10. P"³° Delhi "³ˆõ¤^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ <Œ•°Q®°
<³•• #°Oz WH›ø_È Hindi <Í~°¡ ó 䛽O@¶O_• 6. P film shooting ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÍ ^¥xH÷ <³•
#k. ~ËA• =òO^ΰ #°O_• "Œ~¡° H›^¥Š KÇ~ó•¡ °
She had been learning Hindi here for [~¡°„¬ôKǶO_•<Œ~¡°.
four months before she went to Delhi. 7. J`Çx father retire J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ ï~O_È°
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• =òO^ΰ#°O_Í J`Ç_°È job
11. <Í#° meeting hall H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ Q®O@ KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
=òO^ΰ #°O_• "Œ~¡° P q+¬†°Ç O discuss 8. <Í#° x#ß office H÷ "³ˆ¤õ^¥xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°. #°O_Í P"³° letters type K͆òÇ KÇ°O_•#k.
They had been discussing the matter
for one hour before I went to the
9. <Í#° x#ß JH›ø_Èä½› "³ˆ¤õ‹i¬ H÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ
meeting hall.
#°O_• "Œ~¡° function H÷ ready JQ®°
KÇ°<Œß~¡°.
12. J`Ç_È° x#ß =¶ WO\÷H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ Q®O@ 10. <Í#° x#ß class 䛽 "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ J~¡Q®O@
=òO^ΰ #°Oz "Í°=ò chess P_È°`Ƕ =òO^ΰ #°O_• lecturer lesson explain
=ô<Œß=ò. KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°.
We had been playing chess for one
hour before he came to our house
yesterday. Z
Flattery is the food of fools. 100
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx HùO`ÇHê•=ò =~¡ä½› XH›~°¡ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz, P „¬xx ZO`Ç Hê•=òQê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ßk ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ~ï O_È° Q®O@•°Qê JH›ø_È rest f‹¬°ä›½O@¶O_•<Œ~Œ ?
J J`Ç_È° D job ‡ÚO^Í ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ 2 ‹¬OII•°Qê private company …Õ „¬x KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ_¨ ?
J g°~¡° work ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÍ =òO^ΰ ~ï O_È° Q®O@•°Qê "Œi`Ë KÇi‹ó ¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬x †³òH›ø Hê•=ò#°
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`ÇO…Õx ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä›½ continuous Qê
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz P „¬x ZO`ÇHê•OQê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ"³¶ „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + been + Verb + ing form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Had been' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
4. Programme ㇕~¡Oa•OKÍ^¥xH÷ Q®O@
1. h=ô WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° Q®O@•
=òO^Î ° Qê "Œ~¡ ° tickets issue
=òO^Î ° Qê WO\÷ ^Î Q ® ¾ ~ ¡ home-work KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ?
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ"Œ?
Had they been issuing the tickets for
Had you been doing home-work for two
one hour before they commenced the
hours before you came here ?
programme ?
2. H÷ appear J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° <³••
Test
5. Guests =KÍ ó ^¥xH÷ ï ~ O_È ° Q® O @•
=òO^ΰQê g°~¡° prepare J=ô`¶Ç O_•<Œ~Œ? =òO^Î ° Qê g°~¡ ° JH› ø _È U~Œæ@°Á
Had you been preparing for the test for KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ?
two months before you appeared for the Had you been making arrangements for
test ? two hours before the guests came ?
3. Train =KÍó^¥xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰQê g°~¡° 6. D company …Õ join J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ P~¡°
station …Õ wait KÍ ‹ ¬ ¶ ë O _•<Œ~Œ? <³ • •° =òO^Î ° Qê h=ô Hyd. …Õ
Had you been waiting for one hour at „¬xKÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ"Œ?
the station before the train arrived ? Had you been working in Hyd. for six
months before you joined this company?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

7. g°~¡° D town H÷ shift HêH›=òO^ΰ ZO`Ç D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê•OQê Hyd …Õ x=‹²‹¬¶ëO_•<Œ~¡° ?
Howlong had you been living in 1. h=ô class H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ half an hour #°Oz
Hyderabdad before you shifted to this teacher lesson teach KÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ?
town ?
2. D room …ÕxH÷ shift J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ
8. Manager =KÍó ^¥xH÷ ZO`Ç‹ À „¬\÷ #°O_• 6 <³••°Qê h=ô g° uncle WO\ÕÁ stay
KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ"Œ?
h=ô WH›ø_È wait KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß=ô ?
Howlong had you been waiting here 3. h=ô theatre H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰQê
before the manager came ? "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È queue …Õ x•|_• =ôO_•<Œ~Œ?
9. WH› ø _È Join J†Í ° ¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Î ° 4. D post …Õ join J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ h=ô
ZO`Ç H ê•OQê h=ô JH› ø _È KÇ ^ Î ° =ô ZO`ÇHê•OQê training ‡ÚO^ΰ`ǶO_•<Œ=ô?
KÇ°O_•<Œ=ô ? 5. g° father retire J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`Ç
Howlong had you been studying there
Hê•OQê h=ô job KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ=ô?
before you joined here ?
6. WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó ^¥xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ #°O_•
10. Class H÷ attend J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ g°~¡° JH›ø_È chess P_È°`ǶO_•<Œ~Œ?
ZO`Ç À ‹ „¬ \ ÷ #°Oz h=ô lessons
7. g°~¡° JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ Hù<Í ^¥xH÷ ~ï O_È° Q®O@•
KÇ^°Î =ô`Ç°O_•<Œ=ô ? =òO^Î ° #°O_• JH› ø _È =~¡  O
Howlong had you been reading the „¬_°È KǶO_•#^¥?
lessons before you attended the class ?
8. Minister =KÍ ó ^ ¥xH÷ ï ~ O_È ° Q® O @•
11. Final match P_Í^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ g°~¡° Zxß =òO^ΰQê "Œ~¡° U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~Œ?
~ËA•°Qê game practise KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°? 9. KÇx‡é†Í° ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`Ç Hê•OQê
Howlong had you been practising the g° grand father business KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _•<Œ~¡°?
game before you played the final match?
10. National team …ÕxH÷ selection ‡ÚO^Í
12. Business start KÍÀ‹^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ J`Ç_È° ^¥xH÷ ZO`Ç Hê•OQê Sachin cricket
ZO`ÇHê•OQê „¬x <Í~°¡ äó ½› O@¶O_•<Œ_È°? P_È°`ǶO_•<Œ_È°?
Howlong had he been learning work
before he started business?
Z
A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend. 102
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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS


=°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°#=ò ‹¬¶zOKÇ° XH› „¬x K͆ò Ç @ H›O>è =òO^ΰ, "Í~ùH› „¬x ‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’"°³ Ø
HùO`Ç Hê•OQê continuous Qê [~¡°Q®°`Ƕ LO@°Ok. =°#=ò ‹¬¶zOKÇ° D ï~O_È° „¬#°•°
"Íö~Þ~¡° =¼ä›½ë•° K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó …èH› XH›ö~ ï~O_È° „¬#°•° K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
J Ì‹•=ô•° ㄬH›\÷OKÍ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ„¬k ~ËA•°Qê =¶ …ÿH›ó~¡~Ÿ• =¶ä›½ special classes
f‹¬°ä›½O\ì~¡°.
J <Í#° WO@~¡¶ÞH÷ "³ˆ^Áõ ¥xH÷ "Œ~¡O~ËA• =òO^ΰ #°O_• books refer KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°.
J Independence Day H÷ ï~O_È° ~ËA• =òO^ΰ#°O_Í, "Í°=ò P celebrations HË‹¬O U~Œæ@°Á
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È° XH› „¬xx ZO`ÇHê•OQê
K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ"³¶ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ =°#=ò ‹¬¶zOKÇ° XH› „¬x [~¡°Q®°@ H›O>è =òO^ΰ ㇕~¡Oƒ•’"³°Ø
continuous Qê HùO`Ç Hê•OQê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È° "Í~ùH› „¬xx Q®°iOz K³„¬C@䛽
"Will have + been + Verb + 'ing' form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'will have + been + 'ing' form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. „¬ s H› Æ • ° "³ ò ^Î • †Í ° ¼^¥xH÷ J~¡ Q ® O @ 4. Function ‡
ã •~¡Oa•OKÍ^¥xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ
=òO^ΰ #°O_• invigilators q^¥¼~¡°Ö• hall #°Oz "Í°=ò function hall decorate
tickets verify KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì=ò.
The invigilators will have been We will have been decorating the
verifying the student hall-tickets for function hall for one hour before we
half-an hour before they commence the start the function.
examination. 5. "Œ~¡° product #° =¶ï~ø\˜…ÕxH÷ q_È°^Ε
KÍÀ‹^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° <³•• =òO^ΰ #°OKÍ
2. "Œ~¡° programme "³ò^Ε°Ì„>è^
“ ¥xH÷ Q®O@ orders book KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
=òO^ΰ #°O_• ‡•‹¹•° issue KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì~¡°. They will have been booking the
They will have been issuing the orders for two months before they
passes for one hour before they release the product into the market.
commence the programme. 6. ㄬ^Î~¡Å# "³ò^Ε° J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ J~¡Q®O@
3. Promotion =KÍó^¥xH÷ 6 <³•• =òO^ΰQê =òO^ΰ#°OKÍ ãÀ„H›Æ䛽•° ‚¬ð…˜…Õ ä›•~¡°óx
<Í#° training ‡ÚO^ΰ`Ç°O\ì#°. LO\ì~¡°.
I will have been undergoing training The audience will have been sitting
in the hall for half-an-hour before they
for six months before I get a promotion.
begin the show.

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EXERCISE
7. =¶ father India H÷ uiy =KÍó^¥xH÷ XH›
‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O =òO^Î ° #°O_Í <Í # ° job D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°.
I will have been doing job for one year
before my father returns to India.
1. „¬sH›•Æ ° "³ò^Ε° J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ <³•
~ËA• #°Oz =¶ lecturers lessons Jhß
8. Jƒ•’¼~¡°Ö•O^Î~¡¶ „¬sH›Æ ‚¬ð•°…ÕxH÷ revise KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
=KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ XH› Q®O@ #°O_Í "Œ~¡°
seating U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. 2. Australia tour "³ˆõ¤^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ 15
They will have been making seating ~ËA• #°Oz Indian Cricket players
arrangements for one hour before the Madras …Õ practise KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
candidates come into the exam hall.
3. Admission list ㄬH›\÷OKÍ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ
9. Doctor clinic H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ Q®O@
#°O_• patients P†Ç°#HË‹¬O Z^ΰ~¡° ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê "Œ~¡° application forms
KǶ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. verify KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
The patients will have been waiting 4. Train |†Ç°•°^Í~¡_¨xH÷ Q®O@ =òO^ΰ
for one hour before the doctor comes
#°OKÍ ã„¬†Ç¶}÷䛽•° `Ç=° ‹Ô@Á…Õ ä›•~ùóx
to the clinic.
LO\ì~¡°.
10. Office H÷ |†Ç°•° ^Íö~ ^¥xH÷ XH› Q®O@
=òO^ΰ #°O_Í <Í#° WO\÷ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ files 5. ö~„¬ô Class H÷ "³ˆõÁ^¥xH÷ XH› Q®O@ =òO^ΰ
verify KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°. #°O_• <Í#° D exercise KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì#°.
I will have been verifying the files at
home for one hour before I start for
6. ö~„¬ô function "³ò^Ε†Í°¼^¥xH÷ Q®O@
office. =òO^ΰ #°OKÍ guests =‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
11. ö~„¬ô guests =KÍó^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° Q®O@• 7. ~ö „¬ô J`Ç_°È WH›ø_•H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ
=òO^ΰ #°O_• mother items `džǶ~¡° ï~O_È° Q®O@• #°Oz "Í°=ò J`Çx HË‹¬O
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°. Z^ΰ~¡° KǶ‹¬¶ëO\ì=ò.
Mother will have been preparing
items for two hours before the guests 8. ‡é\© Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö list announce KÍÀ‹ ^¥xH÷
arrive tomorrow. =òO^ΰ ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê N KÇOã^΃ì|°
12. h=ô ö~„¬ô <Œ room H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ Q®O@ Jƒ•’¼~°¡ •Ö bio-datas verify KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°.
=òO^ΰ #°OKÍ <Í#° lessons KÇ^ΰ=ô
`Ç°O\ì#°.
I will have been reading lessons for
one hour before you come to my room. Z
All that glitters is not gold. 104
11TH DAY - A

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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê
‡ã •~¡Oa•Oz HùO`ÇHê•=ò continuous Qê KÍ‹¶ ¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz, ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ~ö „¬ô "Í°=ò JH›ø_•H÷ =KÍ‹ó i¬ H÷ g°~¡° XH› Q®O@ =òO^ΰQê U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹¶¬ Oë \ì~Œ ?
J =°#=ò JH›ø_È䛽 "³ˆõ¤^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° Q®O@•°Qê "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È work KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ ?
J h=ô own business ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÍ ^¥xH÷ 6 <³••° =òO^ΰQê accounts <Í~¡°ó䛽O@°O\ì"Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È° XH› „¬x †³òH›ø Hê•=ò
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ÿ…Õ =°#=ò K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹¶¬ Oë _È° XH› „¬xx
ZO`ÇHê•OQê K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ"³¶ ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have + been + Verb + ing form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject I, We, J~ò#„¬C_È° "Shall have"
You, He, She, It, they J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Will have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô g° WO\÷H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ Q®O@ Will you have been sitting in the hall
=òO^Î ° #°O_Í h=ô lessons half an hour before the chief guest
KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ç°O\ì"Œ? comes?
Will you have been reading the lessons 4. <Œ\÷ H › ã „ ¬ ^ Î i ÅOKÍ ^¥xH÷ <³ • ~ËA•°
for one hour before I come to your =òO^ΰQê g°~¡° rehearsals KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
house? Will you have been making rehearsals
2. h=ô ö~„¬ô exam hall H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ Q®O@ for one month before you perform the
=òO^Î ° #°Oz D book refer play?
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì"Œ? 5. Doctor clinic H÷
=KÍó ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ Q®O@
Will you have been refering to this book #°O_• patients P†Ç ° # HË‹¬ O wait
for one hour before you go to the exam KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~Œ?
hall ? Will the patients have been waiting for
3. Chief guest =KÍó ^¥xH÷ J~¡QO
® @ =òO^ΰQê the doctor for one hour before he comes
g°~¡° hall …Õ ä›•~ùóx LO\ì~Œ? to the clinic?

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EXERCISE
6. Test 䛽 appear J†Í°¼^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`Ç
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê•OQê h=ô lessons revise KÍ‹°¬ Oë \ì=ô?
Howlong will you have been revising 1. ö ~ „¬ ô h=ô WH› ø _•H÷ =KÍ ó ^ ¥xH÷ Q® O @
the lessons before you appear for the =òO^Î ° Qê WO\÷ ^Î Q ® ¾ ~ ¡ lessons
KÇ^ΰ=ô`ǶO\ì"Œ?
test?

7. <Í#° ö~„¬ô g° room H÷ =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ 2. =°#=ò ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ JH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆ¤õ ^¥xH÷
ï ~ O_È ° Q® O @•° =òO^Î ° Qê "Œ~¡ ° test
ZO`Ç À ‹ „¬ ô Qê g°~¡ ° matter discuss ã"Œ‹¬¶ëO\ì~Œ?
KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
Howlong will you have been 3. h=ô |†Ç ° @ä› ½ "³ ˆ õ ¤ ^¥xH÷ J~¡ Q ® O @
discussing the matter before I come
=òO^ΰQê ready J=ô`Ç°O\ì"Œ?
to your room tomorrow?
4. J`Ç_È° Delhi "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ ï~O_È° <³••°
8. =°#=ò "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`ÇÀ‹„¬\÷ =òO^ΰQê Hindi <Í~¡°ó䛽O@¶O\ì_¨?
#°O_• "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
5. Function "³ò^Ε° J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ Q®O@
Howlong will they have been working
=òO^ΰQê<Í guests =‹¬¶ëO\ì~Œ?
before we go there?

9. Train =KÍ^
ó ¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`Ç‹
À „¬\÷ #°O_• 6. „¬sH›•Æ ° "³ò^Ε° J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ Zxß
~ËA•°Qê g° lecturers lessons revise
clerk tickets issue KÍ ‹ ¬ ° ë O \ì_È ° ? KÍ‹¬¶ëO\ì~¡°?
Howlong will the clerk have been

issuing the tickets before the train 7. Promotion ‡ÚO^Í ^¥xH÷ ZO`Ç Hê•O
=òO^ΰQê h=ô tH›Æ} ‡ÚO^ΰ`Ç°O\ì=ô?
arrives?

10. =°#=ò "³ˆõ¤ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ ZO`ÇÀ‹„¬\÷ 8. |‹¬ ° • |†Ç ° •°^Í ö ~ ^¥xH÷ ZO`Ç À ‹ „¬ ô
=òO^ΰQê "Œ~¡° tickets W‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
#°Oz "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È U~Œæ@° KÍ‹¬°ëO\ì~¡°?
Howlong will you have been making

arrangements before the go there? Z


Concentration is the essence of all knowledge. 106
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ =òO^ΰQê "Had + been + Verb
+ 'ing' form" J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D structure #° grammar …Õ Past
Perfect Continuous Tense JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1) Positive Form 2) Question Form
J#° ï~O_È° pasrts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D ï~O_È° parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥O.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õ HùO`ÇHê•=ò =~¡ä›½ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx ZO`ÇHê•OQê
K͆ÇòKÇ°#ßn ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Had + been + Verb + ' ing ' form " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I had been suffering form a head-ache for two hours before I went to sleep
last night.
2. They had been revising the lessons for ten days fefore they appeared for
the exam.
2. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õ HùO`ÇHê•=ò =~¡ä›½ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ZO`ÇHê•OQê K͆ÇòKÇ°#ßn ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Had+ been + Verb +
'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Had you been staying in your uncle's house for two months before you
shifted to this room ?
2. Had she been typing the letters for two hours before you went there ?
D~ËA =°#=ò "Will have + been + Verb + 'ing' form " J#° structure Q®°iOz
䛕_¨ <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D structure #° grammar …Õ Future Perfect Continuous Tense
JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ Positive Form =°i†Çò Question Form J#° ï~O_È° parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
D ï~O_È° parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥O.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬x [~¡°Q®°@H›O>è =òO^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’"°³ Ø continuous Qê HùO`ÇHê•OQê
KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È° "Í~ùH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will have + been + Verb +
'ing'form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will have been taking rest for one hour before you come to my house.
2. She will have been preparing for the test for two months before she appears
for it.
2. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬x [~¡°Q®°@ H›O>è =òO^ΰ ‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’"°³ Ø continuous Qê HùO`Ç
Hê•OQê KÍ ‹ ¬ ¶ ë O _È ° "Í ~ ùH› „¬ x x Q® ° iOz ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#° ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½
"Will have + been + verb + 'ing' form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Will you have been waiting for me for one hour before I come there ?
2. Will they have been getting ready for two hours before they go out ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

201. deceive deceived deceived "³¶‹¬=òK͆Çò@


202. decide decided decided x‰×ó~òOKÇ°@
203. declare declared declared ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°@
204. decline declined declined H©Æ}÷OKÇ°@
205. decoreate decoreted decoreted J•OH›iOKÇ°@
206. decrease decreased decreased `Çy¾OKÇ°@
207. dedicate dedicated dedicated JOH÷`Ç=òK͆Çò@
208. defend defended defended ~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°@
209. deliver delivered delivered JOkOKÇ°@
210. demolish demolished demolished <Œ‰×#=òK͆Çò
211. denote denoted denoted ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@
212. deny denied denied Hê^Î#°@
213. depart departed departed |†Ç°•°^Í~¡°@
214. depend depended depended P^•¥~¡„_¬ °È @
215. derive derived derived =ü•=ò#°O_• Qã ‚® ì² OKÇ°
216. describe described described q=iOKÇ°@
217. deserve deserved deserved `Çy†ÇòO_È°@
218. determine determined determined x~¡â~òOKÇ°@
219. develop developed developed Ja•=$kœK† Í òÇ @
220. diagnize diagnized diagnized "Œ¼k•x Q®°iëOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡°
H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 2 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß
"ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
108 Ambition and love are the wings of great actions.
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USED TO
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J…"Œ@°Qê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P J•"Œ@° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO…è^ΰ. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆Çò@…è^ΰ. XH›„¬C_È°
ï~Q®°¼•~Ÿ Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
J <Í#° z#ß„¬C_È° KŒ…ì ƒìQê KÇk"Í"Œ_•x.
J "Í°=ò =¶ ‹¬¶ø•° ~ËA•…Õ ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê P@•° P_Í "Œˆ×¤=ò.
J P"³° J„¬C_È° guests #° ƒìQê treat KÍ‹¬°ëO_Ík.
J "Œ~¡° XH›ø„¬C_È° XH› z#ß Ti…Õ x=tOKÍ"Œ~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J…"Œ@°Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_³_• „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ =°# z#ß `Ç#O…Õ, Hê…èl ~ËA•…Õ =°iOïH„¬C_³<á Œ Q®`OÇ …Õ ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH›
J•"Œ@°Q®ê, „¬^„Í ^¬ Í KÍ‹°¬ Oë _³_• XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Used to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†Ç³¶ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : 'Used to' J#°#k XH› Anomalous Verb. Wk Past Tense …Õ =¶ã`Ç"Í°
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°. Present Tense, Future Tense •…Õ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
"ŒH›¼=ò…Õ Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'used to' =KÇ°ó#°. 'Used to' `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç
verb Z•Á„¬C_È° I form …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° <Œ Hê…èl ~ËA•…Õ ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …ÿáã|s 6. N=°u ƒ•ì#°=°u XH› „ ¬ C _È ° `Ç q °ˆ×
H÷ "³•°ëO_Í"Œ_•x. ‹²x=¶•…Õ ä›•_¨ #\÷‹¬°ëO_Ík.
I used to go to library regularly during Smt. Bhanumathi used to act in Tamil
my college days. movies also once.
2. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° KŒ…ì hard work 7. N Z<£ . \÷ . P~Ÿ . =°Oz ã H › = °tH› Æ }
KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡=ò. ‡•\÷‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ~¡°.
We used to work hard then. Sri N.T.R. used to maintain good
discipline.
3. =¶ brother 90's …Õ Delhi …Õ Bank
8. N=°u WOkQêOn• Z䛽ø=Qê English
Manager Qê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°.
My brother used to work as a Bank
=¶\ìÁ_Í"Œ~¡°.
Smt. Indira Gandhi used to speak
Manager in Delhi during 90' s.
English mostly.
4. Mrs. Madhavi =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° Hindi teach 9. P ~ËA•…Õ ‹¬°h…˜ Q®"Œ‹¬ø~Ÿ =°# ãH÷ïH\˜
KÍ‹¬°ëO_Ík. \©"£°#° lead KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°.
Mrs. Madhavi used to teach us Hindi Sunil Gavaskar used to lead our
then. Cricket team in those days.
5. "Œ~¡ ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° KŒ…ì z#ß WO\ÕÁ 10. N „².q. #~¡tO‚¬ð~Œ=ô N=°u WOk~Œ
x=t‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°. QêOn•H÷ ~Œ[H©†¶
Ç •…Õ ‹¬•‚¬ð•° W‹¬°Oë _Í
They used to live in a small house "Œ~¡°.
once. Sri P.V. Narasimha Rao used to advise
Smt. Indira Gandhi in politics once.
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11. <Í#° XH›„¬C_È° KŒ…ì heavy Qê smoke EXERCISE


KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ_•x.
I used to smoke heavily once. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° =¶ lecturers H÷ ƒìQê
respect WKÍó "Œˆ×¤O. 1. <Í#° KÇ^°Î =ô䛽<Í ~ËA•…Õ early morning
We used to respect our lecturers then. xã^…Î ‹
è °¬ Oë _Í"Œ_•x.
13. =¶ father <Œä› ½ J„¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ u <³ • 2. "Í°=ò „ ã u ¬ ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ Hã Hï÷ \˜ practise
~¡¶. 2000/Ð „¬O„¬ôKÇ°O_Í"Œ~¡°. KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
My father used to send me Rs. 2000 3. =¶ Head-master J„¬C_È° =°=òà•#°
every month then. KŒ…ì severe Q®ê tH÷Æ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°.
14. H›„²…˜^Í"£ XH›„¬C_È° ㄬu =¶¼KŸ…Õ ^¥^¥„¬ô 4. =¶ father <Œä›½ z#ß„¬C_È° grammar
5 qïH\˜• f‹¬°ä›½<Í"Œ_È°. teach KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°.
Kapil Dev used to take five wickets 5. =¶ father XH›„¬C_È° ~ËAH÷ 15 Q®O@•°
almost in every match once.
work KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°.
15. "Í°=ò z#ß„¬C_È° ‹¬OãHêOu „¬O_È°Q® KŒ…ì 6. "Í°=ò ‹¬¶ø…˜…Õ English =¶\ìÁ_Ȱ䛽<Í
grand Qê [~¡°„¬ô䛽<Í "Œ~¡=ò.
"Œ~¡=ò.
We used to celebrate Sankranti
festival very grand in our childhood 7. =¶ lecturers =¶ä›½ KŒ…ì ƒìQê lessons
days. explain KÍ‹² K³À„æ"Œ~¡°.

16. XH› „ ¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ [ •° x*ì~òf Q® • 8. „¬ O _•\˜ <³ ã ‚ ¬ ú `Ç # buttonhole …Õ


<Œ†Ç°ä›½•#° Z#°ßHù<Í"Œ~¡°. Z•Á„¬C_È° Q®°…ìa Ì„@°“䛽<Í"Œ~¡°.
People used to elect honest leaders 9. =¶ grand mother Z•Á„C¬ _ȶ ƒ•’Q= ® n¾`Ç
once. KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ç°O_Ík.
17. =¶ Hê…èl ~ËA•…Õ "Í°=ò À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°•`Ë 10. "Í°=ò z#ß„C¬ _È° „ ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O "Í‹q ¬
KŒ…ì ƒìQê enjoy KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò. Ì ‹ •=ô•° =¶ Ti…Õ Q® _ È ° „¬ ô `Ç ° O_Í
We used to enjoy ourselves with our "Œ~¡=ò.
friends in our college days. 11. <Í#° school classes …Õ Hindi …Õ =°Oz
18. <Í#° ‹¬¶ø•° ~ËA•…Õ ã„¬u ‡é\©…Õ KŒ…ì =¶~¡°ø•° score KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ_•x.
P‹¬HHë÷ ~› O¡ Qê ‡•…ç¾<"Í Œ_•x. 12. "Í ° =ò students Qê L#ß „ ¬ C _È ° ANR
I used to participate in every movies Z䛽ø=Qê KǶ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
competition very interestingly in my
school days. 13. <Í#° J„¬C_È° ㄬu q+¬†Ç°O =¶ father `Ë
discuss KÍ‹ À "Œ_•x.
19. J`Ç _ È ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° XH› z#ß ‘•„¬ ô …Õ
salesman Qê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°. 14. =¶ brother XH›„¬C_È° K³_ÈÛ"Œi`Ë À‹ß‚¬ìO
He used to work as a salesman in a KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°.
small shop once. 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° ㄬu „¬O_È°Q® KŒ…ì ƒìQê
20. =¶ À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°_È° P#O^£ J„¬C_È° KŒ…ì celebrate KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°.
Z䛽ø=Qê money Y~¡°ó KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°.
My friend Anand used to spend money
lavishly then.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. J#Qê Q®`ÇO…Õ =°#䛽 J•"Œ@° …èH› K͆ǰx„¬#°•°.
J <Í#° J‹¬••° HêÁ‹°¬ •° miss J†Í°¼"Œ_•xHê^ΰ.
J P"³° J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° Z=Þi`Ë#¶ =¶\ìÁ_Ík Hê^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÍ"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
J "Í°=ò Hê…èl…Õ J‹¬•° games P_Í"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
Ì „ á "ŒH› ¼ =ò•° XH› ~ ¡ ° Q® ` Ç O …Õ ï ~ Q® ° ¼•~Ÿ Q ê …è H › J•"Œ@°Qê KÍ ‹ ¬ ¶ ë O _È x „¬ # °•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ J•"Œ@°…èHQ› êx, W+¬O“ …èHQ› êx ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Èx
XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Did not + use to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ' did not + use to + I form' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° hard work KÍ‹À "Œ_•ß 6. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° time waste
Hê^ΰ. KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
I did not use to work hard then. We did not use to waste time at all
2. "Í°=ò school days …Õ guides follow then.
J†Í°"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ. 7. N=°u WOk~ŒQêOn• J‹¬•° Z=ih care
We didnot use to follow guides in our KÍÀ‹k Hê^ΰ.
Smt. Indira Gandhi did not use to care
school days.
anyone.
3. P ~ËA•…Õ L^˼Q®°•° •OKÇO f‹¬°ä›½<Í 8. <Í#° XH›„¬C_È° J‹¬•° friends `Ë move
"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. J†Í°¼"Œ_•x Hê^ΰ.
Employees did not use to take bribe I did not use to move with friends
in those days. once.
4. P "³ ° J„¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° Z=i`Ë#° 9. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° studies neglect KÍ
=¶\ìÁ_Ík Hê^ΰ. À‹"Œˆ×¤O Hê^ΰ.
She did not use to talk to anybody We did not use to neglect our studies
then. then.
5. "Œ~¡ ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° W`Ç ~ ¡ ° •Ì „ á 10. =¶ brother z#ß „ ¬ C _È ° Z=i=¶\ì
P^•¥~¡„_
¬ "Í Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. q<Í"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ.
They did not use to depend on others My brother did not use to listen to any
once. body's words in his boyhood days.

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11. <Í#° J„¬C_È° Z=i q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O EXERCISE


KÍ‹°¬ 䛽<Í"Œ_•x Hê^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
I did not use to interefere in others
matter then.
12. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° Hê…è l …Õ language 1. <Í#° XH›„¬C_È° J‹¬•° films KǶ‹À "Œ_•x
classes H÷ attend J†Í°"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ. Hê^ΰ.
We did not use to attend language 2. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° D festival celebrate
classes in the college then. KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
13. P"³° J„¬C_È° W`Ç~¡°•`Ë H›eÀ‹k Hê^ΰ. 3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° ‹¬iQê duty H÷ attend
She did not use to mingle with others J†Í°"Œ_È°Hê^ΰ.
then. 4. P"³° J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° WO\÷…Õ #°O_•
14. =¶ English lecturer J‹¬ • ° `³ • °Q® ° |†Ç°@䛽 =KÍókHê^ΰ.
=¶\ìÁ_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° J‹¬•° income tax pay
Our English lecturer did not use to KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ.
speak Telugu at all. 6. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° private schools H÷
15. J`Ç_°È J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° _È|°Ä Y~¡°ó „
Ì >è"
“ Œ_È° "³ˆõ¤"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
Hê^ΰ. 7. =¶ lecturers J„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ J‹¬•° notes
He did not use to spend money at all
dictate KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ.
then.
16. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° business …Õ
8. XH›„¬C_È° =°# ãH÷ïH\˜ players ‹¬iQê
accounts maintain KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
P_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
We did not use to maintain accounts
9. <Í # ° J„¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° #=••° KÇ k "Í
in business then. "Œ_•ßHê^ΰ.
17. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° taxes pay 10. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° Hê…è l …Õ Ì ‹ q°<Œ~Ÿ … Õ
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ. ‡•…ç¾<"Í Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
We did not use to pay taxes then. 11. P Hê…èl…Õ J„¬C_È° donations =‹¬¶•°
18. XH›„¬C_È° †Çò=䛽•° K³_È° J•"Œ@°Á KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
J•=~¡Kǰ䛽<Í "Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. 12. =¶ brother J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° money save
Young men didnot use to cultivate KÍÀ‹"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ.
bad habits once. 13. "Œ~¡ ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° rules follow J†Í °
19. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° „¬sH›•Æ …Õ copy KÍ‹
À "Œ~¡=ò "Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ.
Hê^ΰ. 14. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° ‹¬iQê food
We did not use to copy in our exams f‹¬°ä›½<Í"Œ_È°Hê^ΰ .
then. 15. "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° salary ‹¬iQê pay
20. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° essays H› O ~” ¡ ‹ ¬ ë O
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
We did not use to byheart the essays
then. Z
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QUESTION FORM
Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQ®ê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆Çò „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•#°
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° XH›„¬C_È° D Ti…Õ x=tOKÍ"Œ~Œ?
J g° father J„¬C_È° L.I.C …Õ „¬x KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~Œ?
J "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° "Œ¼‡•~¡=ò KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ~Œ ?
J P"³° g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° English teach KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~°¡ Q®`OÇ …Õ ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê K͆ò
Ç „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°
@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›„C¬ _È° ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê XH›~°¡ KÍ‹°¬ Oë _³_• XH› „¬xx „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Did + use to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° "Did + use + I form" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° ï ~ Q® ° ¼•~Ÿ Q ê grammar 5. "Œ~¡° WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ H›ƒ
Á …˜ Õ ª•O‹¬ø$uH›
<Í~¡°ó䛽O@°O_Í"Œ~Œ? Hê~¡¼ãH›=°=ò•° x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~Œ ?
Did you use to learn grammar Did they use to conduct the cultural
regularly then ? programmes in the club then ?
2. g°~¡ ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° Hyderabad …Õ 6. h=ô J„¬C_È° private college …Õ „¬x
x=t‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~Œ ? KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ_•"Œ ?
Did you use to live in Hyderabad Did you use to work in a private
once? college then ?
7. g°~¡° XH›„¬C_È° book shop #_È°„¬ô`Ç°O_Í
3. H›=°•‚¬ð‹¬<£ J„¬C_È° Hindi films …Õ act "Œ~Œ ?
KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_¨ ? Did you use to run a book shop once?
Did Kamala Hasan use to act in Hindi 8. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ u L^Î † Ç ° O ¢ Q ÒO_£ … Õ
films then ? exercise KÍ‹°¬ O
ë _Í"Œ_•"Œ ?
4. P"³° J„¬C_È° „¬ãuH›•ä›½ H›^ŠÎ•° Did you use to take exercises in the
„¬O„¬ô`Ç°O_Í^¥ ? ground every morning then ?
Did she use to send stories to the 10. h=ô J„¬C_È° ãH÷ïH\˜ ƒìQê P_È°KÇ°O_Í
magazines then ? "Œ_•"Œ?
Did you use to play cricket well then ?

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10. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° Z䛽ø=Qê Mathematics Ì„á EXERCISE


ã‰×^Îœ KǶ„¬ô`Ç°O_Í"Œ~Œ?
Did you use to concentrate on
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Mathematics then ?
11. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° leisure hours Z…ì 1. h=ô z#ß„¬C_È° P@•° ƒìQê P_È°`Ç°O_Í
Q®_°È „¬ô`Ç°O_Í "Œ_•q ? "Œ_•"Œ ?
How did you use to spend your 2. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê frieds x meet
leisure hours then ?
J†Í°¼"Œ~Œ ?
12. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° ZH›ø_È x=tOKÍ"Œ~¡° ?
Where did you use to live then ? 3. g° father J„¬ C _È ° hä› ½ ‹¬ • ‚¬ ð •°
13. g° father J„¬C_È° Uq° KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡° ? W‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~Œ ?
What did your father use to do then ? 4. P"³° WO`Ç䛽 =°òO^ΰ English poems
14. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° ~ËAH÷ Zxß Q®O@•° =~Ÿø compose KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í^¥ ?
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° ?
Howmay hours did you use to work
5. "Œ~¡ ° XH› „ ¬ C _È ° quiz programmes
in a day then ? x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~Œ ?
15. h=ô J„¬C_È° <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç ‹¬O‡•kOKÍ 6. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° g° uncle WO\ÕÁ
"Œ_•q ? LO@°O_Í"Œ_•"Œ ?
Howmuch money did you use to earn
7. g° aunt J„¬ C _È ° dance school
in a month then ?
16. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° Zä› ½ ø=Qê U subject
x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëO_Í^¥ ?
KÇk"Í"Œ~¡° ? 8. g°~¡° WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ Uq°KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡°?
Which subject did you use to study 9. P"³° J„¬C_È° „²•Á•#°Z…ì ‘é+²‹¬°ëO_Ík ?
mostly then ?
17. Mr. Ramana g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° U subject
10. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ P WO\÷H÷ ZO`Ç
teach KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡° ?
J^³í K³eÁO‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡° ?
Which subject did Mr. Ramana use 11. g° brother J„¬C_È° <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç salary
to teach you then ? draw KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È° ?
18. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° q°=òà•#° sports …Õ 12. 90's …Õ =°# ãH÷ïH\˜ \©"£°#° Z=~¡° lead
Z…ì ‡ã é`Ç•‚²ì‹¬°Oë _Í"Œ_È° ? KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ~¡° ?
How did he use to encourage you in
the sports then ? 13. D ‡Ú•O…Õ g°~¡° WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ U
19. J„¬C_È° g° "Œ¼‡•~¡O Z=~¡° „¬O@ „¬O_•OKÍ"Œ~¡° ?
KǶ‹¬°ä›½O@°O_Í"Œ~¡° ? 14. h=ô J„¬C_È° English Grammar 䛽
Who used to lookafter your business Z䛽ø=Qê U book refer KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Í"Œ_•q?
then ?
20. h=ô J„¬C_È° Z=i`Ë Z䛽ø=Qê close Qê 15. h=ô student Qê L#ß„¬C_È° g° father h䛽
move J=ô`Ç°O_Í"Œ_•q ? <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç money „¬O„¬ô`Ç°O_Í"Œ~¡° ?
With whom did you use to move very
close then ? Z
Pride goes before a fall. 114
12 DAY

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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õ J•"Œ@° …èH› ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê
KÍ‹¬°ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô XH›„¬C_È° J‹¬•° films KǶ‹À "Œ_•q Hê^¥ ?
J g°~¡° J„¬C_È° D festival celebrate KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Í"Œ~¡° Hê^¥ ?
J h=ô J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° #=••° KÇk"Í"Œ_•q Hê^¥?
J "Œ~¡° g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° salary ‹¬iQê pay KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° Hê^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ ï~Q®°¼•~Ÿ Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ J•"Œ@° …èH,› W+¬O“ …èH› ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Didn't + use to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Didn't + use to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô school days …Õ J‹¬ • ° games 7. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° classes miss J†Í°¼"Œ~¡°
P_Í"Œ_•qHê^¥? Hê^¥?
Didn't you use to play games in your Didn't you use to miss the classes
school days? then?
2. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° answers by heart KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°
Hê^¥? 8. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° studies Ì„á concentrate
Didn't you use to byheart the answers KÍÀ‹"Œ_È°Hê^¥?
then ? Didn't he use to concentrate on studies
3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° ‹¬iQê „¬xKÍÀ‹"Œ_È°Hê^¥? then ?
Didn't he use to work properly then ? 9. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° regular Qê taxes pay
4. P"³° J„¬C_È° Z=i`Ë#¶ =¶\ìÁ_ÍkHê^¥? KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^¥?
Didn't she use to talk to anyone then?
Didn't they use to pay taxes regularly
5. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° D „¬ O _È ° Q® celebrate
then ?
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^¥?
Didn't they use to celebrate this festival 10. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° college H÷ regular Qê
then ? "³ˆ"¤õ Œ_•qHê^¥?
6. h=ô J„¬C_È° movies KǶ‹À "Œ_•qHê^¥? Didn't you use to go to college regularly
Didn't you use to see movies then ? then?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° language classes H÷ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
ZO^ΰ䛽 attend J†Í°¼"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ?
Why didn't you use to attend language
1. h=ô J„¬C_È° answers byheart KÍ‹À "Œ_•q
classes then?
Hê^¥ ?
12. h=ô J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 guides follow J†Í°¼
"Œ_•qHê^ΰ? 2. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° D game P_Í"Œ~¡°Hê^¥?
Why didn't you use to follow guides 3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° law practise KÍ‹¬°ëO_Í"Œ_È°
then? Hê^¥ ?
13. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 g° =¶@ q<Í"Œ_È°
Hê^ΰ? 4. P"³° J„¬C_È° gold ornaments ^•ÎiOKÍk
Why didn't he use to listen to your
Hê^¥ ?
words then? 5. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ ƒ•ìs „ Ì @°“|_È°•°
14. P"³° J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 ZH›ø_•H© "³ˆ¤k
õ Hê^ΰ? Ì„>è“ "Œ~¡°Hê^¥?
Why didn't she use to go anywhere 6. h=ô J„¬C_È° Z=iÌ„<á Œ P^•¥~¡„_ ¬ Í "Œ_•q
then? Hê^¥ ?
15. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° ZO^Î ° ä› ½ „¬ O _È ° Q® • ° 7. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° taxies …Õ „ ã †
¬ ¶Ç }O KÍ‹À "Œ~¡°
[iÀ„"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ? Hê^¥ ?
Why didn't they use to celebrate
festivals then? 8. P†Ç°# J„¬C_È° U q+¬†°Ç =ü „¬\O“÷ Kǰ䛽<Í
16. h=ô college ~ËA•…Õ seminors …Õ "Œ_È°Hê^¥ ?
ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡•…ç¾<"Í Œ_•qHê^ΰ? 9. P"³° XH›„¬C_È° modern dresses ^•ÎiOKÍk
Why didn't you use to participate in Hê^¥ ?
the seminors in your college days?
17. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° ZO^Î ° ä› ½ regular Qê 10. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° non-veg. f‹¬°ä›½<Í "Œ~¡°
accounts maintain KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ?
Hê^¥ ?
Why didn't you use to maintain 11. h=ô J„¬C_È° ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê college H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽
accounts regularly then? "³ˆ"¤õ Œ_•qHê^ΰ ?
18. P"³° J„¬C_È° =°# WO\ÕÁ ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_Ík 12. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° traffic rules ZO^Î ° ä› ½
Hê^ΰ? ‡•\÷OKÍ"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ ?
Why didn't she use to stay in our house
then?
13. P"³° J„¬C_È° g° WO\ÕÁ ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_Ík
19. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 loans f‹¬°ä›½<Í Hê^ΰ ?
"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ? 14. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° life #° ZO^ΰ䛽 enjoy
Why didn't they use to take loans then? KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°Hê^ΰ ?
20. h=ô XH›„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 money save 15. h=ô z#ß`Ç#O…Õ g° father =¶@ ZO^ΰ䛽
KÍ‹À "Œ_•qHê^ΰ? q<Í"Œ_•qHê^ΰ ?
Why didn't you use to save money
once ?
Z
Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached. 116
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
=°#=ò D~ËA =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Used to + I form of the Verb"
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õ HùO`ÇHê•O ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê …èH› J•"Œ@°Qê „¬^„
Í ^
¬ Í KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Used to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I used to write letters to the foreigners then.
2. We used to help one another in our college days.
3. She used to teach us Hindi in our school days.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õ HùO`ÇHê•OQê ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê Qêx, J•"Œ@°…èH› Qêx =°#=ò K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Didnot + use to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I did not use to go to library in my school days.
2. We did not use to miss the classes then.
3. He did not use to work hard once.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õ HùO`ÇHê•=ò ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê Qêh, J•"Œ@°Qê Qêh KÍ‹°¬ Oë _³_• XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#° ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "Did + use to + I form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Did you use to play games in your school days?
2. Did he use to stay with you in those days?
3. Did they use to celebrate every festival grandly then ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx HùO`Ç Hê•O J•"Œ@° …èH› ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê KÍ‹°¬ Oë _Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Didn't+use to + I form of Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Didn't you use to attend the classes regularly at school ?
2. Didn't he use to pay rent regularly then ?
3. Didn't they use to maintain the accounts regularly once ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

221. dictate dictated dictated K³„²æ ã"Œ~òOKÇ°@


222. die died died KÇx‡é=ô@
223. differ differed differed "Í~°¡ Ja•ã‡•†Ç°=ò
H›ey†ÇòO_È°@
224. digest digest digest r~¡â=òK͆Çò@
225. dilute dilute dilute h~¡°H›e„² „¬•°KÇ#K͆Çò
226. diminish diminished diminished `Çy¾OKÇ°@
227. dine dined dined ƒ•Õ[#=òK͆òÇ @
227. dip dipped dipped =ò#°Q®°@
228. direct directed directed ^¥iKǶ„¬ô@
229. discover discovered discovered H›#°Qù#°@
230. dismiss dismissed dismissed `ù•yOKÇ°@
231. diosperse dispersed dispersed K³ki‡é=ô@
232. dispute disputed disputed `ÇQ®°=ô…ì_È°@
233. distribute disributed disributed „¬OzÌ„@°“@
234. disturb disturbed disturbed P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°@
235. divert diverted diverted =°eÁOKÇ°@
236. divide divided divided „¬OzÌ„@°“@
237. dominate dominated dominated Jk•Hê~¡=ò
KÍ…ì~òOKÇ°
238. drag dragged dragged D_È°ó@, …ìQ®°@
239. drown drowned drowned h\÷…Õ =òxy‡é=ô@
240. ebb ebbed ebbed WOH÷‡é=ô@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
118 A little learning is a dangerous thing.
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POSSESSIONS -PRESENT
=°#=ò H›ey†Çò#ß "Œ\÷x Possessives JO^ΰ~¡°.
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O …è^¥ "Íï~=ï~á<Œ H›ey†Çò#ß "Œ\÷ Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ D ~ËA urgent work =ô#ßk. J =¶ä›½ D <³•…Õ public exams =ô#ßq.
J J`ÇxH÷ ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°Oz income =ô#ßk. J P"³°ä›½ XH› gold necklace =ô#ßk.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O …è^¥ "Íï~=ï~á<Œ H›ey†Çò#ß "Œ\÷ Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê D ~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†Çò#ß@°=O\÷ "Œ\÷ Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It - Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'has' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä›½ D ~ËA WO@~¡¶Þ¼ L#ßk. 6. <Œä›½ W^Îí~¡° sisters L<Œß~¡°.
I have an interview today. I have two sisters.

2. =¶ä›½ D "Œ~¡O English test =ô#ßk. 7. =¶ä›½ WO\ÕÁ Jxß facilities =ô<Œß~ò.
We have English test this week. We have all facilities in our house.

3. =¶ brother 䛽 government Job =ô#ßk. 8. Sachin Tendulkar 䛽 batting …Õ =°Oz
My brother has a govt. Job. skill =ô#ßk.

4. =¶ sister 䛽 college …Õ =°Oz friends Sachin Tendulkar has good skill in

L<Œß~¡°. batting.

My sister has good friends in the 9. =¶ cousin H÷ =°Oz knowledge =ô#ßk.


college. My cousin has good knowledge.

5. "ŒiH÷ D town …Õ =°Oz „¬•°ä›½|_• 10. "ŒiH÷ D town …Õ =°Oz property


=ô#ßk. =ô#ßk.
They have good influence in this town. They have good property in this town.

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11. =¶ uncle H÷ teaching …Õ =°Oz EXERCISE


experience =ô#ßk. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
My uncle has good experience in
teaching.

12. =¶ä›½ D "Œ~¡O office …Õ inspection


1. <Œä›½ W„¬C_È° English class =ô#ßk.
=ô#ßk. 2. =¶ä›½ Hê…èl…Õ Ì„^Îí …ÿáã|s =ô#ßk.
We have inspection in our office this
week.
3. J`ÇxH÷ driving licence =ô#ßk.
4. P"³°ä›½ =°Oz qualifications =ô#ßq.
13. =¶ä›½ D work …Õ KŒ…ì risk =ô#ßk.
We have much risk in this work. 5. "ŒiH÷ Ti…Õ lands =ô#ßq.
14. "ŒiH÷ D ~ËA town …Õ meeting =ô#ßk. 6. Jq°`Œƒ˜|KÇó<£ä›½ =°Oz Ja•=¶#°•°
They have a meeting in the town today. =ô<Œß~¡°.
15. <Œä›½ D ~ËA 1020 temperature =ô#ßk. 7. =¶ä› ½ D town …Õ KŒ…ì =°Ok
I have a temperature of 1020 today. |O^•Î°=ô•° =ô<Œß~°¡ .

16. =¶ä›½ D <³•…Õ public „¬sH›Æ•° =ô#ßq. 8. =¶ Hê•h…Õ ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =¶ä› ½ water

We have public examinations this problem =ô#ßk.

month. 9. "ŒiH÷ W„¬C_È° Ì‹•=ô•° =ô<Œß~ò.


17. =¶ brother H÷ =°Oz income =ô#ßk. 10. HêOãQï ‹¹H÷ ‡•~¡"
Á °³ O@°…Õ =°Oz "³°*ìi\©
My brother has good income. =ô#ßk.
18. P"³°ä›½ WO\ÕÁ =°Oz ‡ã é`Œ•‚¬ì=ò =ô#ßk. 11. W„¬C_È° <Œ^ÎQ®¾~¡ ~¡¶. 2000 =ô#ßq.
She has good encouragement in her
house.
12. =¶ WO\ÕÁ =¶ä›½ internet facility =ô#ßk.
13. <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ Oxford Dictionary =ô#ßk.
19. <Œä›½ D ~ËA P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ heavy work
=ô#ßk. 14. <Œä›½ D~ËA „¬îië rest =ô#ßk.
I have heavy work in the office today.
15. "ŒiH÷ WO\ÕÁ KŒ…ì=°Ok servants
20. =¶ä›½ D ª•i KŒ…ì opportunities =ô<Œß~¡°.
=ô<Œß~ò.
We have many opportunities this time.
Z
What cannot be cured must be endured. 120
PRESENT - NEGATIVE FORM

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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° principles LO_È=ô. J =¶ä›½ D "Œ~¡O school …Õ tests …è=ô.
J =¶ brother H÷ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO U income …è^ΰ. J P"³°ä›½ J‹¬•° friends …è~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D ~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Donot / Does not + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "do not have"
He, She, It –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "does not have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä›½ D ~ËA office …Õ work …è^ΰ. 7. <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ W„¬C_È° _È|°Ä …è^ΰ.
I don't have work in the office today. I don't have money with me now.

2. =¶ä›½ D ~ËA English class …è^ΰ. 8. =¶ TiH÷ bus facility …è^ΰ.


We don't have English class today. We don't have bus facility to our village.

3. h䛽 J‹¬•° commonsense …è^ΰ. 9. =¶ brother H÷ driving licence …è^ΰ.


You don't have common sense at all. My brother doesn't have the driving
licence.
4. J`ÇxH÷ D ~ËA duty …è^ΰ.
He doesn't have duty today. 10. =¶ä›½ J‹¬•° property …è^ΰ.
We don't have property at all.
5. P"³°ä›½ WH›ø_È J‹¬•° friends …è~¡°.
She doesn't have friends here at all. 11. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° ‹¬=°‹¬¼•° LO_È=ô.
They don't have problems at all.
6. "ŒiH÷ „²•Á•° …è~¡°.
They don't have children.

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12. <Œä›½ J‹¬•° leisure LO_È^ΰ. EXERCISE


I don't have leisure at all. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
13. =¶ä›½ Hê…èl…Õ J‹¬•° …ÿáã|s …è^ΰ.
We don't have library in our college. 1. <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ text books …è=ô.
2. =¶ä›½ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O inspection …è^ΰ.
14. J`ÇxH÷ J‹¬•° L^˼Q® J=Hê‰×=ò•° …è=ô.
He doesn't have job opportunities at 3. g°ä›½ D ~ËA meeting …è^ΰ.
all.
4. =¶ brother H÷ govt. job …è^ΰ.
15. P"³°ä›½ J‹¬•° WO\ÕÁ ‹
À ÞKÇ•ó …è^°Î . 5. P"³°H÷ WO\ÕÁ J‹¬•° encouragement …è^°Î .
She doesn't have freedom in her
house at all. 6. "ŒiH÷ own house …è^ΰ.
7. <Œä›½ J‹¬•° job …Õ risk …è^ΰ.
16. J`ÇxH÷ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO J‹¬•° U P^¥†Ç°O …è^ΰ.
He doesn't have any income at 8. =¶ä›½ J‹¬•° transfer LO_È^ΰ.
present.
9. J`ÇxH÷ J‹¬•° common sense …è^ΰ.
17. KŒ…ì =°Ok ƒ•ì~¡ f †Ç ò •ä› ½ WOHê
10. P"³°ä›½ J‹¬•° English …Õ knowledge
u<ÍO^ΰ䛽 uO_•…è^°Î .
…è^ΰ.
Many Indians still don't have food to
eat. 11. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° H›$`Ç[ý`Ç …è^ΰ.

18. "ŒiH÷ LO_ÍO^ΰ䛽 Wˆ×ä…è=ô. 12. <Œä›½ J‹¬•° business …Õ profit …è^ΰ.
They don't have houses to live in.
13. =¶ä›½ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O bonus …è^ΰ.
19. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ä›½ Ì‹•=ô•° …è=ô. 14. ~Œ‚¬•…˜ QêOn•H÷ J‹¬•° ~Œ[H©†Ç°OQê
We don't have holidays at present. experience …è^ΰ.

20. J`ÇxH÷ J‹¬•° business …Õ experience


15. =¶ä›½ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO WH›ø_È U ‹¬=°‹¬¼…è^ΰ.
…è^ΰ.
He doesn't have experience in
business.

Z
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PRESENT - QUESTION FORM

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QUESTION FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò XH›~°¡ H›ey†Çò#ß"Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J D ~ËA WH›ø_È h䛽 work =ô#ß^¥? J W„¬C_È° h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ money =ô#ß^¥?
J D"Œ~¡O g°ä›½ Ì‹•=ô•° =ô<Œß†Ç¶? J J`ÇxH÷ government job =ô#ß^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò H›ey†Çò#ß"Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# W„¬C_È°, D ~ËA, „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ , D"Œ~¡O, D<³•,
D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†Çò#ß@°=O\÷ "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
" Do / Does + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° ' Do + have' =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It - subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° ' Does + have' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h䛽 D~ËA English class =ô#ß^¥? 7. P"³°ä›½ English …Õ =°Oz knowledge
Do you have English class today? =ô#ß^¥?
Does she have good knowledge in
2. g°ä›½ D "Œ~¡O screening test =ô#ß^¥? English?
Do you have screening test this week?
8. "ŒiH÷ D town …Õ =°Oz influence
3. h䛽 brothers =ô<Œß~Œ? =ô#ß^¥?
Do you have brothers? Do they have good influence in this
town?
4. g°ä›½ ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O Ì‹•=ô =ôO@°O^¥?
Do you have a holiday every Sunday? 9. g° father H÷ WOHê KŒ…ì years service
=ô#ß^¥?
5. g° brother H÷ vehicle =ô#ß^¥?
Does your father have still many year
Does your brother have a vehicle ?
service ?
6. g° WO\ÕÁ g°ä›½ Jxß =‹¬`°Ç •¶ =ô<Œß†¶
Ç ? 10. P"³°ä›½ gold ornaments =ô<Œß†Ç¶?
Do you have all facilities in your house?
Does she have gold ornaments?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h䛽 ª•^•¥~¡}OQê leisure Z„¬ C _È ° D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
=ôO@°Ok ?
When do you usually have leisure?
1. g°ä›½ ㄬu ~ËA duty LO@°O^¥ ?
12. h䛽 ZO`Ç=°Ok sisters =ô<Œß~¡° ? 2. g°ä› ½ ã „ ¬ u ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O inspection
Howmany sisters do you have?
LO@°O^¥?
13. ZO^ΰ䛽 h=ô J#=‹¬~¡OQê risk H›ey 3. g° brotherH÷ business …Õ =°Oz
†ÇòO\ì=ô ? experience L#ß^¥ ?
Why do you have risk unnecessarily?
4. P"³ ° ä› ½ college …Õ =°Oz friends
14. g°ä›½ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Zxß subjects L<Œß~Œ ?
=ô<Œß~ò?
Howmany subjects do you have this
5. "ŒiH÷ ‹¬ÞO`Ç house L#ß^¥ ?
year ? 6. h䛽 W„¬C_È° WH›ø_È U"³°Ø<Œ work L#ß^¥?
15. J`ÇxH÷ ~ËAH÷ Zxß hours duty =ôO@°Ok? 7. g°ä›½ D <³•…Õ public exams L<Œß†Ç¶?
Howmany hour duty does he have in 8. "ŒiH÷ D town …Õ relations L<Œß~Œ ?
a day?
9. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ Physics text book L#ß^¥ ?
16. J`ÇxH÷ <³•H÷ ZO`Ç P^¥†Ç°O LO@°Ok? 10. D ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO g°ä›½ meeting
Howmuch income does he have in a
L#ß^¥ ?
month ?
11. g°ä›½ college …Õ ~ËAH÷ Zxß classes
17. P"³°ä›½ …Õ Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•
teaching
LO\ì~ò ?
experience =ô#ßk ?
Howmany years experience does she 12. J`Ç_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 Z•Á„¬C_È° W`Ç~¡°•`Ë
have in teaching? `ÇQê^¥ H›ey=ôO\ì_È° ?
18. W„¬C_È° h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ ZO`Ç money =ô#ßk? 13. g° #•°Q®°i…Õ Z=iH÷ D ~ËA duty
Howmuch moeny do you have now? L#ßk ?
19. g°ä›½ own house ZH›ø_È =ô#ßk? 14. g°ä›½ D ~ËA Ì‹•=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 L#ßk ?
Where do you have own house? 15. D ~ËA Jr. Inter students H÷ U test

20. "ŒiH÷ ZO`Ç=°Ok „²•Á•° =ô<Œß~¡°? L#ßk?


Howmany children do they have?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH›~°¡ H›ey †ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ W„¬C_È° money …è^¥? J g°ä›½ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Ì‹•=ô•° …è"Œ ?
J J`ÇxH÷ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO L^˼Q®O …è^¥? J "ŒiH÷ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P^¥†Ç°O …è^¥?
Ì „ á "ŒH› ¼ =ò•° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O XH› ~ ¡ ° H› e y†Ç ò O_È x "Œ\÷ x Q® ° iOz ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê D~ËA, D<³•,
D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò, „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't / Doesn't + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Don't have" =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Doesn't have" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h䛽 sisters …è~Œ? 8. "ŒiH÷ „²•Á•° …è~Œ?
Don't you have sisters? Don't they have children?

2. g°ä›½ D~ËA computer class …è^¥? 9. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ W„¬C_È° money …è^¥?


Don't you have computer class today? Don't you have money with you now?

3. h䛽 J‹¬•° common sense …è^¥? 10. g° Ti…Õ internet ªÏH›~¡¼O …è^¥?
Don't you have common sense at all? Don't you have internet facility in your
4. g°ä›½ D <³•…Õ J‹¬•° Ì‹•=ô•°…è"Œ? village?
Don't you have holidays this month? 11. h䛽 ‹¬ï~á# guidance …è^¥?
5. J`Ç x H÷ D ~ËA Uq° work …è ^ ¥? Don't you have proper guidance?
Doesn't he have any work today? 12. g° brother H÷ teaching …Õ experience
6. P"³°H÷ WH›ø_È U problem …è^¥? …è^¥?
Doesn't your brother have experience
Doesn't she have any problem here?
in teaching?
7. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° property …è^¥?
Don't they have property at all?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

13. g°ä›½ D ~ËA classes ZO^ΰ䛽…è=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why don't you have classes today?

14. h䛽 D ~ËA duty ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? 1. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ English Text Book …è^¥?
Why don't you have duty today?
2. g° town …Õ „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ water problem …è^¥?
15. g° =°^•Î¼ unity ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ?
Why don't you have unity among you? 3. P"³°ä›½ brothers …è~Œ?
16. J`ÇxH÷ P post 䛽 eligibility ZO^ΰ䛽…è^°Î ? 4. J`ÇxH÷ regular income …è^¥?
Why doesn't he have eligibility for that
post ? 5. "ŒiH÷ D Ti…Õ own house …è^¥?
17. P"³°ä›½ JH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽 freedom …è^ΰ? 6. J`ÇxH÷ J‹¬•° business …Õ experience
Why doesn't she have freedom there? …è^¥?
18. "ŒiH÷ D festival H÷ Ì‹•=ô•° ZO^ΰ䛽 7. P"³°H÷ J‹¬•° science …Õ knowledge
…è=ô? …è^¥?
Why don't they have holidays for this
festival? 8. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° ‡Ú•O#䛽 water supply
19. h䛽 W„¬C_È° work ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? …è^¥?
Why don't you have work now? 9. <Œä›½ Dª•i J=Hê‰×O …è^¥?
20. "ŒiH÷ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O profits ZO^ΰ䛽…è=ô?
10. =°#䛽 Dª•i election duty …è^¥?
Why don't they have profits this year?

21. J`ÇxH÷ job ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ? 11. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ driving licence ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ?
Why doesn't he have a job?
12. "ŒiH÷ „²•Á•° ZO^ΰ䛽 …è~¡°?
22. P"³°ä›½ g° co-operation ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ?
Why doesn't she have your co-
13. J`ÇxH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 ^•³~á ¼¡ O …è^°Î ?
operation? 14. J`ÇxH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 =°Oz qualities …è=ô?
23. J`ÇxH÷ ‹¬i†³Ø°# P^¥†Ç°O ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ?
Why doesn't he have sufficient income? 15. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬ • ° Sunday work ZO^Î ° ä› ½
LO_È^ΰ?
24. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° leisure ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why don't they have leisure at all?

Z
A good teacher is worth one thousand priests. 126
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
=°#=ò D~ËA =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Have / Has' • Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
D ~ï O_•O\÷x grammar …Õ Anomalous Verbs JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive
Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts
<Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Vㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò H›ey†Çò#ß@°=O\÷ "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Have / Has "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. I have good friends here. 2. We have a test today.
3. She has a gold necklace. 4. He has good experience in business.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
V„
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "don't / doesn't have"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. I don't have the driving licence. 2. We don't have any problem here.
3. He doesn't have a job. 4. She doesn't have brothers.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Vㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò H›ey†Çò#ß@°=O\÷ "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Do / Does + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. Do you have leisure today? 2. Do you have an interview this week?
3. Does he have good income? 4. Does she have a fever now?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Vㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Don't / Doesn't have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. Don't you have any work today? 2. Don't you have rest at all?
2. Doesn't she have classes today ? 3. Doesn't he have money with him now?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

241. educate educated educated KÇ^ΰ=ô K³„²æOKÇ°@


242. elaborate elaborated elaborated q‹¬ëiO„¬K͆Çò@
243. elect elected elected Z#°ßHù#°@
244. elope eloped eloped „
ã †
² òÇ x`Ë ‡•i‡é=ô@
245. emigrate emigrated emigrated =•‹¬‡é=ô@
246. emphasize emphasized emphasized <ùH÷øK³„¬C@
247. enclose enclosed enclosed [`ÇK͆Çò@
248. encourage encouraged encouraged ‡ã é`Ç•‚²ìOKÇ°@
249. engage engaged engaged x=°Q®ß"³°Ø†ÇòO_È°@
250. enjoy enjoyed enjoyed J#°ƒ•’qOKÇ°@
251. enlarge enlarged enlarged q‹¬ëiO„¬*è†Çò@
252. enroll enrolled enrolled *ìa`Œ…Õ À„~¡°KÍ~¡°ó@
253. enter entered entered ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ°@
254. entertain entertained entertained q<Ë^΄¬~¡KÇ°@
255. eradicate eradicated eradicated ~¡¶„¬ô=¶„¬ô@
256. escape escaped escaped `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°@
257. escort escorted escorted `Ë_È°Qê "³ˆ×ä@
258. establish established established ª•Ö„O² KÇ°@
259. estimate estimated estimated q•°= x~¡â~òOKÇ°@
260. exaggerate exaggerated exaggerated Ju‰×†³¶H÷ëQê K³„¬C@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
128 Power comes from sincere service.
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POSSESSIONS - PAST

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J =¶ä›½ x#ß ‹Ì •=ô LO_•#k. J <Œ^ÎQ~
¾® ¡ x#ß ~¡¶. 500 LO_•#q.
J =¶ä›½ x#ß P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ KŒ…ì work =ôO_•#k. J "ŒiH÷ XH›„¬C_È° =°Oz property =ôO_•#k.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey †ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
'Had' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'had' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß <Œ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ ~¡¶. 5000 LO_•#q. 6. =°#ä› ½ XH› „ ¬ C _È ° ö H Oã ^ Î O …Õ stable
I had Rs. 5000 with me yesterday. government LO_Ík.
2. last Sunday <Œä›½ K³<³áß…Õ interview We had a stable government at centre
=ôO_•#k. once.
I had an interview in Chennai last 7. N.T.R.H÷ J„¬ C _È ° =°Oz popularity
Sunday. LO_•#k.
3. Last month =¶ä› ½ public exams N.T.R. had a good popularity then.
LO_•#q. 8. XH›„C¬ _È° "ŒiH÷ 100 acres land LO_•#k.
We had public examinations last They had 100 acres land once.
month. 9. <Œä›½ x#ß Journey …Õ =°Oz H›OÌ„h
4 =¶ cousin H÷ J„¬C_È° government job LO_•#k.
LO_•#k. I had a good company on my journey
My cousin had a govt. job then. yesterday.
5. =¶ä› ½ x#ß office …Õ heavy work 10. P"³°ä›½ ~Œãu KŒ…ì [Þ~¡=ò LO_•#k.
LO_•#k. She had a high fever last night.
We had heavy work in office yesterday.

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11. a.*.ÿ „.² H÷ Q®`OÇ …Õ `Çq°ˆ×<Œ_È°…Õ _•.†°Ç O.Hï . EXERCISE


support LO_•#k. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
The B.J.P. had the support of D.M.K. in
Tamil Nadu in the past.
1. =¶ä›½ last Sunday EAMCET LO_•#k.
12. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° KŒ…ì job opportunities
2. <Œä›½ x#ß Q®°O@¶~¡°…Õ work LO_•#k.
LO_Íq.
They had many job opportunities once. 3. =¶ä›½ last year six subjects LO_•#q.
13. =¶ä› ½ last Sunday special class 4. P"³°H÷ J„¬C_È° KŒ…ì ornaments LO_•#q.
LO_•#k. 5. J`ÇxH›„C¬ _È° KŒ…ì ‹¬=°‹¬¼•° LO_•#q.
We had a special class last Sunday.
6. =¶ä›½ last month WH›ø_È heavy rains
14. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° experienced lecturers
LO_•#q.
LO_•<Œ~¡°.
We had experienced lecturers then. 7. =¶ä›½ last week u~¡°=°•…Õ =°Oz
15. x#ß =¶ä›½ ‹
Ì •=ô LO_•#k. ^Î~Å¡ #=ò •a•Oz#k.
We had a holiday yesterday. 8. "ŒiH÷ last year =°Oz harvest („¬O@)
16. WOk~Œ, ~Œr"£ Hê•O…Õ HêOãQï ‹¹ ‡•s“H÷ LO_•#k.
=°Oz support LO_•#k. 9. =¶ä› ½ last time "Œi co-operation
The congress party had the people's LO_•#k.
support during the tenure of Indira and
10. "ŒiH÷ last week Hyderabad …Õ training
Rajeev.
classes LO_•#q.
17. Last year business …Õ "ŒiH÷ =°Oz
profits LO_•#q. 11. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° WO\ÕÁ XH› pet dog LO_Ík.
They had good profits in their business 12. <Œä›½ WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ Andhra Bank …Õ
last year. Account LO_Ík.
18. =¶ =°^•Î¼ XH›„C¬ _È° =°Oz unity LO_Ík. 13. =¶ä›½ x#ß office …Õ XH› urgent meeting
We had good unity among us once. LO_•#k.
19. =°# WO_•†Ç°<£ \©O…Õ =°#䛽 XH›„C¬ _È° 14. XH›„¬C_È° "ŒiH÷ D \º<£…Õ six buildings
=°Oz spin bowlers LO_Í"Œ~¡°. LO_•#q.
We had good spin bowlers in our Indian
15. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° Hê…èl…Õ =°Oz friends
team once.
LO_Í"Œ~¡°.
20. J`ÇxH›„C¬ _È° =°Oz P^¥†Ç°O LO_•#k.
He had good income then.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ J„¬C_È° D town …Õ J‹¬•° friends …è~¡°. J =¶ä›½ x#ß Hê…èl…Õ H›O„¬î¼@~Ÿ HêÁ‹¬° …è^ΰ.
J P"³° 䛽 J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° gold ornaments …è=ô. J =¶ brother H÷ x#ß office …Õ duty …è=ô.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.

D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, XH›„C¬ _È°
…èH› Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Did not + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject –> Singular, Plural U^³á##° "did not + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =¶ä›½ x#ß J‹¬•° leisure …è^ΰ. 6. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° own house …è^ΰ.
We did not have leisure yesterday. They did not have own house then.

2. <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ x#ß J‹¬•° money …è^ΰ. 7. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° Hê…èl…Õ =°Oz staff …è~¡°.
I did not have money with me We did not have good staff in our
yesterday. college then.

3. =¶ä›½ x#ß =¶ colony …Õ power supply 8. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° entrance tests LO_Íq
…è^ΰ. Hê=ô.
We did not have power supply in our We did not have entrance tests then.
colony yesterday. 9. J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° work LO_Ík Hê^ΰ.
4. =¶ brother H÷ J„¬C_È° D L^˼Q®=ò …è^°Î . He did not have work at all then.
My brother did not have this job then. 10. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° study classes LO_Íq Hê=ô.
5. P"³°H÷ x#ß J‹¬•° q㉧Ou …è^ΰ. They did not have study classes then.
She did not have rest yesterday. 11. <Œä›½ J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° ƒ•’†°Ç =òO_Ík Hê^ΰ.
I did not have fear at all then.

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12. XH› „ ¬ C _È ° =°# ^Í ‰ × O …Õ =°#H÷ Wxß EXERCISE


‹¬=°‹¬¼•°O_Íq Hê=ô. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We did not have all these problems in
our country once.
13. J`Ç x H÷ J„¬ C _È ° parents #°Oz 1. <Œä›½ last year text books …è=ô.
encouragement …è^ΰ.
2. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° third language LO_Ík
He did not have encouragement from
Hê^ΰ.
his parents then.
14. =¶ ~ËA•…Õ =¶ä›½ J‹¬•° D HË~¡°••° 3. =¶ brother H÷ J„¬C_È° D car …è^ΰ.
…è=ô. 4. P"³°H÷ J„¬C_È° Degree qualification …è^ΰ.
We did not have all these courses in
our days. 5. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° D town …Õ vote ‚¬ì䛽ø…è^°Î .
15. Last year =¶ä›½ =°Oz „¬O@•° …è=ô. 6. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° Ì‹•=ô•° Z䛽ø=Qê LO_Íq
We did not have good harvest last Hê=ô.
year.
7. <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ P time …Õ camera …è^ΰ.
16. Last year =¶ä›½ J‹¬•° practicals …è=ô.
We did not have preacticals last year. 8. =¶ä›½ x#ß office …Õ meeting …è^ΰ.
17. P"³°ä›½ J„¬C_È‹¬•° P WO\ÕÁ freedom 9. J`ÇxH÷ XH›„C¬ _È° WH›ø_È J‹¬•° |O^•Î°=ô•°
LO_Ík Hê^ΰ. …è~¡°.
She did not have freedom in that
10. P"³ ° ä› ½ XH› „ ¬ C _È ° J‹¬ • ° minimum
house then.
knowledge 䛕_¨ …è^ΰ.
18. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° business …Õ profits LO_Íq
Hê=ô. 11. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° WH›ø_È ‡Ú•O …è^ΰ.
They did not have profits in business
12. <Œä› ½ J„¬ C _È ° computer course •Ì „ á
then. J=Qꂬì# …è^ΰ.
19. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° J‹¬•° job opportunities
LO_Íq Hê=ô. 13. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° Hê…èr…Õ lab facilities …è=ô.
We did not have job opportunities 14. J„¬C_È° L^˼Q®°•ä›½ loan ªÏH›~¡¼O…è^ΰ.
then.
15. x#ß P >ÿØ"£°…Õ <Œ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ driving licence
20. =¶ father ^ÎQ®¾~¡ =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° leniance …è^ΰ.
LO_Ík Hê^ΰ.
We did not have lenience with our
father then. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h䛽 x#ß interview =ôO_•#^¥? J g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° KŒ…ì property =ôO_Í^¥?
J J`ÇxH÷ last month training =ôO_•#^¥? J P"³°ä›½ x#ß fever =ôO_•#^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡=ò, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
" Did + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ' Did + have' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ money =ôO_•#^¥? 6. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° KŒ…ì property LO_•#^¥?
Did you have money with you Did they have good property then?
yesterday? 7. h䛽 J„¬C_È° close firends =ôO_•<Œ~Œ?
2. Last Sunday g°ä› ½ special class Did you have close friends then?
=ôO_•#^¥?
8. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° college …Õ =°Oz staff
Did you have a special class last
LO_•<Œ~Œ?
Sunday?
Did you have good staff in the college
3. Last month g°ä› ½ public exams
then?
=ôO_•#"Œ?
Did you have public exams last month? 9. g° brother H÷ J„¬C_È° government job

4. Last year J`Ç x H÷ =°Oz income


=ôO_•#^¥?
Did your brother have a govt. job then?
=ôO_•#^¥?
Did he have good income last year? 10. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O holiday
5. P"³°ä›½ x#ß P„¦‹
Ô °¬ …Õ g°\÷OQ®° LO_•#^¥? =ôO_Í^¥?
Did she have a meeting in the office Did they have a holiday every Sunday
yesterday? then?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. hä› ½ last Sunday interview ZH› ø _È D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
LO_•#k?
Where did you have the interview last
Sunday?
1. h䛽 x#ß <Œ`Ë work LO_•#^¥ ?
12. g°ä›½ last year Zxß subjects =ôO_•#q? 2. g°ä›½ last Sunday exam LO_•#^¥ ?
How many subjects did you have last
3. J`ÇxH÷ XH›„C¬ _È° ‡•s“ „¬^q
Î =ôO_Í^¥ ?
year?
13. x#ß h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ ZO`Ç moeny LO_•#k? 4. P"³°ä›½ x#ß high temperature LO_•#^¥?
How much moeny did you have with 5. "ŒiH÷ XH› „ ¬ C _È ° KŒ…ì problems
you yesterday? LO_•<Œ†Ç¶ ?
14. g°~¡ ° x#ß ZO^Î ° ä› ½ J`Ç x `Ë `Ç Q ê^¥
H›ey†Çò<Œß~¡° ? 6. h䛽 last year =°Oz income LO_•#^¥?
Why did you have a quarrel with him 7. g°ä›½ XH›„¬C_È° "Œi =°^Îí`Ç° LO_Í^¥ ?
yesterday?
8. J`Ç x H÷ z#ß„¬ C _È ° `Ç e Á ^ Î O ã _ È ° •
15. x#ß h䛽 holiday ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_•#k? encouragement LO_Í^¥ ?
Why did you have a holiday yesterday?
16. Q®`Ç ‡•~¡"Á °³ O\˜…Õ HêOãQï ‹¹ä½› ZO`Ç =°Ok 9. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° drinking water facility
‹¬ƒ•’°¼•° LO_•<Œ~¡°. LO_Í^¥ ?
Howmany members did the congress 10. "ŒiH÷ XH› „ ¬ C _È ° D toun …Õ =°Oz
party have in the last Parliament?
influence LO_•#^¥ ?
17. last month h account …Õ ZO`Ç amount
=ôO_•#k? 11. g°ä›½ last time training ZH›ø_È LO_•#k?
Howmuch amount did you have on 12. NH› $ +¬ â ^ Í = ~Œ†Ç ò •° `Ç # court …Õ
your account last month? ZO`Ç=°Ok poets #° H›ey†ÇòO_•<Œ_È°?
18. WO`ÇH›=òO^ΰ g° ‘•„¬ô…Õ ZO`Ç=°Ok
13. g°ä›½ last month Zxß working days
Workers =ôO_•i?
Howmany workers did you have in
LO_•<Œ~ò ?
your shop then? 14. x#ß P time …Õ h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ ZO`Ç money
19. h䛽 J„¬C_È° <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç income =ôO_Ík? LO_•#k ?
Howmuch income did you have per
15. ~Œãu g°ä›½ party U hotel …Õ LO_•#k ?
month then?
20. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° Zxß ZH›~Œ• ƒ•’¶q° LO_Ík?
Howmany acres land did they have
then?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J x#ß h䛽 computer class …è^¥? J g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° own house …è^¥?
J P"³°ä›½ x#ß J‹¬•° rest …è^¥? J J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° D L^˼Q®O …è^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õ =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@䛽

"Didn't + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Didn't + have" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g°ä›½ classes …è"Œ? 7. g°ä›½ P ~ËA•…Õ entrance tests LO_Íq
Didn't you have classes yesterday? Hê"Œ?
2. Last week h䛽 office …Õ duty …è^¥? Didn't you have entrance tests in those
Didn't you have duty in the office last days?
week?
8. "ŒiH÷ last year business …Õ profits …è"Œ?
3. J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° D job …è^¥? Didn't they have profits in the business
Didn't he have this job then? last year?
4. P"³°H÷ x#ß WO\ÕÁ work Ug°…è^¥? 9. g°ä› ½ XH› „ ¬ C _È ° L^˼Q® J=Hê‰× = ò•°
Didn't she have any work in the house
yesterday?
LO_ÍqHê"Œ?
Didn't you have job opportunities once?
5. "ŒiH÷ XH›„¬C_È° J‹¬•° property …è^¥?
Didn't they have property at all once? 10. "Œi ^ÎQ®¾~¡ x#ß tickets …è"Œ?
Didn't they have tickets with them
6. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ x#ß money …è^¥? yesterday?
Didn't you have money with you
yesterday?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. x#ß h䛽 duty ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why didn't you have duty yesterday?
12. h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ P time …Õ licence ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? 1. Last year g°ä›½ office …Õ inspection
Why didn't you have the licence with
…è^¥?
you at that time?
2. Last Sunday g°ä›½ office …Õ meeting
13. g°ä›½ x#ß JH›ø_È programme ZO^ΰ䛽
…è^ΰ? …è^¥ ?
Why didn't you have a programme there 3. x#ß h ^ÎQ®¾~¡ P time …Õ money …è^¥?
yesterday? 4. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° Sanskrit subject LO_Ík
14. g°ä›½ last Sunday school …Õ test ZO^ΰ䛽 Hê^¥?
…è^ΰ? 5. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° WH›ø_È U problem …è^¥?
Why didn't you have test in the school
last Sunday?
6. x#ß h䛽 J‹¬•° leisure …è^¥?
15. h䛽 J„¬C_È° D post H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 J~¡Ý`Ç 7. g° TiH÷ J„¬C_È° bus =‹¬u LO_Ík
…è^ΰ? Hê^¥?
Why didn't you have eligibility for this 8. J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ J#°ƒ•’=O
post then ? …è^¥?
16. J`ÇxH÷ last year promotion ZO^ΰ䛽 9. g°ä› ½ J„¬ C _È ° "Œ¼‡•~¡ O O…Õ profits
~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why didn't he have a promotion last
ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_ÍqHê=ô?
year? 10. J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° regular income ZO^ΰ䛽
17. "Œi =°^•Î¼ J„¬C_È° unity ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ? …è^ΰ?
Why didn't they have unity among them 11. h student days …Õ h䛽 close friends
then? ZO^Î°ä› …è~¡°?
18. g°ä›½ last month exams `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç ‹
Ì •=ô•° 12. h=ô last time "Œi ‹¬‚¬ìHê~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽
ZO^ΰ䛽 …è=ô?
Why didn't you have holidays after the
H›ey†ÇòO_È…è^ΰ?
exams last month?
13. x#ß P"³°ä›½ ZO^ΰ䛽 rest …è^ΰ?
19. Last time J`ÇxH÷ "Œi support ZO^ΰ䛽 14. Last time "ŒiH÷ D J=Hê‰×O ZO^ΰ䛽
…è^ΰ? ~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why didn't he have their support last 15. x#ß h=ô lunch ZO^ΰ䛽 H›ey†ÇòO_È
time? …è^ΰ?
20. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° night duties ZO^ΰ䛽O_Íq
Hê=ô ?
Why didn't you have night duties then? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Had" Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Had' #° grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb JO\ì~¡°. nxx Past tense …Õ L„¬†¶ ³ yª•ë=ò.
nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
=°#=ò Q® ` Ç O …Õ H› e y†Ç ò O_•# "Œ\÷ x Q® ° iOz ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "Had"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I had an interview last Sunday. 2. We had holidays last month.
3. He had many problems once. 4. They had heavy work yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
=°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Did not + have"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I did not have class work yesterday. 3. He did not have rest yesterday.
2. We did not have any problem then. 4. They didn't have this property
once.
3. QUESTION FORM :
=°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ H›ey†ÇòO_•# "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Did +
have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Did you have work yesterday? 2. Did you have good opportunities once?
3. Did he have training last month?4. Did they have good harvest last time ?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
=°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Didn't + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Didn't you have class yesterday?
2. Didn't he have this job then?
3. Didn't she have good company on journey yesterday?
4. Didn't they have income once ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

261. examine examined examined „¬sH÷ÆOKÇ°@


262. exchange exchanged exchanged Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°@
263. excuse excused excused =°xßOKÇ°@, H›Æq°OKÇ°@
264. exercise exercised exercised Jƒ•’¼‹²OKÇ°@
265. exceed exceeded exceeded JuãH›q°OKÇ°@
266. exhibit exhibitted exhibitted ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ°@
267. exist existed existed rqOz†ÇòO_È°@
268. expand expanded expanded q‹¬ëiO„¬K͆Çò@
269. expose exposed exposed |†Ç°•°„¬~¡KÇ°@
270. express expressed expressed `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°@
271. extend extended extended q‹¬ëiOKÇ°@
272. fabricate fabricated fabricated H›eæOKÇ°@
273. facilitate facilitated facilitated ‹¬°•ƒ•’=òK͆òÇ @
274. fade faded faded HêOu‚Ôì#=°Q®°@
275. fail failed failed q„¦¬•=°Q®°@
276 fascinate fascinated fascinated W+¬“„¬_È°#@°Á K͆Çò@
277. fast fasted fasted L„¬"Œ‹¬=òO_È°@
278. fear feared feared ƒ•’†°Ç „¬_°È @
279. feign feigned feigned #\÷OKÇ°@
280 felicitate felicitated felicitated Ja•#OkOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
138 Where there is light, there is a shadow.
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POSSESSIONS - FUTURE

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz


‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô college …Õ special class LO@°Ok. J P"³°ä›½ ö~„¬ô q㉧Ou LO@°Ok.
J =¶ä›½ exams `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç ‹Ì •=ô•° LO\ì~ò. J "ŒiH÷ D ª•i =°Oz profits LO\ì~ò.


Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey †ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have" L„¬†³¶ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Will have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô P„¦ Ô ‹ ¬ ° …Õ special duty 5. h䛽 =°Oz ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë LO@°Ok.
LO@°Ok. You will have a bright future.
I will have special duty in the office 6. g°ä› ½ selection `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç training
tomorrow. LO@°Ok.
2. =¶ä›½ =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O Hê…èl…Õ function You will have training after the
LO@°Ok. selection.
We will have function in the college 7. "ŒiH÷ D season …Õ =°Oz sales
next Sunday. LO\ì~ò.
3. =¶ brother H÷ next year promotion They will have good sales in this
LO@°Ok. season.
My brother will have a promotion next 8. =¶ä›½ =KÍó <³• school …Õ P@• ‡é\©•°
year. LO\ì~ò.
4. "ŒiH÷ =KÍó March …Õ public exams We will have sports competitions in our
LO\ì~ò. school next month.
They will have public examinations 9. g°ä›½ „¬sH›Æ• `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Ì‹•=ô•° LO\ì~ò.
next March. You will have holidays after the
examinations.

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10. h䛽 D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ =¶ co-operation EXERCISE


LO@°Ok. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
You will have our co-operation in this
matter. 1. hä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ <Œ help
11. g°ä›½ =°~¡• WOHùH› J=Hê‰×O LO@°Ok. LO@°Ok.
You will have another opportunity. 2. g°ä› ½ JH› ø _È =°Oz programmes
12. J`ÇxH÷ JH›ø_È KŒ…ì troubles LO\ì~ò. LO\ì~ò.
He will have many troubles there.
3. =¶ brother H÷ next month Delhi …Õ
13. "ŒiH÷ next year KŒ…ì syllabus LO@°Ok. interview LO@°Ok.
They will have heavy syllabus next
4. g°ä›½ next year WOHùH› ï~O_È° subjects
year.
LO\ì~ò.
14. <Œä›½ next year increment LO@°Ok. 5. P"³°ä›½ D medicine ^¥Þ~Œ quick relief
I will have increment next year.
LO@°Ok.
15. =°#䛽 =KÍó E<£…Õ Municipal elections 6. =¶ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È =°Oz entertainment
LO\ì~ò.
LO@°Ok.
We will have Municipal elections next
June. 7. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È KŒ…ì >ÿØ"£° LO@°Ok.
16. g°ä› ½ next month JH› ø _È seminar
8. hä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ "Œi ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ì Hê~¡ O
LO@°Ok. LO@°Ok.
You will have a seminar there next 9. =¶ä›½ D ~ËA Hê…èl…Õ staff meeting
month. LO@°Ok.
17. =¶ brother 䛽 next Sunday Hyderabad 10. h䛽 life …Õ Jxß comforts LO\ì~ò.
…Õ g°\÷OQ· LO@°Ok. 11. h䛽 God blessings LO\ì~ò.
My brother will have a meeting in
12. J`ÇxH÷ ㄬu q+¬†Ç°O…Õ WH› #°Oz =¶
Hyderabad next Sunday.
support LO@°Ok.
18. P"³°ä›½ ö~„¬ô H›O\÷H÷ operation LO@°Ok.
13. "ŒiH÷ D ª•i KŒ…ì fã="³°# Ø punishment
She will have an operation to her eye
tomorrow.
LO@°Ok.
14. h䛽 future …Õ J`Çx =•# KŒ…ì troubles
19. "ŒiH÷ next year =°Oz Q® ° ië O „¬ ô
LO@°Ok. They will have good
LO\ì~ò.
recognition next year. 15. g°ä›½ D ª•i =°Oz remuneration
20. <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô KŒ…ì leisure LO@°Ok. LO@°Ok.
I will have much leisure tomorrow.
Z
Time and tide wait for none. 140
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô office …Õ duty =ôO_È^ΰ. J =¶ä›½ next week classes =ôO_È=ô.
J h䛽 WH› transfer =ôO_È^ΰ. J J`ÇxH÷ WH› U ‹¬=°‹¬¼ LO_È^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Will not + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ' will not + have' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô U work =ôO_È^ΰ. 6. h䛽 =°~¡… D J=Hê‰×O LO_È^ΰ.
I will not have any work tomorrow. You will not have this opportunity

2. =¶ä›½ =KÍóPk"Œ~¡O test =ôO_È^ΰ. again.

We will not have test next Sunday. 7. =¶ä›½ WH› increment =ôO_È^ΰ.
3. =¶ brother H÷ WH› promotion =ôO_È^ΰ. We will not have any increment.

My brother will not have a promotion. 9. g°ä›½ WH› work …Õ risk =ôO_È^ΰ.
4. =¶ä›½ exams `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Ì‹•=ô•° =ôO_È=ô. You will not have any risk in the work.

We will not have holidays after the 10. P"³°H÷ WH› JH›ø_È U problem =ôO_È^ΰ.
exams. She will not have any problem there.

5. J`ÇxH÷ WH› =¶ co-operation =ôO_È^ΰ. 11. "ŒiH÷ next season …Õ sales =ôO_È=ô.
He will not have our co-operation They will not have sales in the next
hereafter. season.

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11. "ŒiH÷ ö ~ „¬ ô Hê•h…Õ power supply EXERCISE

=ôO_È^ΰ. They will not have power D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
supply in the colony tomorrow.

12. <Œä›½ D ª•i election duty =ôO_È^ΰ. 1. <Œä›½ WH› U ‹¬=°‹¬¼ LO_È^ΰ.
I will not have election duty this time. 2. =¶ä›½ Next year D subject LO_È^ΰ.
13. =¶ä› ½ next year language paper
3. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô English class LO_È^ΰ.
=ôO_È^ΰ. 4. _•ã w q^¥¼~¡ ° í • ä› ½ WH› g°^Î @
We will not have language paper next supplementary „¬sH›Æ•° LO_È=ô.

year. 5. P"³°ä›½ WH› P WO\ÕÁ freedom LO_È^ΰ.


14. g°ä›½ JH›ø_È U trouble =ôO_È^ΰ. 6. P q+¬†°Ç O…Õ <Œä›½ U ƒì^•Î¼`Ç LO_È^°Î .
You will not have any trouble there. 7. h䛽 JH›ø_È ö~„¬ô U =‹¬u LO_È^ΰ.
15. "ŒiH÷ next year entrance test =ôO_È^ΰ. 8. WH› "Œi =°^μ unity LO_È^ΰ.
They will not have the entrance test 9. =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O #°O_• 10th class "ŒiH÷
next year. 11 papersLO_È=ô.

16. <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô J‹¬•° leisure =ôO_È^ΰ. 10. D scheme ^¥Þ~Œ =°#䛽 U „ ã †
¬ ¶
³ [#O
I will not have leisure at all tomorrow. LO_È^ΰ.
17. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È g°\÷OQ· =ôO_È^ΰ. 11. =°#䛽 ö~„¬ô town …Õ power supply
You will not have meeting there
LO_È^ΰ.
tomorrow. 12. WOHùH› 50 ‹¬OII• =~¡ä›½ =°#䛽 =°#
‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ ‹¬°<Œg° ƒ•’†°Ç O LO_È^°Î .
18. =¶ä›½ D ª•i Z䛽ø= profits =ôO_È=ô.
We will not have much profit this time.
13. J`ÇxH÷ D `Ç„¬CH÷ U tHÆê LO_È^ΰ.
14. P"³°ä›½ next time D payment LO_È^ΰ.
19. J`ÇxH÷ next time =¶ support LO_È^ΰ.
He will not have our support next time.
15. "ŒiH÷ D project =•# U q^•Î"°³ # Ø
#+¬“=ò LO_È^ΰ.
20. h䛽 WH›#°Oz D business …Õ Z䛽ø=
income =ôO_È^ΰ.
You will not have much income in this
business hereafter. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h䛽 ö~„¬ô special class =ôO@°O^¥? J g°ä›½ next week exams =ôO\ì†Ç¶?
J J`ÇxH÷ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O promotion =ôO@°O^¥? J "ŒiH÷ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È meeting LO@°O^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
" Shall + have" or " Will + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
I, We Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Shall + have'
You, He, She, It, They, Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° will + have' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°#=ò D ~ËA ~ŒãuH÷ hotel …Õ dinner 7. "ŒiH÷ D season …Õ =°Oz sales
H›ey†ÇòO^¥=¶? LO\ì†Ç¶?
Shall we have dinner at hotel tonight? Will they have good sales in this
season?
2. =°#=ò HùO`Ç‹
À „¬ô rest H›ey†ÇòO^¥=¶?
Shall we have rest for a while? 8. hä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô P„¦ Ô ‹ ¬ ° …Õ work Zä› ½ ø=Qê
LO@°O^¥?
3. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô holiday LO@°O^¥?
Will you have heavy work in the office
Will you have a holiday tomorrow?
tomorrow ?
4. "ŒiH÷ next week inspection =ôO@°O^¥?
9. h䛽 JH›ø_È =°Oz =‹¬u LO@°O^¥?
Will they have inspection next week?
Will you have good accommodation
5. J`Ç x H÷ D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O promotion there?
=ôO@°O^¥? 10. "ŒiH÷ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O䛕_¨ =°Oz profits
Will he have a promotion this year? LO\ì†Ç¶?
6. P"³°ä›½ P WO\ÕÁ ‹
À ÞKÇ•ó LO@°O^¥? Will they have good profits this year
Will she have freedom in that house? also?

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11. h䛽 ö~„¬ô duty ZH›ø_È =ôO@°Ok? EXERCISE


Where will you have the duty D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
tomorrow?

12. g° brother H÷ transfer Z„¬C_È° =ôO@°Ok? 1. hä› ½ selection `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç training


When will your brother have the LO@°O^¥?
transfer? 2. g°ä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È U^³ á < Œ problem
13. g°ä›½ next year Zxß subjects =ôO\ì~ò? LO@°O^¥ ?
Howmany subjects will you have next 3. J`ÇxH÷ next week Chennai …Õ interriew
year? LO@°O^¥ ?
14. next year hä› ½ ZO`Ç increment 4. P"³°ä›½ JH›ø_È "Œi ‹¬‚ì¬ Hê~¡O LO@°O^¥?
=ôO@°Ok? 5. "ŒiH÷ next month elections LO\ì†Ç¶?
Howmuch increment will you have 6. hä› ½ D field …Õ =°Oz future
next year? =ôO@°O^¥ ?
15. Dª•i J=Hê‰×O Z=iH÷ LO@°Ok? 7. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È U^³á<Œ programme
Who will have the opportunity this LO@°O^¥ ?
time? 8. P†Ç°#䛽 next month examination duty
16. g°ä›½ „¬sH›Æ•° Z„¬C_È° LO\ì~ò? =ôO@°O^¥ ?
When will you have the examinations? 9. P"³ ° ä› ½ D medicines =•# caugh
17. Next month g°ä› ½ g°\÷ O Q· ZH› ø _È #°Oz relief LO@°O^¥ ?
LO@°Ok? 10. "ŒiH÷ Dª•ï~< á Œ„ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß U~Œæ@° KÍ‹
À
Where will you have the meeting next "³°*ìi\© LO@°O^¥ ?
month ? 11. g°ä›½ =°~¡• Z„¬C_È° holidays =ôO\ì~ò?
18. h䛽 ö~„¬ô liesure Z„¬C_È° LO@°Ok ? 12. h䛽 training `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç posting ZH›ø_È
When will you have leisure tomorrow? LO@°Ok ?
19. g°ä›½ exams `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç Zxß~ËA•° ‹
Ì •=ô•° 13. "ŒiH÷ ö~„¬ô U „¬sH›Æ =ôO@°Ok?
LO\ì~ò? 14. g°ä›½ Group-I „¬sH›Æ䛽 Zxß optional
Howmany holidays will you have after subjects LO\ì~ò ?
the examinations? 15. EAMCET Jƒ•’¼~°¡ •Ö 䛽 counselling Z„¬C_È°
20. ö~„¬ô =°# section …Õ night duty Z=iH÷ LO@°Ok ?
=ôO@°Ok ?
Who will have the night duty in our
section tomorrow ? Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬ô h䛽 work LO_È^¥? J g°ä›½ next month ‹Ì •=ô•° LO_È"Œ ?
J J`ÇxH÷ next year promotion LO_È^¥? J P"³°ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È U ‹¬=°‹¬¼ LO_È^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³• …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Won't + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Shalln't + have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
You, He, She, It, They - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Won't have" L„¬¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h䛽 ö~„¬ô class work LO_È^¥? 6. h䛽 next time JH›ø_È J=Hê‰×=ò LO_È^¥?
Won't you have class work tomorrow? Won't you have an opportunity there
next time?
2. g°ä›½ exams `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Ì‹•=ô•° LO_È"Œ?
Won't you have holidays after the 7. g°ä›½ selection `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç training LO_È^¥?
exams? Won't you have training after the
selection?
3. J`ÇxH÷ next year transfer LO_È^¥?
Won't he have a transfer next year? 8. J`ÇxH÷ =°Oz ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë LO_È^¥?
Won't he have a bright future?
4. P"³°H÷ Dq+¬†Ç°O…Õ "Œi ã‡é`Œ•‚¬ìO
LO_È^¥ ? 9. P"³°H÷ JH›ø_È "Œi ‹¬‚¬ìHê~¡O LO_È^¥?
Won't she have their encouragement in Won't she have their co-operation
this matter? there?

5. "ŒiH÷ Dª•i =°Oz profits LO_È"Œ? 10. "ŒiH÷ next Sunday meeting LO_È^¥?
Won't they have good profits this time? Won't they have meeting next Sunday?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h䛽 ö~„¬ô duty ZO^ΰ䛽 =ôO_È^ΰ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why won't you have duty tomorrow?

12. g°ä› ½ next season …Õ sales 1. h䛽 ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È work LO_È^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È=ô?
Why won't you have sales in the next 2. g°ä› ½ Dª•i summer …Õ classes
season? LO_È"Œ?
13. J`Ç x H÷ D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O promotion 3. J`ÇxH÷ ö~„¬ô duty LO_È^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 4. P"³°H÷ P job …Õ Z@°=O\÷ risk LO_È^¥?
Why won't he have a promotion this
year? 5. g°ä›½ next year D subject LO_È^¥?
14. P"³°H÷ JH›ø_È ‹
À ÞKÇ•ó ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^°Î ? 6. P†Ç°#䛽 JH›ø_È Ug° trouble LO_È^¥?
Why won't she have freedom there?
7. "ŒiH÷ Dª•i g°`Ë discussions LO_È"Œ?
15. "ŒiH÷ next year recruitments ZO^ΰ䛽
LO_È=ô? 8. h䛽 Dª•i P post ä› ½ competition
Why won't they have recruitments next
LO_È^¥?
year? 9. "ŒiH÷ JH›ø_È =‹¬`Ç°•° LO_È"Œ?
16. h䛽 JH›ø_È "Œi support ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 10. hä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È programme
Why won't you have their support ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
there?
11. g°ä› ½ Dª•i admission test
17. g°ä›½ Dª•i =°Oz „¬O@ ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^°Î ? ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why won't you have good harvest this
12. P†Ç°#H÷ Dª•i =°Oãu =~¡O¾ …Õ ª•Ö#=ò
time?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
18. "Œi =°^•Î¼ ‹¬‚ì¬ Hê~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^°Î ? 13. P"³°ä›½ JH›ø_È "Œi company (`Ë_È°)
Why won't they have co-operation
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
among them?
14. "ŒiH÷ D „¬ ^ Š Î H › = ò ^¥Þ~Œ benefits
19. =KÍó series …Õ Ganguly H÷ team …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽O_È=ô?
ª•Ö#"³°O^ΰ䛽O_È^°Î ?
Why won't Ganguly have room in the 15. g°ä› ½ =KÍ ó season 䛽 water supply
team in the next series? ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
20. ö~„¬ô g°ä›½ Ì‹•=ô ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why won't you have a holiday
tomorrow? Z
Fools build houses and wisemen live in them. 146
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
=°#=ò D~ËA =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Will have' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will have "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will have leisure tomorrow. 2. We will have inspection next month.
3. He will have a bright future. 4. They will have a meeting tomorrow.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ XH›~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Won't have "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I won't have any trouble from them.
2. We won't have any risk there.
3. He won't have their support next time.
4. She won't have any recognition there.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_ȃÕ=ô "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall
have / Will have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shall I have leave tomorrow? 2. Shall we have dinner tonight?
3. Will you have comforts there? 4. Will they have exams next month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ H›ey†ÇòO_Èx "Œ\÷x Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shalln't / Won't + have " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Won't you have leisure tomorrow? 2. Won't you have a goal?
3. Won't she have help from them? 3. Won't they have job opportinities in
future ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

281 fetch fetched fetched ‡é~ò`³KÇ°ó@


282 fill filled filled xO„¬ô@
283 finish finished finished =òyOKÇ°@
284 fix fixed fixed ‹²Ö~¡„¬~¡KÇ°@
285 flatter flattered flattered ‡ÚQ®_È°@
286 float floated floated `Í•°@
287 flourish flourished flourished Ja•=$kœKO³ ^ΰ@
288 flow flowed flowed ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°@
289 follow followed followed J#°‹¬iOKÇ°@
290 found founded founded ª•Ö„O² KÇ°@
291 frame framed framed U~¡æ~¡KÇ°@
292 frighten frightened frightened ƒ•’†°Ç „Ì @°“
293 fry fried fried "Í~òOKÇ°@
294 fulfil fulfilled fulfilled <³~¡"Í~¡°ó@
295 gabble gabbled gabbled =^Î~¡°@, ãÀ„•°@
296 gallop gallopped gallopped "ÍQ®OQê „¬iïQ`Ç°ë@
297 gamble gambled gambled E^Î=¶_È°@
298 gape gaped gaped P=ôeOKÇ°@
299 gargle gargled gargled „¬ôH÷øeOKÇ°@
300 gather gathered gathered À‹H›iOKÇ°@

D ~ËA …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,


Spoken English lesson
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
148 Great talkers are not great doers.
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'BE' FORMS - PRESENT - AM, IS, ARE


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° XH› English lecturer x. J "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° exam hall …Õ L<Œß=ò.
J N J|°í…˜ H›…ì"£° =°# ãÌ„‹²_³O\˜. J "Í°=ò D ~ËA KŒ…ì busy Qê L<Œß=ò.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê W„¬C_È°, ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° L#ß
XH› Position, Place or Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 Present 'Be' forms J~ò#
"Am/ Is/ Are" •#° L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
'I' Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "am"
He, She, It Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "is"
We, you, they Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "are" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° XH› _•ãw q^¥¼iÖx. 6. Cricket XH› P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡"³°Ø# P@.
I am a degree student. Cricket is an interesting game.

2. "Í°=ò D ‡¦•¼H›s“ „¬x"Œ~¡=ò. 7. "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° HêÁ‹¹ ~¡¶=ò…Õ L<Œß=ò.


We are the workers of this factory. We are in the class-room now.

3. =¶ father XH› bank officer. 8. =¶ grandfather W„¬C_È° hospital …Õ


My father is a bank officer. L<Œß~¡°.
4. =¶ mother XH› Q®$‚²ì}÷. My grandfather is in the hospital now.

My mother is a house-wife. 9. "Œ~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Delhi …Õ L<Œß~¡°.


5. India XH› Qù„¬æ ^͉×=ò. They are in Delhi at present.

India is a great country. 10. =¶ father W„¬C_È° P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ L<Œß~¡°.


My father is at his office now.

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EXERCISE
11. „²•Á•° "Í°_Èg°^Î L<Œß~¡°.
Children are upstairs. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.

12. [O`Ç°=ô•° J_Èq…Õ LO\ì~ò. 1. <Í#° XH› bank L^˼yx.


Animals are in the forest.
2. ªÏ~¡"£ Q®OQ®¶b =°# team captain.
13. <Í#° W„¬C_È° KŒ…ì happy Qê =ô<Œß#°. 3. N KÇOã^΃ì|° T.D.P. J^•Î¼ä›½Æ _È°.
I am very happy now.
4. N A.P.J. Abdul Kalam =°# ~ŒR„¬u.
14. "Í°=ò D ~ËA KŒ…ì busy Qê L<Œß=ò.
5. =¶ uncle XH› heart specialist.
We are very busy today.
6. =¶ elder sister XH› post graduate.
15. =¶ cousin KŒ…ì ªé=°i.
My cousin is very lazy.
7. Mr. Rao =¶ Physics lecturer.

8. ‚
Ì ìá ^Î~Œƒì^ΰ XH› Qù„¬æ KŒiã`Œ`ÇàH› #Q®~=
¡ ò.
16. "Œ~¡° KŒ…ì c^Î"Œ~¡°.
They are very poor. 9. =¶ parents „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =¶ =îi…Õ =ô<Œß~°¡ .

17. D~ËA "Œ`Œ=~¡}O KÇ•ÁQêL#ßk. 10. _•ãw q^¥¼~¡°•Ö ° W„¬C_È° Physics lab …Õ
The weather is cold today.
=ô<Œß~¡°.
11. u~¡°„¬u XH› †Ç¶ã`Œ ‹¬Ö•=ò.
18. D ~ËA question paper KŒ…ì H›+¬“OQê
L#ßk. 12. H›=°…˜‚¬ð‹¬<£ XH› Qù„¬æ #@°_È°.
The question paper is very difficult 13. `³•°Q®°^͉O× XH› ‡ã •Of†Ç° ‡•s“.
today.
14. U‹¬°Hã ‹
© °¬ ë JO^ÎiH© „
ã ƒ¬ •’°=ô.
19. h=ô KŒ…ì |•‚Ôì#OQê =ô<Œß=ô.
15. ‡ã •¦ <£• XH› ‡•‰§ó`¼Ç ^͉=× ò.
You are very week.

20. =¶ grandmother J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê L<Œß~¡°.


My grand mother is ill.

Z
A great deal of talent is lost for want of a little courage. 150
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NEGATIVE FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬ô_È° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò …èx ª•Ö#=ò


(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° D college student x Hê#°. J "Í°=ò D town …Õ =ôO_È=ò.
J J`Ç_È° D~ËA duty …Õ …è_È°. J P"³° =¶ class teacher Hê^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò …èx ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò …èx XH› Position, Place or Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
Present 'Be' Forms J~ò#
"Am not / Is not / Are not" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I' Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "am not"
He, She, It Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "is not"
We, You, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "are not" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° XH› govt. employee x Hê#°. 7. "Œ~¡° ƒ•ì~¡f†Çò•° Hê~¡°.
I am not a government employee. They are not Indians.

2. "Í°=ò D Hê…èl q^¥¼~¡°Ö•O Hê^ΰ. 8. <Í#° h servant x Hê#°.


We are not the students of this college. I am not your servant.

3. D ㄬ=¶^¥xH÷ Hê~¡}O <Í#° Hê^ΰ. 9. J…ì =¶\ìÁ_È_¨xH÷ <Í#° „¦¬î…˜x Hê#°.


I am not responsible for this accident. I am not a fool to speak so.

4. =¶ father XH› lawyer Hê^ΰ. 10. =¶ cousin post graduate Hê^ΰ.


My father is not a lawyer. My cousin is not a post-graduate.

5. P"³° <Œ class mate Hê^ΰ. 11. P"³° W„¬C_È° J H›ƒ


Á ˜ ‹¬ƒ•’°¼~Œ•° Hê^ΰ.
She is not my class-mate. She is not a member of that club now.

6. T.D.P. *ìf†Ç° ‡•s“ Hê^ΰ. 12. =¶ father D~ËA duty…Õ …è~¡°.


The T.D.P. is not a national party. My father is not on duty today.

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13. P"³° W„¬C_È° WO\ÕÁ …è^ΰ. EXERCISE


She is not at home now. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
14. "Œ~¡° W„¬C_È° D town…Õ …è~¡°.
They are not in this town now. 1. <Í#° P party ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_È#° Hê#°.
16. "Í°=ò D ~ËA busy Qê …è=ò. 2. "Í°=ò ^•Î#=O`Ç°•=òHê=ò.
We are not busy today. 3. J`Ç_È° D factory worker Hê^ΰ.
17. P"³ ° D ~ËA active Qê …è ^ Î ° . 4. P"³° =¶ class teacher Hê^ΰ.
She is not active today.
5. "Œ~¡° POã^•Î°•° Hê~¡°.
18. D course g°ä›½ L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡O Hê^ΰ.
6. <Í#° D ~ËA free Qê …è#°.
This course is not useful to you.
7. "Í ° =ò ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P committee …Õ
19. Physics ‹¬°•ƒ•’"°³ #
Ø subject Hê^ΰ.
‹¬ƒ•’°¼•=ò Hê^ΰ.
Physics is not an easy subject.
8. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë Ç „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO…Õ P†Ç°# =°OãuHê^ΰ.
20. D item ~¡°zQê …è^ΰ.
This item is not delicious. 9. P"³° D hospital …Õ nurse Hê^ΰ.
10. "Œ~¡° D ãQê=° F@~¡°Á Hê~¡°.
11. <Í#° WH›ø_È happy Qê …è#°.
12. "Í°=ò ªé=°~¡°•O Hê^ΰ.
13. Sanskrit H›+¬“"³°Ø# subject Hê^ΰ.

14. P camera W„¬C_È° <Œ`Ë…è^ΰ.


15. J`Ç_È° x*ì~òf „¬~¡°_È°Hê^ΰ.
16. "Œ~¡° =°# ^Í‰× ‡Ï~¡°•° Hê~¡°.
17. J`Ç_È° <Œ friend Hê^ΰ.
18. Pt+¹ <³ã‚¬• ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç team …Õ …è_È°.
19. Wk =¶ ‹¬ÞO`Ç W•°ÁHê^ΰ.
20. "Œ~¡° <Œ well-wishers Hê^ΰ.

Z
Attention is one's first duty. 152
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QUESTION FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° „ã ‹


¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô D Hê…èl q^¥¼iÖ"Œ? J g°~¡° D P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ L^˼Q®°…ì?
J g° father XH› lawyer Qê =ô<Œß~Œ? J P"³° D ~ËA J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô#ß^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß XH› Position, Place or Condition Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
Present 'Be' Forms J~ò#
"Am / Is / Are" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
'I' Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "am"
He, She, It Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "is"
We, You, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "are" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô Engineering q^¥¼iÖ"Œ? 6. h=ô ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O Andhra University

Are you an engineering student? q^¥¼iÖ"Œ?


Are you a student of Andhra
2. g°~¡° D Hê•h "Œ‹¬°…ì?
University?
Are you the residents of this colony?
7. P"³° D ~Ë[O`Œ J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô#ß^¥?
3. g° father XH› businessman Qê =ô<Œß~Œ?
Is she sick today?
Is your father a businessman?
8. T\©…Õ climate KÇ•ÁQê =ôO@°O^¥?
4. g° brother U.S.A. …Õ Software Engineer
Is the climate cold in Ooty?
Qê †Çò<Œß~Œ?
Is your brother a Software Engineer in 9. g° father D~ËA busy Qê =ô<Œß~Œ?
the U.S.A.? Is your father busy today?

5. N=°u =¶•u g° English lecturer Qê 10. D ~ËA match interesting Qê =ô#ß^¥?


=ô<Œß~Œ? Is the match interesting today?

Is Mrs. Malathi your lecturer in English?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g° Principal Z=~¡°? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Who is your Principal at present?

12. D ~ËA HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° H÷ h=ô ZO^Î ° ä› ½ late 1. g°~¡° XH› school teacher Qê L<Œß~Œ ?
J~ò<Œ=ô?
Why are you late to the class today ?
2. h=ô XH› Muslim =°`Ç‹°¬ _Ö •"Œ ?

13. g° parents Z…ì =ô<Œß~¡°? 3. J`Ç_È° XH› IAS Officer Qê L<Œß~Œ ?


How are your parents?
4. P"³° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P~ËQ®¼OQê L#ß^¥ ?
14. W„¬C_È° time ZO`Ç?
What time is it now?
5. "Œ~¡° g° |O^•Î°=ô…ì ?

15. g° HêÁ‹¬°…Õ ZO`Ç =°Ok girls =ô<Œß~¡°? 6. h=ô D club Secretary Qê L<Œß"Œ ?
Howmany girls are there in your class?
7. g° father D "Œ~¡O camp …Õ L<Œß~Œ ?
16. g° elder brother =†Ç°‹¬°• ZO`Ç?
8. P"³° XH› ‚²ìOn actress Qê L#ß^¥ ?
How old is your elder brother?

17. D <Œ•°yO\÷…Õ h ‹¬¶ø@~Ÿ Uk? 9. g° elder sister _¨H›“~Œ ?


Which is your scooter among these
10. D W•°Á g° ‹¬ÞO`Ç^Í<Œ ?
four?
11. g° native place Uk ?
18. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g° grand-father ZH›ø_È L<Œß~¡°?
Where is your grand-father now ? 12. g° family …Õ ZO`Ç=°Ok =ôO\ì~¡° ?
19. D ~ËA `ŒsY° Uq°? 13. h=ô Z=i g°^Î HË„¬OQê =ô<Œß=ô ?
What date is it today?
14. h hobbies Uq°\÷ ?
20. h=ô D ~ËA ZO^ΰ䛽 dull Qê =ô<Œß=ô ?.
Why are you dull today? 15. D new film Z…ì =ô#ßk ?

Z
A man should live within his income. 154
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡°
…è#@°=O\÷ XH› Position, Place or Condition Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°
KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Wk g° own house Hê^¥ ? J Sanskrit ‹¬°•ƒ•’"°³ #
Ø ƒ•ì+¬ Hê^¥ ?
J g° father XH› govt. employee Hê^¥ ? J <Í#° h ‰ã †
õ ¶³ a•…ì+²x Hê^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#=ò …è#@°=O\÷ XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° …èx XH›
Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Isn't / Aren't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I' Subject Qê L#ß#¶ Aren't =KÇ°ó#°. Amn't L„¬†³¶yOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
He, She, It Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° Isn't
We, You, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° Aren't =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô Mr. <Œ~Œ†Ç°} Qêi 䛽=¶~¡°_•q 7. g° father W„¬C_È° WO\ÕÁ …è~Œ?
Hê^¥? Isn't your father at home now?
Aren't you the son of Mr. Narayana?
8. P"³° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È ‹¬O`Ë+¬OQê …è^¥?
2. g°~¡° D ^ׇ͉Ï~¡°•° Hê^¥? Isn't she happy there at present ?
Aren't you the citizens of this country?
9. "Œ~¡° ^•Î#=O`Ç°•° Hê~Œ?
3. J`Ç_È° h class-mate Hê^¥? Aren't they rich?
Isn't he your class-mate ?
10. D~ËA cricket match interesting Qê …è^¥?
4. D~ËA Pk"Œ~¡O Hê^¥? Isn't the cricket match interesting today?
Isn't it Sunday today ?
11. h=ô govt. employee Hê^¥?
5. "Œ~¡° g° |O^•Î°=ô•° Hê~Œ? Aren't you a govt. employee ?
Aren't they your relatives ?
12. g° brother h䛽 helpful Qê =ôO_È_¨?
6. h=ô D~ËA duty …Õ …è"Œ? Isn't your brother helpful to you?
Aren't you on duty today ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

13. D~ËA Ì‹•=ô ZO^ΰ䛽Hê^ΰ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why isn't it a holiday today?
1. h=ô D Hê…èl student q Hê^¥?
14. Ganguly team …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽…è_È°?
Why isn't Ganguly in the team? 2. g°~¡° XOQË•° =òx‹²‡•e\÷ F@~¡°Á Hê~Œ?
15. "Œ~¡° W„¬C_È° D town …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽…è~¡°? 3. J`Ç_°È W„¬C_È° P ‡•s“ ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_È° Hê^¥?
Why aren't they in the town at present? 4. P"³° g° own sister Hê^¥?
16. J`Ç_È° D~ËA duty …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽…è_È°? 5. "Œ~¡° öH~¡ˆ×"Œ~¡° Hê^¥?
Why isn't he on duty today?
6. h=ô government employee q Hê^¥?
17. h"³O^ΰ䛽 ^•³~á ¼¡ OQê LO_È=ô? 7. g° father W„¬C_È° `³•°Q®°^͉O× ‡•s“…Õ …è~Œ?
Why aren't you bold?
8. P"³° W„¬C_È° P school Head mistress
18. h=ô g° father `Ë close Qê ZO^ΰ䛽 Hê^¥?
=ôO_È=ô?
Why aren't you close with your father?
9. "Œ~¡° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Jk•Hê~¡O…Õ …è~Œ?
10. h=ô J`ÇxH÷ ‹¬xß‚²ì`Ç°_È=ôHê^¥?
19. "Œ~¡° SH›=°`ǼOQê ZO^ΰ䛽 LO_È~¡°?
Why aren't they united? 11. D~ËA g°\÷OQ·…Õ J`Ç_È° ZO^ΰ䛽…è_È°?
20. h=ô work …Õ serious QêZO^Î ° ä› ½ 12. "Œ~¡° „ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ g°ä›½ ZO^ΰ䛽 J#°ä›••OQê
LO_È=ô? …è~¡°?
Why aren't you serious at work? 13. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 XH› job …Õ ‹²Ö~¡OQê LO_È=ô?
21. KÇ O ã ^ Î ° _È ° ‹¬ ¶ ~¡ ° ¼_È ° JO`Ç bright Qê 14. P†Ç°# students `Ë ZO^ΰ䛽 strict Qê
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È_È°? LO_È_È°?
Why isn't the moon so bright as the
15. India …Õ [<Œƒ•ì Ì„~¡°Q®°^Ε ZO^ΰ䛽
sun?
control …Õ LO_È^ΰ?
22. ‹¬=òã^΄¬ô h~¡° ~¡°zQê ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why isn't the sea water tasty?

Z
Money is a good servant but a bad master. 156
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
=°#=ò D~ËA =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Am, Is, Are' • Q®°iOz
<Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D =ü_•O\÷x grammar …Õ Present Tense 'Be' forms JO\ì~¡ ° .
nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :


ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ L#ß XH› Position,
Place, Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "am / is / are " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. I am a clerk in this office. 2. We are in the play - ground now.

3. He is our M.L.A. 4. They are very busy today.

2. NEGATIVE FORM :

ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° …èx XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "am not / is not / are not " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I am not an innocent man. 2. He is not in the town today.

3. They are not helpful to us. 4. This book is not useful to us.

3. QUESTION FORM :

„¬‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° L#ß XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Am / Is / Are " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Are you an officer here? 2. Is he on duty now?

3. Are they poor ? 4. Is she a foreigner ?

4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :


ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ …èx XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Isn't / Aren't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

Ex : 1. Aren't you an employee? 2. Isn't she your sister?

3. Aren't they degree students ? 4. Isn't he at home today ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

301 gaze gazed gazed `Íi‡•~¡K¶ Ç KÇ°@


302 giggle giggled giggled =ò‹²=ò‹²Qê #=ôÞ@
303 glorify glorified glorified ‡ÚQ®_È°@
304 glow glowed glowed ^ÎQ®^ÎQ® "³°i†Çò@
305 grant granted granted ^Άǰ`Ë WKÇ°ó@
306 grasp grasped grasped ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°@
307 greet greeted greeted =O^Î#=ò K͆Çò@
308 grip gripped gripped „²_•H÷e aQ®|@°“@
309 groan groaned groaned =ü•°Q®°@
310 grope groped groped `Ç_È°=òHù#°@
311 guess guessed guessed T‚²ìOKÇ°@
312 gulp gulped gulped Q®°@°ä›½ø# ãq°OQ®°@
313 hack hacked hacked =òH›ø•°Qê #~¡ä›½@
314 halt halted halted P„¬ô@, x•°„¬ô@
315 happen happened happened ‹¬Oƒ•’qOKÇ°@
316 hasten hastened hastened `ÇÞ~¡„¬~¡KÇ°@
317 hate hated hated ^ÍÞ+²OKÇ°@
318 heal healed healed ƒìQ®°K͆Çò, ã=¶#°æ@
319 hear heard heard q#°@
320 help helped helped ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°„¬_È°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
158 A mother is worth hundred teachers.
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'BE' FORMS - PAST - WAS, WERE


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_•# ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° last year degree q^¥¼iÖx. J "Í°=ò 1985…Õ Vizag …Õ L<Œß=ò.
J =¶ father J„¬C_È° XH› bank officer. J P"³° last week hospital …Õ =ôO_•#k.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_•# ª•Ö#=ò (Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò
(Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH›
"Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_•# Position, Place or Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 Past 'Be' forms J~ò#
"Was / Were" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
'I, He, She, It' SubjectQê L#ß„¬ô_È° "was"
We, you, they Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "were" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° last year XH› WO@~Ÿ q^¥¼iÖx. 6. H›~¶
¡ ß•° J„¬C_È° =°# ~ŒR ~Œ[^•¥x.
I was an Intermediate student last year. Kurnool was the capital city of our
2. J„¬C_È° N N.T.R. =°# =òY¼=°OãuQê state then.
LO_•<Œ~¡°. 7. P"³° J„¬C_È° =¶ hostel warden.
Sri N.T.R. was our Chief-Minister then. She was our hostel warden then.
3. Smt. WOk~ŒQêOn• J„¬ C _È ° =°# 8. <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ library …Õ L<Œß#°.
„ã ^¬ •¥#=°Oãu. I was in the library at that time
Smt. Indira Gandhi was our Prime- yesterday.
minister then. 9. "Í°=ò last week =¶ native place …Õ
4. Mr. Rao =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° „
ã x² •‡•….̃ LO_•<Œ=ò.
Mr. Rao was our Principal then. We were at our native place last week.
5. ƒì|¶ ~Œ*è O ã ^ Î ã „ ¬ ª •^£ =°# "³ ò ^Î \ ÷ 10. =°# =òY¼=°Oãu x#ßO`Œ _•bÁ…Õ L<Œß~°¡ .
~ŒR„¬u. The Chief-minister was in Delhi
Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad was our first yesterday.
Prime-Minister

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11. "Í°=ò x#ß D time …Õ „¬sH›Æ ‚¬ð•°…Õ EXERCISE


L<Œß=ò. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We were in the examination hall at this
time yesterday.
1. x#ß Pk"Œ~¡=ò.
12. =¶ father last week camp …Õ =ôO_•<Œ~¡°.
My father was on camp last week. 2. =¶ father J„¬C_È° P ‹¬¶ø…˜ ‚
Ì ì_£=¶‹¬~“ QŸ ê
13. "Í ° =ò z#ß„¬ C _È ° Hyderabad …Õ LO_•<Œ~¡°.
=ôO_•<Œ=ò.
3. H›„²…˜^Í"£ J„¬C_È° =°# team captain..
We were in Hyderabad in our child-
hood days. 4. <Í#° J„¬C_È° XH› z#ß„²•Á"Œ_È#°.
14. =°# Indian team last month Australia
5. XH›„C¬ _È° WO_•†Ç¶ KŒ…ì c^Î ^͉=
× ò.
tour …Õ =ôO_•#k.
Our Indian team was on tour in 6. "Œ}÷N P~ËA•…Õ XH› ㄬ=òY #\÷.
Australia last month.
7. WO@~Ÿ…Õ Sanskrit <Œ second language.
15. Accident time …Õ <Í#° Bus stop ^ÎQ®¾~¡
L<Œß#°. 8. N N.T.R. TDP ª•Ö„ä¬ ½› _È°.
I was at the bus stop at the time of
accident. 9. N ‰×OH›~Ÿ^ΆǶˆ˜ ‰×~¡à J„¬C_È° =°# ~ŒR
16. <Í#° x#ß KŒ…ì busy Qê LO_•<Œ#°. Q®=~¡ß~Ÿ.
I was very busy yesterday. 10. =¶ grandfather J„¬C_È° =¶ =îi ‹¬~æ¡ OKŸ.
17. "Í°=ò XH›„¬C_È° KŒ…ì c^Î"Œ~¡=ò.
We were very poor once.
11. <Í#° x#ß office H÷ …è\˜ J~ò<Œ#°.
18. x#ß match KŒ…ì interesting Qê =ô#ßk. 12. <Í#° z#ß„¬C_È° KŒ…ì „²iH÷"Œ_È#°.
The cricket match was very interesting
yesterday.
13. "Œ~¡° XH›„C¬ _È° KŒ…ì ^•Î#=O`Ç°•°.
19. P"³° x#ß J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê LO_•#k. 14. P"³° x#ß WO\ÕÁ XO@iQê LO_•#k.
She was sick yesterday.
15. x#ß English question paper KŒ…ì easy
20. x#ß Manager <ŒÌ „ á KŒ…ì HË„¬ O Qê Qê LO_•#k.
LO_•<Œ_È°.
The manager was very angry with me
yesterday. Z
A live ass is better than a dead lion. 160
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NEGATIVE FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_Èx ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° J„¬C_È° D office …Õ L^˼yx Hê#°. J "Í°=ò last year D town …Õ …è=ò.
J =¶ brother x#ß duty …Õ …è_È°. J P"³° x#ß P time …Õ WO\ÕÁ …è^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_Èx ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH›
"Í~ùH›~¡° LO_Èx Position, Place or Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was not / Were not" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I, He, She, It' – > Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "was not"
We, You, They – > Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "were not " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° J„¬C_È° D Hê…èl ‹¬¶“_³O\˜x Hê^ΰ. 7. ªéx†Ç¶ QêOn• J„¬C_È° ‡•s“ J^•Î¼ä›½Æ ~Œ•°
I was not a student of this college then. Hê^ΰ.
2. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° class mates Hê^ΰ. Mrs. Sonia Gandhi was not the party
We were not class-mates then. President then.
3. =¶ father J„¬C_È° businessman Hê^ΰ. 8. x#ß Ì‹•=ô …è^ΰ.
My father was not a business man Yesterday was not a holiday.
then. 9. "Œ~¡° XH›„C¬ _È° ƒ•ì~¡`Ç ^Í‰× ‡Ï~¡°•° Hê~¡°.
4. Mr. Rao J„¬C_È° =¶ „
ã x
² •„¬…˜ Hê^ΰ. They were not Indian citizens once.
Mr. Rao was not our Principal then. 10. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° JO`Ç `³e"³á#"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ.
5. N KÇOã^΃ì|° J„¬C_È° =òY¼=°Oãu Hê^ΰ. He was not so clever then.
Sri Chandra Babu was not the Chief- 11. "Œ~¡° XH›„C¬ _È° ^•Î#=O`Ç°•° Hê^ΰ.
minister then. They were not rich once.
6. last year J`Ç_È° D H›OÌ„h L^˼y Hê^ΰ. 12. P~ËA•…Õ XOQË•° XH› Ì„^Îí town Hê^ΰ.
He was not an employee of this Ongole was not a big town in those
company last year. days.

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13. J„¬C_È° J`Ç_°È <Œä›½ JO`Ç ‹¬xß‚ì² `ÇO Hê^ΰ. EXERCISE


He was not so intimate to me then. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
14. =°# ãH÷ïH\˜ \©"£° J„¬C_È° JO`Ç |•"³°Ø#k
Hê^ΰ. 1. <Í#° J„¬C_È° D H›ƒ
Á …˜ Õ ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_È#° Hê#°.
Our cricket team was not so strong
then. 2. N "Œ*˜„
À ~ò J„¬C_È° =°# „
ã ^
¬ •¥x Hê^ΰ.

15. x#ß cricket match P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê …è^ΰ. 3. Q®OQ®¶b J„¬C_È° team captain Hê^ΰ.
The circket match was not interesting
4. P"³° last year =¶ class teacher Hê^ΰ.
yesterday.
5. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° =¶ Hê•h "Œ‹¬°•° Hê~¡°.
16. last month D W•°Á MìmQê …è^ΰ.
This house was not vacant last month. 6. =¶ father J„¬C_È° "Œ¼‡•i Hê^ΰ.
17. P ~ËA•…Õ "Œ¼‡•~¡°•° Jqhu„¬~¡°•° 7. "Í°=ò X Class …Õ classmates Hê^ΰ.
Hê~¡°.
8. J„¬C_È° |OQê~¡O ^•Î~¡ Z䛽ø=Qê …è^°Î .
Businessmen were not corrupted in
those days. 9. =¶ Q®`Ç „ã x² •‡•…˜ strict Hê^ΰ.
18. x#ß dinner …Õ items ~¡°zQê …è=ô. 10. x#ß =¶ journey comfortable Qê …è^ΰ.
The items were not delicious in dinner
yesterday.
11. x#ß JH›ø_È programme interesting Qê
…è^ΰ.
19. x#ß function …Õ U~Œæ @ °Á guests ä› ½
ªÏH›~¡¼OQê …è=ô. 12. P"³° J„¬C_È° WO`Ç weak Qê …è^ΰ.
The arrangements in the function were 13. x#ß H›$‘•âZH±•„Ì ã ‹¹ late Hê…è^ΰ.
not comfortable to the guests
yesterday. 14. last year chairman „¬ ^ Î q H÷ P†Ç ° #
‡é\©…Õ …è~¡°.
20. J„¬C_È° „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•° "ŒiH÷ J#°ä›••OQê
…è=ô. 15. Last year J`Ç_È° P firm …Õ partner Hê^ΰ.

Circumstances were not favourable to


them then.

Z
A liar is seldom trusted. 162
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_•# ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° J„¬C_È° D factory …Õ workers Qê =ôO_•<Œ~Œ? J x#ß h=ô leave …Õ =ôO_•<Œ"Œ?
J x#ß programme interesting Qê =ôO_•#^¥? J P"³° XH›„C¬ _È° g° WO\ÕÁ LO_•#^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_•# ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH›
"Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_•# Position, Place or Condition ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽 Past 'Be' forms J~ò#
"Was / Were" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I, He, She, It' Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "was"
We, You, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "were" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô last year degree q^¥¼iÖ"Œ? 7. J„¬ C _È ° N.T.R. =°# =òY¼=°Oã u Qê
Were you a degree student last year? LO_•<Œ~Œ?
Was N.T.R. our Chief-minister then?
2. g°~¡° WO@sà_•†³°\˜…Õ class mates Qê
=ôO_•<Œ~Œ? 8. h=ô J„¬C_È° P H›OÌ„h…Õ accountant Qê
Were you class-mates in Intermediate? =ôO_•<Œ"Œ?
Were you an accountant in that
3. g° father XH›„C¬ _È° politics …Õ =ôO_•<Œ~Œ?
company then?
Was your father in politics once?

4. P"³° x#ß P~ËQ®¼OQê LO_•#^¥? 9. Last month =~¡ ä › ½ P W•°Á MìmQê


LO_•#^¥?
Was she sick yesterday?
Was that house vacant till last month?
5. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° c^Î"Œ~Œ?
10. x#ß exam hall …Õ invigilator strict Qê
Were they poor once?
LO_•<Œ~Œ?
6. XH›„¬C_È° XOQË•° z#ß town Qê LO_Í^¥? Was the invigilator stirict in the exam
Was Ongole a small town once? hall yesterday ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. POã^•Î„
ã ^
¬ ‰Í ˜ "³ò^Î\÷ =òY¼=°Oãu Z=~¡° ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Who was the first Chief-minister of
Andhra Pradesh?
12. h=ô x#ß HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° ä› ½ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ absent 1. x#ß g°~¡° busy Qê LO_•<Œ~Œ ?
J~ò<Œ=ô?
Why were you absent from the class 2. Last week h=ô Chennai LO_•<Œ"Œ ?
yesterday?
13. P time …Õ h=ô library ^ÎQ®¾~¡ ZO^ΰ䛽 3. x#ß h=ô special duty …Õ LO_•<Œ"Œ ?
=ô<Œß=ô?
Why were you near the library at that
4. g° father XH›„¬C_È° g° Ti ‹¬~¡æOKŸQê
time? LO_•<Œ~Œ ?
14. Last Sunday g°~¡° ZH›ø_È =ô<Œß~¡°?
Where were you last Sunday?
5. JH›ø_È "Œ~¡° h䛽 helpful Qê LO_•<Œ~Œ?
15. x#ß exams …Õ question paper Z…ì 6. h=ô J„¬C_È° VVM College q^¥¼iÖ"Œ ?
=ôO_•#k ?
How was the question paper in the 7. x#ß h=ô class H÷ late J~ò<Œ"Œ ?
examination yesterday?
16. N.T.R. =°Oã u =~¡ ¾ O …Õ ZO`Ç = °Ok 8. g° father XH›„¬C_È° railway employee Qê
ministers =ôO_•<Œ~¡° ? LO_¨<Œ~Œ ?
Howmany ministers were there in
N.T.R's cabinet? 9. Last week h=ô camp …Õ LO_¨<Œ"Œ ?
17. ^ùOyeO„¬|_•# bag …Õ ZO`Ç amount
=ôO_•#k ? 10. x#ß circus show Z…ì =ôO_•#k ?
Howmuch amount was there in the
stolen bag? 11. x#ß h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 leave …Õ L<Œß=ô ?
18. Last month P"³° hospital …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽
LO_•#k ? 12. x#ß match …Õ Indian team …Õ ZO`Ç
Why was she in the hospital last =°Ok bowlers LO_•<Œ~¡° ?
month?
19. 10 ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò• Hã `÷ OÇ =°# ~ŒRO…Õ Zxß 13. J`Ç _ È ° P time …Õ JH› ø _È ZO^Î ° ä› ½
universities =ôO_•#q ? =ô<Œß_È° ?
Howmany universities were there in
our state ten years ago? 14. XH›„¬C_È° D house Z=ik ?
20. x#ß g° annual day function H÷ chief
guest Z=~¡°?
15. J„¬C_È° g° Branch Manager Z=~¡° ?
Who was the chief-guest to your
annual day function yesterday ?
Z
Wise men love truth where as fools shun it. 164
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
=°#=ò =ôO_È x XH› Position, Place or Condition Q® ° iOz negative sense …Õ
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß cricket match P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê …è^¥ ? J x#ß absenties list …Õ J`Çx À„~¡° …è^¥?
J x#ß g° ㄬ†Ç¶}O comfortable Qê …è^¥? J h=ô x#ß duty …Õ …è"Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ =°#=ò LO_Èx XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx LO_Èx, …èx XH› Position,
Place, Condition Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Wasn't / Weren't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject I, He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Wasn't'
We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Weren't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô last year P offfice …Õ accountant 6. x#ß P time …Õ <Í#° JH›ø_È …è<Œ?
q Hê^¥? Wasn't I there at that time yesterday ?
Weren't you an accountant in that office
7. "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È busy Qê …è~Œ?
last year?
Weren't they busy there yesterday?
2. h=ô x#ß staff meeting …Õ …è"Œ?
8. x#ß question paper easy Qê …è^¥?
Weren't you in the staff meeting
Wasn't the question paper easy
yesterday?
yesterday ?
3. x#ß ‰×x"Œ~¡=ò Hê^¥?
9. x#ß party …Õ dinner ƒìQê …è^¥?
Wasn't it Saturday yesterday ?
Wasn't the dinner delicious in the party
4. XH›„¬C_È° P†Ç°# P firm H÷ owner Hê^¥? yesterday?
Wasn't he the owner of that firm once ?
10. P†Ç°# x#ß office H÷ late Hê…è^¥?
5. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° c^Î"Œ~¡° Hê^¥? Wasn't he late to the office yesterday ?
Weren't they poor once?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. x#ß h=ô English class …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 …è=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why weren't you in the English class
yesterday?
1. x#ß programme ƒìQê …è^¥?
12. J`Ç_È° h䛽 JH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽 helpful Qê 2. D chapter last year syllabus …Õ …è^¥?
…è_È°?
Why wasn't he helpful to you there? 3. x#ß JH›ø_È U problem …è^¥?
13. P"³° x#ß function …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ? 4. Olden days …Õ =°#^͉×O…Õ Jqhu…è^¥?
Why wasn't she in the function
5. QêOn• Qêi ‹²^¥œO`Œ•° ‹¬i†³°Ø #qHê"Œ?
yesterday ?
14. hÀ „ ~¡ °
first list …Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ …è ^ Î ° ?
6. ‡ã •*ÿä½› •“ ° xiàOKÇ@O J„¬æ\÷ „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ŒÞxH÷
Why wasn't your name in the first list?
ª•^•Î¼„_¬ …È ^è ¥?
15. x#ß ‡é\©…Õ h"³O^ΰ䛽 …è=ô? 7. J„¬æ\ÕÁ „¬O*샘 ‹¬=°‹¬¼ KŒ…ì H÷Á+¬“"³°Ø#k
Why weren't you in the competition Hê^¥?
yesterday? 8. P ‹¬O^Î~Ä¡•O…Õ J`Ç_°È ‹¬O`Ë+¬OQê…è_¨?
16. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Ganguly ZO^ΰ䛽 …è_È°? 9. WOk~ŒQêOn• =°Oãu=~¡O¾ …Õ M.S.R ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_°È
Why wasn't Ganguly in yesterday's
Hê^¥?
match?
17. x#ß ZO^ΰ䛽 Ì‹•=ô Hê^ΰ? 10. Ongole XH› „ ¬ C _È ° Guntur l…ìÁ … Õxk
Why wasn't it a holiday yesterday? Hê^¥?
18. P ~ËA•…Õ _È|°Ä䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 q•°=…è^ΰ? 11. h=ô x#ß P time …Õ WO\ÕÁ ZO^ΰ䛽…è=ô?
Why wasn't money valuable in those 12. P ~ËA•…Õ money ‹¬ O ‡•kOKÇ @ O
days?
ZO^ΰ䛽 ‹¬°•ƒ•’O Hê^ΰ?
19. W„¬æ\÷ ~ËA•O`Ç "ÍQ®OQê J„¬æ\÷ ~ËA•°
13. D rules Jhß XH›„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽…è=ô?
ZO^ΰ䛽 …è=ô?
Why weren't those days so fast as these 14. P"³° x#ß journey …Õ *ìãQ®`ÇëQê ZO^ΰ䛽O_È
days? …è^ΰ?
20. XH›„æ\
¬ ÷ WO_•†Ç¶ D<Œ\÷ WO_•†Ç¶ JO`Ç 15. h=ô x#ß JH›ø_È ‹¬i†³Ø°# ‹¬=°†Ç¶xH÷
|•OQê ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ? ZO^ΰ䛽…è=ô?
Why wasn't yester-India so strong as
today's India?
Z
When love and skill work together, a masterpiece is expected. 166
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'was / were' • Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'was / were' D ï~O_•O\÷x grammar …Õ Past Tense 'Be' forms JO\ì~¡ ° . nx…Õ
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_•# XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "was / were " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I was sick yesterday. 2. We were on tour last week.
3. He was our group leader then. 4. They were absent from the class yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° LO_Èx XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Was not / Were not " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I was not an employee then. 2. He was not on duty yesterday.
3. We were not aware of it then. 4. They were not Indians once.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_•# XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "was / were " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. Were you on strike last week? 2. Was she ill then?
3. Was he in the hospital last month ? 4. Were they at work at that time?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° LO_Èx XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Wasn't / Weren't " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. Weren't you a hostler last year?
2. Wasn't he in the restaurant at that time?
3. Weren't they poor once?
4. Wasn't she in your house then ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

321 hike hiked hiked Ì„~¡Q®°@


322 hire hired hired J^³í䛽 f‹¬°Hù#°@
323 hiss hissed hissed |°‹¬Hù@°“@
324 hoist hoisted hoisted Ì„áH÷Z`Ç°ë@
325 horrify horrified horrified ƒ•’†°Ç „Ì @°“@
326 hug hugged hugged HÒyeOKÇ°Hù#°@
327 hunt hunted hunted "Í\ì_È°@
328 hurl hurled hurled ^ùiÁOKÇ°
329 Identify identified identified Q®°~¡°ëOKÇ°Hù#°@
330 ignore ignored ignored x~¡ÁH›Æ¼=òK͆Çò@
331 illtreat illtreated illtreated x~Œ^•Î~}¡ K͆ò Ç @
332 imagine imagined imagined T‚²ìOKÇ°@
333 impart imparted imparted ƒÕk•OKÇ°@
334 import imported imported kQ®°=°u K͆Çò@
335 impose imposed imposed qk•OKÇ°@
336 impress impressed impressed =°#‹¬°…Õ =òã^Î"͆Çò@
337 inaugurate inaugurated inaugurated ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ°@
338 include included included H›•°„¬ôHù#°@
339 increase increased increased Ì„OKÇ°@
340 indicate indicated indicated ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
168 Prosperity makes friends and adversity tries them.
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'BE' FORMS - FUTURE - WILL BE

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô


ª•Ö#=ò (Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° next year officer Qê =ôO\ì#°. J N Ì+Hê=`Ÿ next President Qê LO\ì~¡°.
J next two weeks <Í#° =¶ =îi…Õ LO\ì#°. J "Œ~¡° WH›#°Oz =°#`Ë<Í LO\ì~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’=+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
=°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° LO_ȃÕ=ô Position, Place or Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
Future 'Be' form J~ò# "Will be" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "will be" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° next year Branch Manager Qê 6. P"³° g°ä›½ next year Head-mistress Qê
LO\ì#°. LO\ì~¡°.
I will be the Branch Manager next year. She will be your Head-mistress next
2. "Í°=ò next year final year q^¥¼~¡°Ö•°Qê year.
LO\ì=ò. 7. ö~„¬ô Ì‹•=ô.
We will be the final year students next Tomorrow will be a holiday.
year. 8. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D >ÿØO…Õ g°\÷OQ®°…Õ LO\ì#°.
3. ~Œ‚¬•…˜ ã^¥q_£ =°# \©O next captain. I will be in the meeting at this time
Rahul Dravid will be the next captain tomorrow.
of our team. 9. "Í°=ò WOHùH› ï~O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•° D
4. ö~„¬ô match winner J`Ç_Í. \º<£…Õ<Í LO\ì=ò.
He will be the winner of the match We will be in this town two more years.
tomorrow. 10. ö~„¬ô E-TV…Õ XH› special programme
5. WH›#°Oz P†Ç°# h䛽 ‹¬O~¡H›Æ䛽_È°. =ôO@°Ok.
He will be your guardian hereafter. There will be a special programme on
E.TV tomorrow.
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11. =KÍ ó "Í ‹ ¬ q …Õ water problem KŒ…ì EXERCISE


fã=OQê LO@°Ok. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Water problem will be severe next
summer.
1. N=°u =°OA• =¶ Hê…è l H÷ next
12. Ì‹•H›Æ<£ `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç 15 ~ËA• training
Principal Qê =ôO\ì~¡°.
=ôO@°Ok.
There will be a 15 day training after 2. ö~„¬\÷ =¶¼KŸ…Õ ~Œ‚¬•…˜ ã^¥q_£ ïHÌ„“<£Qê
the selection. =ôO\ì_È°.
13. "Í°=ò WH› administration …Õ KŒ…ì strict 3. 2008 =~¡ä›½ N=°u ªéx†Ç¶ QêOn•
Qê LO\ì=ò. HêOãQï ‹¹ ‡•s“ J^•Î¼ä›½Æ ~ŒeQê LO\ì~¡°.
We will be very strict in administration
hereafter. 4. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D >ÿØ"£°H÷ _ȶ¼\©…Õ LO\ì#°.
14. =KÍó ~ï O_È° <³••° D ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ =~ŒÂ•° 5. "Í°=ò WH›#°Oz work …Õ sincere Qê
LO\ì~ò. LO\ì=ò.
There will be rains in this area next two 6. ö ~ „¬ ô match KŒ…ì interesting Qê
months.
=ôO@°Ok.
15. <Í#° ö~„¬ô KŒ…ì busy Qê LO\ì#°.
7. Dª•i question paper easy Qê
I will be very busy tomorrow.
=ôO@°Ok.
16. ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È "Œ`Œ=~¡}O KÇ•ÁQê LO@°Ok.
The weather will be cold here 8. "Œ~¡° WH› =¶ WO\ÕÁ<Í LO\ì~¡°.
tomorrow. 9. "Í ° =ò WH› # °Oz KŒ…ì careful Qê
17. "Í°=ò h䛽 JH›ø_È KŒ…ì helpful Qê LO\ì=ò.
=ôO\ì=ò. 10. J`Ç_È° P committee H÷ next Chairman
We will be helpful to you there.
Qê LO\ì_È°.
18. ö~„¬ô P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ staff meeting =ôO@°Ok.
There will be a staff meeting in the
11. <Í#° h䛽 WH›ø_È helpful Qê =ôO\ì#°.
office tomorrow. 12. =¶ brother next year university …Õ
19. =KÍó ~ï O_È° <³••° =¶q°_• ^•Î~¡ KñH›Qê LO\ì_È°.
LO@°Ok. 13. N=°u =¶•u 2008 =~¡ä›½ D scool …Õ
The price of mango will be cheap next
Head-mistress Qê LO\ì~¡°.
two months.
20. ~ö „¬ô ‡•s“ KŒ…ì grand Qê =ôO@°Ok.
The party will be very grand tomorrow. Z
One man's meat is another man's poison. 170
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_Èx ª•Ö#=ò (Position)
‹¬Ö•=ò (place) ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô duty …Õ LO_È#°. J "Í°=ò next year D town …Õ LO_È=ò.
J P"³° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È free Qê LO_È^ΰ. J "Œ~¡° WH› h䛽 helpful Qê LO_È~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_Èx ª•Ö#=ò, ‹¬•Ö =ò, ‹²u
Ö
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_Èx XH› ª•Ö#=ò
(Position) ‹¬• Ö =ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will not + be" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° "Will not be" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D time H÷ WO\ÕÁ LO_È#°. 5. P"³° WH› P school Head-mistress Qê
I won't be at home at this time LO_È~¡°.
tomorrow. She won't be the Head-mistress of that
2. "Í°=ò next year D college q^¥¼~¡°•Ö °Qê school hereafter.
LO_È=ò. 6. ö~„¬ô Ì‹•=ô =ôO_È^ΰ.
We won't be the students of this Tomorrow will not be a holiday.
college next year. 7. <Í#° WH› P party member Qê LO_È#°.
3. Next series H÷ Ganguly =°# team I won't be a member of that party
captain Qê LO_È_È°. hereafter.
Ganguly won't be the captain of our 8. "Í°=ò WH› D town …Õ LO_È=ò.
team in the next series. We won't be in this town hereafter.
4. ö ~ „¬ \ ÷ match …Õ referee Qê J`Ç _ È ° 9. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô duty …Õ LO_È_È°.
LO_È_È°. He won't be on duty tomorrow.
He won't be the referee in the match
tomorrow.
10. "Í°=ò WH› J`ÇxH÷ helpful Qê LO_È=ò.
We won't be helpful to him hereafter.

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11. <Í#° WH› careless Qê LO_È#°. EXERCISE


I won't be careless hereafter.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Í°=ò WH› P firm partners Qê LO_È=ò.
We won't be partners of that firm
hereafter. 1. <Í#° WH› J`Çx`Ë close Qê LO_È#°
13. D interview `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç g°ä›½ training
2. "Í°=ò WH› office H÷ late J==ò.
LO_È^ΰ.
There won't be any training after this 3. P"³° next year hostel …Õ LO_È^ΰ.
interview.
4. J`Ç_È° next elections H÷ ‡é\©…Õ LO_È_È°.
14. ZxßH›• `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç J`Ç_È° P post …Õ
LO_È_È°. 5. "Œ~¡° WH› D field …Õ LO_È~¡°.
He won't be in that post after the
elections.
6. Next year g°ä› ½ syllabus heavy Qê
LO_È^ΰ.
15. WH› D "Œ¼‡•~¡=ò …샕’^¥†Ç°H›OQê
LO_È^ΰ. 7. ~ŒƒÕ†Í° ~ËA•…Õ _È|°Ä ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ_OÈ
This business won't be profitable easy Qê LO_È^ΰ.
hereafter.
16. ö~„¬\÷ programme …Õ U =¶~¡°æ LO_È^ΰ. 8. g°ä›½ JH›ø_È U q^•Î"°³ #Ø objection LO_È^°Î .
There won't be any change in 9. ~ö „¬ô =°# town …Õ power supply LO_È^°Î .
tomorrow's programme.
17. 58 ‹¬OII =†Ç°‹¬°• `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç P†Ç°# service 10. <Í#° WH› "Œi care taker Qê LO_È#°.
…Õ LO_È~¡°. 11. D ï~O_È° <³•…Õ D ㇕O`ÇO…Õ =~¡ÂO
He won't be in service after 58 years
LO_È^ΰ.
of age.
18. P"³° WH› =°#`Ë LO_È^ΰ. 12. ö~„¬ô work …Õ delay LO_È^ΰ.
She won't be with us hereafter.
13. Group-I officerJQ® ° @ä› ½ hä› ½ D
19. P†Ç°# WH› P party H÷ president Qê knowledge KŒ•^ΰ.
LO_È~¡°.
He won't be the president of the party 14. JH›ø_È D =°O^ΰ•° •a•OKÇ=ô.
hereafter.
15. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô D time H÷ office …Õ LO_È~¡°.
20. U q^•Î"°³ #Ø damage H÷ <Í#° ƒì^•Î°¼_È°Qê
LO_È#°.
I won't be responsible for any damage.

Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøøª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬Ê†Ç°`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô ª•Ö#=ò
(Position), ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place), ‹²Öu (Condition) Q®°iOz ㄬtOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J ö~„¬ô h=ô town …Õ LO\ì"Œ ? J P"³° WOH› g° `Ë<Í LO@°O^¥ ?


J "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô busy Qê LO\ì~Œ J g°~¡° ö~„¬ô D time H÷ exam hall …Õ LO\ì~Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô place, position,
condition #° Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.

D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò,
=°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° LO_ȃÕ=ô position, place or condition Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽 Future
'BE' Form J~ò#
' Will + be' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will be' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ö~„¬ô leave …Õ LO\ì"Œ ? 7. h=ô ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ WO\÷ ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ LO\ì~Œ?
Will you be on leve tomorrow ? Will you be at home tomorrow
2. g°~¡ ° <Œä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ helpful evening?
LO\ì~Œ ? 8. P†Ç ° # next time chairman „¬ ^ Î q H÷
Will you be helpful to me in this matter? ‡é\©…Õ LO\ì~Œ ?
3. g° father next week camp …Õ LO\ì~Œ? Will he be in the competition for the
Will your father be on camp next week? post of the chairman next time ?

4. h=ô next year University student Qê 9. ö~„¬ô office …Õ staff-meeting LO@°O^¥?


LO\ì"Œ ? Will there be staff-metting in the office
Will you be a university student next tomorrow ?
year ? 10. P†Ç°# P party H÷ next president Qê
5. P"³° WH› g°`Ë<Í LO@°O^¥ ? LO\ì~Œ ?
Will she be with you hereafter ? Will he be the next president of the

6. "Œ~¡° WH› #°OK³á<Œ careful Qê LO\ì~Œ? party ?

Will they be careful hereafter ?


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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ö~„¬ô D time H÷ g°~¡° ZH›ø_È LO\ì~¡° ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Where will you be at this time
tomorrow?
1. Next year h=ô hostel …Õ LO\ì"Œ ?
12. H÷ next
India president Qê Z=~¡ °
LO\ì~¡° ? 2. Next series H÷ Lakshman team …Õ
Who will be the next President of
=ôO\ì_¨ ?
India? 3. ö~„¬ô J`Ç_È° free Qê LO\ì_¨ ?
13. h=ô next month Hyderabad …Õ Zxß 4. ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È entertainment programmes
~ËA•° LO\ì=ô ? LO\ì†Ç¶ ?
Howmany days will you be in 5. g° parents WH› #°Oz g° `Ë<Í =ôO\ì~Œ?
Hyderabad next month ?
6. "Œ~¡° D ª•i „¬sH›•Æ time …Õ strict Qê
14. P book price ZO`Ç =ôO@°Ok ? LO\ì~Œ ?
What will be the price of that book ?
7. g°~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô D time H÷ journey …Õ
15. ã H ù`Ç ë H› q °\© … Õ ZO`Ç = °Ok ‹¬ ƒ •’ ° ¼•° =ôO\ì~Œ?
LO\ì~¡° ?
8. ö~„¬ô working day <Œ ?
Howmany members will be there in
the new committee ? 9. ƒ•’q+¬Ê†Ç°`Ç°…ë Õ computing …Õ progress
LO@°O^¥ ?
16. g° next programme Uq° =ôO@°Ok ?
What will be you next programme ? 10. D products 䛽 ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ demand H÷
LO@°O^¥ ?
17. Group-I Main exam. Z„¬C_È° LO@°Ok?
When will be the Main exam. for 11. S.S.C. H÷ next year #°Oz Zxß subjects
Group-I posts ? LO\ì~ò ?
18. University „¬sH›Æ•° Z„¬C_È° LO\ì~ò ? 12. Hã ù`Çë =°Oãu =~¡O¾ …Õ ZO`Ç =°Ok =°Oã`°Ç •°
When will be the university LO\ì~¡° ?
examinations ? 13. h ㄬ†Ç°`Œß• „¦¬e`ÇO Z…ì =ôO@°Ok ?
19. ö~„¬ô Ì‹•=ôO^ΰ䛽 =ôO@°Ok ? 14. g° college H÷ next principal Z=~¡° ?
Why will there be a holiday tomorrow?
15. Next world cup ãH÷ïH\˜ ‡é\©•° ZH›ø_È
20. Next meeting Z„¬C_È° =ôO@°Ok ? LO\ì~ò ?
When will be the next meeting ?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°#=ò =ôO_Èx XH›
Position, Place or Condition Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J h=ô ö~„¬ô free Qê LO_È"Œ ? J g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ J`ÇxH÷ helpful Qê LO_È~Œ?


J "Œ~¡° WH› =°#`Ë LO_È~Œ? J J`Ç_È° =KÍó ZxßH›•ä›½ ‡é\©…Õ LO_È_¨?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ LO_Èx XH› Postion, Place, Condition #° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx LO_Èx, XH› Position,
Place, Condition Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽

"Shalln't / Won't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject I, We J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Shalln't'
You, He, She, It, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Won't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ö~„¬ô WO\÷ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ LO_È"Œ? 7. =KÍ ó World Cup team …Õ Ganguly
Won't you be at home tomorrow? LO_È_¨?
Won't Ganguly be in the team for the
2. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô 5 pm `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç office …Õ
LO_È~Œ? next World Cup?
Won't you be in the office after 5 pm 8. ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È U ‹¬=°‹¬¼ LO_È^¥?
tomorrow? Won't there be any problem there
tomorrow?
3. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô duty …Õ LO_È_¨?
Won't he be on duty tomorrow ? 9. Wk ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ XH› L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡"³°Ø#
course Qê LO_È^¥?
4. P"³ ° next year hostel …Õ LO_È ^ ¥?
Won't it be a useful course in future?
Won't she be in the hostel next year?
10. India ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‰×H=
ë÷ O`Ç"°³ #
Ø ^͉O× Qê
5. "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 JH›ø_È helpful Qê LO_È~Œ? LO_È^¥?
Won't they be helpful to us there?
Won't India be a powerful nation in
6. h=ô WH› g°^Î@ =¶`Ë LO_È"Œ? future?
Won't you be with us hereafter?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 successful Qê D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
LO_È=ô?
Why won't you be successful in future?
1. h=ô ö~„¬ô camp …Õ LO_È"Œ?
12. D course g°ïHO^ΰ䛽 useful Qê LO_È^°Î ?
Why won't this course be useful to you? 2. P†Ç°# P college H÷ next Principal Qê
LO_È~Œ?
13. ƒ•’q+¬¼`°Ç …ë Õ soft -ware H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 _•=¶O_£
=ôO_È^ΰ? 3. P"³° next year D dept …Õ LO_È^¥?
Why won't there be demand for soft-
ware in future? 4. "Œ~¡° WH› P Ti…Õ LO_È~Œ?
14. J`Ç_°È ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°Oz position …Õ 5. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô P game …Õ LO_È~Œ?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È_È°?
Why won't he be in a good position in 6. ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ ƒ•ì~¡`^Ç ‰Í O× …Õ Jqhu LO_È^¥?
future?
7. ö~„¬ô Ì‹•=ô =ôO_È^¥?
15. P"³° P~ËQ®¼OQê ZO^ΰ䛽 =ôO_È^ΰ?
Why won't she be healthy? 8. J`Ç_°È WH› h ƒ•ìQ®ª•Þq°Qê LO_È_¨?
16. "Œ~¡° Dª•i ‡é\©…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 =ôO_È~°¡ ? 9. P†Ç°# WH› P post …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 =ôO_È_È°?
Why won't they be in the competition
this time?
10. h=ô ö ~ „¬ ô discussions …Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
=ôO_È=ô?
17. h=ô ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ "Œ¼‡•~¡~O¡ Q®O…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽
LO_È=ô? 11. g°~¡° WH› P club …Õ members Qê ZO^ΰ䛽
Why won't you be in the business field =ôO_È~¡°?
in future?

18. D book =°#ä› ½ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 12. "Œ~¡° WH› g°^Î@ ZO^ΰ䛽 H›e‹²=ôO_È~¡°?
=ô„¬†³¶Q®„¬_È^ΰ? 13. h=ô WH› g°^Î @ <Œ`Ë ZO^Î ° ä› ½
Why won't this book be useful to us?
co-operative Qê LO_È=ô?
19. Next year #°O_• degree course ZO^ΰ䛽
‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê =ôO_È^°Î ? 14. J`Ç_È° P „¬^Îq…Õ Z䛽ø= Hê•O ZO^ΰ䛽
Why won't the Degree course be easy LO_È_È°?
from next year on words?
15. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 =~ŒÂ•° =ôO_È=ô?
20. "Œ~¡ ° D ~¡ O Q® O …Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ ‹² Ö ~ ¡ O Qê
LO_È~¡°?
Why won't they be constant in this field? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'won't be' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
nxx grammar …Õ Future Tense 'Be' form JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form
3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i
revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 Future "be" form J~ò# "will be " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will be a law graduate next year.
2. We will be in the conference hall tomorrow.
3. He will be alright after the treatment.
4. They will be good at English after the coaching.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_Èx XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "will not be " (won't be) L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I won't be in this section next year.
2. We won't be present in the party tomorrow.
3. He won't be troublesome in future.
4. They won't be in power after the next elections.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_ȃÕ=ô XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall / Will + be " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shall we be here to - night? 3. Will he be successful in his attempt?
2. Will you be careful next time? 4. Will they be in the U.S.A. perminently?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ LO_Èx XH› Position, Place,
Condition Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shalln't / Won't + be " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shalln't we be strict with them? 2. Won't you be harmful to them there?
3. Won't the match be on live relay? 4. Won't they be strong after this victory ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

341 inform informed informed `³e†Ç°*è†Çò@


342 injure injured injured Qê†Ç°„¬_È°@
343 inquire inquired inquired qKŒiOKÇ°@
344 insist insisted insisted x~¡•Ä O^•Î„~¬ K
¡ °Ç @
345 inspect inspected inspected `ÇxvK͆Çò@
346 inspire inspired inspired ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°@
347 intend intended intended `Ç•OKÇ°@
348 interefere interefered interefered *ÕH›¼OKÍ‹¬°Hù#°@
349 interrupt interrupted interrupted J_È°ÛHù#°@
350 introduce introduced introduced „¬iKdžǰ=òK͆Çò@
351 invade invaded invaded ^ÎO_³`Ç°ë@
352 invent invented invented ãHù`ÇëQê H›#°Qù#°@
353 invite invited invited P‚¬ðÞxOKÇ°@
354 join joined joined KÍ~¡°@
355 juggle juggled juggled Qê~¡_™K͆Çò@
356 jump jumped jumped ^ΰ=ò䛽@, ^¥@°@
357 kick kicked kicked `Ç#°ß@
358 kidnap kidnapped kidnapped |•`ÇŒø~¡=òQê
=°#°+¬µ•<³`Ç°ëHùx‡é=ô
359 kill killed killed KÇO„¬ô@
360 kiss kissed kissed =ò^ΰíÌ„@°“Hù#°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
178 A good name is got by many actions and lost by one.
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'BE' FORMS - PRESENT PERFECT- HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò (Position) ‹¬Ö•=ò (Place) ‹²Öu (Condition)
…Õ ZO`ÇHê•OQê L#ßn ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J "Í°=ò 1995 #°O_• D town …Õ L<Œß=ò. J P"³° KŒ…ì Hê•OQê J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê L#ßk.
J "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬OI • #°O_• U.S.A. …Õ =ô<Œß~¡°. J <Í#° Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬OI •°Qê D Hê…èl…Õ lecturer Qê L<Œß#°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò L#ß ª•Ö#=ò (Position) ‹¬•Ö =ò (Place) ‹²u
Ö (Condition)
…Õ ZO`ÇHê•OQê L#ßn ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò L#ß XH› Position, Place or Condition …Õ ZO`Ç Hê•OQê ,
Zxß ~ËA•°, Zxß <³••°, Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê L#ßk ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
'Have been' / 'Has been' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I, We, You, They ' SubjectQê L#ß„¬ô_È° "Have been"
He, She, It Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° "Has been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê D 6. <Í#° Q®`Ç 10 ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê D H›O„
Ì h
college student Qê =ô<Œß#°. L^˼yQê =ô<Œß#°.
I have been a student of this college I have been an employee of this
for four years. company for the past ten years.
2. "Í°=ò 1995 #°O_• D Hê•h "Œ‹¬°•°Qê 7. N †Ç ° O.\÷ . H› $ +¬ â ƒ ì|° Q® ` Ç ï ~ O_È °
=ô<Œß=ò. ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê „ ã H¬ ê‰×Ol…ìÁ H›…Hÿ ~“› °¡ Qê
We have been the residents of this =ô<Œß~¡°.
colony since 1995. Sri M.T. Krishna Babu has been the
3. N KÇOã^΃ì|° 1994 #°O_• T.D.P. Collector of Prakasam District for the
J^•Î¼ä›½Æ •°Qê L<Œß~°¡ . past two years.
Sri Chandra Babu has been the 8. <Í#° 1985 #°Oz D H›ƒ
Á ˜ ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_•Qê
President of the T.D.P. since 1994. =ô<Œß#°.
4. N=°u =¶•f^Íq Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬OII•°Qê =¶ I have been a member of this club
Hê…èl „ã x² •‡•…˜Qê =ô<Œß~°¡ . since 1985.
Mrs. Malathi Devi has been our 9. =¶ cousin KŒ…ì Hê•OQê K³ < ³ ß å … Õ
Principal for the past five years. LO@°<Œß_È°.
5. "Œ~¡° KŒ…ìHê•OQê =¶ ‡Ú~¡°Q®°# =ô<Œß~°¡ . My cousin has been in Chennai for a
They have been our neighbours for a long time.
long time.

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10. <Œ z#ß`# Ç O #°O_• =¶ father <Œä›½ EXERCISE


Q®°~¡°=ô. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
My father has been my teacher since
my childhood.
11. z#ß„æ¬\÷ #°O_• Harish =°i†Çò <Í#° 1. <Í # ° z#ß ` Ç # =ò #°O_• =¶
close friends Qê =ô<Œß=ò. grandparents `Ë<Í L<Œß#°.
Harish and I have been close friends 2. "Í°=ò KŒ…ì Hê•OQê D state …Õ<Í
since childhood.
LO@°<Œß=ò.
12. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê "Í°=ò KŒ…ì busy
Qê =ô<Œß=ò. 3. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê degree students
We have been very busy for the past stricke …Õ L<Œß~¡°.
one week. 4. Q®`Ç 15 ‹¬OII•°Qê P†Ç°# lawyer Qê
13. KŒ…ìHê•OQê P"³° J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô#ßk. L<Œß~¡°.
She has been ill for a long time. 5. x#ß\÷ #°Oz P"³° =¶ WO\ÕÁ<Í L#ßk.
14. Q®`Ç <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê P†Ç°# leave …Õ 6. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç 25 ‹¬OII•°Qê =¶ town …Õ
=ô<Œß~¡°.
leading businessmen Qê L<Œß~¡°.
He has been on leave for the past four
days. 7. N KÇOã^΃ì|° `Ç# college ~ËA• #°O_Í
15. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê "Œ`Œ=~¡}O KÇ•ÁQê ~Œ[H©†Ç¶•…Õ L<Œß~¡°.
L#ßk. 8. <Í#° 1995 #°O_• D ‹¬O‹¬…Ö Õ L^˼yx.
The weather has been cold for the last 9. Q®`Ç 4 ‹¬OII•°Qê P case ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë…Õ L#ßk.
one week.
16. J„¬æ¬\÷#°Oz P†Ç°# <Œg°^Î HË„¬OQê 10. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç HùO`Ç Hê•OQê troubles …Õ
=ô<Œß~¡°. L<Œß=ò.
He has been angry with me since then. 11. P"³° Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê HË=¶…Õ L#ßk.
17. P"³° 10 ~ËA•°Qê hospital …Õ =ô#ßk. 12. P ‹¬O‹¬Ö ª•Ö„O² z# <Œ\÷ #°O_• P†Ç°#
She has been in the hospital for ten ^¥xH÷ chairman Qê L<Œß~¡°.
days.
13. Q®`Ç 20 ‹¬OII•°Qê J`Ç_°È "ŒiH÷ #=°àH›"°³ #
Ø
18. Q®`HÇ ùkí~ËA•°Qê "Œ~¡° <Œä›½ KŒ…ì helpful
Qê =ô<Œß~¡°. À‹=䛽_È°Qê L<Œß_È.
They have been helpful to me for a few 14. J`Ç_È° Q®`Ç 20 ‹¬OII•°Qê `³•°Q®°^͉×O
days. Hê~¡¼H›~¡ë Qê L<Œß_È°.
19. J„¬æ\÷#°Oz J`Ç_È° active Qê =ô<Œß_È°. 15. Q®`Ç 25 ‹¬OII•°Qê „¬tó=° ƒÿOQê…˜ …Õ
He has been active since then. H›=ü¼x‹¬°“ ‡•s“ Jk•Hê~¡=ò…Õ L#ßk.
20. P case Q®`Ç 10 ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê qKŒ~¡}…Õ
=ô#ßk.
That case has been under trial for ten
years. Z
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NEGATIVE FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „


ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò HùO`Ç Hê•OQê =°#=ò
LO_Èx XH› position, place, condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA• #°Oz duty …Õ …è#°. J "Í°=ò HùO`Ç Hê•OQê J`ÇxH÷ helpful Qê …è=ò.
J Q®`Ç ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê P „¬^HΊ =› ò J=°•°…Õ…è^°Î . J J„¬æ\÷ #°O_• "Œ~¡° WH›ø_È …è~°¡ .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO HùO`ÇHê•OQê XH›~¡° LO_Èx XH› position, place, condition Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 Q®`Ç HùO`ÇHê•OQê =°#=ò …èH›
"Í~ùH›~¡° LO_Èx XH› Position, Place, Condition Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has + not + been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "have not been".
He, She, It –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "has not been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê town …Õ …è#°. 6. D car Q®`Ç ï~O_È° <³••°Qê use …Õ …è^ΰ.
I have not been in the town for two This car has not been in use for the past
days. two months.

2. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê duty …Õ …è=ò. 7. Sachin Q®`Ç ~


ï O_È° series •…Õ =°Oz form
…Õ…è_È°.
We have not been on duty for the past
Sachin has not been in good form for
one week.
the past two series.
3. J`Ç _ È ° Q® ` Ç Hùxß ~ËA•°Qê =¶`Ë 8. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê =¶ hostel …Õ food
‹¬xß‚²ì`ÇOQê LO_È@O…è^ΰ. ƒìQ®°O_È@O…è^ΰ.
He has not been close with us for the The food has not been good in our
past few days. hostel for the past one week
4. P"³° x#ß\÷ #°Oz WO\ÕÁ …è^ΰ. 9. Q®`Ç Hùxß ~ËA•°Qê =¶ä›½ U problem …è^ΰ.
She has not been at home since There has not been any problem to us
yesterday. for the past few days.
5. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡OQê =¶`Ë LO_È@O…è^°Î . 10. Q®`Ç 10 ~ËA•°Qê =¶ colony …Õ water
supply …è^ΰ.
They have not been with us for the past
There has not been water supply in our
one year.
colony for the past ten days.

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EXERCISE
11. D ~ËA L^Ά°Ç O #°O_• P†Ç°# office …Õ
…è~¡°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
He has not been in the office since
morning. 1. <Í#° ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê free Qê …è#°.
12. Q®`Ç ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê =¶ ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ
‹¬i†³Ø°# =~ŒÂ•° …è=ô. 2. x#ß L^ΆǰO #°Oz =¶ colony …Õ
There have not been sufficient rains in power supply …è^ΰ.
our area for the past two years. 3. Q®`Ç Hùxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê P college …Õ
13. Q® ` Ç Hùkí ~ËA•°Qê =¶ "Œ¼‡•~¡ O ãH›=°tH›Æ}…è^ΰ.
…샕’^¥†Ç°H›OQê …è^°Î . 4. Q®`Ç Hùxß ~ËA•°Qê J`Ç_°È active Qê …è_°È .
Our business hasnot been profitable for
the past few days. 5. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° ~ËA•°Qê Q®°[~Œ`Ÿ…Õ „¬i‹²Öu
14. HùO`ÇHê•OQê J`Ç_°È =¶ä›½ helpful Qê …è_°È . J^ΰ„¬ô…Õ…è^ΰ.
He hasnot been helpful to us for some 6. 1995 #°Oz Ì ‚ á ì ^Î ~ Œƒì^£ …Õ =°`Ç
time. „¦¬°~¡Â}•°…è=ô.
15. Q®`Ç Hùxß <³••°Qê P"³° P~ËQ®¼O ƒìQê …è^ΰ. 7. Q®`Ç Hùkí <³••°Qê P product 䛽 demand
Her health hasnot been good for the
past few months.
…è^ΰ.
16. J`Çx `ÇO_
ã • =°~¡}O ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ #°Oz J`Ç_°È 8. Q® ` Ç 6 <³ • •°Qê D medicines
‹¬O`Ë+¬OQê …è_È°. ^ù~¡H›@O…è^ΰ.
He hasnot been happy since his father's 9. "Œi father =°~¡}O #°O_• "Œ~¡° WH›ø_È
death.
LO_È@O…è^ΰ.
17. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ æ \ ÷ #°Oz =¶`Ë =°OzQê
(‹¬‚ì¬ $^¥Ä•=O`Ë) =ôO_È@O …è^°Î . 10. Q® ` Ç Hùxß ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~Œ•°Qê WH› ø _•
They havenot been in good terms with "Œ`Œ=~¡ } O =¼=ª•†Ç ° =ò#ä› ½
us since then. J#°ä›••OQê…è^ΰ.
18. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° series • #°O_• Ganguly team 11. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° <³••°Qê P"³° P~ËQ®¼ „¬i‹²Öu
…Õ…è_È°. ƒìQê …è^ΰ.
Ganguly hasnot been in the team for
the last two series.
12. Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬OII•°Qê P†Ç°# ~Œ[H©†Ç¶•…Õ
19. XH› ^Ή§|í Hê•OQê „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë Ç q^¥¼q^•¥#O…Õ …è~¡°.
standard LO_È@O…è^ΰ. 13. J„¬æ\#÷ °O_• "Œ~¡° partners Qê …è~¡°.
There hasnot been any standard in the 14. P†Ç°# HùO`ÇHê•OQê P post …Õ …è~¡°.
education system for a decade.
20. Q®`Ç Hùkí ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê `³•OQê} 15. P"³° x#ß\÷ #°O_• ‹¬æ $‚¬ì…Õ …è~°¡ .
‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ Ja•=$kœ…^è °Î .
There hasnot been any development in
Telangana area for a few years.
Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò XH›~°¡ L#ß Position, Place, Condition …Õ ZO`ÇHê•OQê
LO@°<Œß~Ë ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô 4 ‹¬OII•°Qê WH›ø_È L^˼yQê =ô<Œß"Œ? J g°~¡° Q®`Ç 10 ‹¬OII•°Qê D town …Õ =ô<Œß~Œ?
J KŒ…ìHê•OQê P"³° J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô#ß^¥? J "Œ~¡° 2001 #°O_• D field …Õ =ô<Œß~Œ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~°¡ „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =ô#ß XH› Position, Place, Condition …Õ ZO`ÇHê•OQê =ôO@°#ß
q+¬†Ç°O Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# XH›~°¡ =ô#ß XH› Position, Place,
Condition …Õ Z„¬æ\÷ #°O_• =ôO@°<Œß~Ë „ ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have / Has + been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Have been'
He, She, It –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Has been' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô <Œ•°Q®° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê D college 6. 2001 #°O_• P†Ç°# g° ㄲx•‡•…˜Qê
student Qê =ô<Œß"Œ? =ô<Œß~Œ?
Have you been a student of this college Has he been your Principal since 2001?
for four years? 7. J„¬æ\÷ #°O_• g°~¡° D WO\ÕÁ<Í L<Œß~Œ?
2. g°~¡ ° 1995 #°O_• D town …Õ<Í Have you been in this house since then?
LO@°<Œß~Œ? 8. J„¬æ\÷ #°Oz J`Ç_È° h䛽 helpful Qê
Have you been in this town since 1995? =ô<Œß_¨?
3. g° father ï ~ O_È ° ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~Œ•°Qê Has he been helpful to you since then?
J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô<Œß~Œ? 9. z#ß„æ\
¬ ÷ #°O_• g°i^Î~í ¶¡ „Ìã O¦ _£•Qê =ô<Œß~Œ?.
Has your father been ill for two years? Have you been friends since childhood
days?
4. P"³° P~¡° <³••°Qê g°`Ë<Í =ô#ß^¥?
Has she been with you for six months? 10. <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê "Œ`Œ=~¡}O KÇ•ÁQê
=ô#ß^¥?
5. "Œ~¡° <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•°Qê busy Qê =ô<Œß~Œ? Has the climate been cold for four days?
Have they been busy for four days?

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11. h=ô ZO`ÇHê•OQê D ‹¬O‹¬Ö…Õ L^˼yQê EXERCISE


=ô<Œß=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Howlong have you been an employee
of this firm? 1. g° father Q®`Ç ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê D
12. g°~¡° ZO`ÇHê•OQê D town …Õ L<Œß~¡°? bank manager Qê L<Œß~Œ?
Howlong have you been in this town? 2. h=ô ~ï O_È° Q®O@• #°O_• WH›ø_Í =ô<Œß"Œ?
13. ZO`ÇHê•OQê P"³° J<Œ~ËQ®¼OQê =ô#ßk? 3. g°~¡° Q®`Ç 5 ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê H›q°\© "³°O|~Ÿ•Qê
Howlong has she been ill?
=ô<Œß~Œ?
14. ZO`Ç H ê•OQê g°~¡ ° XH› i HùH› ~ ¡ ° 4. P†Ç°# 1990 #°O_• g° Ti ‹¬~æ¡OKŸQê
‹¬xß‚²ì`Ç°•°? =ô<Œß~Œ?
Howlong have you been close to each
other? 5. P"³° Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O ~ËA•°Qê hospital …Õ
15. "Œ~¡° ZO`ÇHê•OQê "Œ¼‡•~¡ ~¡OQ®O…Õ =ô#ß^¥?
L<Œß~¡°? 6. "Œ~¡° L^ΆǰO #°O_• laboratory …Õ
Howlong have they been in the =ô<Œß~Œ?
business field?
7. x#ß\÷ #°O_• "Œ`Œ=~¡}O WH›ø_È KÇ•QÁ ê
16. P†Ç°# P ‹¬O‹¬äÖ ½› ZO`ÇHê•OQê K•³~á à¡ <£Qê =ô#ß^¥?
=ô<Œß~¡°? 8. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò•°Qê J`Ç_È° D
Howlong has he been the Chairman of
office incharge Qê =ô<Œß_¨?
that firm?
17. Wxß ~ËA•°Qê g°~¡ ° ZH› ø _È L<Œß ~ ¡ ° ? 9. g°~¡° ZO`ÇHê•OQê J`Çx`Ë ‹¬xß‚²ì`ÇOQê
Where have you been all these days?
=ô<Œß~¡°?
18. Wxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•°Qê g°ä›½ guardian Qê 10. h=ô ZO`ÇHê•OQê D H›q°\© ‹¬ƒ•’°¼_È°Qê
Z=~¡° =ô<Œß~¡°? L<Œß=ô?
Who has been your guardian all these 11. g° father ZO`Ç H ê•OQê politics …Õ
years? L<Œß~¡°?
19. Wxß ~ËA•°Qê h=ô JH›ø_È XO@iQê Z…ì 12. P"³° ZO`ÇHê•OQê g°`Ë =ô#ßk?
=ô<Œß=ô?
How have you been alone there all
13. P†Ç°# ZO`ÇHê•OQê D profession …Õ
these days?
=ô<Œß~¡°?
20. g° cousins ZO`Ç H ê•OQê U.S.A. …Õ 14. "Œ~¡° ZO`ÇHê•OQê WO_•†Ç¶…Õ =ô<Œß~°¡ ?
=ô<Œß~¡°? 15. h=ô ZO`ÇHê•OQê J`Çx À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°_•Qê
Howlong have your cousins been in the =ô<Œß=ô?
U.S.A?
Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Have been / Has been" •
Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. Have been / Has been J#° nxx grammar …Õ Present Perfect
'Be' form JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J#° 3
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° L#ß XH› Position, Place or Condition …Õ ZO`Ç
Hê•OQê LO@°#ßn ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò`Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Have been / Has been"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I have been here since 7 'O' clock.
2. We have been on special duty for three days.
3. He has been ill for a long time.
4. She has been with us since July last.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`ÇHê•OQê =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° …è#@°=O\÷ XH› Position, Place,
Condition ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "havenot been / has not been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I havenot been in the town for two days.
2. We have not been in the office since morning.
3. She hasnot been well for one week.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò=ô#ß XH› position, place, condition •…Õ ZO`Ç Hê•OQê =ôO@°#ßn
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Have been / Has been" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Have you been busy for one week ?
2. Have they been here since morning ?
3. Has he been your Principal for four years ?
4. Has she been sick since yesterday ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

361 knock knocked knocked `Ç@°“@


362 lack lacked lacked Hù~¡=|_•=ôO_È°@
363 lag lagged lagged "³#°H›|_•†ÇòO_È°@
364 lament lamented lamented ~Ëk•OKÇ°@
365 laugh laughed laughed #=ôÞ@
366 lessen lessened lessened `Çy¾OKÇ°@
367 levy levied levied qk•OKÇ°@
368 lick licked licked <Œä›½@, Q®`ǰ䛽@
369 dread dreaded dreaded ƒ•’†°Ç „¬_°È @
370 dissolve dissolved dissolved H›~¡yOKÇ° h\÷…Õ
371 conceive conceived conceived `Ç•OKÇ°@
372 congeal congealed congealed Q®_ÈÛH›@°“@
373 condole condoled condoled qKŒ~¡=ò `³•°„¬ô@
374 elapse elapsed elapsed Hê•=ò fi‡é=ô@
375 emancipate emancipated emancipated q=òH÷ëK͆Çò@
376 foozle foozeled foozeled „¬xx ‡•_È°K͆ò Ç @
377 confound confounded confounded ƒã •’=°„¬~K¡ °Ç @
378 certify certified certified H÷`Œ|° WKÇ°ó@
379 prove proved proved |°°A=ô K͆Çò@
380 praise praised praised "³°KÇ°óHù#°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
186 A proud mind and a poor purse are illmet.
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SHALL
=°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ Hùxß „¬#°•° K͆°Ç =…ÿ ##° L^Í‰í ¼× =ò H›ey †ÇòO^ΰ=ò. XHùøH›øª•i
W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È° KÇ°#ß„¬ô_È° =°#=ò (I, we) ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ P „¬#°•#° K͆ò Ç L^Í‰í ¼× =ò#°
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô leave apply Kͪ•ë#°. J "Í°=ò D ª•i ^΋~¬ Œ „¬O_È°Q® =¶ Ti…Õ [~¡°„¬ô䛽O\ì=ò.
J "Í°=ò D town …Õ<Í settle J=ô`Œ=ò. J <Í#° next month scooter HùO\ì#°.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° <Í#° (I) , …èH› "Í°=ò (we), =°#=ò XH› „¬xx K͆Çò
L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° (idea) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shall + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : WKÇ@ =° # =ò `Ç„¬æH› K͆Çò„¬#°•° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@…è^ΰ . öH=•O XH› „¬xx


K͆Çò L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@. 'Shall' J#° form öH=•O I, We J#° subjects 䛽
=¶ã`Ç"Í° =KÇ°ó#°.
'<ŒÑ L^Íí‰×¼=ò '<Í#°Ñ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@ Ð 'I shall'
'=¶Ñ L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° "Í°=ò ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@ Ð 'We shall'
EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô Ì ‹ q°<Œ~Ÿ … Õ ‡•…ç¾ O \ì#°. 6. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô g°\÷ O Q· … Õ D q+¬ † Ç ° O
I shall participate in the seminar. KÇiªó •ë=ò.
2. "Í°=ò =KÍó "Œ~¡O "³°‹
Ø ¶
¬ ~Ÿ visit Kͪ•ë=ò. We shall discuss this matter in the
We shall visit Mysore next week. meeting tomorrow.
3. <Í#°=KÍó <³• computer course join 7. <Í#° =KÍó "Œ~¡O <Œ L^˼Q®O Q®°iOz
XH› x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°ä›½O\ì#°.
J=ô`Œ#°. I shall take a decision about my
I shall join the computer course next studies next week.
month.
8. "Í°=ò =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O <³•¶Á~°¡ …Õ branch
4. "Í°=ò =KÍó [#=i…Õ family Hyderabad open Kͪ•ë=ò.
H÷ shift Kͪ•ë=ò. We shall open a branch in Nellore next
We shall shift our family to year.
Hyderabad next January. 9. <Í#°`ÇÞ~¡…Õ Delhi "³ˆ×`Œ#°.
I shall leave for Delhi soon.
5. <Í#° =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O =¶ friends x =¶ 10. "Í°=ò =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O q[†Ç°"Œ_È…Õ
WO\÷H÷ invite Kͪ•ë#°. settle J=ô`Œ=ò.
I shall invite my friends to my house We shall settle down in Vijayawada
next Sunday. next year.

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EXERCISE
11. <Í#° =KÍó "Œ~¡O bank test H÷ appear
J=ô`Œ#°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
I shall appear for the bank test next
week. 1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ h䛽 help
12 "Í°=ò next Monday bank Manager Kͪ•ë#°.
#° consult J=ô`Œ=ò. 2. "Í ° =ò =KÍ ó "Œ~¡ O H© Þ *˜ ‡é\©
We shall consult the Bank Manager
next Monday.
x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë=ò.
13. <Í#° next week leave H÷ apply 3. <Í#° =KÍó <³• ãHù`Çë course …Õ join
Kͪ•ë#°. J=ô`Œ#°.
I shall apply for leave next week. 4. "Í°=ò `ÇÞ~¡…Õ WH›ø_È W•°Á construct
14. "Í°=ò =KÍó Uㄲ…˜…Õ annual day Kͪ•ë=ò.
[~¡°„¬ô`Œ=ò.
5. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô x#°ß P„¦‹
Ô °¬ …Õ H›•°ª•ë#°.
We shall celebrate the annual day
next April. 6. "Í°=ò =KÍó "Œ~¡O „Ì O_••OQ· files clear
15. <Í#° ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O Kͪ•ë=ò.
`³e†Ç°*誕ë#°. 7. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô J`Ç x `Ë D q+¬ † Ç ° O
I shall inform them this news tomor- =¶\ìÁ_È°`Œ#°.
row .
8. "Í°=ò =KÍó <³• 5 # =¶ ‡•„¬ birthday
16. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È guests 䛽 =‹¬u
U~Œæ@° Kͪ•ë=ò. KŒ…ì grand Qê celebrate Kͪ•ë=ò.
We shall provide accommodation 9. <Í#° =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò Q®°O@¶~¡° A.C.
for the guests there tomorrow. Hê…èl…Õ join J=ô`Œ#°.
17. <Í#° next time P job HË‹¬O ㄬ†Ç°`ÇßO 10. "Í°=ò =KÍó _•Ì‹O|~Ÿ…Õ Hù`Çë WO\ÕÁH÷
Kͪ•ë#°. shift J=ô`Œ=ò.
I shall try for that job next time.
11. <Í#° ö~„¬ô marriage …Õ J`ÇxH÷ XH› watch
18. "Í°=ò =KÍó <³• P W•°Á Mìm Kͪ•ë=ò.
present Kͪ•ë#°.
We shall vacate that house next
month. 12. "Í°=ò =KÍó "Í‹¬q…Õ tour x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë=ò.
19. <Í#° ö~„¬ô SBI …Õ ~¡¶. 50,000/Ð 13. <Í#° next summer …Õ English grammar
_•‡•l\˜ Kͪ•ë#°. <Í~¡°ó䛽O\ì#°.
I shall deposit Rs. 50,000/- in the 14. "Í ° =ò D ª•i function H÷ =¶
SBI tomorrow.
|O^•Î°=ô•O^Îih P‚¬ðÞxª•ë=ò.
20. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·H÷ Jxß U~Œæ@°Á
Kͪ•ë=ò. 15. <Í#° D ª•i ZxßH›•…Õ BJP H÷ F@°
We shall make all the arrangements "ͪ•ë#°.
for the meeting tomorrow. Z
Cut your coat according to the cloth. 188
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
=°#䛽 XH›„¬x K͆Çò L^Íí‰×¼=ò …è䛽O_È°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È"Œix H›•°=#°. J "Í°=ò =KÍó"Œ~¡O P programme …Õ ‡•…ç¾#=ò.
J "Í°=ò "Œi q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË=ò. J <Í#° next May …Õ EAMCET H÷ appear J=#°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xK͆ò
Ç L^Í‰í ¼× =ò
…èH›‡é=ô@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß =¼H÷ë (speaker) <Í#° …èH› "Í°=ò (I , We)
`Œ#° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
''''Shall + not + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, We, Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° =¶ã`Ç"Í° 'Shall notÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô computer class H÷ attend 6. "Í°=ò Dª•i "Œi q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O
J=#°. KÍ‹¬°HË=ò.
I shall not attend the computer class We shall not interefere in their matter
tomorrow. this time.
2. "Í°=ò =KÍó <³• D course …Õ join J==ò. 7. <Í#° WH› J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡#°.
We shall not join this course next I shall not seek his help hereafter.
month. 8. "Í ° =ò D ª•i g°\÷ O Q· postpone
3. <Í#° ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ `Ë_È°Qê <³•¶Á~¡° "³ˆ×¤#°. K͆ǰ=ò.
I shall not accompany them to Nellore We shall not postpone the meeting
tomorrow. this time.
4. "Í°=ò D ª•i annual day celebrate 9. <Í # ° next year D Hê…è l …Õ work
K͆ǰ=ò. K͆ǰ#°.
We shall not celebrate the annual day I shall not work in this college next
this time. year.
5. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô J`Ç x `Ë D q+¬ † Ç ° =ò 10. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô strike …Õ ‡•…ç¾#=ò.
=¶\ìÁ_È#°. We shall not participate in the strike
I shall not talk to him this matter tomorrow.
tomorrow.
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11. <Í#° =KÍó <³• =¶ native place H÷ "³ˆ×¤#°. EXERCISE


I shall not go to my native place next D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
month.
12. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È "Œi HË‹¬ O wait 1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ duty H÷ attend J=#°.
K͆ǰ=ò.
We shall not wait for them there 2. "Í°=ò D <³• house rent pay K͆ǰ=ò.
tomorrow.
3. <Í#° ö~„¬ô "Œi`Ë K³<³áß "³ˆ×¤#°.
13. <Í#° =KÍó <³• =¶ brother H÷ money
„¬O„¬#°. 4. "Í°=ò D ª•i work delay K͆ǰ=ò.
I shall not send money to my brother
next month. 5. <Í#° degree `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç studies continue
14. "Í°=ò D ª•i P hotel …Õ stay K͆°Ç =ò. K͆ǰ#°.
We shall not stay at that hotel this time. 6. "Í°=ò D ª•i farewell party celebrate
15. <Í#° ö~„¬ô Hê…èlH÷ ~Œ#°. K͆ǰ=ò.
I shall not come to college tomorrow.
16. "Í ° =ò next month holidays WH›ø_È 7. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D q+¬†Ç°O J`ÇxH÷ K³„¬æ#°.
Q®_È„¬=ò. 8. "Í°=ò WH› J`Çxx #=°à=ò.
We shall not spend our holidays here
next month. 9. <Í#° WH› J`Çx`Ë move J=#°.
17. <Í#° D ª•i test H÷ apply K͆ǰ#°.
10. "Í°=ò "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ U trouble
I shall not apply for the test this time.
W=Þ=ò.
18. "Í°=ò D ª•i J`ÇxH÷ money J„¬CQê
W=Þ=ò. 11. <Í#° D book refer K͆ǰ#°.
We shall not lend him money this time.
12. "Í°=ò D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ "ŒiH÷ support
19. <Í#° Dª•i EAMCET 䛽 coaching
f‹¬°HË#°. K͆ǰ=ò.
I shall not take coaching for the 13. <Í#° WH› <Œ time waste K͆ǰ#°.
EAMCET this time.
20. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È work continue 14. "Í°=ò WH› "ŒiÌ„á P^•¥~¡„_
¬ =
È ò.
K͆ǰ=ò. 15. "Í°=ò Dª•i tournments x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ=ò.
We shall not continue the work there
tomorrow.
Z
Spare the rod and spoil the child. 190
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
<Í#° …èH› =°#=ò XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ^ΕKÇ° L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ letter ã"ŒÀ‹^¥ ? J =°#=ò =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O picnic "³ˆ×^¥=¶?
J <Í#° =KÍó <³• h䛽 money „¬OÀ„^¥? J <Í#° h䛽 shop #°O_•book f‹¬°ä›½=KÍ^ó ¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
<Í#° …èH› =°#=ò XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ^ΕKÇ° L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ö~„¬ô, =KÍó"Œ~¡O, =KÍó<³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
=¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß =¼H÷ë …èH› =¼ä›½ë•° (<Í#° …èH› =°#=ò) XH› „¬xx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô L^Íí‰×¼=ò#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Shall + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Shall J#° D form 'I' =°i†Çò 'We' J#° subjects 䛽 =¶ã`Ç"Í° L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô g° P„¦Ô‹¬°H÷ =KÍó^¥? 6. <Í#° ö~„¬ô h HË‹¬O WO\÷ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ wait
Shall I come to your office tomorrow? KÍÀ‹^¥?
2. =°#=ò next Sunday picnic "³ˆ×^¥=¶? Shall I wait for you at home tomorrow?
Shall we go on a picnic next Sunday? 7. <Í#° ö~„¬ô <³•¶Á~¡°H÷ h䛽 `Ë_È°Qê =KÍó^¥?
3. =°#=ò next Monday manager #° shall I accompany you to Nellore
consult J=ô^¥=¶? tomorrow?
Shall we consult the Manager next 8. =°#=ò next month Mysore visit
Monday? KÍ^¥í=¶?
4. <Í#° D q+¬†Ç°O ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ inform Shall we visit Mysore next month?
KÍÀ‹^¥? 9. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ marriage …Õ XH›
Shall I Inform them this matter watch present KÍ^¥í=¶?
tomorrow? Shall we present him a watch in the
5. =°#=ò next Sunday farewell party marriage tomorrow?
celebrate KÍ^¥í=¶? 10. =°#=ò D ª•i function H÷ guest Qê
Shall we celebrate the farewell party H›…ÿH›“~Ÿ#° invite KÍ^¥í=¶?
next Sunday? Shall we invite the Collector as guest
to the function this time?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô hHË‹¬O ZH›ø_È wait KÍÀ‹k? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Where shall I wait for you tomorrow?
2. =°#=ò new house …ÕH÷ Z„¬C_È° shift 1. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô classes boycot KÍ^¥í=¶?
J=ô^¥=ò?
2. <Í#° ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ D message „¬OÀ„^¥?
When shall we shift to the new house?
3. <Í#° h䛽 Chennai #°O_• Uq° `³Kk
óÍ ? 3. <Í#° ö~„¬ô evening show H÷ =°#H÷ tickets
What shall I bring for you from book KÍÀ‹^¥?

Chennai? 4. =°#=ò next month D house vacate


4. =°#=ò next U course join J=ô^¥=ò? KÍ^¥í=¶?
Which course Shall we join next? 5. <Í#° ö~„¬ô h䛽 D q+¬†Ç°O Q®°~¡°ë KÍÀ‹^¥?
5. <Í#° ö~„¬ô g° father H÷ Uq° K³À„æk? 6. =°#=ò next week invitation cards
What shall I tell your father tomorrow?
distribute KÍ^¥í=¶?
6. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ ZO`Ç money pay
KÍ^¥í=ò? 7. <Í#° D book f‹¬°Hù<Í^¥?
Howmuch money shall we pay him 9. <Í#° ~ö „¬ô ƒì¼OH± #°O_• money withdraw
tomorrow? KÍÀ‹^¥?
7. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô Hyderabad …Õ U ‚¬ìÙ@…˜…Õ 10. <Í#° D point dairy …Õ note KÍ‹°¬ Hù<Í^¥?
stay KÍ^¥í=ò?
11. =°#=ò house work Z„¬ C _È ° start
In which hotel Shall we stay in
KÍ^¥í=ò?
Hyderabad tomorrow ?
8. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È Z=ix consult
12. <Í#° g° WO\÷H÷ Z„¬C_È° =KÍók?
J=ô^¥=ò? 13. =°#=ò =°# „² • Á • #° next year U
Whom shall we consult there ‹¬¶ø…ÕÁ admit KÍ^¥í=ò?
tomorrow? 14. ö~„¬ô guests 䛽 =°#=ò =‹¬u ZH›ø_È
9. =°#=ò MBA H÷ ZH›ø_È apply KÍ^¥í=ò? provide KÍ^¥í=ò ?
Where shall we apply for MBA?
15. Next Sunday =°#=ò ZH›ø_•H÷
10. =°#=ò al<³‹¹…Õ ZO`Ç amount invest "³ˆ×^¥=ò?
KÍ^¥í=ò?
Howmuch amount shall we invest in
the business?
Z
A stitch in time saves nine. 192
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
=°#=ò K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›•°==^¥í? J =°#=ò ö~„¬ô P function H÷ attend Hê=^¥í ?
J <Í#° =°~¡• WH›ø_•H÷ uiy ~Œ=^¥í? J =°#=ò D test H÷ appear Hê=^¥í?
Ì „ á "ŒH› ¼ =ò•° ƒ•’ q +¬ ¼ `Ç ° ë … Õ =°#=ò KÍ † Ç ° x XH› „¬ x x Q® ° iOz ã „ ¬ t ß O KÇ ° @#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° <Í#° (I) …èH› "Í°=ò , =°#=ò (we) J#Qê
=¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß =¼H÷ë (speaker) `Œ#° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shalln't + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We =¶ã`Ç"Í° Subject Qê LO_È°#°. H›#°H› "Shalln't " =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=^¥í? 6. <Í#° D letter post K͆ǰ=^¥í?
Shalln't I come here tomorrow? Shalln't I post this letter?
2. =°#=ò ö ~ „¬ ô "Œi`Ë D q+¬ † Ç ° O 7. =°#=ò D q+¬†Ç°O "ŒiH÷ `³•°„¬=^¥í?
KÇióOKÇ=^¥í? Shalln't we inform them this matter?
Shalln't we discuss this matter with
them tomorrow? 8. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô bank #°O_• money draw
K͆ǰ=^¥í?
3. <Í#° ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O K³„¬æ=^¥í? Shalln't I withdraw money from the
Shalln't I tell him this matter tomorrow?
bank tomorrow?
4. =°#=ò ö ~ „¬ ô J`Ç x H÷ money pay
K͆ǰ=^¥í? 9. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô g°HË‹¬ O JH› ø _È wait
K͆ǰ=^¥í?
Shalln't we pay him money tomorrow?
Shalln't we wait there for you tomorrow?
5. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _•H÷ "³ ˆ × ¤ = ^¥í ?
Shalln't we go there tomorrow?
10. <Í#° J`ÇxH÷ help K͆ǰ=^¥í?
Shalln't I help him?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_•H÷ =°#=ò ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ¤=


× ^ΰ?í D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why shalln't we go there tomorrow?
12. ö~„¬ô <Í#° duty H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend Hê=^ΰí? 1. <Í#° D photograph J`ÇxH÷ KǶ„¬=^¥í?
Why shalln't I attend the duty
tomorrow? 2. =°#=ò Dª•i "ŒiÌ„á P^•¥~¡„_
¬ =
È ^¥í?
13. P programme …Õ "Í ° =ò ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 3. <Í#° D letters type K͆ǰ=^¥í?
‡•…ç¾#=^ΰ?í
Why shalln't we participate in that 4. =°#=ò D HË~¡°• KÍ~=
¡ ^¥í?
programme?
5. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ phone K͆ǰ=^¥í?
14. ö~„¬ô g°`Ë <Í<³O^ΰ䛽 ~Œ=^ΰí?
Why shalln't I come with you 6. <Í#° ö~„¬ô D bill pay K͆ǰ=^¥í?
tomorrow?
7. =°#=ò ö~„¬ô "Œix invite K͆ǰ=^¥í?
15. ~ö „¬ô "Í°=ò JH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽 stayK͆°Ç =^ΰ?í
Why shalln't we stay there tomorrow? 8. =°#=ò JH›ø_È "Œix ‹¬OㄬkOKÇ=^¥í?
16. =°#O ö ~ „¬ ô "Œˆ× ¤ ` Ë match ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 9. <Í#° ö~„¬ô J`ÇxH÷ `Ë_È°Qê "³ˆ×¤=^¥í?
P_È=^ΰí?
Why shalln't we play match against 10. =°#=ò May …Õ test H÷ appear J==^¥í?
them tomorrow?
11. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È J`Ç x x ZO^Î ° ä› ½
17. <Í # ° "Œi`Ë Dq+¬ † Ç ° O ZO^Î ° ä› ½ H›•°==^ΰí?
=¶\ìÁ_È=^ΰí?
Why shalln't I talk to them this matter? 12. =°#=ò J`Çxx D q+¬†Ç°O ZO^ΰ䛽
J_ÈQ®=^ΰí?
18. =°#=ò J`Ç x H÷ money ZO^Î ° ä› ½
„¬O„¬=^ΰí? 13. <Í#° ö~„¬ô P file ZO^ΰ䛽 `Í=^ΰí?
Why shalln't we send him money?
14. =°#=ò JH› ø _È dinner ZO^Î ° ä› ½
19. =°#=ò P WO\ÕÁH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 shift Hê=^ΰí? f‹¬°HË=^ΰí?
Why shalln't we shift to that house?
20. =°#=ò D ª•i "Œi ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO ZO^ΰ䛽 15. <Í#° D medicine ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°HË=^ΰí?
HË~¡=^ΰí?
Why shalln't we seek their help this
time?
Z
A bad workman complains of his tools. 194
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Shall' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Shall' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#°
4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬xx K͆ò
Ç L^͉œ ¼× =ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall + I form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°. I, We - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° =¶ã`Ç"Í° 'shall' =KÇ°ó#°.
Ex : 1. I shall meet you tomorrow.
2. We shall celebrate the Farewell Party next Sunday.
3. I shall appear for the I-CET next May.
4. We shall organize a tour next month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç H› ‡é=ô@#° (L^͉œ ¼× =ò …èH)› negative sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shall not + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I shall not continue my studies next year.
2. We shall not stay here tomorrow.
3. I shall not join this course.
4. We shall not seek his help in this matter.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬xx K͆ò
Ç L^͉œ ¼× =ò#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shall
+ I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shall I consult the Manager tomorrow?
2. Shall we visit Mysore next month?
3. Shall I come here tomorrow?
4. Shall we play a friendly match next Sunday?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°#=ò K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz (L^͉œ ¼× =ò …èH)› negative sense …Õ
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shalln't + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shalln't I wait for you tomorrow?
2. Shalln't we invite them to the party next week?
3. Shalln't I bring books for you?
4. Shalln't we stay here tonight?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

381. lift lifted lifted Ì„áïH`Ç°ë@


382. lighten lightened lightened ƒ•ì~¡=ò#° `ÇyO¾ KÇ°
383. listen listened listened q#°@
384. live lived lived x=tOKÇ°@
385. locate located located ‹¬Ö•=ò#° H›#°Q®ù#°
386. maintain maintained maintained x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
387. manage managed managed [i„²OKÇ°@
388. marry married married q"Œ‚¬ì=¶_È°@
389. mediate mediated mediated =°^•Î¼‹¬=Ö ò K͆ò
Ç
390. mend mended mended ‹¬iK͆Çò@
391. mention mentioned mentioned ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@
392. merge merged merged XH›\÷ K͆Çò@
393. mingle mingled mingled H›•°„¬ôHù#°@
394. miss missed missed Q®°i `Ç„¬ôæ@,
JO^ΰHË…èH› ‡é=ô@
395. mix mixed mixed H›•°„¬ô@
396. moan moaned moaned "³°•ÁQê U_È°ó@
397. mock mocked mocked ZQ®`Œo K͆Çò@
398. mourn mourned mourned ‰ÕH÷OKÇ°@
399. move moved moved H›keOKÇ°@
400. murmer murmered murmered Qù}°Q®°@

D ~ËA …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,


Spoken English lesson
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
196 Despair gives courage to a coward.
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WILL
=°#=ò Hùxß „¬#°•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ `Ç„æ¬ H› K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x x~¡~â òOKÇ°HùO^ΰ=ò. XHùøH›ø
ª•i W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ `Ç„æ¬ H› K͆ò
Ç XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
1 <Í#° D ª•i `Ç„æ¬ H› prize Qï •°ª•ë#°. 2. "Í°=ò =KÍ ó<³• `Ç„¬æH› loan clear KÇªÍ •ë=ò.
3. P"³° D ª•i =°#•#° `Ç„æ¬ H› P‚¬ðÞx‹¬°Oë k. 5. ªÏ~¡"£ Q®OQ®¶b =°~¡• captain J=ô`Œ_È°.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó
<³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° `Ç„æ¬ H› definite Qê K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô
XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Will + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, PluralU^³á##° "Will + I form" =KÇ°ó#°.
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH› Q®\“÷ x~¡†
â °Ç O f‹¬°Hùx P „¬xx `Ç„æ¬ H›
K͆Çò@Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° D „¬sH›Æ…Õ `Ç„¬æH› pass J=ô`Œ#°. 6. "Œ~¡° =KÍó _•‰×O|~¡°…Õ D HË~¡°• „¬îië
I will pass this examination definitely. Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
They will complete this course next
2. "Í°=ò Yzó`ÇOQê D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ h䛽 December.
support Kͪ•ë=ò. 7. ZxßH›• H›g°+¬<£ `ÇÞ~¡…Õ ZxßH›• `Ín•#°
We will support you in this matter. ㄬH›\÷‹¬°ëOk.
3. h=ô `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ appointment orders The Election Commission will
JO^Îΰ䛽O\ì=ô. announce the election dates soon.
You will receive the appointment 8. D train ~ö „¬ô L^Ά°Ç O 10 Q®OII•ä›½ _••bÁ
orders soon. KÍ~¡°ä›½O@°Ok.
This train will reach Delhi at 10 a.m.
4. ~Œ‚¬•…˜ ã^¥q_£ Indian team H÷ next tomorrow.
captain J=ô`Œ_È°. 9. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô J`Çxx hospital …Õ admit
Rahul Dravid will become the next Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
captain of the Indian team. They will admit him to hospital
tomorrow.
5. Mrs. ªéx†Ç¶ QêOn• =°~¡• J"Í°n• #°O_• 10. "Œ~¡° =KÍ ó<³• ãHù`Çë product #° =¶ï~ø\˜
‡•~¡"Á °³ O\˜ä½› ‡é\© Kͪ•ë~°¡ . …ÕxH÷ q_È°^Ε Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
Mrs. Sonia Gandhi will contest to the They will release a new product into
Parliament from Amethi again. the market next month.

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11. =¶ "Í°<Í[~Ÿ ö~„¬ô Vizag camp "³ˆ×`Œ~¡°. EXERCISE


Our Manager will go on camp to
Vizag tomorrow.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. =òY¼=°Oãu _••…ÕÁ…Õ ~ö „¬ô „ã ^¬ •¥x`Ë ~ŒR
‹¬=°‹¬¼•° KÇióª•ë~°¡ . 1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô `Ç„¬æH› „¬sH›Æ „¦ÔA pay Kͪ•ë#°.
The C.M will discuss the state
2. "Í ° =ò D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ hä› ½ `Ç „ ¬ æ H›
problems with the P.M. in Delhi
tomorrow. ‹¬‚ì¬ H›iª•ë=ò.
13. D world cup ‡é\©•…Õ =°# Indian 3. =¶ father ~ö „¬ô =¶ „ã x ² •„¬…#
˜ ° consult
team finals H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½O@°Ok. J=ô`Œ~¡°.
The Indian team will reach the finals
in this world cup tournments.
4. P"³° ö~„¬ô `Ç# 21= „¬ô\÷“# ~ËA [~¡°„¬ô
14. H›=ü¼x‹¬°“ ‡•s“ "Œ~¡° =KÍ ó ªé=°"Œ~¡O 䛽O@°Ok.
‚Ì ìá ^Î~Œƒì^£…Õ ƒ•ìs ~Œ¼b x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~°¡ . 5. "Œ~¡° =KÍó<³• bank loan clear Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
The Communist parties will organise
6. ö~„¬ô annual day celebrations …Õ "Í°=ò
a huge ralley in Hyderabad next
Monday. XH› <Œ\÷H› „ã ^ ¬ iΠŪ•ë=ò.
15. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ Ì„^Îí 7. Lª•àx†Ç¶ †Çüx=i•\© E<£ 16#
amount „Ì @°“|_• „Ì _È`Œ~¡°. B.Ed., entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ì‹¬°ëOk.
They will invest a big amount in the
business this year.
8. ö~„¬ô =¶ WO\÷H÷ guests =ª•ë~°¡ .
16. =¶ uncle retire J†Ç ° # `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç 9. =¶ brother next year USA "³ˆìë_È°.
business start Kͪ•ë~°¡ . 10. =¶ father D ª•i =òx‹²„…¬ ˜ ZxßH•› …Õ
My uncle will start business after his ‡é\©KªÍ •ë~°¡ .
retirement.
17. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XH› English dictionary 11. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô 7 p.m H÷ programme
publish Kͪ•ë~°¡ . ‡ã •~¡Oa•ª•ë~°¡ .
They will publish a new English 12. "Í°=ò next Sunday Hindi test "ã Œª•ë=ò.
Dictionary soon.
13. =¶ father next June …Õ =¶ brother x
18. C.B.I. P öH‹¬° ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
The C.B.I. will investigate the case. B.Tech …Õ admit Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
19. ö~„¬ô H›…ÿH›“~¡° programme #° inaugurate 14. <Í # ° x#°ß =°~¡ • ö ~ „¬ ô ª•†Ç ° Oã ` Ç O
Kͪ•ë~°¡ . H›•°ª•ë#°.
The Collector will inaugurate the
programme tomorrow.
15. English lecturer ~ö „¬ô =°#䛽 new poem
20. ㄬƒ•’°`ÇÞO `ÇÞ~¡…Õ ordinance pass explain Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
KÍ‹¬°ëOk.
The government will pass the
ordinance soon.
Z
Birds of the same feather gather together. 198
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NEGATIVE FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH› (firm decision)
|•"³°Ø# x~¡â†Ç°O ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ h䛽 ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ#°. J "Í°=ò D ª•i „ã †
¬ °Ç `ÇßO…Õ fail J==ò.
J P"³° D proposal X„¬ôCHË^ΰ. J P†Ç°# D ª•i Z•H›<Æ …£ Õ ‡é\© K͆°Ç ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬x Q®°iOz (firm
decision) XH› |•"³°Ø# x~¡â†Ç°=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.

D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH› Q®\“÷
x~¡â†Ç°O`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + not + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³ á # #¶ ''''Will + not + I form of the verbÑÑÑÑ
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° D mistake =°~¡• K͆ǰ#°. 6. "Í°=ò D ª•i P‡•s“H÷ vote "͆ǰ=ò.
I will not commit this mistake again. We will not vote for that party this time.
2. "Í°=ò D J=Hê‰×=ò#° =^ΰ•°HË=ò. 7. h=ô ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ "Œi #°Oz U problem
We will not lose this opportunity. face K͆ǰ=ô.
You will not face any problem from
3. =¶ brother WH› studies continue them in future.
K͆ǰ_È°. 8. "Í°<Í[~¡° h䛽 XH› •H›Æ ~¡¶‡•†Ç°• H›O>è
My brother will not continue his Z䛽ø= loan sanction K͆ǰ~¡°.
studies. The Manager will not sanction you
4. =¶ cousin h proposal J‹¬•° accept more than Rs. 1 lakh loan.
K͆ǰ_È°. 9. =¶ sister next year college …Õ KÇ^°Î =^ΰ.
My cousin will not accept to your My sister will not study in the college
proposal. next year.
5. "Œ~¡° D <³• P house vacate K͆ǰ~¡°. 10. g°~¡ ° picnic "³ ˆ × Ã ¤ @ ä› ½ principal
They will not vacate that house this permission W=Þ~¡°.
month. The Principal will not give you
permission to go on a picnic.

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11. Manager D~ËA P„¦Ô‹¬°ä›½ ~Œ~¡°. EXERCISE


The Manager will not come to office D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
today.

12. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Group-2 posts


ƒ•’së K͆°Ç ^ΰ. 1. Intermediate Board D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
syllabus change K͆ǰ^ΰ.
The government will not fill up the
Group - 2 posts this year. 2. POã^•¥†Çüx=iÅ\© Dª•i entrance test
13. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È g°#°Oz Ug° demand x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ^ΰ.
K͆ǰ~¡°. 3. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô college function …Õ
They will not demand anything from indiscipline tolerate K͆ǰ=ò.
you there tomorrow.
4. =¶ father <Œä›½ D <³• money „¬O„¬~¡°.
14. "Í°=ò "ŒiH÷ JH›ø_È U =‹¬u provide
5. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô strike 䛽 =°^Îí`Ç° W=Þ~¡°.
K͆ǰ=ò.
We will not provide them any 6. J`Ç_È° WH› D scooter use K͆ǰ_È°.
accommodation there tomorrow. 7. principal h䛽 D course …Õ admission
15. "Œ~¡° WH› guides publish K͆ǰ~¡°. W=Þ~¡°.
They will not publish guides hereafter.
8. Next test match …Õ Shehwag P_È_È°.
16. =¶ father WH› business KǶ‹¬°HË~¡°. 9. ~ö „¬ô =°# l…ìÁ…Õ |‹¬°••° #_È==ô.
My father will not look after business
hereafter. 10. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ=ò P G.O. #° L„¬‹¬O‚¬ìiOKÇ°
HË^ΰ.
17. ANR WH› films …Õ act K͆ǰ~¡°.
ANR will not act in films hereafter. 11. WO_•†Ç°<£• QêOn•rx Z„¬æ\H÷ © =°~¡z‡é~¡°.
18. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O tour x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~¡°. 12. ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ <Í#° <Œ Ja•ã‡•†Ç°O
They will not organize a tour this year. express K͆ǰ#°.

19. "Í°=ò WH› =‹¬°ë=ô•° credit 䛽 J=°à=ò. 13. "Œ~¡° =KÍó "Œ~¡O class x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~¡°.
We will not sell goods on credit.
14. =¶ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ ##°ß
friends
20. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô D q+¬†Ç¶xß serious Qê encourage K͆ǰ~¡°.
f‹¬°Hù#~¡°.
15. =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O promotion
They will not consider this matter
‡ÚO^Î_È°.
seriously.
Z
The child is father of the man. 200
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QUESTION FORM
=°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ H›
(definite) K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.

J h=ô D ª•i definite Qê pass J=ô`Œ"Œ ? J g°~¡° =KÍó <³• definite Qê money repay Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
J P"³° D proposal `Ç„¬æH› X„¬C䛽O@°O^¥ ? J N KÇOã^΃ì|° =°~¡• ‹².ZO. J=ô`Œ~Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ `Ç„æ¬ H› K͆ò
Ç XH› „¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° `Ç„¬æH› K͆Çò XH› „¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject – You, He, She, It, They J~ò#„¬C_È° 'will +I form of the verb'
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô next year studies continue Kͪ•ë"Œ? 6. N KÇOã^΃ì|° =°~¡• =°# CM J=ô`Œ~Œ?
Will you continue your studies next Will Sri Chandra Babu become our
year ? C.M. again ?
2. g°~¡° D town …Õ<Í settle J=ô`Œ~Œ ? 7. D tournments …Õ Indian team definite
Will you settle down in this town ? Qê finals H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½O@°O^¥ ?
3. g° brother next month U.S.A. "³ˆ`× Œ_¨? Will the Indian team reach the finals
in this tournments definitely ?
Will your brother go to the U.S.A. next
month ?
8. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô definite Qê bill pay Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
Will you pay the bill definitely tomorrow?
4. g° sister D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O degree „¬îië 9. q.q.Z‹¹. •H›;}Ÿ D series …Õ ä›•_¨ ƒìQê
KÍ‹¬°ëO^¥ ? shine J=ô`Œ_¨ ?
Will your sister complete her degree
Will V.V.S. Lakshman succeed in this
this year ? series also ?
5. g° friends D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ h䛽 `Ç„¬æH› co- 10. \÷._•.„,² a.*.ÿ „² H÷ Dª•i 䛕_¨ =°^Î`í °Ç
operate Kͪ•ë~Œ ? W‹¬°ëO^¥ ?
Will your friends co-operate you in this Will the TDP support the BJP this time
matter ? also ?

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11. h=ô Head-master #° Z„¬C_È° consult EXERCISE


J=ô`Œ=ô ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
When will you consult the Head-
master ?
12. g°~¡° next Sunday ZH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆ`× Œ~¡° ? 1. g°~¡° ~ö „¬ô college function …Õ <Œ\÷H› play
Where will you go next Sunday ?
Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
13. N KÇOã^΃ì|° D ª•i ZH›ø_È ‡é\©
Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? 2. h=ô next month scooter HùO\ì"Œ ?
Where will Sri Chandra Babu contest 3. g° fatherx#°ß next year B.Tech …Õ
this time ?
admit Kͪ•ë~Œ ?
14. g°~¡° future …Õ ZH›ø_È settle J=ô`Œ~¡° ?
Where will you settle down in future ? 4. P"³ ° next year ä› • _¨ Vizag …Õ<Í
15. "Œ~¡° <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ branch Z„¬C_È° open KÇ^ΰ=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? 5. "Œ~¡ ° =°#ä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô material supply
When will they open the branch in Kͪ•ë~Œ?
Nellore ?
16. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô P work H÷ ZO`Ç money 6. =òY¼=°Oãu ö~„¬ô =°# l…ìÁ „¬~¡¼@#䛽
demand Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? =ª•ë~Œ ?
Howmuch money will they demand for 7. N=°u ªéx†Ç¶ QêOn• „ã ^¬ •¥x J=ô`Œ~Œ?
that work tomorrow ?
8. g°~¡ ° =KÍ ó "Œ~¡ = ò seminar …Õ
17. ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È =°#•#° Z=~¡° receive
‡•…ç¾O\ì~Œ ?
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O\ì~¡° ?
Who will receive us there tomorrow ? 9. g° brother next month job H÷ resign
18. Next Sunday g° function Z=~¡ ° Kͪ•ë_¨ ?
inaugurate Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? 10. "Œ~¡° x#°ß WOHùH› ª•i #=òà`Œ~Œ ?
Who will inaugurate the function next
Sunday ?
11. g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°=òÌ„á x~¡â†Ç°O Z„¬C_È°
19. ö~„¬ô interview H÷ ZO`Ç =°Ok candidates f‹¬°ä›½O\ì~¡° ?
attend J=ô`Œ~¡° ? 12. h=ô D ª•i Z=iH÷ F@° "ͪ•ë=ô ?
Howmany condidates will attend the
13. `Í[ next U film direct Kͪ•ë_°È ?
interview tomorrow ?
20. g°~¡° next year college H÷ ZO`Ç amount 14. g° father hä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô ZO`Ç money
donate Kͪ•ë~°¡ ? „¬O„¬ô`Œ~¡° ?
Howmuch amount will you donate for
the college next year ?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬ô =°#=ò "Œix H›•°==^¥í ? J h=ô ö~„¬ô computer class H÷ ~Œ"Œ ?
J J`Ç_È° =KÍó "Œ~¡O duty H÷ attend J=_¨ ? J P"³° WH› college …Õ KÇ^Î=^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=òQêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó <³•,
=KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Willn't (won't) + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
You, He, She, It, They - subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Won't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g°~¡° <Œä›½ D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ help K͆ǰ~Œ? 7. g°~¡° ö~„¬\÷ =~¡ä›½ JH›ø_È wait K͆ǰ~Œ ?
Won't you help me in this matter? Won't you wait there till tomorrow ?

2. h=ô ö~„¬ô office H÷ "³ˆ×¤"Œ ? 8. g°~¡ ° WH› J`Ç x q+¬ † Ç ° =ò *ÕH› ¼ O


Won't you go to office tomorrow? KÍ‹¬°HË~Œ?
Won't you interefere in his matter
3. J`Ç_È° D course join J=_¨ ?
hereafter?
Won't he join this course ?
9. h=ô Dª•i entrance test H÷ apply
4. P"³° D proposal X„¬CHù#^¥ ?
K͆ǰ"Œ ?
Won't she accept to this proposal ?
Won't you apply for the entrance test
5. "Œ~¡° D town …Õ settle J=~Œ ? this time ?
Won't they settle down in this town?
10. P"³ ° next year D college …Õ
6. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô =°#•#° JH› ø _È receive „¬xK͆ǰ^¥?
KÍ‹¬°HË~Œ? Won't she work in this college next
Won't they receive us there tomorrow? year?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11 h=ô ö~„¬ô =¶`Ë picnic H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ=ô? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why won't you come on picnic with us
tomorrow ?
1. h=ô WH› studies continue K͆ǰ"Œ?
12. g°~¡° next week =~¡ä›½ WH›ø_È ZO^ΰ䛽
LO_È~¡° ? 2. g°~¡° ~ö „¬ô T.V. …Õ cricket match KǶ_È~Œ?
Why won't you stay here till next week?
3. g°~¡° next Sunday Ongole H÷ ~Œ~Œ ?
13. J`Ç _ È ° hä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ_È° ? 4. h=ô next May …Õ entrance test H÷ appear
Why won't he co-operate with you in J="Π?
this matter ?
5. P"³° D ª•i function H÷ =°#•#° invite
14. P"³° D medicines ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°Hù#^ΰ? K͆ǰ^¥ ?
Why won't she take these medicines?
6. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô bill pay K͆ǰ_¨ ?
15. "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 support K͆ǰ~¡°?
Why won't they support us ? 7. "Œ~¡° D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ =°#H÷ ‹¬‚ì¬ H›iOKÇ~Œ?
16. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 P „¬xK͆ǰ=ô ? 8. h=ô ö~„¬ô ZxßH›•…Õ vote "͆ǰ"Œ ?
Why won't you do that work ?
9. h=ô ö~„¬ô office H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆ×¤=ô ?
17. "Œ~¡° J`ÇxÌ„á ZO^ΰ䛽 KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°Hù#~¡°?
Why won't they take action against 10. g°~¡ ° next week meeting ZO^Î ° ä› ½
him? x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ~¡° ?
18. h=ô next March exam H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 appear 11. P†Ç°# D ª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡é\©
J==ô ? K͆ǰ~¡° ?
Why won't you appear for the exams
next March ? 12. P"³° D ª•i birthday ZO^ΰ䛽 celebrate
KÍ‹¬°HË^ΰ ?
19. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô meeting H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
J=_È° ? 13. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#•#° ZO^ΰ䛽 cousult
Why won't he attend the meeting J=~¡°?
tomorrow ?
14. g°~¡° ~ö „¬ô seminar …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡•…ç¾#~¡°?
20. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O tour ZO^ΰ䛽 organize
K͆ǰ~¡° ? 15. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô =°#`Ë TiH÷ ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ_È°?
Why won't they organize a tour this
year?

Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Will' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Will' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ `Ç„æ¬ HK
› †
Í ò
Ç XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will
+ I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will help you in this matter. 2. We will organize a tour next month.
3. She will join MBA next June. 3. He will participate in the seminar next Sunday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense
…Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽"Won't + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I won't stay here tomorrow. 2. We won't settle down in this town.
3. He won't come here next week. 4. They won't accept to this proposal.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ `Ç„¬æH›K͆Çò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Will you post this letter?
2. Will you visit Tirumala next month?
3. Will you complete the course next December?
4. Will they vacate the house next month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense
…Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽"Won't + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Won't you come here tomorrow?
2. Won't you stay here tonight?
3. Won't you join college next year?
4. Won't they pay the bill tomorrow?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

401. narrate narrated narrated q=iOz K³„¬C


402. neglect neglected neglected x~¡ÁH›Æ¼=ò K͆Çò
403. nod nodded nodded `Ç•= J#°=°uOKÇ°
404. nominate nominated nominated x†Ç°q°OKÇ°@
405. obey obeyed obeyed q^•Í†°Ç `ÇQê LO_È°@
406. oblige obliged obliged |^ΰœ_³á †ÇòO_È°@
407. obtain obtained obtained ‡ÚO^ΰ@
408. occupy occupied occupied PãH›q°OKÇ°@
409. occur occured occured ‹¬Oƒ•’qOKÇ°@
410. offer offered offered WKÇ°ó@
411. omit omitted omitted q_•zÌ„@°“@
412. ooze oozed oozed Hê~¡°@
413. open opened opened `³~¡KÇ°@
414. operate operated operated #_•„²OKÇ°@
415. opine opined opined ƒ•ìqOKÇ°@
416. oppose opposed opposed =¼uö~H÷OKÇ°@
417. owe owed owed |°°}„¬_• =ôO_È°@
418. pardon pardoned pardoned H›Æq°OKÇ°, =°xßOKÇ°
419. participate participated participated ‡•…ç¾#°@
420. pass passed passed Q®_È„¬ô@, ^¥@°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
206 Hope and expectation are a fool's income.
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MAY
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH› „¬xx K͆ò Ç J=Hê‰×=ò (Possibility) #° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬x [~¡Q= ® KÇ°ó,
[~¡Q®H›‡é=KÇ°ó. ‹¬O^Í‚¬ì=òQê (doubtful) K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô =¶ brother `Ë K³<³áß "³ˆ×¤=KÇ°ó. J "Í°=ò |‚¬•‰§ =KÍó <³• D W•°Á Mìm K͆°Ç =KÇ°.ó
J P"³° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „¬îiëQê HË•°HË=KÇ°ó. J D ~ËA ~ŒãuH÷ H˪•ë l…ìÁ…Õ =~¡ÂO „¬_È=KÇ°ó.

D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° XH› „¬xx K͆Çò J=Hê‰×=ò
(Possibility) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"May + I form of the Verb" =KÇ°ó#°.

öH=•O XH› „¬xx K͆Çò J=Hê‰×=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@ (doubtful).


* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° "May + I form" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô
office H÷ late Qê ~Œ=KÇ°ó. 6. P"³° |‚¬•‰§ D proposal X„¬CHË=KÇ°ó.
I may come to office late tomorrow.
She may accept to this proposal.
2. "Í°=ò |‚¬•‰§ D \º<£…Õ<Í settle 7. D ª•i |‚¬•‰§ Congress öHOã^ÎO…Õ
Hê=KÇ°ó. ã „ ¬ ƒ •’ ° `Ç Þ O U~Œæ@° KÍ † Ç ° =KÇ ° ó .
We may settle down in this town. The Congress may form the govt. at
centre this time.
3. =¶ brother Dª•i teacher post
8. "Œ~¡ ° |‚¬ • ‰§ D "Œ~¡ O …Õ orders
‡ÚO^Î=KÇ°ó.
My brother may get the teacher post JO^ΰHË=KÇ°ó.
this time. They may receive the orders this

4. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ =°#䛽 JH›ø_È =‹¬u week.

H›eæOKÇ=KÇ°ó. 9. P"³° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „¬îiëQê HË•°HË=KÇ°ó.


They may provide us accommodation She may recover completely soon.
there. 10. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ· "Œ~ò^¥
5. D ~ËA G.T. Express late Qê ~Œ=KÇ°ó. "͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
The G.T. Express may arrive late They may postpone the meeting
today. tomorrow.
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EXERCISE
11. <Í#° |‚¬•‰§ =KÍó Pk"Œ~¡O K³<ßá³ "³ˆ¤×=KÇ°ó.
I may go to Chennai next Sunday. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ ~ö „¬ôª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ q[†Ç°"Œ_È
KÍ~¡°HË=KÇ°ó. 1. <Í#° |‚¬•‰§ Dª•i „¬sH›Æ second class
They may reach Vijayawada tomorrow …Õ pass Hê=KÇ°ó.
evening.
2. "Í°=ò |‚¬•‰§ D ~ËA D „¬x „¬îië
13. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 Ì‹•=ô ㄬH›\÷OKÇ=KÇ°ó.
They may declare a holiday for us
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
tomorrow. 3. =¶ father D "Œ~¡ O <Œä› ½ money
14. |‚¬•‰§ ~ö „¬ô, =°~¡°<Œ_È° H˪•ë l…ìÁ•…Õ „¬O„¬=KÇ°ó.
=~¡ÂO„¬_È=KÇ°ó. 4. P"³° K³<³áß…Õ =KÍó "Œ~¡O heart specialist
It may rain in the coastal districts x consult Hê=KÇ°ó.
tomorrow and day after tomorrow. 5. ö~„¬ô match …Õ |‚¬•‰§ ~Œ‚¬ì…˜ ã^¥q_£
15. "Œ~¡ ° D „¬ x H÷ ‹¬ ° =¶~¡ ° 4000~¡ ¶ . team x lead K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
demand K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó. 6. D ª•i 䛕_¨ T.D.P. öHOã^ÎO…Õ B.J.P. H÷
They may demand Rs. 4000 for this =°^Îí`Ç° W=Þ=KÇ°ó.
work.
7. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ `Ç=° x~¡† â °Ç O „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ KÇ=KÇ°ó.
16. N "³OH›†°Ç ¼<Œ†Çò_È° =°~¡• ‡•s“ „
Ìã ‹²_O³ \˜
8. ö ~ „¬ ô _•ã w q^¥¼~¡ ° Ö • ° HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° •°
J==KÇ°ó.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu may become party
|‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ=KÇ°ó.
President again. 9. |‚¬ • ‰§ Indian team =KÍ ó PQ® ‹ ¬ ° “ … Õ
17. Degree `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç =¶ brother |‚¬•‰§ job WOQêÁO_£ „¬~¡¼\÷OKÇ=KÇ°ó.
H÷ try K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó. 10. Ex†Ç°~Ÿ _¨H›“~¡°Á WOHùH› "Œ~¡O strike
My brother may try for a job after his Hù#ª•yOKÇ=KÇ°.ó
Degree. 11. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „ ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO †Çò=䛽• HË‹¬O XH›
18. =¶ cousin =KÍó _•Ì‹O|~Ÿ…Õ USA „¬^ŠÎH›O ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“=KÇ°ó.
"³ˆ×¤=KÇ°ó. 12. XH›\÷ ï~O_È° <³••…Õ P†Ç°# L^˼QêxH÷
My cousin may leave for the USA next ~Œr<Œ=¶ K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
December.
19. J`Ç _ È ° g°ä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ help
13. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ WO_•†Ç¶ä›½ uiy ~Œ=KÇ°.ó
14. |‚¬ • ‰§ "Œ~¡ ° P‹¬ Ö • O…Õ `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ XH›
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó.
shopping complex xiàOKÇ=KÇ°ó.
He may help you in this matter.
20. "Œ~¡ ° |‚¬ • ‰§ J`Ç x x clerk Qê 15. =¶ brother `Ç# vizag tour cancel
x†Ç°q°OKÇ=KÇ°ó. KÍ‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó.
They may appoint him a clerk.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx K͆ǰH› ‡é=KÇ°ó#x (doubtful) Qê T‚²ìOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J P"³° D ª•i „¦O¬ H›<Æ ä£ ½› =°#•#° invite K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó. J <Í#° ö~„¬ô P„¦Ô‹¬°ä›½ "³ˆ×ÁH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
J "Í°<Í[~Ÿ h䛽 permission W=ÞH›‡é=KÇ°ó. J "Œ~¡° D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ =°#䛽 ‹¬‚ì¬ H›iOKÇH› ‡é=KÇ°.ó

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç H›‡é=KÇ°ó#x
T‚²ìOz K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç H›‡é=KÇ°#ó x doubt
Qê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
''''May + not + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ''''May + not + I form of the verbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô Hê…èlH÷ ~ŒH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 6. "Œ~¡° D town …Õ settle HêH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
I may not come to college tomorrow. They may not settle down in this town.
2. "Í ° =ò next week programme …Õ 7, N "³OH›†°Ç ¼<Œ†Çò_È° Dª•i ZxßH•› …Õ
‡•…ç¾#H›‡é=KÇ°.ó ‡é\© K͆ǰ‡é=KÇ°ó.
We may not participate in the Sri Venkaiah Naidu may not contest
programme next week. in the elections this time.
3. English lecturer ö ~ „¬ ô =°#ä› ½ HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° 8. "Í°<Í[~¡° ö~„¬ô h䛽 leave grant K͆ǰH›
f‹¬°Hù#H›‡é=KÇ°ó. ‡é=KÇ°ó.
The English lecturer may not take our The Manager may not grant you a
class tomorrow. leave tomorrow.
4. =¶ cousin D ª•i `Ç # birthday 9. =¶ uncle D proposal X„¬CHËH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
celebrate KÍ‹¬°HËH›‡é=KÇ°ó. My uncle may not accept to this
My cousin may not celebrate her birth proposal.
day this time. 10. =¶ sister D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies continue
5. D train time H÷ q[†Ç°"Œ_È KÍ~H¡ ‡› é=KÇ°ó. K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
This train may not reach Vijayawada My sister may not continue her studies
in time. this year.
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11. ö~„¬ô =¶¼KŸ…Õ ‹¬z<£ P_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. EXERCISE


Sachin may not play in the match D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
tomorrow.
12. "Œ~¡° D ª•i tour x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
They may not organize the tour this 1. <Í#° D ª•i exam ‡•‹¹HêH›‡é=KÇ°.ó
time.
13. J`Ç _ È ° g°ä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ 2. "Í°=ò ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È work K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 3. =¶ brother next year college join
He may not co-operate with you in this HêH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
matter.
4. P"³° ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È䛽 ~ŒH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
14. N.G.O.s~ö „¬ô |‚¬•‰§ q^•Î°•ä›½ ‚¬ð[~¡°
HêH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 5. "Œ~¡ ° =°#•#° JH› ø _È receive
The N.G.O.s may not attend the duty KÍ‹¬°HËH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
tomorrow.
6. ö~„¬ô buses #_È=H›‡é=KÇ°ó.
15. "Œ~¡ ° D ª•i „¬ O _È ° Q® ä › ½ Ì ‹ •=ô•°
ㄬH›\÷OKÇH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 7. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 D q+¬†Ç°=ò inform
They may not declare holidays for the K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
festival this time.
8. J`Ç _ È ° hä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ help
16. P"³° D ª•i function 䛽 =°#•#° invite K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
She may not invite us to the function 9. D ~ËA =~¡ÂO „¬_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
this time. 10. =¶ sister Dª•i „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ ‚¬ð[~¡°
17. "Œ~¡° ~ö „¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ D q+¬†°Ç O discuss HêH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
They may not discuss this matter in 11. J`Ç_È° D job H÷ try K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
the meeting tomorrow. 12. J`Ç_È° =°~¡• =°#•#° H›•°=H›‡é=KÇ°ó.
18. N H›~¡°}ìxk• WH› g°^Î@ politics …Õ 13. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O \©K~Ç Ÿ ‡é‹¬°•“ ° ƒ•’së
active Qê participate K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
Sri Karunanidhi may not participate
K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
in politics actively hereafter. 14. †Çüx=i•\© D ª•i entrance test
19. P"³° WH› P "Œ¼k• #°O_• HË•°HËH›‡é=KÇ°.ó x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
She may not recover from that
15. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô shops open K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
disease.
20. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
They may not stay here tomorrow. Z
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QUESTION FORM

ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH› „¬xx K͆ò


Ç @䛽 J#°=°ux (permission) Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° WH› WO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤=KÇ°ó<Œ ? J "Í°=ò D HË~¡°• K͆°Ç =KÇ°<ó Œ ?
J <Í#° W„¬C_È° J`Çxx H›•°= =KÇ°ó<Œ ? J <Í#° ö~„¬ô g°`Ë JH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆ò
Ç @䛽 J#°=°ux
HË~¡°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH› „¬xx K͆òÇ @䛽 J#°=°u (permission)
‡ÚO^ΰ@#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"May + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject – Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'May + I form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° D HË~¡°• join J==KÇ°ó<Œ? 6. "Í ° =ò ä› • _¨ ö ~ „¬ ô g°`Ë picnic ä› ½
May I join this course ? ~Œ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May we come on picnic with you
2. <Í # ° g° WO\ÕÁ ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA•° stay
tomorrow ?
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May I stay two days in your house ? 7. h À„~¡°, Jã_È‹¬° `³•°‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May I know your name and address ?
3. =°#=ò ä› • _¨ ö ~ „¬ ô seminar …Õ
‡•…ç¾#=KÇ°<
ó Œ? 8. "Í ° =ò D ~ËA g° vehicle use
May we participate in the seminar KÍ‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
tomorrow ? May we use your vehicle today ?

4. <Í # ° W„¬ C _È ° g° #°O_• Ì ‹ •=ô 9. <Í#° D …ÿ@~Ÿ KÇ^ΰ= =KÇ°ó<Œ ?


f‹¬°Hù#=KÇ°ó<Œ ? May I read this letter ?
May I take leave from you now ?
10. =°#=ò ö ~ „¬ ô "ŒiH÷ =°# opinion
5. "Í°=ò 䛕_¨ D H›Áƒ˜…Õ membership K³„¬æ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
‡ÚO^Î=KÇ°ó<Œ ? May we express our opinion to them
May we get membership in this club ? tomorrow?

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11. <Í#° …ÕxH÷ ~Œ=KÇ°ó<Œ ? EXERCISE


May I come in ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. =°#=ò D ƒì¼OH± … Õ loan H÷ apply
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May we apply for a loan in this bank ?
1. <Í#° XH› Q®O@ rest f‹¬°HË=KŒó ?
2. =°#=ò Manager chamber …ÕxH÷
13. <Í#° J`Ç_È° P•‹¬¼OQê ~Œ=\ìxH÷ reason "³ˆ×¤=KŒó ?
`³•°‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ? 3. <Í # ° D document Ì „ á ‹¬ O `Ç H › O
May I know the reason for his late
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
coming ?
4. "Í°=ò D Ì‹•=ô•#° qx†³¶yOKÇ°
14. "Í°=ò manager Qêi`Ë =¶\ìÁ_=
È KÇ°ó<Œ? Hù#=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May we speak to the Manager ? 5. <Í#° D HË~¡°• K͆°Ç =KÇ°<ó Œ?
15. <Í#° non-veg food f‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ? 6. =°#=ò admission q=~¡ = ò•°
May I take non-veg food ?
`³•°‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
7. <Í#° loan H÷ apply K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
16. =°#=ò 5 pm `Ç ~ ¡ ° "Œ`Ç WO\÷ H ÷ 8. "Í°=ò P temple visit K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
"³ˆ×¤=KÇ°ó<Œ?
9. <Í # ° D album …Õ photographs
May we go home after 5 p.m. ?
KǶ_È=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
17. <Í#° h ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=KÇ°ó<Œ ? 10. =°#=ò ä› • _¨ quiz competition …Õ
May I seek your help ? ‡•…ç¾#=KÇ°< ó Œ?
18. "Í ° =ò WH› ø _È HùOK³ O À ‹ „¬ ô rest
11. <Í # ° D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ interefere
f‹¬°HË=KÇ°ó<Œ ? Hê=KÇ°ó<Œ?
May we take rest here for a while ? 12. "Í°=ò D compartment …Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}O
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
19. <Í # ° D ~ËA Ì ‹ •=ôä› ½ apply
13. <Í#° D item taste K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ?
14. =°#=ò JH› ø _•H÷ U time …Õ<³ á < Œ
May I apply for leave today ?
"³ˆ×Á=KÇ°ó<Œ ?
20. "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° Principal #° consult 15. <Í#° 䛕_¨ report submit K͆ǰ=KÇ°ó<Œ?
J==KÇ°ó<Œ ?
May we consult the Principal now ? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'May' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'May' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› „¬xx K͆òÇ J=Hê‰×=ò#° Q®°iOz (Possibility) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"May + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°. nxx Doubtful Future JO\ì~¡°.
Ex :
1. I may go to Hyderabad next week.
2. We may win the match tomorrow.
3. He may get the post this time.
4. They may receive the orders soon.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH›„¬xx K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó#x (Doubtful)
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "May not + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. He may not help in this matter.
2. She may not continue her studies next year.
3. They may not come here tomorrow.
4. You may not get the opportunity this time.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› „¬xx K͆ò
Ç @䛽 XH›~°¡ WOHùH›i J#°=°ux (Permission) ‡ÚO^ΰ@
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "May + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. May I read this letter?
2. May we go home now?
3. May I speak to the Manager?
4. May we stay here tonight?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

421. peel peeled peeled `Ë•° =•KÇ°@


422. peep peeped peeped `ùOyKǶKÇ°@
423. perform performed performed x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
424. permit permitted permitted J#°=°uOKÇ°@
425. perturb perturbed perturbed KÇeO„¬ K͆Çò@
426. pick picked picked f‹¬°Hù#°, Z#°ßH›ù#°
427. play played played P_È°@
428. please pleased pleased W+¬“„¬_È°, ^ΆǰK͆Çò@
429. polish polished polished "³°~¡°Q®°, #°#°„¬ôK͆Çò
430. possess possessed possessed H›ey†ÇòO_È°
431. postpone postponed postponed "Œ~ò^¥"͆Çò@
432. pour poured poured ã‡é†Çò@
433. praise praised praised ‡ÚQ®_È°@
434. pray prayed prayed ‡ã •iÖOKÇ°@
435. preach preached preached L„¬^ÍtOKÇ°@
436. predict predicted predicted *Õ‹¬¼=ò K³„¬C@
437. prefer prefered prefered ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç WKÇ°@ ó
438. prepare prepared prepared `džǶ~¡° K͆Çò@
439. prescribe prescribed prescribed =òO^ΰQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@
440. preside presided presided J^•Î¼H›`Æ Ç =‚²ìOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
214 What does the moon care if the dogs bark at her.
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CAN
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò (ability) #° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J "Í°=ò D ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° ‹¬•ƒ•’=òQê „¬i+¬øiOKÇ Q®•=ò.
J <Í#° ~ËA䛽 „¬k Q®O@•° „¬xK͆ǰQ®•#°.
J "Œ~¡° Dª•i "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ =°Oz profits ‡ÚO^ÎQ•® ~¡°.
J =¶ brother English ƒìQê =¶\ìÁ_ÈQ®•_È°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õx „¬#°•x߆ü Ç ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx
K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò (ability) #° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò#°
(ability) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
''''Can + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'CanÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° WOwÁ+¬µ fluent Qê =¶\ìÁ_ÈQ®•#°. 6. N =°<Ëà‚¬ì<£‹²OQ· Hêjà~¡° ‹¬=°‹¬¼#°
I can speak English fluently. „¬i+¬øiOKÇQ®•~¡°.
2. "Í ° =ò Jxß subjects ï ~ O_È ° <³ • •…Õ Sri Manmohan Singh can solve the
prepare HêQ®•=ò. Kashmir problem.
We can prepare all the subjects within 7. <Í#° D „
ã ‰¬ ßוxßO\÷H÷ answer K͆°Ç Q®•#°.
two months. I can answer all these questions.
3. <Í#° h ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° J~¡ÖOKÍ‹¬°HËQ®•#°. 8. "Í°=ò D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ J`Çxx convince
I can understand your problem. K͆ǰQ®•=ò.
4. Oral practice ^¥Þ~Œ g°~¡ ° English We can convince him in this matter.
improve KÍ‹¬°HËQ®•~¡°. 9. P"³° U q+¬†°Ç OÌ„<
á <
á³ Œ argue K͆°Ç Q®•^ΰ.
You can improve English through oral She can argue on any matter.
practice. 10. "Œ~¡ ° D work <Œ•°Q® ° ~ËA•…Õ
5. ‹¬z<£ >ÿO_ȶ•ø~Ÿ ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ U ƒº•~Ÿ „¬îiëK͆ǰ Q®•~¡°.
<³á<Œ Z^ΰ~ùø#Q®•_È°. They can complete this work in four
Sachin Tendulkar can face any bowler days.
in the world.
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11. =¶ q^¥¼~¡°•Ö ° D ª•i 90% =¶~¡°ø•° EXERCISE


score K͆ǰQ®•~¡°.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Our students can score 90% of marks
this time.
12. =¶ mother U item S<Œ KŒ…ì ƒìQê 1. <Í # ° xq°‘•xH÷ 60 „¬ ^ ¥•° type
prepare K͆ǰQ®•^ΰ. K͆ǰQ®•#°.
My mother can prepare any item very 2. "Í°=ò WH›ø_È h䛽 help K͆ǰQ®•=ò.
well.
3. h=ô D „¬sH›Æ easy Qê ‡•‹¹ HêQ®•=ô.
13. J`Ç_°È ~ËAH÷ ~¡¶. 200 ‹¬O‡•kOKÇQ•® _È°.
He can earn Rs. 200 per day.
4. J`Ç_È° <Œ•°Q®° ƒ•ì+¬•° ^•¥~Œˆ×OQê
=¶\ìÁ_ÈQ®•_È°.
14. "Í°=ò ~ËAH÷ 20 Hù`Ç„
ë ^
¬ ¥•° <Í~°¡ óHËQ®•=ò.
We can learn twenty new words every
5. =°#=ò train …Õ u~¡°„¬uH÷ S^ΰQ®O@•…Õ
day. KÍ~¡°HËQ®•=ò.
15. "Œ~¡° business …Õ ~¡¶. 5,00,000 =~¡ä›½ 6. <Í#° h䛽 D amount <Œ•°Q®° ~ËA•…Õ
invest K͆ǰQ®•~¡°. uiy K³eÁOKÇQ®•#°.
They can invest upto Rs. 5,00,000 in 7. S.P. U ƒ•ì+¬…Õ<³<á Œ ‡•@•° ‡•_ÈQ•® _È°.
the business.
8. <Í # ° "ŒiH÷ D q+¬ † Ç ° O explain
16. <Í#° „².l q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½ 䛕_¨ English
K͆ǰQ®•#°.
teach K͆ǰQ®•#°.
I can teach English even to the P.G. 9. "Í°=ò h䛽 D ~ËA ~¡¶. 10,000 adjust
students. K͆ǰQ®•=ò.
17. =°<Ë^•³~á ¼¡ O`Ë =°#O U^³<á Œ ª•k•OKÇQ•® O. 10. <Œ•°Q®° <³••…Õ g°~¡° „¬îië English
We can achieve anything with our will <Í~¡°óHù#Q®•~¡°.
power. 11. P\Õ…Õ "³ˆÃ× .¤ H›$‘•â express JO^ΰHËQ®•=ô.
18. Hard work `Ë <Í#° <Œ •HÆê¼xß KÍ~¡Q®•#°.
12. ï~O_È° ~ËA•…Õ "Í°=ò D cards Jhß
I can reach my goal through hard work.
distribute K͆ǰQ®•=ò.
19. <Í#° U „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •<³<
á Œ ^•³~á ¼¡ OQê Z^ΰ~Ëø
Q®•#°. 13. "Œ~¡ ° D season …Õ =°Oz profits
I can face any circumstances ‡ÚO^ÎQ®•~¡°.
courageously. 14. <Í#° 24 Q®O@•¶ „¬xK͆ǰQ®•#°.
20. P~¡° <³••…Õ "Œ~¡° D building xiàOKÇ 15. D tournments …Õ =°# Indian team
Q®•~¡°. easy Qê cup ïQ•=Q®•^ΰ.
They can build this building in six
months Z
Character is destiny. 216
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NEGATIVE FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›iH÷ XH› „¬x K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò (ability) …èH›‡é=ô@ Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô g°`Ë village H÷ ~Œ…è#°. J "Í°=ò WH› D old house …Õ x=tOKÇ…=è ò.
J P†Ç°# =°#䛽 ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ…è_È°. J P ‡•s“ Dª•i„ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß U~Œæ@° K͆°Ç …è^°Î .

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç …èH‡› é=ô@ Q®°iOz
K³„¬CKÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH›„x¬ x K͆òÇ ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò (lack
of ability) …èH›‡é=ô@ Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Cannot + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶


"Cannot + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° English fluent Qê =¶\ìÁ_È…è#°. 7. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç #+¬O“ ƒ•’iOKÇ…~è °¡ .
I cannot speak English fluently. They cannot bear this much loss.

2. "Í°=ò D problem face K͆ǰ…è=ò. 8. =°#O P‚¬ð~¡O …è䛽O_¨ rqOKÇ…è=ò.


We cannot face this problem. We cannot live without food.

3. =°#=ò J`Çx`Ë "ŒkOKÇ…è=ò. 9. h=ô English medium …Õ lessons follow


We cannot argue with him. Hê…è=ô.
4. J`Ç_È° D „¬sH›Æ easy Qê ‡•‹¹ Hê…è_°È . You cannot follow the lessons in

He cannot pass this examination English medium.

easily. 10. g°~¡° ##°ß "³¶‹¬yOKÇ…è~¡°.


5. P"³° |‹¹…Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}÷OKÇ…è^ΰ. You cannot deceive me.

She cannot travel by bus. 11. <Í#° ~ËAH÷ 10 Q®OII•H›O>è Z䛽ø= work
6. <Í#° D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ h䛽 ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ…è#°.
K͆ǰ…è#°. I cannot work more than ten hours in

I cannot help you in this matter. a day.

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12. =°#=ò D ‹² \ © … Õ J`Ç x address EXERCISE


H›#°Qù#…è=ò. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We cannot find his address in this city.

13. HËzOQ· …è䛽O_¨ h=ô D test …Õ rank


1. <Í#° D ª•i „¬sH›…Æ Õ 90% H›O>è Z䛽ø=
‡ÚO^Î…è=ô. =¶~¡°ø•° score K͆ǰ…è#°.
You cannot get rank in this test without
2. "Í°=ò D z#߂𬠕°…Õ function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á
coaching.
K͆ǰ…è=ò.
14. <Í#° J‹¬•° J==¶#O ƒ•’iOKÇ…#
è °. 3. g°~¡ ° =¶ help …è ä › ½ O_¨ D work
I cannot bear insult at all. complete K͆ǰ…è~¡°.

15. =°#=ò J`Ç x x D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ 4. =¶ grandfather JO`Ç^ζ~¡O #_È=…è~¡°.


X„²æOKÇ…è=ò. 5. ~Œ‚¬ • …˜ ã ^ ¥q_£ fast Qê runs score
We cannot convince him in this matter. K͆ǰ…è_È°.
6. q.q.†Ç°‹¹. •H›Æà}Ÿ ƒºeOQ· K͆ǰ…è_È°.
16. P†Ç°# _•ãw q^¥¼~¡°•Ö 䛽 Mathematics
7. =¶ Maths lecturer doubts clarify
teach K͆ǰ…è_È°.
K͆ǰ…è_È°.
He cannot teach Mathematics to the
Degree students. 8. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô J`Ç x H÷ amount adjust
K͆ǰ…è#°.
17. "Œ~¡ ° D „¬ x ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA•…Õ „¬ î ië 9. Hardwork …è ä › ½ O_¨ =°#=ò life …Õ
K͆ǰ…è~¡°. success Hê…è=ò.
They cannot complete this work in two
10. P"³° XO@iQê P WO\ÕÁ LO_È…è^ΰ.
days.
11. "Œ~¡ ° Dª•i business …Õ profits
18. <Í#° D ~ËA duty H÷ attend Hê…è#°. ‡ÚO^Î…è~¡°.
I cannot attend the duty today. 12. \÷._•.„.² support …è䛽O_¨ a.*ÿ.„²². ~ŒRO…Õ
‹Ô@°Á ïQ•°=…è^ΰ.
19. D question <Í#° answer K͆ǰ…è#°.
I cannot answer this question. 13. D z#ß WO\ÕÁ =°#=ò x=tOKÇ…è=ò.
14. Highway g°^Î J`Ç_°È car drive K͆°Ç …è_°È .
20. `Çe^
Á OÎ _
ã °È • ‡ã é`Œ•‚¬ìO …èä½› O_¨ rq`ÇO…Õ 15. <Í#° h =¶@ #=°à…è#°.
„²•Á•° Ì„áH÷ ~Œ…è~¡°.
Children cannot come up in life without
thier parents' encouragement. Z
A little learning is a dangerous thing. 218
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (ability) ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° D problem #° ^•³~á ¼¡ OQê face K͆°Ç Q®•~Œ? J h=ô ~ËAH÷ „¬k Q®O@•° „¬xK͆°Ç Q®•"Œ?
J J`Ç_È° U vehicle J~ò<Œ drive K͆ǰQ®•_¨?• J P"³° U q+¬†Ç°=òÌ„á<³á<Œ argue K͆°Ç Q®•^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò
#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò
(ability) #° ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Can+ I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject – Singular, Plural U^³á##° "Can + I form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. D competition …Õ <Í # ° prize 6. g° lecturers D <³•…Õ g° syllabus „¬îië
ïQ•°=Q®•<Œ ? K͆ǰQ®•~Œ ?
Can I win a prize in this competition ? Can your lecturers complete your
2. =°#=ò D <³• target reach J=Q®•=¶? syllabus this month ?
Can we reach the target this month ? 7. N KÇO^ã ƒ
Î ì|° =°~¡• „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ŒÞxß U~Œæ@°
3. g°~¡° =¶ä›½ English Grammar teach
K͆ǰQ®•~Œ ?
Can Sri Chandra Babu form the
K͆ǰQ®•"Œ ?
government again ?
Can you teach us English Grammar ?
8. g°~¡° D ª•ï~<á Œ succeed J=Q®•~Œ ?
4. g° brother D attempt …Õ Group-I Can you succeed atleast this time ?
Officer J=Q®•_¨ ? 9. 2007…Õ =°# Indian players =°#䛽
Can your brother become a Group-I World Cup f‹¬°ä›½~ŒQ®•~Œ ?
Offier in this attempt ? Can the Indian players bring the World
5. g° sister pictures ƒìQê paint Cup in 2007 ?
K͆ǰQ®•^¥? 10. h=ô D box #° Ì„áH÷ lift K͆ǰQ®•"Œ ?
Can your sister paint the pictures well? Can you lift this box ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô Zxß languages =¶\ìÁ_ÈQ®•=ô ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Howmany languages can you speak?
12. h=ô D ª•i English …Õ Zxß marks
score K͆ǰQ®•=ô ? 1. h=ô <Œä›½ D doubt clarify K͆ǰQ®•"Œ?
Howmany marks can you score in 2. =°#O <³ • ~ËA•…Õ Jxß subjects
English this time ? prepare J=Q®•=¶ ?
13. <Œ ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° Z=~¡° J~¡ÖO KÍ‹¬°HËQ®•~¡°?
Who can understand my problem ?
3. g° brother D ª•i EAMCET …Õ rank
14. D Ì„^Îí city …Õ =°#=ò J`Çxx ZH›ø_È ‡ÚO^ÎQ®•_¨ ?
"³^ÎH› Q®•=ò ? 4. g° younger brother business
Where can we search for him in this KǶ‹¬°HËQ®•_¨ ?
big city ? 5. <Œ „ã ‰¬ ß×ä½› h=ô ‹¬=¶^•¥#O K³„æ¬Q•® "Œ ?
15. g° brother <³ • ä› ½ ZO`Ç money 6. h=ô D letter =¶ brother 䛽 JO^Î*è†Ç°
‹¬O‡•kOKÇQ•® _È° ?
Q®•"Œ ?
Howmuch money can your brother
earn in a month ? 7. g° sister English fluent Qê
16. h=ô xq°‘•xH÷ Zxß words type =¶\ìÁ_ÈQ®•^¥?
K͆ǰQ®•=ô ? 8. P"³° XH›ø`Í JO^Î~¡° guests •#° treat
Howmany words can you type in a K͆ǰQ®•^¥ ?
minute ?
9. g°~¡° WO`Ç #+¬O“ ƒ•’iOKÇQ•® ~Œ ?
17. =°#=ò ZxßH›• „¦¬e`Œ•° =òO^ΰQê Z…ì
guess K͆ǰQ®•=ò ?
10. J`Ç _ È ° D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ =°#ä› ½ help
How can we guess the election results K͆ǰQ®•_¨ ?
earlier ? 11. P†Ç°# U subject ƒìQê teach K͆ǰ
18. D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ =°#O W„¬ C _È ° UO Q®•~¡°?
K͆ǰQ®•=ò ? 12. =°#=ò D „¬ô‹¬Hë O› ZH›ø_È ‡ÚO^ÎQ•® =ò?
What can we do in this matter now ?
13. D ‹¬=°‹¬¼ #°O_• x#°ß Z=~¡° Hꇕ_È
19. P ‹¬O‹¬Ö#° WH› #°Oz Z=~¡° maintain
Q®•~¡°?
K͆ǰQ®•~¡°?
Who can maintain that firm hereafter? 14. D structure Ì„á h=ô Zxß sentences
20. =°#=ò W„¬C_È° D „ ã =
¬ ¶^ÎO #°O_• Z…ì frame K͆ǰQ®•=ô ?
`Ç„²æOKÇ°HËQ®•=ò ? 15. g° brothers co-operation …è䛽O_¨ h=ô
How can we escape from this danger D ‹¬O‹¬Ö#° Z…ì maintain K͆ǰQ®•=ô ?
now ?
Z
Where love is, there God is. 220
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›~¡° K͆ǰ…èH›‡é=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô D questions answer K͆ǰ…è"Œ? J g°~¡° D test pass Hê…è~Œ ?
J J`Ç_È° maths teach K͆ǰ…è_¨? J "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 =‹¬u H›eæOKÇ…è~Œ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬`°Ç …ë Õ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é=ô (XH› „¬xx
K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH‡› é=ô@) XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Cann't + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Cann't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô English fluent Qê =¶\ìÁ_È…è"Œ? 6. "Œ~¡° D problem solve K͆ǰ…è~Œ?
Cann't you speak English fluently? Cann't they solve this problem?

2. g°~¡ ° <Œä› ½ D~ËA money adjust 7. h=ô J`Çx`Ë ‡é\©„¬_È…è"Œ?


K͆ǰ…è~Œ? Cann't you compete with him?
Cann't you adjust me money today?
8. g°~¡° D~ËA D work finish K͆ǰ…è~Œ?
3. h=ô D car drive KÍ † Ç ° …è " Œ? Cann't you finish this work today?
Cann't you drive this car?
9. h=ô spectacles …è䛽O_¨ KǶ_È…è"Œ?
4. J`Ç _ È ° =°#ä› ½ D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ help Cann't you see without spectacles?
K͆ǰ…è_¨?
10. P"³° WH› D "Œ¼k• #°O_• HË•°HË…è^¥?
Cann't he help us in this matter?
Cann't she recover from this disease?
5. P"³ ° WH› ø _È XO@iQê LO_È … è ^ ¥?
11. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô match ïQ•°=…è~Œ?
Cann't she stay here alone?
Cann't they win the match?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

12. <Í<³O^ΰ䛽 job ‡ÚO^Î…è#°? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why cann't I get a job?
13. =°#"³°O^ΰ䛽 match ïQ•°=…è=ò? 1. h=ô D work D ~ËA „¬îië K͆ǰ…è"Œ?
Why cann't we win the match? 2. g°~¡° D problem face K͆ǰ…è~Œ?
14. h=ô rank ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡ÚO^Î…è=ô? 3. J`Ç_°È Dª•i prize ïQ•°=…è_¨?
Why cann't you secure a rank?
4. P"³° bus …Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}O K͆ǰ…è^¥?
15. J`Ç_³O^ΰ䛽 #_È°=…è_È°?
Why cann't he walk? 5. "Œ~¡° WO`Ç rent bear K͆ǰ…è~Œ?
16. P"³° ZO^ΰ䛽 =¶\ìÁ_È…è^ΰ? 6. =°#=ò D subject <³• ~ËA•…Õ prepare
Why cann't she speak? Hê…è=¶?
17. "Œï~O^ΰ䛽 „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO U~Œæ@°K͆°Ç …è~°¡ ? 7. g°~¡° D case ïQ•°=…è~Œ?
Why cann't they form the government? 8. P†Ç°# Dª•i `Ç# „ã u ¬ ƒ•’ KǶ„¬…_ è ¨?
18. h=ô J`Çxx ZO^ΰ䛽 X„²æOKÇ…è=ô? 9. Ganguly =°~¡ • team …Õ ª•Ö # =ò
Why cann't you convince him?
‡ÚO^Î…è_¨?
19. h"³O^ΰ䛽 „¬i‘•ø~¡O H›#°Qù#…è=ô?
Why cann't you find the solution?
10. India =KÍó World Cup ZO^ΰ䛽 Qï •°=…è^°Î ?
20. =°#"³°O^ΰ䛽 H›‘•“•° Jk•H›q°OKÇ…=
è ò? 11. g°~¡° J`Çx`Ë ZO^ΰ䛽 argue K͆ǰ…è~¡°?
Why cann't we overcome difficulties? 12. P"³° ZO^ΰ䛽 "Œix X„²æOKÇ…è^ΰ?
21. h=ô D „¬sH›Æ ZO^ΰ䛽 pass Hê…è=ô? 13. J`Ç_È° money ZO^ΰ䛽 ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ…_ è °È ?
Why cann't you pass this test?
14. "Œ~¡° syllabus in time …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬îië
22. <Í#°lessons ZO^ΰ䛽 follow Hê…è#° ? K͆ǰ…è~¡°?
Why cann't I follow the lessons ?
15. h"³O^ΰ䛽 early morning xã^Î…è=…è=ô?
23. =°#"³°O^ΰ䛽 success Hê…è=ò ?
Why cann't we succeed ? 16. <Í#° D test ZO^ΰ䛽 pass Hê…è#° ?
24. h"³O^ΰ䛽 ^•Î#=O`Ç°_•q Hê…è=ô ? 17. =°#=ò •H›Æ ¼O ZO^ΰ䛽 ª•k•OKÇ…=è ò?
Why cann't you become a richman ?
18. g°ï~O^ΰ䛽 loan clear K͆ǰ…è~¡° ?
25. g°ï~O^ΰ䛽 "Œix ZkiOKÇ…è~¡° ?
Why cann't you oppose them ?
19. J`Ç_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 HË•°HË…è_È° ?
26. "Œï~O^ΰ䛽 D problem solve K͆ǰ…è~¡°? 20. "Œï~O^ΰ䛽 „¬O^³O ïQ•°=…è~¡° ?
Why cann't they solve this problem ?
Z
Set your sail according to the wind. 222
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Can' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Can' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#°
4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (capacity)
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Can + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I can speak English fluently. 2. We can solve this problem easily.
3. He can do any work. 4. They can win the match today.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç …èH› ‡é=ô@#° (ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò
…èH›‡é=ô@) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Cann't + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I cann't understand Hindi. 2. We cann't face this problem.
3. He cann't get rank this time. 4. They cann't do anything.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (capacity)
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Can + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Can he lead the team towards success?
2. Can you guess the result?
3. Can we achieve our target?
4. Can they clear the loan this month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz (ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#°
…èH›‡é=ô@ Q®°iOz) negative sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Cann't + I form of the verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Cann't you complete the course this month?
2. Cann't you provide us some work?
3. Cann't he clear this loan ?
4. Cann't they make arrangements?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

441. press pressed pressed J}KÇ°@, J^ΰ=ò@


442. presume presumed presumed T‚²ìOKÇ°@
443. pretend pretended pretended #\÷OKÇ°@
444. prevent prevented prevented J_È°ÛHù#°@
445. print printed printed JKÇ°ó"͆Çò@
446. prove proved proved |°°A=ô KÍ‹¬°Hù#°@
447. proceed proceeded proceeded =òO^ΰ䛽‡é=ô@
448. proclaim proclaimed proclaimed ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°@
449. produce produced produced L`ÇæuëK͆Çò@
450. prohibit prohibitted prohibitted xÀ+k•OKÇ°@
451. prolong prolonged prolonged ‡Ú_•yOKÇ°@
452. promote promoted promoted L#ß`Ç„¬^Îqx WKÇ°ó
453. pronounce pronounced pronounced LKÇ•ó iOKÇ°@
454. propagate propagated propagated ㄬKŒ~¡O K͆Çò@
455. propose proposed proposed „
ã u¬ ‡•kOKÇ°@
456. prorogue prorogued prorogued `Œ`ŒøeH›=òQê "Œ~ò^¥ "͆Çò@
457. protect protected protected Hꇕ_È°@, ~¡HOÆ÷ KÇ°@
458. provide provided provided WKÇ°ó, H›eæOKÇ°
459. provoke provoked provoked HË„¬=ò „¬ô\÷“OKÇ°@
460. publish published published ㄬKǰiOKǰ@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
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SHOULD
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
=°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =•‹²# qk• (duty) …èH› ƒì^•Î¼`Ç•#° (responsibility)
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô election duty H÷ attend J"Œe. J "Í°=ò D<³• WO\÷„¬#°ß K³eÁOKŒe.
J =°#=ò life …Õ XH› aim H›ey†ÇòO_¨e. J \©K~Ç •Ÿ Hùxß principles ‡•\÷OKŒe.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õ ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx
K͆°Ç =•‹²# qk• (duty) …èH› ƒì^•Î¼`Ç•#° (responsibility) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =•‹²# qk•
(duty) …èH› ƒì^•Î¼`Ç (responsibility) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
''''Should + I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'shouldÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ㄬu~ËA 10 a.m. H÷ duty H÷ attend 5. L^˼Q®‹°¬ •ë ° ~ËAH÷ 8 Q®O@•° „¬xK͆¶
Ç e.
J"Œe. Employees should work eight hours
I should attend the duty at 10 a.m. in a day.
everyday. 6. _¢ =á³ ~Ÿ• JO^Î~°¡ licence H›eyLO_¨e.
2. "Í°=ò ㄬu"Œ~¡O H›…ÿH›“~ŸH÷ report submit All the drivers should possess the
K͆Ƕe. licence.
We should submit the report to the 7. q^¥¼~¡°•Ö ° =°Oz Hã =
› °tH›}
Æ ‡•\÷OKŒe.
collector everyweek. Students should maintain good
3. g°~¡° application form `Ë certificates discipline.
enclose K͆Ƕe. 8. =°#O x*ì~òf Q® • <Œ†Ç ° ä› ½ •#°
You should enclose the certificates Z#°ßHË"Œe.
with the application form. We should elect honest leaders.
4. "Œ¼‡•~¡‹¬°ë•° ㄬƒ•’°`ŒÞxH÷ accounts 9. =°#=ò „¬ @ “ } ì•…Õ traffic rules
KǶ‡•e. ‡•\÷OKŒe.
Businessmen should show the We should follow the traffic rules in
accounts to the government. the towns.

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10. =°#=ò `ÇeÁ^ÎOã_È°•#° QÒ~¡qOKŒe. EXERCISE


We should respect our parents.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
11. =°#=ò =°# ^͉×O HË‹¬O „¬xK͆Ƕe.
We should work for our country.
1. <Í#° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hardwork K͆Ƕe.
12. g°~¡° g° À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°•ä›½ ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKŒe.
You should co-operate with your 2. =°#=ò =zó # J=Hê‰× = ò#°
friends. qx†³¶yOKÇ°HË"Œe.
13. parents „²•Á•O^Îih ‹¬=¶#OQê treat
3. g°~¡° „²Hß÷H± "³ˆÃ× ¤@䛽 principal permission
K͆Ƕe.
Parents should treat all the children
f‹¬°HË"Œe.
equally. 4. J`Ç_È° `Ç# `Ç=òàx KÇkqOKŒe.
14. <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° ㄬ[•ä›½ sincere Qê À‹=
K͆Ƕe. 5. P"³° health care f‹¬°HË"Œe.
Leaders should serve the people 6. "Œ~¡° D <³…ìY~¡°…Õ„¬• tax K³eÁOKŒe.
sincerely.
15. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ orders #° =°#O obey K͆Ƕe. 7. g°~¡° Z„¬æ\H÷ „
› C¬ _È° =¶ä›½ q+¬†°Ç O inform
We should obey to the government
K͆Ƕe.
orders. 8. =°#O =°# culture x QÒ~¡qOKŒe.
16. =°#=ò =°Oz J•"Œ@°Á J•=~¡°óHË"Œe.
We should cultivate good habits.
9. =°#=ò =°# „
Ì ^Î•í ‹¬•‚¬ð•#° ‡•\÷OKŒe.
17. ƒ•’ä½› •ë °
temple …Õ x‰×Å|íO ‡•\÷OKŒe. 10. _¨H›~“ °¡ Á `Ç=° =$uëH÷ „¬îië <Œ¼†Ç°O K͆¶
Ç e.
Devotees should maintain silence in
the temple. 11. =°#=ò ƒ•’Q=
® O`Ç°x ^Ά°Ç Hù~¡ä½› ‡ã •~¡#
Ö
18. WO_•†Ç¶…Õ ‹
¢ •ëÔ ° ª•Oã„^
¬ ¥†Ç° ^ΰ‹¬°•ë ° K͆Ƕe.
^•ÎiOKŒe. 12. g°~¡° P`Çàq‰§Þ‹¬O develop KÍ‹¬°HË"Œe.
Women should wear traditional dress
in India. 13. ^•Î#=O`Ç°•° c^Î"ŒiH÷ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO K͆¶Ç e.
19. =°#O c^Î"ŒiH÷ ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆Ƕe. 14. „²•Á•° =°Oz moral stories KÇ^Î"Œe.
We should help the poor.
20. ‹Ôx†Ç°~Ÿ• `Ç=° Ex†Ç°~Ÿ•x encourage
15. q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° "Œi knowledge x improve

K͆Ƕe. KÍ‹¬°HË"Œe.
The seniors should encourage their
juniors.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„ô¬ _È° XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx „¬#°• Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J =°#=ò time waste K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ. J †Çò=䛽•° W`Ç~°¡ •Ì„á depend Hê䛕_È^ΰ.
J =°#=ò „¬xx postpone K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ. J parents „²••
Á #° disappoint K͆°Ç 䛕_È^°Î .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° K͆ǰ䛕_Èx „¬#°• Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.

D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Should + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶


"Should + not + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =°#=ò =°# work neglect K͆°Ç 䛕_È^°Î . 6. q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° classes miss Hê䛕_È^ΰ.
We should not neglect our work. Students should not miss the classes.
2. W`Ç~¡°•° …ÕxH÷ ~Œä›•_È^ΰ. 7. „²••Á ° K³_°È J•"Œ@°Á J•=~¡K°Ç HË ä›•_È^°Î .
Others should not come inside. Children should not cultivate bad
3. =°#=ò W`Ç ~ ¡ ° • q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ *ÕH› ¼ O habits.
KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^ΰ. 8. =°#O L^˼Q®°•ä›½ •OKÇO W=Þ䛕_È^ΰ.
We should not interefere in others' We should not offer bribe to
matter. employees.
4. =°#=ò =°# À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°•#° "³¶‹¬yOKÇ 9. =°#=ò =°# `Ë\÷"Œix J==¶xOKÇ
䛕_È^ΰ. 䛕_È^ΰ.
We should not deceive our friends. We should not insult our fellowmen.
5. =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°• work disturb K͆ǰ 10. =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ W|ÄOk H›•°Q®*è†Ç°
䛕_È^ΰ. 䛕_È^ΰ.
We should not disturb other's work. We should not cause trouble to others.

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11. =°#=ò =°# Q® ° iOz Qù„¬ æ Qê EXERCISE


K³„¬CHË䛕_È^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We should not boast of ourselves.
12. g°~¡° W`Ç~°¡ •Ì„á P^•¥~¡„_
¬ äÈ •› _È^°Î .
You should not depend on others. 1. <Í#° <Œ _ȶ¼\©H÷ late Qê "³ˆ×¤ä›•_È^ΰ.
13. q^¥¼~¡°•œ ° ~Œ[H©†¶
Ç •…Õ ‡•…ç¾#䛕_È^°Î . 2. =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°• x~¡â†Ç¶•#° q=°iÅOKÇ
Students should not participate in
䛕_È^ΰ.
politics.
3. =°#=ò self - confidence HË…Õæ䛕_È^ΰ.
14. ¢‹Ôë•° =°# ‹¬O‹¬ø$ux =°~¡°=䛕_È^ΰ.
Women should not forget our culture.
4. g°~¡° work delay K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
15. =°#=ò Jk•Hê~¡°•=òO^ΰ =°# „¬ik• 5. Permission …è䛽O_¨ g°~¡° church …ÕxH÷
^¥@䛕_È^ΰ. ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
We should not cross our limit before 6. =°#=ò q°ug°i ㄬ=iëOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
the officers. 7. ƒã 사ìà}°•° =¶Oª•‚¬ð~¡=ò u#䛕_È^°Î .
16. q^¥¼~¡ ° Ö • ° „¬ s H› Æ • …Õ copy H÷ 8. =°#=ò =°# ^͉×=ò#° ^ÍÞ+²OKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
‡••æ_äÈ •› _È^°Î . 9. =°#=ò W`Ç ~ ¡ ° • q=°~¡ Å •ä› ½
Students shluld not indulge to
ƒ•’†°Ç „¬_äÈ •› _È^°Î .
copying in the examinations.
10. Employees „ ã [¬ •#°Oz •OKÇO f‹¬°Hù#
17. Teachers q^¥¼~¡°•Ö =°^•Î¼ U „¬H‡Æ› •`ÇO
KǶ„¬ä›•_È^ΰ. 䛕_È^ΰ.
Teachers shluld not show partiality 11. Businessmen ‹¬i†³Ø°# licence …è䛽O_¨
among the pupils. "Œ¼‡•~¡O K͆°Ç 䛕_È^°Î .
18. =°#=ò „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ rules JuãHq
› °OKÇä•› _È^°Î . 12. Two-wheeler Ì„á =òQ®°¾~¡° =¼ä›½ë•° ride
We should not voilate government K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
rules. 13. =°#=ò P~ËQ® ¼ =ò x~¡ Á H › Æ ¼ =ò KÍ † Ç °
19. ‹Ôx†Ç°~Ÿ• Ex†Ç°~Ÿ•#° x~¡°`Œ•‚¬ì„¬~K
¡ Ç ä›•_È^ΰ.
䛕_È^ΰ. 14. licence …è䛽O_¨ drivers vehicles drive
Seniors should not discourage K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
juniors.
15. q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° q•°"³á# ‹¬=°†Ç¶xß =$^•¥
20. =°#=ò ‹¬O‡•^Î#Hù~¡ä›½ =°#^͉§xß K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
q_•z "³ˆä¤× •› _È^°Î .
We should not leave our country for
earning.
Z
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QUESTION FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =•‹²# ƒì^•Î¼`Ç (Responsibility)
H›~¡ë=¼=ò (duty) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ daily ten hours work K͆Ƕ…ì?
J h=ô abroad …Õ KÇ^"Î Œ•O>è TOEFL qualify J"Œ…ì?
J =°#=ò exam hall …Õ J_•y#„¬ô_È° hall ticket KǶ‡•…ì?
J "Œ~¡° D test 䛽 appear Hê"Œ…ì ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =•‹²# ƒì^•Î¼`Ç
(Responsibility) H›~¡ë=¼=ò (duty) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =•‹²# ƒì^•Î¼`Ç,
H›~¡ë=¼=ò#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Should+ I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject – Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Should+ I form' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° =òO^ΰQê Principal #° consult 6. g°~¡° D application ö~„¬ô „¬O„¬=…ÿ<Œ?
Hê"Œ…ì? Should you send this application form
Should I consult the Principal first? tomorrow?
2. =°#=ò ã „ ¬ u "Œ~¡ O report submit 7. =°#=ò text books refer K͆ǰ=…ÿ<Œ?
K͆Ƕ…ì? Should we refer to the text books?
Should we submit the report every 8. "Œ~¡° D <³• 10 …Õ„¬• nomination file
week? K͆Ƕ…ì?
3. g°~¡° D <³• penalty K³eÁOKŒ…ì? Should they file the nomination before
Should you pay penalty this month? 10th of this month?
4. =°#=ò =òO^ΰQê manager permission 9. XH› business K͆ò
Ç @䛽 =°#=ò licence
f‹¬°Hù#=…ÿ<Œ? H›eyLO_¨…ì?
Should we take the Manager's Should we possess the licence to do
permission first? some business?
5. <Í#° D document Ì„á sign K͆Ƕ…ì? 10. ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È䛽 g°`Ë <Í#° 䛕_¨ ~Œ"Œ…ì?
Should I sign to this document ? Should I too come there with you
tomorrow?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1. =°#=ò W„¬C_È° WH›ø_È Uq° K͆Ƕe? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
What should we do here now?
2. g°~¡° D report ZH›ø_È submit K͆Ƕe?
Where should you submit this report?
1. h=ô ö~„¬ô election duty H÷ attend J"Œ…ì?
2. =°#=ò =KÍ ó " Œ~¡ O exam fee pay
3. <Í#° h䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 help K͆Ƕe?
Why should I help you? K͆Ƕ…ì?
3. g°~¡ ° ã „ ¬ u ~ËA accounts maintain
4. =°#=ò =òO^ΰQê "ŒiH÷ ZO`Ç deposit
pay K͆Ƕe? K͆Ƕ…ì?
Howmuch amount should we pay 4. =°#=ò guests 䛽 =‹¬u H›eæOKŒ…ì?
them as deposit first ? 5. g°~¡° next Sunday =~¡ä›½ WH›ø_È stay
5. D #+¬O“ "Í°=ò ZO^ΰ䛽 ƒ•’iOKŒe? K͆Ƕ…ì?
Why should we bear this loss? 6. h=ô D~ËA D work finish K͆Ƕ…ì?
6. =°#=ò application `Ë Zxß copy •° 7. =°#=ò ㄬu lesson H÷ notes prepare
[`Ç„¬~¡KŒe? KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ…ì?
Howmany copies should we enclose 8. "Í ° =ò ã „ ¬ u important point note
with the application form?
KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ…ì?
7. h=ô J#=‹¬ ~ ¡ O Qê J`Ç x q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ 9. =°#=ò bank …Õ chalan f‹¬°HË"Œ…ì?
ZO^ΰ䛽 *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË"Œe? 10. g°~¡° interview H÷ original certificates
Why should you interefere in his
matter unnecessarily?
f‹¬°Hùx"³ˆì¤…ì?
11. =°#O next month JH›ø_È Zxß~ËA•°
8. g°~¡° office …Õ ~ËA䛽 Zxß Q®O@•°
work K͆Ƕe?
„¬xK͆Ƕe?
Howmany hours should you work in 12. =°#O WOHê Zxß ~ËA•° training
the office in a day? ‡ÚO^¥e?
9. =°#O ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_È Z=ix consult J"Œe? 13. =°#O ralley x~¡ Þ ‚² ì OKÇ ° @ä› ½ Z=i
J#°=°uf‹¬°HË"Œe?
Whom should we consult there 14. g°~¡ ° training camp ä› ½ Z„¬ C _È °
tomorrow?
KÍ~¡°HË"Œe?
10. =°#=ò licence HË‹¬O ZH›ø_È apply 15. <Í # ° D medicine ~ËAH÷ Zxߪ•~¡°Á
K͆Ƕe? f‹¬°HË"Œe?
Where should we apply for the
licence?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
=°#=ò K͆ǰ䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° D test H÷ appear Hê䛕_È^¥? J g°~¡° J#°=°u …è䛽O_¨ Ì‹•=ô f‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
J J`Ç#° WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰ䛕_È^¥? J "Œ~¡° KÇ~•ó¡ …Õ ‡•…ç¾#䛕_È^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Shouldn't + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Shouldn't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° …ÕxH÷ ~Œä›•_È^¥? 7. XH› ¢ ï H á ‹ ¬ ë = ‹¬ < Œ¼‹² x q"Œ‚¬ ì O
Shouldn't I come in? KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
2. "Í°=ò D programme …Õ ‡•…ç¾#䛕_È^¥? Shouldn't a nun get married?
Shouldn't we participate in this 8. Office hours …Õ =°#=ò |†Ç ° @
programme? u~¡Q®ä›•_È^¥?
3. =°#=ò D q+¬ † Ç ° O |‚² ì ~¡ ¾ ` Ç = ò Shouldn't we move out during office
K͆ǰ䛕_È^¥? hours?
Shouldn't we reveal this matter? 9. g°~¡ ° J#°=°u…è ä › ½ O_¨ |†Ç ° @ä› ½
4. =°#=ò =¶Oª•‚¬ð~¡=ò f‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥? "³ˆ×¤ä›•_È^¥ ?
Shouldn't we take non-veg food? Shouldn't you go out without
permission?
5. XH› ‹¬<Œ¼‹² HËiH›•° H›ey†ÇòO_È䛕_È^¥?
Shouldn't a saint possess desires? 10. =°#=ò P q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ *ÕH› ¼ =ò
KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
6. <Í#° q=~Œ•° `³•°‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥? Shouldn't we interefere in that matter?
Shouldn't I know the details?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. <Í#° D meeting H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend


D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê䛕_È^ΰ?
Why shouldn't I attend this meeting? 1. =°#=ò Principal chamber …ÕxH÷ enter
12. =°#=ò D course ZO^Î ° ä› ½ join
Hê䛕_È^¥?
Hê䛕_È^ΰ? 2. g°~¡° guides follow J=䛕_È^¥?
Why shouldn't we join this course? 3. =°#=ò D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ own decision
13. P†Ç ° # ZxßH› • …Õ ZO^Î ° H› ½ ‡é\© f‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ? 4. =°#=ò J#°=°u …è䛽O_¨ |†Ç°@䛽
Why shouldn't he contest in the "³ˆ×¤ä›•_È^¥?
elections?
5. <Í#° W„¬C_È° D course KÇ͆ǰ䛕_È^¥?
14. P"³° WH›ø_È䛽 ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œä›•_È^ΰ? 6. =°#=ò licence …è䛽O_¨ business start
Why shouldn't she come here?
K͆ǰ䛕_È^¥?
15. "Œ~¡ ° ZO^Î ° ä› ½ money demand 7. g°~¡° q^¥¼~¡°œ• #°Oz donations collect
K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ? K͆ǰ䛕_È^¥?
Why shouldn't they demand money?
8. =°#=ò govt. rules #° Juã H › q °OKÇ
16. P „¬ x h"³ O ^Î ° ä› ½ KÍ † Ç ° ä› • _È ^ Î ° ? 䛕_È^¥?
Why shouldn't you do that work?
9. "Œ~¡° administration q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O
17. =°#=ò ZO^ΰ䛽 claim K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ? KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
Why shouldn't we claim it?
10. h=ô seminar …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡•…ç¾#䛕_È^°Î ?
18. =°#=ò XH› i HùH› ~ ¡ O ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 11. =°#=ò =°# opinion ZO^ΰ䛽 express
‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ°HË䛕_È^ΰ? K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ?
Why shouldn't we co-operate with one
another? 12. <Í#° Ì‹•=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°HË䛕_È^ΰ?
19. XH› widow =°~¡• ZO^ΰ䛽 marriage
13. =°#=ò D test H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 appear
KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^ΰ? Hê䛕_È^ΰ?
Why shouldn't a widow get married 14. g°~¡° High Court …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 appeal
again? KÍ‹¬°HË䛕_È^¥?
20. =°#=ò J<Œ¼†Ç ¶ xß ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 15. =°#=ò D tickect Ì„á express train …Õ
ZkiOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ? ZO^ΰ䛽 ㄬ†Ç¶}=ò K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ?
Why shouldn't we oppose injustice? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Should' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Should' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ qk•Qê, ƒì^•Î¼`ÇQêK͆ò
Ç XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Should + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. We should maintain discipline. 2. You should possess the licence.
3. He should seek their permission. 4. They should pay the bill regularly.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Should not + I form of the verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. We should not blame others. 2. You should not neglect the work.
3. He should not do like that. 4. They should not cause trouble.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ qk•Qê, ƒì^•Î¼`ÇQê K͆°Ç =•‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Should + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Should we attend the special duty tomorrow?
2. Should you consult the Manager today?
3. Should he come here?
4. Should they pay penalty?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ K͆ǰ䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Shouldn't + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Shouldn't we know the matter?
2. Shouldn't we interefere in this matter?
3. Shouldn't he appear for this test?
4. Shouldn't they participate in this seminar?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

461. pull pulled pulled …ìQ®°@


462. pulverize pulverized pulverized ‡Ú_• K͆òÇ @
463. purchase purchased purchased H›ù#°@
464. purify purified purified ‰×Ã^Îœ=ò K͆Çò@
465. push pushed pushed ã`ˆÇò@, <³@°“@
466. qualify qualified qualified J~¡Ý`Ç ‡ÚO^ΰ@
467. quench quenched quenched ^΄²æH› f~¡°ó@
468. quote quoted quoted L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°@
469. raise raised raised Ì„áïH`Ç°ë@
470. rape raped raped j•=ò K³~¡KÇ°@
471. reach reached reached KÍ~¡°Hù#°@
472. realize realized realized `³•°‹¬°H›ù#°@
473. reap reaped reaped „¬O@HˆÇò@
474. receive received received JO^ΰHù#°@
475. recite recited recited X„¬CHù#°@
476. recognize recognized recognized Q®°iëOKÇ°@
477. recommend recommended recommended ‹²‡•¦ ~¡‹°¬ Kdž
Í ò
Ç @
478. record recorded recorded ã"Œ‹²Ì„@°“@
479. recover recovered recovered uiy ‡ÚO^ΰ@
480. rectify rectified rectified ‹¬ik^ΰí@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
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MUST
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
XH›~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê (compulsory) KÍ‹² f~¡=•‹²# „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬ô <Í#° J`Çxx Yzó`ÇOQê H›e‹² f~Œe. J g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê =òO^ΰQê "Í°<Í[~Ÿ J#°=°u f‹¬°HË"Œe.
J J`Ç_°È D ª•i exam pass J~ò f~Œe. J"Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê licence H›ey†ÇòO_¨e.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê (compulsory) KÍ‹²
f~¡=•‹²# „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê, `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê
(compulsory) KÍ‹² f~¡=•‹²# XH›„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽

''''Must+ I form of the VerbÑÑÑÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'MustÑ L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° D ~ËA D work complete KÍ‹² 6. "Œ~¡° customers #° satisfy KÍ‹²f~Œe.
f~Œe. They must satisfy the customers.
I must complete this work today. 7. <Í#° D "Œ~¡O Yzó`ÇOQê =¶ T~¡°
2. "Í ° =ò MCA admission ‡ÚO^Î ° @ä› ½ "³o¤f~Œe.
entrance test 䛽 appear J~òf~Œe. I must go to my village this week.
We must appear for the entrance test 8. =°#=ò D J=Hê‰×=ò#° qx†³¶yOKÇ°
to get admission to MCA. 䛽xf~Œe.
3. g°~¡° WO@~¡¶Þ¼ ‹¬=°†Ç°O…Õ originals We must avail ourselves of this
submit KÍ‹²f~Œe. opportunity.
You must submit the originals at the 9. g°~¡° ㄬu important point note KÍ‹¬°Hùx
time of interview. f~Œe.
4. MBA course 䛽 J`Ç_°È donation pay KÍ‹² You must note every important point.
f~Œe. 10. Indian team finals KÍ~¡°@䛽 D ~ËA
He must pay donation for MBA course. match ïQezf~Œe.
5. P"³° "³O@<Í _¨H›~“ #
Ÿ ° consult J~òf~Œe. The Indian team must win the match
She must consult the doctor today to reach the finals.
immediately.
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EXERCISE
11. Court orders ã „ ¬ H ê~¡ O "Œ~¡ ° P W•°Á
MìmKÍ‹²f~Œe. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
They must vacate the house according
to the court orders. 1. <Í#° `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê Hindi <Í~¡°óHùxf~Œe.
12. "Í°=ò D ~ËA WH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íif~Œe. 2. "Í°=ò Yzó`ÇOQê D course complete
We must start here today. KÍ‹²f~Œe.
13. P"³° WOHùH› "Œ~¡O ~ËA•° hospital …Õ 3. h=ô `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê penalty K³eÁOzf~Œe.
LO_•f~Œe. 4. =°#O `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê Principal permission
She must stay in the hospital one more f‹¬°Hùxf~Œe.
week. 5. =°#O Z…ìï Q á < Œ ª•†Ç ° Oã ` Ç O …Õ„¬ •
14. "Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê ö~„¬ô HË~¡°“䛽 ‚¬ð[~¡° Q®°O@¶~¡° KÍ~¡°HË"Œe.
J~òf~Œe. 6. P†Ç°# D ~ËA `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê WH›ø_È䛽
They must attend the court tomorrow. =zóf~Œe.
15. q^¥¼~¡°•Ö ° „
ã u
¬ q+¬†°Ç O `³•°‹¬°Hùx f~Œe. 7. P"³° Z…ìïQ<á Œ D "Œ¼k• #°Oz HË•°HË"Œe.
Students must know everything.
8. =°#=ò next Monday …Õ„¬• amount
16. D <³•…Õ "Œ~¡° loan clear KÍ‹²f~Œe. deposit KÍ‹²f~Œe.
They must clear the loan this month.
9. g°~¡ ° D ã „ ¬ † Ç ° `Ç ß O …Õ `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê
17. `Ç e Á ^ Î O ã _ È ° •° „² • Á • #° `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê succeed J"Œe.
educate KÍ‹²f~Œe.
10. h=ô Z…ìïQá<Œ "Œix D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ
Parents must educate their children.
convince K͆Ƕe.
18. h=ô h honesty x prove KÍ‹°¬ Hùxf~Œe. 11. =°#O Hùxß ‹²^¥œO`Œ•ä›½ H›@°“|_• LO_¨e.
You must prove your honesty.
12. D game …Õ =°#O "Œix F_•Oz f~Œe.
19. XH› =°Oz teacher Jxß L`Çë=° •H›Æ}ì•°
13. =°#O Z…ìïQá<Œ „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ =òO^ΰ D
H›ey†ÇòO_¨e.
book publish KÍ‹²f~Œe.
A good teacher must possess all good
qualities.
14. ã „ ¬ u =ò‹² Á O `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê =°Hêø
‹¬O^ÎiÅOKŒe.
20. „
ã u
¬ ‚²ìO^ΰ=ô ƒ•’Q=
® n¾`Ç KÇkqf~Œe.
Every Hindu must read the Bhagavad
15. =°#=ò Z…ìïQá<Œ D ª•i best rank
Gita.
ª•k•OKŒe.

Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#¶ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ ö~„¬ô Ì‹•=ô f‹¬°HË䛕_È^ΰ.
J =°#=ò Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D J=Hê‰×O =^ΰ•°HË䛕_È^ΰ.
J J`Ç_È° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D „¬sH›Æ fail J=䛕_È^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D match F_•‡é䛕_È^°Î .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ XH›~¡° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ K͆ǰ䛕_Èx „¬#°• Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#¶ K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx
„¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Must + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
á #¶ "Must + not + I form of the verb" L„¬†¶³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Subject – Singular, Plural U^³#

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ D „¬sH›Æ fail 6. h=ô Z@°=O\÷ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ time
J=䛕_È^ΰ. waste K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
I must not fail in this examination. You must not waste time.
2. =°#=ò Z\÷ “ „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° • …Õ#¶ D 7. =°#O Z\÷ “ „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#¶ ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ì #O
J=Hê‰×=ò ‡ÚQù@°“HË䛕_È^ΰ. HË…Õæ䛕_È^ΰ.
We must not lose this opportunity. We must not lose patience.
3. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ class miss 8. =°#O Z\÷ “ „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#¶ =°#
Hê䛕_È^ΰ. ‹²^¥œO`Ç=ò•#° KÇO„¬ôHË䛕_È^ΰ.
You must not miss the class tomorrow. We must not kill our principles.
4. J`Ç_È° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D q+¬†Ç°O 9. g°~¡° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D q+¬†Ç°O
`³•‹¬°HË䛕_È^ΰ. |‚²ì~¡¾`ÇO K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
He must not know this matter. You must not reveal this matter.
5. P"³° U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D proposal 10. =°#O Z@°=O\÷ „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#¶
JOwH›iOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ. x~¡°`Œ•‚¬ì„¬_äÈ •› _È^°Î .
She must not accept to this proposal. We must not lose heart.

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11. =°#O U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° parents 䛽 EXERCISE


J|^ÎœO K³„¬æ䛕_È^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We must not tell lies to our parents.
12. <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° U „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#¶ Jk•Hê~¡O 1. <Í#° U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
^ΰiÞx†³¶Q®O K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ. studies neglect K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
Leaders must not misuse their power.
13. Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#¶ ~ö „¬ô Australia =°#Ì„á 2. =°#=ò U „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#° F@q°x
ïQ•°=䛕_È^ΰ. JOwH›iOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
Australia must not win the match
3. h=ô U „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#° enemies #°
against India tomorrow.
`Ç䛽ø=Qê estimate K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
14. Z@°=O\÷ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ =°#O _È|°Ä
J„¬C K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ. 4. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°…Õ#° WH›ø_•H÷
We must not borrow money. ~Œä›•_È^ΰ.
15. \©KÇ~Ÿ• Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ „¬sH›Æ•…Õ
5. P"³° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° P function 䛽
copying 䛽 J#°=°uOKÇ䛕_È^ΰ.
attend J=䛕_È^ΰ.
Teachers must not allow copying in the
examinations. 6. "Œ~¡° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#° D place q_•z
16. Z@°=O\÷ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° =°#O ö~„¬ô "³ˆ×¤ä›•_È^ΰ.
programme postpone K͆ǰ䛕_È^ΰ.
We must not postpone the 7. <Í#° U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ "ŒiH›O>è "³#°H›
programme tomorrow. „¬_È䛕_È^ΰ.
17. =°#=ò Z\÷ “ „¬ i ‹² Ö ` Ç ° •…Õ#¶ ~Œr 8. =°#=ò Z@°=O\÷ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#° ^•³~á ¼¡ O
„¬_È䛕_È^ΰ. HË…Õæ䛕_È^ΰ.
We must not compromise to the
circumstances. 9. Jƒ•’¼~¡°Ö•° U „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° ZxßH›•
18. J`Ç_È° Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ D ZxßH›•…Õ x|O^•Î# JuãHq› °OKÇä•› _È^°Î .
ïQ•°=䛕_È^ΰ.
10. =°#=ò Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#° D ª•i
He must not win this election.
"³¶‹¬‡é䛕_È^ΰ.
19. =°#=ò D ª•i Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#¶ "Œi
‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡ä›•_È^ΰ.
We must not seek their help this time Z
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 238
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QUESTION FORM
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê KÍ‹f
² ~¡=•‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê W„¬C_È° "Œi WO\ÕÁ LO_• f~Œ…ì?
J P"³° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D ~ËA T~¡° "³o¤ f~Œ…ì?
J P†Ç°# `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D medicine f‹¬°Hùx f~Œ…ì?
J "Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx ‹¬iQê B.Ed. KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì ?
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê KÍ‹f
² ~¡=•‹²# XH›
„¬xx ㄬtßOKÇ°@ Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ x ‹¬iQê KÍ‹² f~¡=•‹²#
XH› „¬xx ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Must + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject – Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Must + I form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô h`Ë JH›ø_È䛽 =zóf~Œ…ì? 6. P"³° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È䛽 =zó
Must I come there with you tomorrow? f~Œ…ì?
2. =°#=ò MCA admission 䛽 entrance Must she come here tomorrow?
test 䛽 appear J~òf~Œ…ì? 7. "Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê P ‹¬Ö•O Mìm KÍ‹²
Must we appear for the entrance test f~Œ…ì?
for MCA admission ? Must they vacate that site?
3. g°~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô `Ç „ ¬ æ x‹¬ i Qê seminar H÷ 8. =°#=ò `Ç„æ¬x‹¬iQê D HË~Ÿ• KÍ‹f
² ~Œ…ì?
‚¬ð[~¡~òf~Œ…ì? Must we do this course?
Must you attend the seminar 9. loanHù~¡ä›½ `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê =°#=ò surity
tomorrow? KǶ„²Oz f~¡=…ÿ<Œ?
4. P†Ç°# `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê doctor #° consult Must we show surity for a loan?
J~òf~Œ…ì? 10. J`Ç _ È ° "Œix `Ç „ ¬ æ x‹¬ i Qê ‡é+² O z
Must he consult the doctor? f~Œ…ì?
5. <Í#° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê identity card KǶ‡•…ì? Must he feed them?
Must I show the Identity card?

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11. P"³° `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê treatment ‡ÚOkf~Œ…ì? EXERCISE


Must she undergo treatment? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D „¬x ö~„¬ô „¬îië KÍ‹²
f~Œ…ì? 1. =°#=ò ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_•H÷ "³of Á ~Œ…ì ?
Must they finish this work tomorrow?
2. h=ô `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê ~ö „¬ô J`ÇxH÷ money „¬O„²
13. g°~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê Enlgish paper answer f~Œ…ì ?
KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì? 3. g°~¡° `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›e‹²
Must you answer the English paper? f~Œ…ì ?
14. =°#=ò D form …Õ Jxß columns fill KÍ‹² 4. J`Ç _ È ° `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê D course KÍ ‹ ²
f~Œ…ì? f~Œ…ì?
Must we fill up all the columns in this 5. P"³° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê training ‡ÚOk f~Œ…ì?
form? 6. "Œ~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê ö~„¬ô D report submit
15. <Í#° ö~„¬ô `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D iHê~ŸÛ present KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì ?
KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì? 7. h=ô `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D test 䛽 coaching
Must I present this record there f‹¬°Hùx f~Œ…ì ?
tomorrow? 8. g°~¡° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È "Œix
16. =°#O B.Ed seat 䛽 `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê donation receive KÍ‹¬°Hùx f~Œ…ì ?
pay KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì? 9. =°#=ò `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê D books Hùx
Must we pay donation for the B.Ed. f~Œ…ì ?
seat? 10. J`Ç_È° `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê D exam pass J~ò
17. g°~¡ ° D files D "Œ~¡ O clear KÍ ‹ ² f~Œ…ì ?
f~Œ…ì? 11. P"³ ° `Ç „ ¬ æ x‹¬ i Qê treatment ‡ÚOk
Must you clear all these files this f~Œ…ì?
week? 12. "Œ~¡ ° `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê D rule ‡•\÷Oz
18. h=ô ö~„¬ô `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê Chennai KÍ~¡°Hùx f~Œ…ì?
f~Œ…ì? 13. h=ô `Ç„¬æx‹¬iQê "Œi permission ‡ÚOk
Must you reach Chennai tomorrow? f~Œ…ì ?
19. =°#O application Ì „ á photograph 14. <Í # ° `Ç „ ¬ æ x ‹¬ i Qê D ~ËA office H÷
JO\÷Ozf~Œ…ì? =zóf~Œ…ì ?
Must we affix the passport size 15. =°#=ò `Ç„æ¬ x‹¬iQê D <³•…Õ loan clear
photograph on application form? KÍ‹²f~Œ…ì ?
20. h=ô "ŒiH÷ =òO^ΰQê inform KÍ‹f
² ~Œ…ì?
Must you inform them earlier?
Z
Little strokes fell great oaks. 240
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Must' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Must' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anoamalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ `Ç„æ¬ H› KÍ‹f
² ~¡=•‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Must + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I must pass this test.
2. We must learn Sanskrit.
3. You must prepare all the lessons.
4. They must finish this work today.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò Z\÷“ „¬i‹²`Ö °Ç •…Õ#° K͆°Ç 䛕_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Must not+ I form of the Verb " L„¬†¶ ³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. We must not lose heart in our difficulties.
2. We must not fear to our problems.
3. He must not know this news.
4. They must not repeat this mistake.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Yzó`OÇ Qê KÍ‹f
² ~¡=•‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Must + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. Must I appear for the entrance test ?
2. Must we enclose original certificates ?
3. Must you submit this report tomorrow ?
4. Must they vacate the house next month ?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

481. reduce reduced reduced `Çy¾OKÇ°@


482. reform reformed reformed ‹¬Oª•ø~¡=ò K͆òÇ @
483. refuse refused refused u~¡‹¬øiOKÇ°@
484. regret regretted regretted „¬‰§ó`Œë„¬„¬_È°@
485. regulate regulated regulated ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°@
486. reject rejected rejected ã`Ë‹²"͆Çò@
487. relate related related q=iOKÇ°@
488. relax relaxed relaxed ‹À ÞKÇ•ó Qê LO_È°@
489. release released released q_•„²OKÇ°@
490. relieve relieved relieved q_È°^Ε K͆Çò
(L^˼Q® ‹¬OII"³°Ø#q)
491. remain remained remained q°ye †ÇòO_È°
492. remember remembered remembered *ìý„¬H›=òOKÇ°Hù#°@
493. remind reminded reminded *ìý„¬H› „¬~¡KÇ°@
494. remove removed removed `ù•yOKÇ°@
495. repeat repeated repeated =°~¡• K³„¬C, K͆Çò@
496. repent repented repented „¬‰§ó`Œë„¬ „¬_È°@
497. reply replied replied |^ΰ•° K³„¬C@
498. require required required Hê=•‹²#k HË~¡°@
499. rescue rescued rescued Hꇕ_Ȱ@
500. reside resided resided x=VtOKÇ°@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
242 He who spits against the sky will have it fall on his face.
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COULD
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx K͆ǰQ®ey#
ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß interview ƒìQê K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò last year =°Oz results ‡ÚO^ÎQ®eQê=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß =¶ä›½ amount adjust K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_È°.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß match easy Qê ïQ•°= Q®ey<Œ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (ability)
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Could + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Could" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° Degree …Õ 90% =¶~¡°ø•° score 6. <Í#° x#ß interview …Õ Jxß questions
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ#°. answer K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ#°.
I could score 90% of marks in Degree. I could answer all the questions in the
2. "Í°=ò x#ß ï~O_È° Q®O@•…Õ <³•¶Á~¡° interview yesterday.
KÍ~¡°HËQ®eQê=ò. 7. "Í°=ò last time P problem easy Qê solve
We Could reach Nellore within two K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ=ò.
hours yesterday. We could solve that problem easily
3. Sachin Tendulkar KŒ…ì z#ß =†Ç°‹¬°•…Õ last time.
ㄬ„¬OKÇ records create K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_È°. 8. ‡éb‹¬°•° <Í~¡‹¬°Ö•#° ï~O_È° ~ËA•…Õ
Sachin Tendulkar could create the Q®°iëOKÇQ®ey<Œ~¡°.
world records at a young age. The police could identify the criminals
4. =¶ sister x#ß ‡•@• ‡é\©…Õ first prize within two days.
‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey#k. 9. <Í # ° <Œ 19= †Í ° @†Í ° „² . l. „¬ î ië
My sister could win the first prize in
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ#°.
I could complete my P.G. at the age
the singing competition yesterday.
of 19.
5. N KÇ O ã ^ Î ƒ ì|° `Ç # 45= U@<Í 10. "Í°=ò Hùkí ~ËA•…Õ<Í `Ç„¬C `³•°‹¬°HË
=òY¼=°Oãu J=Q®ey<Œ~¡°. Q®e<Œ=ò.
Sri Chandra Babu could become We could realise our mistake in a few
Chief- minister at the age of 45. days.

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11. <ŒQê~¡°û# J#ß=°†Ç°¼ ‡•ã`Ç…Õ ƒìQê act EXERCISE


K͆ǰQ®eQê_È°.
Nagarjuna could act well in the role of
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Annamayya.
12. =¶ brother last year ~¡¶. 50,000 save
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_È°. 1. <Í # ° x#ß <Œ•°Q® ° lessons
My brother could save Rs. 50,000 last <Í~¡°óHù#Q®ey<Œ#°.
year. 2. <Í # ° x#ß g°\÷ O Q· … Õ ^•³ á ~ ¡ ¼ OQê
13. <Í#° ~ï O_È° <³••…Õ<Í Short Hand Writing =¶\ìÁQ®ey<Œ#°.
<Í~¡°óHù#Q®eQê#°. 3. "Í°=ò last time 6 <³•••Õ loan clear
I could learn Short Hand Writing within K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ=ò.
two months.
4. =¶ brother KŒ…ì z#ß =†Ç°‹¬°•…Õ<Í Bank
14. Last time <Í # ° J`Ç x amount 10
officer J=Q®ey<Œ_È°.
~ËA•…Õ repay K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ#°.
I could repay his amount within ten 5. P"³° x#ß guest •#° KŒ…ì ƒìQê treat
days last time. K͆ǰQ®ey#k.
15. "Í ° =ò last time =°Oz „¦ ¬ e `Œ•° 6. "Œ~¡° ï~O_È° <³••…Õ<Í business ƒìQê
ª•k•OKÇQe® y<Œ=ò. pickup K͆ǰQ®e<Œ~¡°.
We could achieve better results last 7. <Í # ° x#ß „¬ s H› Æ KŒ…ì ƒìQê
time. ã"Œ†Ç°Q®ey<Œ#°.
16. P"³ ° typhoid attack #°Oz „¬ î ië Q ê 8. "Í°=ò ï~O_È° <³••…Õ<Í house construct
HË•°HËQ®ey#k.
She could recover from the attack of
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ=ò.
typhoid completely. 9. J^Î$+¬= “ ‰§`Ç°ë "Í°=ò P „
ã =
¬ ¶^Î=ò #°O_•
17. =¶ brother x#ß interview ƒìQê escape J=Q®ey<Œ=ò.
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_È°. 10. Q®`Ç „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ <Í#° XH› <³•…Õ<Í Jxß
My brother could do the interview well subjects prepare J=Q®ey<Œ#°.
yesterday. 11. <Í#° J`ÇxH÷ x#ß q=~¡OQê explain KÍ‹²
18. Indian bowlers Pakistan batsmen K³„¬æQ®ey<Œ#°.
„¬~¡°Q®°•° K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ J_È°ÛHËQ®ey<Œ~¡°. 12. J`Çx parents ‡ã é`Œ•‚¬ìO`Ë `Ç# •H›¼Æ O
The Indian bowlers could prevent the
Pakistan batsmen from making runs.
ª•k•OKÇQe® y<Œ_È°.
19. "Í ° =ò x#ß J`Ç x x D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ 13. =¶ friends ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O`Ë "Í°=ò x#ß P
X„²æOKÇQ®ey<Œ=ò. „¬x ‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê „¬îië K͆°Ç Q®ey<Œ=ò.
We could convince him in this matter 14. Last time "Í°=ò Ì‹•=ô•° ƒìQê enjoy
yesterday. K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ=ò.
20. "Œ~¡° "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ 5 ‹¬OII…Õ 25 •H›Æ•° 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° business …Õ Ì„^Îí amount
‹¬O‡•kOKÇQe® y<Œ~¡°. invest K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~¡°.
They could earn 25 lakhs in the
business in 5 years.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH‡› é=ô@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß h䛽 help K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O match ïQ•=…èH›‡é~ò <Œ=ò.
J =¶ brother last year exams pass Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß time H÷ WH›ø_È䛽 KÍ~¡°HË…èH› ‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH› ‡é=ô@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° „¬îië K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò# (ª•=°~¡œ¼=ò
…èH›‡é=ô@) lack of ability XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Could + not + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Could+ not" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° x#ß exam …Õ Jxß questions 5. Last year =¶ lecturers „¬sH›•
Æ ä›½ =òO^ΰ
answer K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°. syllabus „¬îiëK͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
I could not answer all the questions Our lecturers could not complete the
syllabus before the exams last year.
in the examination yesterday.
6. "Œ~¡ ° last time =¶ä› ½ JH› ø _È =‹¬ u
2. "Í°=ò x#ß P work time H÷ „¬îië K͆ǰ…èH› H›eæOKÇ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
‡é~ò<Œ=ò. They could not provide us
We could not complete the work in accommodation there last time.
time yesterday. 7. <Í # ° last year studies Ì „ á ‹¬ i Qê
3. last year EAMCET …Õ =¶ brother rank concentrate K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°.
‡ÚO^Î…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°. I could not concentrate on my studies
last year.
My brother could not get rank in the
8. Q®`Ç ZxßH•› …Õ `³•°Q®°^͉O× ‡•s“ „
ã [¬ •#°
EAMCET last year. PH›iÂOKÇ…èH›‡é~ò#k.
4. Indian team 2003 World Cup final The Telugu Desam Party could not
match …Õ P¢ À ‹ “ e †Ç ¶ #° F_•OKÇ … è H › attract the people in the last elections.
‡é~ò#k. 9. =¶ father business …Õ success
The Indian team could not defeat the Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
Australian team in the final match of My father could not succeed in the
2003 World Cup. business.

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10. P …ÿ @ ~Ÿ … Õx contents <Í # ° J~¡ Ö O EXERCISE


KÍ‹¬°HË…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°.
I could not understand the contents D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
of that letter.
11. "Í ° =ò x#ß exam hall H÷ time H÷
KÍ~¡°HË…èH›‡é~ò<Œ=ò. 1. <Í # ° x#ß exam ‹¬ i Qê ã " Œ†Ç ° …è H ›
We could not reach the examination ‡é~ò<Œ#°.
hall in time yesterday. 2. "Í ° =ò x#ß P train JO^Î ° HË…è H ›
12. =¶ friends <Œä›½ P q+¬†Ç°O…Õ help ‡é~ò<Œ=ò.
K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~¡°. 3. =¶ brother last time \© K Ç ~ Ÿ ‡é‹¬ ° “
My friends could not help me in that ‡ÚO^Î…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°.
matter last time.
4. P"³ ° last year Jxß ‹¬ | û ä › ½ “ • °
13. Jq°`Œƒ˜ |KÇó<£ ~Œ[H©†Ç¶•…Õ succeed ‡•‹¹Hê…èH‡› é~ò#k.
Hê…èH›‡é†Ç¶~¡°.
Amitab Batchan could not succeed in 5. "Œ~¡° x#ß function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á ‹¬iQê
politics. K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
14. ‹¬z<£ >ÿO_ȶ•ø~Ÿ captain Qê team #° 6. Last time <Í#° exam H÷ ‹¬iQê prepare
‹¬iQê lead K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°. Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°.
Sachin Tendulkar could not lead the 7. "Í ° =ò x#ß q°=òà•#° H› • °=…è H ›
team well as the captain. ‡é~ò<Œ=ò.
15. <Í#° x#ß P news #=°à…èH›‡é~ò<Œ#°. 8. "Œ~¡° last year =°Oz result ª•k•OKÇ…Hè ›
I could not believe that news
yesterday.
‡é†Ç¶~¡°.
16. `Çq°ˆ×<Œ_È°…Õ _•.†Ç°O.ïH. ‡•s“ =°~¡• 9. <Í # ° x#ß P q+¬ † Ç ° O J`Ç x `Ë

ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ŒÞxß U~Œæ@° K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò#k. "ŒkOKÇ…èH›‡é†Ç¶#°.
The DMK could not form the 10. "Œ~¡° last year time H÷ loan clear K͆°Ç …èH›
government again in Tamil Nadu. ‡é†Ç¶~¡°.
17. J`Ç_È° `Ç# x~Ëí+²`ŒÞxß x~¡¶„²OKÇ°HË…èH› 11. "Í ° =ò x#ß ‹¬ i †³ Ø ° # x~¡ â † Ç ° O
‡é~ò<Œ_È°. f‹¬°HË…èH›‡é~ò<Œ=ò.
He could not prove his innocence.
12. =¶ grandmother P "Œ¼k• #°Oz recover
18. "Œ~¡° P J=Hꉧxß L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°HË…èH› Hê…èH›‡é†Ç¶~¡°.
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°.
They could not utilize that opportunity. 13. <Í#° x#ß J`ÇxH÷ P q+¬†Ç°O ‹¬iQê
19. "Í ° =ò last time D i[…˜ “ guess explain K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Ç¶#°.
K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ=ò. 14. `Çy# ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…èH› "Í°=ò "ŒiH÷ D
We could not guess this result last q+¬†Ç°O inform K͆ǰ…èH› ‡é†Ç¶=ò.
time. 15. =~¡Â=ò =•#, "Í°=ò x#ß work continue
20. J„¬æ\Hö÷ Oã^Î „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO Hêjà~¡° ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Ç¶=ò.
„¬i+¬øiOKÇ…èH›‡é~ò#k.
The then Central Government
couldnot solve the Kashmir problem. Z
A sound mind is a sound body. 246
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç Q®ey# XH› „¬xx
(„¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò) ability ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß quiz ‡é\©…Õ prize ïQ•°= Q®ey<Œ"Œ ?
J x#ß Indian players easy Qê match ïQ•°=Q®ey<Œ~Œ ?
J h=ô JO`Ç ‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê D job Z…ì ‡ÚO^Î Q®ey<Œ=ô ?
J "Œ~¡° last week Zxß files clear K͆ǰ Q®ey<Œ~¡° ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey# ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (ability)
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Could + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Could + I form" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g°\÷OQ· …Õ h=ô ƒìQê =¶\ìÁ_È 6. P"³° x#ß ‡é\©…Õ ƒìQê ‡•_ÈQe® y#^¥ ?
Q®ey<Œ"Œ ? Could she sing well in the competition
Could you speak well in the meeting yesterday ?
yesterday? 7. "Œ~¡° x#ß ‹¬=°†Ç¶xH÷ „¬sH›Æ ‚¬ð•°ä›½
2. g°~¡ ° x#ß P „¬ x x ‹¬ H ê•O…Õ „¬ î ië KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey<Œ~Œ ?
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~Œ ? Could they reach the examination hall
Could you finish that work in time in time yesterday?
yesterday?
3. h=ô x#ß Interview board members #° 8. h=ô last time =°Oz =¶~¡°ø•° score
h answers `Ë satisfy K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ"Œ ? K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ"Œ ?
Could you score good marks last
Could you satisfy the members of the
time?
Interview Board with your answers?
4. g° cousin last time h䛽 amount adjust 9. g°~¡° =¶ address easy Qê `³•°‹¬°HË
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_¨ ? Q®ey<Œ~Œ ?
Could your cousin adjust you the Could you find our address easily?
amount last time? 10. g°~¡° D „¦¬e`Ç=ò =òO^ΰQê<Í guess
5. J`Ç_°È `Ç# •H›¼Æ O ª•k•OKÇQe® y<Œ_¨ ? K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~Œ ?
Could he achieve his goal? Could you guess this result earlier?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. g°~¡° x#ß P ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° JO`Ç ‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Z…ì „¬i+¬øiOKÇQ®ey<Œ~¡° ?
How could you solve that problem
easily yesterday? 1. h=ô x#ß P train catch K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ"Œ?
12. Q®`Ç P~¡° ‹¬OII•…Õ h=ô ZO`Ç ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ
Q®ey<Œ=ô ? 2. g°~¡° P programme H÷ Jxß U~Œæ@°Á
Howmuch amount could you earn in K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~Œ?
the last six years ? 3. J`Ç _ È ° last time g°ä› ½ ƒìQê teach
13. x#ß „¬sH›Æ…Õ h=ô Zxß questions answer K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_¨?
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ=ô ?
Howmany questions could you 4. P"³° q°=òà•#° identify K͆°Ç Q®ey#^¥?
answer in the examination yesterday? 5. "Œ~¡ ° last time JO`Ç # +¬ “ O
14. Last World Cup finals …Õ Indian
ƒ•’iOKÇQe® y<Œ~Œ?
batsmen Zxß „¬~°¡ Q®°•° K͆°Ç Q®ey<Œ~¡°?
Howmany runs could Indian batsmen 6. g° friends last time =¶@Ì„á x•|_ÈQ®ey
make in the finals of the last World <Œ~Œ?
Cup?
7. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê<Í D news `³•°‹¬°HË
15. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß ƒì¼Oä› ½ …Õ ZO`Ç amount
deposit K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~¡°? Q®ey<Œ~Œ?
Howmuch amount could they deposit 8. h=ô last year P Hê…èl…Õ admission
in the bank yesterday? easy Qê ‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey<Œ"Œ?
16. Last series …Õ Agarkar Zxß wickets
f†Ç°Q®ey<Œ_È° ? 9. last year g° …ÿH~ó› ~¡ •Ÿ [#=i…Õ<Í syllabus
Howmany wickets could Agarkar take complete K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~Œ?
in the last series? 10. last year J`Ç_È° Jxß subjects pass
17. J`Ç _ È ° last time =°#ä› ½ Uq° help J=Q®ey<Œ_¨?
K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ_È° ?
What help could he do for us last time? 11. g° lecturer x#ß h doubts Jxß clarify
18. JO`Çz#ß =†Ç°‹¬°•…Õ h=ô Bank Officer K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~Œ ?
Z…ì J=Q®ey<Œ=ô? 12. _¨H›~“ Ÿ x#ß P"³° "Œ¼k•x Q®°iëOKÇQe® y<Œ~Œ?
How could you become a Bank Officer
13. JO`ÇÌ„^Îí ‹²\©…Õ h=ô J`Çx address Z…ì
at a young age ?
19. P ㄬ=¶^ÎO #°Oz last time x#°ß Z=~¡° H›#°Qù#Q®ey<Œ=ô?
save K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~¡°? 14. Last time BJP POã^•Î„ã ^ ¬ ‰Í …˜ ÕZxß seats
Who could save you from that danger ïQ•=Q®ey#k?
last time ?
20. g° unit …Õ ZO`Ç =°Ok agents last 15. g°~¡ ° last week Zxß files clear
month target KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey<Œ~¡° ? K͆ǰQ®ey<Œ~¡°?
Howmany agents could reach the
target in your unit last month ? Z
A small leak sinks a great ship. 248
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
XH›~¡° K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß class H÷ attend Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
J g°~¡° x#ß U~Œæ@°Á ‹¬iQê K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Ç¶~Œ ?
J P"³° x#ß meeting …Õ ƒìQê =¶\ìÁ_È…èH› ‡é~ò#^¥?
J J`Ç_È° last time exam H÷ ƒìQê prepare Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_¨?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò# (XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ
Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH‡› é=ô@) XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Couldn't + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "Couldn't " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß train JO^ΰHË…èH›‡é~ò<Œ"Œ? 6. h=ô x#ß J`Çxx X„²æOKÇ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
Couldn't you catch the train yesterday? Couldn't you convince him yesterday?
2. g°~¡° x#ß P show H÷ tickets ‡ÚO^Î…èH› 7. g°~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È work „¬îië K͆ǰ…èH›
‡é~ò<Œ~Œ? ‡é~ò<Œ~Œ?
Couldn't you get the tickets for that Couldn't you finish the work there
show yesterday? yesterday?
3. J`Ç _ È ° last year exam pass 8. h=ô x#ß JH›ø_È䛽 ‹¬=°†Ç¶xH÷ KÍ~¡°HË…èH›
Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_¨? ‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
Couldn't he pass the examination last Couldn't you reach there in time
year? yesterday?
4. P"³° last year EAMCET …Õ rank ‡ÚO^Î…Hè › 9. "Œ~¡ ° last month bill K³ e Á O KÇ … è H ›
‡é~ò#^¥? ‡é~ò<Œ~Œ?
Couldn't she secure a rank in the Couldn't they pay the bill last time?
EAMCET last year?
10. g°~¡ ° x#ß "ŒiH÷ =‹¬ u H› e æOKÇ … è H ›
5. "Œ~¡ ° P business …Õ success ‡é~ò<Œ~Œ ?
Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~Œ? Couldn't you provide them
Couldn't they succeed in that
accommodation yesterday?
business?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô last year P college …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 seat D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
‡ÚO^Î…èH›‡é~ò<Œ=ô?
Why couldn't you get a seat in that
college last year?
1. h=ô x#ß test …Õ Jxß questions answer
12. Sachin Captain Qê ZO^ΰ䛽 success
K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
Hê…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°? 2. x#ß friendly match …Õ g°~¡ ° "Œix
Why couldn't Sachin succeed as a F_•OKÇ…Hè ‡› é~ò<Œ~Œ?
Captain?
3. Last time ZxßH›•…Õ P†Ç°# majority
13. g°~¡° P exam ƒìQê ZO^ΰ䛽 ã"Œ†Ç°…èH› ‡ÚO^Î…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~Œ?
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°?
Why couldn't you write that exam well? 4. P"³° x#ß WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ…èH›‡é~òO^¥?
14. h=ô P interview ƒìQê ZO^ΰ䛽 K͆ǰ…èH› 5. "Œ~¡° last time g°ä›½ material supply
‡é~ò<Œ=ô? K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ~Œ?
Why couldn't you do that interview
well?
6. h=ô x#ß J`ÇxH÷ amount adjust K͆ǰ…èH›
15. J`Ç_È° h䛽 P q+¬†Ç°O…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 help ‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_È°? 7. g°~¡ ° P ‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ #° „¬ i +¬ ø iOKÇ … è H ›
Why couldn't he help you in that ‡é~ò<Œ~Œ?
matter? 8. h=ô x#ß J`Ç x =¶@•° #=°à…è H ›
16. P"³ ° x#ß party H÷ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ attend ‡é~ò<Œ"Œ?
Hê…èH›‡é~òOk?
Why couldn't she attend the party 9. J`Ç_È° last year =°Oz =¶~¡°ø•° score
yesterday? K͆ǰ…èH›‡é~ò<Œ_¨?
17. P"³° P "Œ¼k• #°Oz ZO^ΰ䛽 HË•°HË…èH› 10. P"³° P J==¶#O ƒ•’iOKÇ…Hè ‡› é~ò#^¥?
‡é~ò#k ? 11. g°~¡° P q+¬†Ç°O…Õ ‹¬i†³Ø°# x~¡â†Ç°O
Why couldn't she recover from that
ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°HË…èH›‡é†Ç¶~¡°?
decease?
18. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß match ZO^Î ° ä› ½ ï Q •°=…è H › 12. h=ô x#ß J`Ç x x ZO^Î ° ä› ½ H› • °=…è H ›
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°? ‡é†Ç¶=ô?
Why couldn't they win that match 13. g°~¡° J`ÇxÌ„á ZO^ΰ䛽 KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°HË…èH›
yesterday? ‡é†Ç¶~¡°?
19. P†Ç°# last time ZO^ΰ䛽 minister Hê…èH› 14. "Œ~¡° P course time H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬îië
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°? K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Ç¶~¡°?
Why couldn't he become a minister last
time? 15. g°~¡° x#ß P programme …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽
20. "Œ~¡° P loan ZO^ΰ䛽 clear K͆ǰ…èH› participate K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Ç¶~¡°?
‡é~ò<Œ~¡°?
Why couldn't they clear that loan? Z
Vows made in a storm are forgotten in a calm. 250
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Could' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
'Could' J#° ^¥xx grammar …Õ Anomalous Verb JO\ì~¡ ° . nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4
parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç Q®• ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò#° (capacity)
H› e y†Ç ò O_È ° @#° Q® ° iOz ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ "Could + I form of the verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I could speak well in the meeting yesterday.
2. We could complete the course successfully.
3. He could win the election with good majority last time.
4. They could achieve the target last time.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH› XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Could not + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I could not attend the meeting yesterday.
2. We could not write exam well last time.
3. He could not help us last time.
4. They could not satisfy the customers.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò`Ë K͆°Ç Q®•y# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Could + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Could you find his address easily yesterday?
2. Could you do the interview well yesterday?
3. Could he pass the Group-2 exam in the first attempt?
4. Could they clear the loan in time?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò …èH› XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç …èH‡› é=ô@#°
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Couldn't + I form of the
Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Couldn't you pay the bill last month?
2. Couldn't you stay there alone last night?
3. Couldn't he help you last time?
4. Couldn't they reach the station in time?
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

501. Resign resigned resigned ~Œr<Œ=¶K͆Çò


502. Resolve resolved resolved f~ŒàxOKÇ°
503. Resume resumed resumed uiy ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ°
504. Retire retired retired q~¡=°}K͆Çò@
505. Return returned returned uiy=KÇ°ó@
506. Reveal revealed revealed `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°@
507. Revenge revenged revenged „¬Q®f~¡°óH›ù#°@
508. Revise revised revised `Ç„¬C•°k^ΰ“
509. Roam roamed roamed T~¡H›u~¡°Q®°@
510. Roar roared roared Q®iûOKÇ°@
511. Rob robbed robbed ^ËKÇ°H›ù#°@
512. Roll rolled rolled Q®°Oã_È=òQê u~¡°Q®°@
513. Rub rubbed rubbed ~¡°^ΰí@
514. Rush rushed rushed "ÍQ®=òQê‡é=ô@
515. Salute saluted saluted #=°‹¬øiOKÇ°@
516. Satisfy satisfied satisfied `Ç$„²ë„¬~¡KÇ°@
517. Save saved saved Hꇕ_Ȱ@
518. Scatter scattered scattered "³^Î[•°Á@
519. Scold scolded scolded u@°“@
520. Scream screamed screamed öHH›"͆Çò@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
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HAVE TO
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò K͆°Ç =•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡=ò#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° D ~ËA L.I.C. office 䛽 "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =ô#ßk.
J "Í°=ò D "Œ~¡=ò tax pay K͆ǰ=•‹² †Çò#ßk.
J J`Ç_È° D ~ËA duty …Õ join J==•‹² †Çò#ßk.
J P"³° doctor #° consult Hê=•‹²†òÇ #ßk.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò XH›~¡° K͆ǰ =•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ W„¬C_È°, D ~ËA, D"Œ~¡O, D
<³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=¡ ò#ß XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have to / Has to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, we, you, they subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'have to'.
He, She, it subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'has to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° W„¬C_È° "³O@<Í railway station 䛽 6. "Œ~¡° D<³• D W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ=•‹²
"³ˆ×¤=•‹² †Çò#ßk. †Çò#ßk.
I have to go to railway station They have to vacate this house this
immediately now. month.
2. "Í°=ò D "Œ~¡O house tax K³eÁOKÇ=•‹² 7. P"³° D ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO doctor #°
†Çò#ßk. consult Hê=•‹²†Çò#ßk.
We have to pay house tax this week. She has to consult the doctor this
3. g°~¡° application D~ËA „ ã x
² •‡•…˜ä½› evening.
submit K͆ǰ=•‹²†Çò#ßk. 8. "Í°=ò =¶ =îiH÷ 4 H÷.g° #_È==•‹²
You have to submit the application †Çò#ßk.
form to the principal today. We have to walk 4 Kms. to our village.
4. =¶ brother D Sunday Hyderabad …Õ 9. g°~¡ ° D work D~ËA finish
interview H÷ attend J==•‹²†Çò#ßk? K͆ǰ=•‹²†Çò#ßk.
My brother has to attend an interview You have to finish this work today.
in Hyderabad this Sunday. 10. =¶ father D ~ËA camp 䛽 "³ˆ×¤=•‹²
5. <Í#° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hard work K͆°Ç =•‹² †Çò#ßk.
†Çò#ßk. My father has to go on camp today.
I have to work hard this year.
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11. P"³° ㄬu~ËE afternoon „²•Á•ä›½ lunch EXERCISE


box f‹¬°ä›½"³ˆ×¤=•‹² †Çò#ßk.
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
She has to take lunch box for children
every afternoon.
12. "Œ~¡° D game ƒìQê practice K͆°Ç =•‹² 1. <Í#° D "Œ~¡O =¶ brother H÷ money
†Çò#ßk. „¬O„¬=•‹²=ô#ßk.
They have to practise this game well. 2. "Í ° =ò D <³ • …Õ Bank loan clear
13. g°~¡ ° =òO^Î ° Qê J`Ç x x H› • ==•‹² K͆ǰ=•‹²=ô#ßk.
†Çò#ßk. 3. h=ô text books Jxß Hù#=•‹²=ô#ßk.
You have to meet him first. 4. School Children uniform ^•ÎiOKÇ
14. P"³ ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O rest f‹¬ ° Hù#=•‹² # =•‹²=ô#ßk.
†Çò#ßk. 5. "Œ~¡° „ ã u
¬ ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ study classes H÷
She has to take rest at present. attend J==•‹²=ô#ßk.
15. <Í#° text books refer K͆°Ç =•‹²†ò
Ç #ßk. 6. J`Ç_°È sincere Qê work K͆°Ç =•‹²=ô#ßk.
I have to refer to the text books.
7. P"³° D medicine ~ËAH÷ ï~O_È°ª•~¡°Á
16. "Í ° =ò ã „ ¬ u ~ËA accounts maintain f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²=ô#ßk.
K͆ǰ=•‹²†Çò#ßk. 8. <Í#° ㄬu ~ËA =¶ „²•Á•#° school ^ÎQ®¾~¡
We have to maintain the accounts
drop K͆ǰ=•‹²=ô#ßk.
every day.
9. "Í°=ò "Œ~¡O ~ËA•HùH›ª•i report submit
17. "Í°=ò ~ËE P„¦Ô‹¬°…Õ 10 Q®OII•° „¬x K͆ǰ=•‹²=ô#ßk.
K͆ǰ=•‹²†Çò#ßk.
We have to work ten hours in our office
10. <Í#° ㄬu ~ËA manager 䛽 account
daily.
KǶ„¬=•‹²=ô#ßk.
18. g°~¡° Z„¬æ\÷H›„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ matter inform 11. J`Ç_È° "Œ¼‡•~¡ „¬#°• g°^Πㄬu~ËA
K͆ǰ=•‹²†Çò#ßk. ㄬ†Ç¶}O K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
you have to inform us the matter from 12. P"³° ㄬu~ËA 5am H÷ xã^Î …è==•‹²
time to time . =ôO@°Ok.
19. English improve KÍ‹¬°Hù#°@䛽 g°~¡° 13. J`Ç _ È ° `Ç # old parents ä› ½ serve
English magazines KÇ^°Î ==•‹²†ò
Ç #ßk. K͆ǰ=•‹²=ô#ßk.
You have to read English magazines 14. <Í#° „ã u¬ ~ËA college …Õ 10 hours teach
to improve English. K͆ǰ=•‹²=ôO@°Ok.
20. "Œ~¡° D <³•…Õ entrance test 䛽 appear 15. "Œ~¡ ° ã „ ¬ u <³ • bank ä› ½ ~¡ ¶ . 2500
J==•‹²†Çò#ßk. K³eÁOKÇ=•‹²=ô#ßk.
They have to appear for the entrance
test this month.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# =°#=ò K͆°Ç =•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡=ò …èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° J‹¬•° room H÷ rent pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
J "Í°=ò J‹¬•° taxes pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
J J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° job K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
J P"³° J‹¬•° college H÷ "³ˆ×¤#=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò …èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D ~ËA, D "Œ~¡O, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, We, You, They Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Don't have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It, Subject Qê =ô#ß„¬ô_È° 'Doesn't have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° J‹¬•° =¶WO\ÕÁ „¬xK͆ǰ=•‹²# 6. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° W`Ç~°¡ •Ì„á depend J==•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
I don't have to work in my house at They don't have to depend on other's
all. at all.
2. "Í ° =°‹¬ • ° Sunday duty H÷ attend 7. <Í#° J‹¬•° =¶ brothers 䛽 help
J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
We don't have to attend the duty on I don't have to help my brothers at
Sunday at all. all.
3. =¶ brother J‹¬•° W`Ç~¡°• ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O 8. "Í ° =ò J‹¬ • ° accounts maintain
HË~¡=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
My brother doesn't have to seek We don't have to maintain accounts
other's help. at all.
4. P"³° J‹¬•° hostel …Õ stay K͆ǰ=•‹²# 9. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° job K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. …è^ΰ.
She doesn't have to stay in the hostel He doesn't have to do job at all.
at all. 10. P"³° J‹¬•° WO\ÕÁ#°O_• |†Ç°@䛽
5. "Œ~¡ ° J‹¬ • ° tax pay KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² # ~Œ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. She does't have to come out of the
They don't have to pay tax at all. house at all.

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11. <Í # ° J‹¬ • ° maths H÷ coaching EXERCISE


f‹¬°HË=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
I don't have to take coaching for Maths
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
at all.
12. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° guides follow J==•‹²# 1. <Í#° J‹¬•° Sunday office H÷ "³ˆ×Á=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
We don't have to follow guides at all. 2. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° Z=iH© ƒ•’†°Ç „¬_= È •‹²#
13. J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° bus …èH› train •…Õ „
ã †
¬ ¶
Ç }O J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. 3. h=ô J‹¬•° D job …Õ risk f‹¬°HË=•‹²#
He doesn't have to travel by bus or J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
train. 4. J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° =¶ä›½ money „¬O„¬=•‹²#
14. <Í#° J‹¬•° <Œ studies Q®°iOz worry J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
Hê=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. 5. P"³° J‹¬•° Z=ih ‹¬OㄬkOKÇ=•‹²#
I don't have to worry about my studies
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
at all.
6. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰ=•‹²#
15. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° money J„¬C K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
We don't have to borrow money at 7. <Í#° J‹¬•° Z=iH© q=~¡} W=Þ=•‹²#
all. J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
16. P"³° J‹¬•° doctor #° consult J==•‹²# 8. "Í ° =ò J‹¬ • ° essays H› O ~” ¡ ‹ ¬ ë O
J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
She doesn't have to consult the 9. <Í#° J‹¬•° Z=i ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=•‹²#
doctor at all. J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
17. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° Z=ih care K͆ǰ=•‹²# 10. "Í°=ò class room …Õ notes "
ã Œ†Ç°=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
They don't have to care anybody at
all.
11. XH› senior lecturer book refer
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
18. <Í#° J‹¬•° JH›ø_È money Y~¡°ó Ì„@“
=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. 12. "Í ° =ò J‹¬ • ° Bank •…Õ loan
I don't have to spend money there at f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
all. 13. J`Ç _ È ° J‹¬ • ° Cell Phone use
19. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° money ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ=•‹²# K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. 14. P"³ ° ã „ ¬ u <³ • doctor #° consult
He doesn't have to earn money at all. J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
20. "Í°=ò J‹¬•° "Œi q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O 15. "Œ~¡° ㄬu q+¬†Ç°O Manager `Ë discuss
KÍ‹¬°Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
We don't have to interefere in their
matter. Z
After a storm comes calm. 256
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò#ß
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ㄬu ~ËA computer class H÷ attend J==•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
J g°~¡° ㄬu <³• report submit K͆ǰ=•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
J P"³° „ã u¬ <³• doctor #° consult J==•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
J J`Ç_È° ㄬu "Œ~¡O camp "³ˆ×¤=•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õx „¬#°•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò LO_È°@#° Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê W„¬C_È°, „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ , „ã u¬ ~ËA,
„ã u¬ "Œ~¡O, „ã u¬ <³•, „ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ LO_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Do/Does + have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, we, you, they - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Do + have to'
He, She, It - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Does + have to" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô „
ã u
¬ ~ËA office …Õ „¬k Q®O@•° work 6. "Œ~¡° govt. orders 䛽 H›@°“|_• LO_È=•‹²
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°O^¥ ? L#ß^¥ ?
Do you have to work ten hours in the Do they have to abide by the govt.
office daily ? orders?
2. h=ô D medicine ㄬu~ËA f‹¬°Hù#=•‹² 7. h=ô „ã u¬ ª•i g° grandfather H÷ `Ë_È°Qê
hospital 䛽 "³ˆ×¤=•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
L#ß^¥ ? Do you have to take this Do you have to accompany your
medicine daily? grandfather to hospital everytime ?
3. g°~¡° ㄬu q+¬†Ç°O manager `Ë discuss 8. P"³° „ã u¬ <³• doctor #° consult J==•‹²
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°O^¥? L#ß^¥ ?
Do you have to discuss every matter Does she have to consult the doctor
with the Manager ? every month ?
9. g°~¡° ㄬu <³• bank …Õ money deposit
4. g° father ㄬu"Œ~¡O camp "³ˆ×¤=•‹² K͆ǰ=•‹² L#ß^¥ ?
L#ß^¥? Does your brother have to go Do you have to deposit money in the
on camp every week ? bank every month ?
5. P"³° „
ã u
¬ =°^•¥¼‚¬ìßO „²••Á 䛽 lunch box 10. "Œ~¡° ㄬu<³• report submit K͆ǰ=•‹²
f‹¬°ä›½"³ˆ×¤=•‹² L#ß^¥ ? LO@°O^¥ ?
Does she have to take lunch box for Do they have to submit the report
every month ?
children every afternoon ?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h=ô ㄬu ~ËA duty H÷ Z„¬C_È° attend
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J==•‹² LO@°Ok ?
When do you have to attend the duty
every day ? 1. h=ô college …Õ ã„¬u ~ËA study classes
12. h=ô ㄬu <³• g° brother H÷ ZO`Ç money H÷ attend J==•‹² =ô#ß^¥?
„¬O„¬=•‹² LO@°Ok ? 2. g°~¡ ° ã „ ¬ u <³ • 5th …Õ„¬ • rent pay
Howmuch money do you have to
send your brother every month ? K͆ǰ=•‹² =ô#ß^¥?
13. g°~¡ ° office …Õ ~ËAH÷ Zxß Q® O @•° 3. J`Ç_È° ㄬu ~ËA D medicine f‹¬°Hù#
„¬xK͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok ? =•‹²=ô#ß^¥?
Howmany hours do you have to work
4. P"³° ㄬu <³• _¨H›“~Ÿ#° consult J==•‹²
in your office in a day ?
14. h=ô ㄬu Pk"Œ~¡O <³•¶Á~¡° ZO^ΰ䛽 L#ß^¥?
"³ˆ×¤=•‹² LO@°Ok ? 5. "Œ~¡° ㄬu ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O annual report
Why do you have to go to Nellore prepare K͆ǰ=•‹² L#ß^¥?
every Sunday ? 6. h=ô D ~ËA g° uncle …Õ =¶\ìÁ_È=•‹²
15. g°~¡° D scheme …Õ <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç pay
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok ? =ô#ß^¥?
Howmuch money do you have to pay 7. g°~¡° D <³• test 䛽 appear J==•‹²
in this scheme per month ? =ô#ß^¥?
16. g°~¡° "Œ~ŒxH÷ Zxß files clear K͆ǰ=•‹² 8. P†Ç°# W„¬C_È° "Œix H›•°==•‹² L#ß^¥?
LO@°Ok? 9. P"³° library membership f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²
Howmany files do you have to clear
in a week ? =ô#ß^¥ ?
17. h=ô morning U time H÷ xã^Î …è==•‹² 10. "Œ~¡° D age …Õ J`Çx„ Ì á depend J==•‹²
LO@°Ok ? =ô#ß^¥?
At what time do you have to wake up
in the morning ?
11. g°~¡° ~ËAH÷ Zxß questions <Í~°¡ óHù#=•‹²
18. h=ô duty …Õ ~ËAH÷ Zxß H÷…Õ g°@~¡°Á travel =ôO@°Ok ?
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok ? 12. h=ô ㄬu ~ËA computer class H÷ Z„¬C_È°
Howmany kilometres do you have to attend J==•‹²=ôO@°Ok ?
travel on duty in a day ? 13. XH› LIC agent <³•H÷ Zxß policies book
19. Schedule ㄬHê~¡=ò =°#=ò XH› <³•ä›½
Zxß lessons teach KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² K͆ǰ=•‹²=ôO@°Ok ?
LO@°Ok? 14. Office …Õ leave Hù~¡ ä › ½ g°~¡ ° Z=i
Howmany lessons do we have to J#°=°u HË~¡=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ?
teach according to the schedule in a 15. Inter-students U grammar book refer
month ?
20. =°#=ò JH› ø _È =òO^Î ° Qê Z=ix K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ?
H›•==•‹² LO@°Ok ?
Whom do we have to consult there
earlier ?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
=ôO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô J‹¬•° guides follow J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^¥?
J g°~¡° J‹¬•° tuition f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^¥ ?
J J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° college fee pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^¥?
J P"³° J‹¬•° P~ËQ®¼O Q®°iOz worry Hê#=‹¬~¡O …è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò …èH› J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_Èx „¬#°•#°
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=ò Qêx "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë =Ç ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# Qêx …èH› J‹¬…„ÿ æ¬ \÷H©
Qêx K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=¡ ò …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't / Does n't + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, We, You, They –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Don't have to" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It –> Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° "Doesn't have to " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô J‹¬ • ° Maths H÷ coaching 6. h=ô J‹¬ • ° g° brother H÷ money
f‹¬°H›ù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O…è^¥? „¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Don't you have to take coaching for Don't you have to send money to your
Maths at all ? brother at all?
2. g°~¡ ° J‹¬ • ° night duty H÷ attend 7. g°~¡ ° J‹¬ • ° accounts maintain
J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Don't you have to attend the night duty Don't you have to maintain the
at all? accounts at all?
3. J`Ç _ È ° J‹¬ • ° camp •ä› ½ "³ ˆ × ¤ = •‹² # 8. J`Ç_°È J‹¬•° Z=iÌ„<
á Œ P^•¥~¡„_
¬ =
È •‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Doesn't he have to go on camps at Doesn't he have to depend on others
all? at all?
4. P"³° J‹¬•° doctor #° consult J==•‹²# 9. P"³° J‹¬•° WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? =ôO_È^¥?
Doesn't she have to consult the doctor Doesn't she have to come here at all?
at all? 10. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° W`Ç~°¡ • ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO HË~¡=•‹²#
5. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° taxes K³eOÁ KÇ=•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥ ?
=ôO_È^¥? Don't they have to seek others help at
Don't they have to pay taxes at all? all?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô books refer K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why don't you have to refer to the
books? 1. h=ô J‹¬•° lessons byheart K͆ǰ=•‹²#
12. g°~¡° text books Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 2. g°~¡° J‹¬•° "Œi J#°=°u f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²#
Why don't you have to buy text books? J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
13. J`Ç_È° camp •ä›½ "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O 3. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° money Y~¡°ó Ì„@“=•‹²#
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Why doesn't he have to go on camps? 4. P"³ ° J‹¬ • ° WO\÷ #°O_• |†Ç ° @ä› ½
14. P"³° medicines f‹¬°H›ù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ=•‹¬²# J=‹¬~¡OLO_È^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? 5. "Œ~¡ ° J‹¬ • ° „¦ ¬ e `Œ• Q® ° iOz worry
Why doesn't she have to take J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
medicines?
6. h=ô J‹¬•° money J„¬C K͆ǰ=•‹²#
15. "Œ~¡ ° notes ã " Œ†Ç ° =•‹² # J=‹¬ ~ ¡ O J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 7. "Œ~¡° J‹¬•° rice Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
Why don't they have to write notes?
=ôO_È^¥?
16. h=ô H›+¬“„¬_È=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 8. h=ô J‹¬•° "Œi ‹¬•‚¬ð f‹¬°HË=•‹²#
…è^ΰ? J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Why don't you have to work hard?
9. J`Ç _ È ° J‹¬ • ° |‹¬ ° •…Õ ã „ ¬ † Ç ¶ }O
17. g°~¡° project report `dž¶
Ç ~¡° K͆°Ç =•‹²# K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽=ôO_È^ΰ ?
Why don't you have to prepare the
10. P"³° J‹¬•° study classes 䛽 "³ˆ×¤#=‹¬~¡O
project report? =ôO_È^¥?
18. "Œ~¡ ° J‹¬ • ° ‡Ú•O…Õ fertilizers use 11. g°~¡° entrance test 䛽 appear J==•‹²#
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why don't they have to use fertilizers 12. J`ÇxH÷ job K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ ZO^ΰ䛽
in the field? …è^ΰ?
19. g°~¡° J‹¬•° games practise K͆°Ç =•‹²# 13. P"³° J‹¬•° reports `džǶ~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why don't you have to practise 14. h=ô J‹¬•° cell phone use K͆ǰ=•‹²#
games? J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
20. J`ÇxH÷ J‹¬•° money ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ=•‹²# 15. "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° J`Çx q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? KÍ‹¬°Hù# =•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^¥?
Why doesn't he have to earn money
at all? Z
Anger without power is folly. 260
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Have to / Has to' Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò Hêh, ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê Qêh XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Have to / Has to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I have to work ten hours daily. 4. They have to consult the Manager every Monday.
3. He has to go on camp every week. 2. We have to pay rent on 5th every month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò Hêh, J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© Hêh XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I don't have to take any risk in my job.
2. We don't have to attend the duty on Sundays.
3. He doesn't have to care anyone.
4. They don't have to show any guarantee.
3. QUESTION FORM :
„¬‹¬°ë`Ç=ò Hêh, ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê Qêh XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Do / Does + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Do you have to speak English in your college?
2. Do you have to discuss every matter with your Manager?
3. Does he have to lookafter his business?
4. Does she have to take this medicine daily?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
„¬‹¬°ë`Ç=ò Hêh, J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© Hêh XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the
Verb"L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Don't you have to go on camps at all?
2. Don't you have to wake up early in the morning?
3. Doesn't he have to know the details every time?
4. Don't they have to encourage him?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

521. Seem seemed seemed JQ®°„¬_È°@


522. Seize seized seized „¬@°“H›ù#°@
523. Separate separated separated "Í~¡°K͆Çò@
524. Serve served served À‹=K͆Çò@
525. Settle settled settled ‹²Ö~¡„¬_È°@,
=°^μ=ië`ÇÞ=ò K͆Çò@
526. Sharpen sharpened sharpened „¬^ΰ#°Ì„@°“@
527. Shift shifted shifted =¶~¡°ó@
528. Shiver shivered shivered =}°ä›½@
529. Simplify simplified simplified ‹¬°•ƒ•’=òK͆òÇ @
530. Sip sipped sipped „Ô•°ó@
531. Slip slipped slipped *ì~¡°@, *ì~¡q_È°KÇ°@
532. Smash smashed smashed „¬Q®°•Qù@°“
533. Smear smeared smeared „¬î†Çò@
534. Snatch snatched snatched …ìQ®°H›ù#°@
535. Sneeze sneezed sneezed `Ç°=òà@
536. Snore snored snored Q®°~¡H› Ì„@°“@
537. Soak soaked soaked <Œ#ƒÿ@°“@
538. Sob sobbed sobbed "³H÷ø "³H÷ø U_È°ó@
539. Solicite solicited solicited "Í_°È Hù#°, ‡ã •iÖOKÇ°@
540. Solve solved solved „¬i+¬øiOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
262 A thief thinks that everyone steals.
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HAD TO
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò =zó# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß sudden Qê <³•¶Á~¡° "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =zó#k.
J "Í°=ò last week special class H÷ attend Hê=•‹² =zó#k.
J =¶ sister last year studies discontinue K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
J =¶ brother last Sunday interview H÷ attend Hê=•‹² =zó#k.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò =zó# XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Had to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Had to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß urgent „¬xg°^Î =¶ native 6. "Œ~¡° last month sudden Qê P house
place "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =zó#k. vacate K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
I had to go to our native place on some They had to vacate that house
urgent work. suddenly last month.
2. "Í°=ò x#ß Bank Manager #° consult 7. "Í°=ò last month money J„¬C K͆°Ç =•‹²
J==•‹² =zó#k. =zó#k.
We had to consult the Bank Manager We had to borrow money last month.
yesterday. 8. =¶ father x#ß bank #°Oz ~¡¶. 10,000
3. =¶ brother last month job H÷ resign withdraw K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k. My father had to withdraw Rs. 10,000
My brother had to resign to his job from the bank yesterday.
last month. 9. "Í°=ò x#ß =~¡Â=ò=•# programme
4. P"³° last week hospital …Õ LO_È=•‹² cancel K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
=zó#k. We had to cancel the programme due
She had to stay in the hospital last to rain yesterday.
week. 10. "Œ~¡° x#ß g°\÷OQ· postpone K͆ǰ=•‹²
5. <Í#° x#ß =¶ friends H÷ help K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
=zó#k. They had to postpone the meeting
I had to help my friends yesterday. yesterday.

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11. <Í#° =¶ grandfather 䛽 `Ë_È°Qê x#ß EXERCISE


<³•¶Á~¡° "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =zó#k.
I had to accompany my grandfather D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
to Nellore yesterday.
12. "Í ° =ò Q® ` Ç ~ Œã u =¶ friends WO\ÕÁ 1. <Í#° x#ß Exam fee pay K͆ǰ=•‹²
Q®_È„¬=•‹² =zó#k. =zó#k.
We had to spend in our friends house
last night.
2. "Í°=ò Last week bank …Õ Rs. 2500
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
13. "Œ~¡° Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O business …Õ KŒ…ì 3. "Í°=ò x#ß P village H÷ 5 Kms #_È°=
#+¬“O face K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
They had to face heavy loss in =•‹² =zó#k.
business last year. 4. P†Ç ° # Q® ` Ç Zxß H › • =òO^Î ° ‡•s“
14. =¶ cousin last year studies discontinue =¶~¡=•‹² =zó#k.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k. 5. =¶ lecturers last year special classes
My cousin had to discontinue her f‹¬°Hù#=•‹² =zó#k.
studies last year. 6. x#ß journey …Õ "Í°=ò KŒ…ì risk face
15. "Í ° =ò x#ß P train …Õ ordinary K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
compartment …Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}O K͆ǰ=•‹² 7. "Í°=ò last time Group-2 „¬sH›Æ䛽 Hyd.
=zó#k. …Õ coaching f‹¬°Hù#=•‹² =zó#k.
We had to travel in the ordinary
compartment in the train yesterday. 8. "Œ~¡° x#ß P"³°#° hospital …Õ admit
16. last year <Í # ° Maths H÷ HËzOQ· K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
f‹¬°HË=•‹² =zó#k. 9. "Œ~¡° last month family Nellore H÷ shift
I had to take coaching for Mathematics K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
last year. 10. "Í°=ò x#ß "Œi ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=•‹²
17. "Í°=ò x#ß principal HË‹¬O two hours wait =zó#k.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k. 11. <Í#° x#ß text books Hù#=•‹² =zó#k.
We had to wait for the principal two 12. =¶ brother last year hostel …Õ stay
hours yesterday.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
18. <Í#° x#ß office H÷ leave apply K͆°Ç =•‹² 13. P"³° x#ß guests 䛽 special items
=zó#k.
I had to apply for leave to office
`džǶ~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k.
yesterday. 14. <Í#° last Sunday Bangalore …Õ XH›
19. "Í°=ò x#ß P q+¬†Ç°O =¶ father `Ë seminar …Õ participate KÍ † Ç ° =•‹²
discuss K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k. =zó#k.
We had to discuss that matter with my 15. P"³ ° last month Hyderabad Care
father yesterday. hospital …Õ treatment ‡ÚO^Î = •‹²
20. "Œ~¡° last year "Œi house J=°à=•‹² =zó#k.
=zó#k.
They had to sell their house last year.
Z
Be a Roman when you are in Rome. 264
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß office H÷ "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
J "Í°=ò last year entrance test 䛽 appear J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
J =¶ brother studies discontinue K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
J P"³° last year donation pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Didn't + have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular Plural U^³á##¶ 'Didn't have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß J`Çxx H›•°= =•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O 6. <Í#° x#ß penalty K³eOÁ KÇ=•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
~Œ…è^ΰ. H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
I did not have to meet him yesterday. I did not have to pay penalty
2. "Í ° =ò last year entrance test H÷ yesterday.
coaching f‹¬°HË=•‹²# J=‹¬~O ¡ ~Œ…è^°Î . 7. "Í ° =ò x#ß P =îiH÷ #_È ° ==•‹² #
We did not have to take coaching for
the entrance test last year.
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
We did not have to walk to that village
3. =¶ brother last time job H÷ resign
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ. yesterday.
My brother did not have to resign to 8. P"³ ° x#ß P„¦ Ô ‹ ¬ ° H÷ leave apply
his job last year. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
4. P"³° last month hospital …Õ LO_È=•‹²# She did not have to apply for leave to
J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. the office yesterday.
She did not have to stay in the
hospital last month.
9. <Í # ° last month money J„¬ C
5. "Œ~¡ ° last month house vacate K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. I did not have to borrow money last
They did not have to vacate the house month.
last month.
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EXERCISE
10. "Í°=ò last year WH›ø_È problem face
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We did not have to face this problem
here last year.
11. "Œ~¡ ° last month class ä› ½ attend 1. <Í # ° x#ß JH› ø _È J`Ç x `Ë stay
Hê=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
They did not have to attend the 2. "Í°=ò last month JH›ø_È䛽 "³ˆ×¤=•‹²#
classes last month. J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
12. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° licence ‡ÚO^Î = •‹² # 3. P"³° J„¬VC_È° D course K͆ǰ=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
We did not have to get the licence
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
then. 4. "Œ~¡° Q®`ÇO…Õ night duty H÷ attend
13. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° job K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. 5. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß JH› ø _È "Œix receive
He did not have to do job then. KÍ‹¬°Hù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
14. <Í#° last year hostel …Õ KÍ~¡=•‹²# 6. <Í#° last time WO`Ç syllabus prepare
J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
I did not have to join hostel last year.
15. "Í°=ò Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O entrance test 䛽 7. "Í ° =ò last year donation pay
appear J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
We did not have to appear for the 8. P†Ç°# Q®`Ç ZxßH›•…Õ ïQ•°„¬ôHË‹¬O
entrance test last year. Zä› ½ ø= amount Y~¡ ° ó Ì „ @“ = •‹² #
16. <Í#° x#ß J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ. 9. P"³ ° x#ß "ŒiH÷ =°~¡ • explain
I did not have to seek his help
yesterday.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
17. "Í ° =ò "Œi`Ë D q+¬ † Ç ° O discuss 10. "Œ~¡ ° last week P programme …Õ
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ. ‡•…ç¾#=•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ H›•°Q®…^ è °Î .
We did not have to discuss this 11. <Í # ° D job HË‹¬ O Zä› ½ ø=
matter with them. H›+¬“„¬_È=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
18. J`Ç_È° last time training ‡ÚO^Î=•‹²# 12. "Í°=ò last year P town H÷ family shift
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
He did not have to undergo training
last time.
13. h=ô last year private college …Õ
19. "Œ~¡° Z䛽ø= amount invest K͆°Ç =•‹²# KÍ~¡=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ. 14. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° Wxß subjects
They did not have to invest much KÇ^ΰ==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
amount. 15. P†Ç°# x#ß WH›ø_Èä½› ~Œ=•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
20. <Í # ° x#ß JH› ø _È "ŒiHË‹¬ O wait H›•°Q®…è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^ΰ.
I did not have to wait for them there
yesterday. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò =zó#
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß K³<³áß "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
J g°~¡° x#ß meeting postpone K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
J J`Ç_È° last month money J„¬C K͆ǰ=•‹²=zó#^¥ ?
J P"³° last week heart specialist #° consult J==•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò =zó# XH›
„¬xx Q®¶ió ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò =zó# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Did + have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Did + have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g°~¡° programme cancel K͆°Ç =•‹² 6. h=ô x#ß g° brother H÷ money „¬O„¬=•‹²
=zó#^¥ ? =zó#^¥ ?
Did you have to cancel the Did you have to send money to your
programme yesterday ? brother yesterday ?
2. Last week g°~¡° Ì‹q°<Œ~Ÿ…Õ participate 7. P"³ ° last year studies discontinue
K͆ǰ=•‹²=zó#^¥ ? K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
Did you have to participate in the Did she have to discontinue her
seminar last week ? studies last year ?
3. g° brother last year private college …Õ 8. g°~¡° x#ß J`Çx HË‹¬O KŒ…ì À‹„¬ô wait
join J==•‹²=zó#^¥ ? K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
Did your brother have to join private Did you have to wait for him for a long
college last year ? time yesterday ?
4. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß J`Ç x H÷ help KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² 9. "Œ~¡° last year P house sale K͆°Ç =•‹²
=zó#^¥ ? =zó#^¥ ?
Did they have to help him yesterday ? Did they have to sell that house last
5. g°~¡ ° last time bank #°O_• loan year ?
f‹¬°HË=•‹² =zó#^¥ ? 10. g°~¡° x#ß D q+¬†Ç°O JO`Œ J`ÇxH÷
Did you have to take loan from the explain K͆ǰ=•‹²=zó#^¥ ?
bank last time ? Did you have to explain this matter to
him yesterday ?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. g°~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È Z=ix consult J==•‹² D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
=zó#k ?
Whom did you have to consult there
yesterday ? 1. g°~¡° x#ß P TiH÷ #_Èz "³ˆ×¤=•‹²
12. g°~¡° last time P problem Z…ì solve =zó#^¥ ?
K͆ǰ=•‹²=zó#k ? 2. h=ô last month comp "³ˆ¤= × •‹² =zó#^¥?
How did you have to solve that
problem last time ? 3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° P job =^Ε°Hù#=•‹²
13. g°~¡° sudden Qê P house ZO^ΰ䛽 =zó#^¥ ?
vacate K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ? 4. P"³° x#ß guests HË‹¬O =°~¡• cook
Why did you have to vacate that K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥?
house suddenly ? 5. "Œ~¡° last month sudden Qê P house
14. ~Œã u g°~¡ ° ZH› ø _È stay KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² vacate K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
=zó#k? 6. h=ô x#ß =°~¡• Manager #° consult
Where did you have to stay last night?
15. h=ô last year M.C.A. course H÷ ZO`Ç J==•‹²=zó#^¥ ?
donation pay K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ? 7. P†Ç°# x#ß court …Õ ‚¬ð[~¡° J==•‹²
Howmuch donation did you have to =zó#^¥?
pay for MCA course last year ? 8. g°~¡ ° P"³ ° #° hospital …Õ admit
16. g°~¡° x#ß meeting ZO^ΰ䛽 postpone K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ? 9. P"³ ° ~Œã u P WO\ÕÁ XO@iQê stay
Why did you have to postpone the
meeting yesterday ?
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#^¥ ?
17. g°~¡° last time P"³°#° ZH›ø_È admit 10. "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È trouble face K͆ǰ=•‹²
K͆ǰ=•‹²=zó#k ? =zó#^¥ ?
Where did you have to admit her last 11. h=ô last Sunday Guntur ZO^Î ° ä› ½
time ? "³ˆ×¤=•‹² =zó#k ?
18. g°~¡ ° last time Zxß <³ • • tH› Æ } 12. g°~¡° bank #°O_• x#ß ZO`Ç amount
‡ÚO^Î=•‹² =zó#k ? withdraw K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ?
Howmany months did you have to
undergo training last time ? 13. J`Ç_È° last year P course …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽
19. P"³ ° last year studies ZO^Î ° ä› ½ KÍ~¡=•‹² =zó#k ?
discontinue K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ? 14. P"³° last time U subject H÷ coaching
Why did she have to discontinue her f‹¬°Hù#=•‹² =zó#k ?
studies last year ?
15. J`Ç_È° last time Zxß ~ËA•° hospital …Õ
20. g°~¡° last month money ZO^ΰ䛽 J„¬C stay K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k?
K͆ǰ=•‹² =zó#k ?
Why did you have to borrow money
last month ? Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ Xä›~°¡
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß college H÷ "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J g°~¡° last month bill pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° D course K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° P W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=¡ ò …èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Didn't + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Didn't + have to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g°~¡° JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›•°==•‹²# 5. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° business …Õ invest
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥? K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O~Œ…è^¥?
Didn't you have to meet him there Didn't they have to invest in the
yesterday? business then?
2. g°~¡° last month penalty pay K͆°Ç =•‹²# 6. g°~¡° XH›„¬C_È° D house H÷ rent pay
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥? K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O~Œ…è^¥?
Didn't you have to pay penalty last Didn't you have to pay rent for this
month? house once?
3. J`Ç_È° last week office H›÷ "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# 7. h=ô XH›„¬C_È° job K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥? ~Œ…è^¥?
Didn't he have to go to office last week? Didn't you have to do job once?
4. P"³ ° J„¬ C _È ° "ŒiO\ÕÁ LO_È = •‹² # 8. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° "Œi`Ë discuss K͆°Ç =•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥? J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥ ?
Didn't she have to stay in their house
Didn't you have to discuss with them
then?
then ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


9. x#ß g°~¡° bill pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why didn't you have to pay the bill
yesterday?
1. h=ô x#ß JH› ø _È "Œi HË‹¬ O wait
10. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° coaching f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²# K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ? 2. g°~¡ ° last month college fee pay
Why didn't you have to take coaching K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
then? 3. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° money ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ=•‹²#
11. J`ÇxH÷ J„¬C_È° job K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽 H›•Q®…è^ΰ?
Why didn't he have to do job then? 4. P"³ ° J„¬ C _È ° g° WO\ÕÁ =ôO_È = •‹² #
12. P"³ ° x#ß duty H÷ attend J==•‹² # J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ? 5. "Œ~¡ ° last year tax K³ e Á O KÇ = •‹² #
Why didn't she have to attend the duty J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
yesterday?
6. h=ô x#ß J`Ç x H÷ help KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² #
13. "Œ~¡° last time voting …Õ ‡•…ç¾#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why didn't they have to partcipate in 7. g°~¡° last time "Œi ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=•‹²#
the voting last time? J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
14. h=ô x#ß ticket Hù#=•‹² # J=‹¬ ~ ¡ O 8. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° P house vacate
ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
Why didn't you have to buy the ticket
yesterday?
9. J`Ç_È° x#ß camp "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
15. g°~¡ ° last month classes H÷ attend ~Œ…è^¥?
J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ? 10. P"³° J„¬C_È° "ŒiÌ„á P^•¥~¡„¬_È=•‹²#
Why didn't you have to attend the J=‹¬~¡O ~Œ…è^¥?
classes last month? 11. h=ô x#ß duty H÷ attend Hê=•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
16. J`Ç_È° last year donation K³eÁOKÇ=•‹²# ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^ΰ?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 H›•°Q®…è^ΰ?
Why didn't he have to pay donation last 12. g°~¡ ° last time business …Õ attend
year? K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ?
17. x#ß interview …Õ J`Ç_È° certificates 13. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _È ° training ‡ÚO^Î = •‹² #
present K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ?
~Œ…è^ΰ? 14. g°~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° English <Í ~ ¡ ° ó H Ë=•‹² #
Why didn't he have to present the
certificates in the interview yesterday?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ?
18. g°~¡ ° last month J`Ç x H÷ money 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° entrance test •ä›½ appear
„¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽~Œ…è^ΰ? J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why didn't you have to send him
money last month?
Z
God gives every bird its food but doesnot throw it into the nest. 270
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Had to + I form of the Verb' J#°
structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx Past necessary action JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#°
4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò =ôO_•# XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Had to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I had to go to Chennai last week. 2. He had to join a private college last year.
3. We had to help him yesterday. 4. They had to deposit Rs. 10,000 last time.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=¡ ò =ôO_Èx XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Did not + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I did not have to meet him yesterday.
2. We did not have to take permission.
3. He did not have to apply for leave yesterday.
4. They did not have to stay here last night.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~= ¡ ò =ôO_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz

ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Did + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Did you have to consult the doctor yesterday?
2. Did he have to appear for the test last month?
3. Did she have to go to hospital yesterday?
4. Did they have to take coaching last time?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò =ôO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Didn't + have to + I form of the
Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Didn't you have to pay rent then?
2. Didn't he have to come here yesterday?
3. Didn't she have to stay in the hospital last time?
4. Didn't they have to buy the tickets yesterday?

271
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28 DAY (ADDING)
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

541 Specify specified specified ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@


542 Sprinkle sprinkled sprinkled z•H›iOKÇ°@
543 Stab stabbed stabbed ‡Ú_ÈKÇ°@
544 Stammer stammered stammered #uëQê =¶\ìÁ_È°@
545 Stamp stamped stamped =òã^Î"͆Çò@
546 Stare stared stared `ÍiKǶKÇ°@
547 Start started started |†Ç°•°^Í~¡°@
548 Starve starved starved „¬‹¬°ëO_È°@
549 Stay stayed stayed LO_È°@
550 Stitch stitched stitched 䛽@°“@
551 Stoop stooped stooped =òO^ΰ䛽 =OQ®°@
552 Stop stopped stopped P„¬ô@
553 Strengthen strengthened strengthened |…ÕÀ„`Ç=ò K͆Çò@
554 Submit submitted submitted X„¬æyOKÇ°@
555 Succumb succumbed succumbed …Õ|_È°, =°~¡}÷OKÇ°@
556 Suck sucked sucked „Ô•°ó@
557 Suffer suffered suffered ƒì^•Î J#°ƒ•’qOKÇ°@
558 Suggest suggested suggested ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@
559 Summon summoned summoned „²•=#O„¬ô@
560 Supervise supervised supervised „¬~¡¼"ÍH÷ÆOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
272 Little enemies and little wounds are not to be despised.
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WILL HAVE TO
XHùøH›øª•i ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò =ôO_È° XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° ö~„¬ô office 䛽 early Qê "³ˆ×¤=•‹² LO@°Ok.
J g°~¡° next week …Õ„¬• D work „¬îië K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
J =°#=ò ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ money pay K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
J =¶ brother next year hostel …Õ stay K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò =ôO_È° XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò…èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò#ß
XH›„¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have to + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ "will have to" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° next Monday Hyderabad "³ˆ×¤=•‹² 6. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·ä›½ attend J==•‹²
LO@°Ok. LO@°Ok.
I willhave to go to Hyderabad next They will have to attend the meeting
Monday. tomorrow.
2. "Í ° =ò =KÍ ó " Œ~¡ O exam fee pay 7. <Í # ° D report =KÍ ó " Œ~¡ O P„¦ Ô ‹ ¬ ° …Õ
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok. submit K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
We will have to pay the exam fee next I will have to submit this report in the
week . office next week.
3. g°~¡° =°~¡• XH›ª•i principal #° consult 8. "Í°=ò D work next week complete
J==•‹² LO@°Ok. K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
You will have to consult the principal We will have to complete this work
again. next week.
4. =¶ brother selection `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç XH› <³• 9. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P house vacate K͆°Ç =•‹²
training ‡ÚO^Î=•‹² LO@°Ok. LO@°Ok.
My brother will have to undergo They will have to vacate that house
training for one month after the soon.
selection. 10. h=ô JH› ø _È KŒ…ì problems face
5. P"³° WOHùH› <³•~ËA•° D medicine K͆ǰ=•‹² =‹¬°ëOk.
f‹¬°HË=•‹² LO@°Ok. You will have to face many problems
She will have to take this medicine for there.
one more month.

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11. J`Ç _ È ° next year KŒ…ì hard work EXERCISE


K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
He will have to work hard next year. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
12. P"³° =KÍó ï~O_È° <³••° „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ prepare
J==•‹² LO@°Ok. 1. <Í#° next Sunday interrew H÷ attend
She will have to prepare for the exams
next two months.
J==•‹² LO@°Ok.
13. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê licence ‡ÚO^Î=•‹² 2. "Í°=ò next year English …Õ Phonetics
LO@°Ok. <Í~¡°óHù#=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
They will have to get the licence 3. =°#=ò WH›g°^Î@ KŒ…ì sincere Qê
earlier. work K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
14. ö~„¬ô <Í#° "ŒiH÷ `Ë_È°Qê K³<³áß "³ˆ×Á=•‹² 4. =¶ brother visa HË‹¬O apply K͆°Ç =•‹²
LO@°Ok. =ôO@°Ok.
I will have to acompany them to 5. P"³° =KÍó 6 <³••…Õ D course „¬îië
Chennai tomorrow.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
15. =°#=ò D ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° =òO^ΰQê solve
6. g°~¡° =òO^ΰQê "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok.
We will have to solve this problem inform K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
earlier. 7. <Í#° "Œi`Ë ~Œr „¬_È=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
16. "Œ~¡° D business …Õ ‹¬°=¶~¡° ~¡¶. 5 8. =°#=ò D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ JO^Î i
•H›Æ•° invest K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°Ok. ‹¬‚¬ìHê~¡O ‡ÚO^Î=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
They will have to invest Rs. 5 lakhs in 9. P"³° lecturer post ‡ÚO^ΰ@䛽 M.Phil
this business.
K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
17. =°#=ò ~ö „¬ô railway station ^ÎQ~¾® ¡ guests 10. ‡éb‹¬° "Œ~¡° [†Í°Oã^Î case KŒ…ì
#° receive KÍ‹¬°Hù#=•‹² LO@°Ok. *ìãQ®`ÇëQê deal K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
We will have to receive the guests at
the railway station tomorrow. 11. =°#=ò JH› ø _È "Œi`Ë Hùxß
18. g°~¡° =¶ä›½ ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_È =‹¬u H›eæOKÇ=•‹² q+¬ † Ç ° =ò•…Õ adjust J==•‹²
LO@°Ok. =ôO@°Ok.
You will have to provide us the 12. q^͉§•ä›½ "³ˆ×ä@䛽 h=ô English ƒìQê
accommodation there tomorrow. <Í~¡°óHù#=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
19. h=ô h worth prove KÍ ‹ ¬ ° HË=•‹² 13. g°~¡ ° =òO^Î ° Qê Rs. 1000/-
LO@°Ok. K³eÁOKÇ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok.
You will have to prove your worth. 14. P"³° ö~„¬ô guests #° ƒìQê treat K͆ǰ
20. "Œ~¡ ° ï ~ O_È ° <³ • •…Õ D KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² =•‹²=ôO@°Ok.
=ôO@°Ok. 15. ~ö „¬ô ~Œã+“¬ |O^£…Õ =°#O^Î~O¡ ‡•…ç¾#
They will have to clear this loan in two
months. =•‹² =ôO@°Ok.

Z
A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 274
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò
LO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
J g°~¡° next month bill pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
J =°#=ò D ª•i J`Çx„Ì á depend J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
J J`Ç_È° WH› D medicine f‹¬°HË=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ ò LO_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í°W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡ LO_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will not have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will not have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° ö~„¬ô P„¦Ô‹¬°ä›½ "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O 6. h=ô ö ~ „¬ ô "ŒiH÷ `Ë_È ° Qê "³ ˆ × ¤ = •‹² #
…è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
I will not have to go to office tomorrow. You will not have to accompany them
2. "Í ° =ò WH› g °^Î @ house tax pay tomorrow.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. 7. J`Ç _ È ° WH› g °^Î @ =¶ä› ½ money
We will not have to pay house tax here „¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
after. He will not have to send us money
3. g°~¡ ° WH› # °Oz D problem face hereafter.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. 8. "Œ~¡ ° WH› g °^Î @ WH› ø _È ä › ½ ~Œ=•‹² #
You will not have to face this problem J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
hereafter. They will not have to come here
4. =¶ brother WH›#°Oz night duty H÷ hereafter.
attend J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. 9. <Í#° WH›g°^Î@ J`Çx„
Ì á P^•¥~¡„_
¬ È =•‹²#
My brother will not have to attend the J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
night duty hereafter. I won't have to depend on him
5. P"³ ° WH› # °Oz D private job hereafter.
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ. 10. "Í ° =ò WH› g °^Î @ J`Ç x ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O
She will not have to do this private HË~¡=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ.
job hereafter. We won't have to seek his help
hereafter.
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11. g°~¡° WH› #°Oz J`ÇxH÷ ƒ•’†°Ç „¬_=


È •‹²# EXERCISE
J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
You won't have to fear to him D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
hereafter.
12. P"³ ° next two weeks college H÷
"³ˆ×¤#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. 1. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô leave apply KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² #
She won't have to go to college next J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
two weeks. 2. g°~¡° WH› =¶ä›½ help K͆ǰ#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
13. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È stay KÍ † Ç ° =•‹² # 3. P†Ç°# WH› =°=òà•#° ‡é+²OKÇ=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O …è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
They won't have to stay there
tomorrow. 4. P"³ ° ö ~ „¬ ô =¶`Ë Nellore ä› ½
14. <Í#° WH› D medicine f‹¬°HË=•‹²# ~Œ#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° WH› =¶ä›½ Ug° pay K͆ǰ=•‹²#
I won't have to take this medicine J=‹¬~¡O LO_È^ΰ.
hereafter. 6. <Í#° =°~¡• test 䛽 prepare J==•‹²#
15. "Í°=ò =°~¡• J`Çxx H›•°=#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
We won't have to meet him again. 7. "Í ° =ò ö ~ „¬ ô Maths class H÷ attend
16. h=ô <Œä›½ „¬^Í„¬^Í remind K͆ǰ#=‹¬~¡O J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
…è^ΰ. 8. g°~¡ ° =¶ä› ½ JH› ø _È =‹¬ u
You will not have to remind me again
and again.
H›eæOKÇ#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
17. J`Ç_È° WH› Z=ih care K͆ǰ=•‹²# 9. J`Ç _ È ° ö ~ „¬ ô document Ì „ á sign
J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
He won't have to care anyone 10. P"³° WH› notes prepare K͆ǰ=•‹²#
hereafter. J=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ.
18. P"³ ° `Ç # pass Q® ° iOz worry 11. "Í°=ò D <³•…Õ WOH› Ug° Hù#=•‹²#
Hê#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
She won't have to worry about her
12. =¶ brother H÷ <Í#° next month #°O_•
pass.
money „¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
19. "Œ~¡ ° nexttime =¶ä› ½ support
13. "Œ~¡° WH› #°Oz electricity bill pay
K͆ǰ#=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
They won't have to support us next K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
time. 14. g°~¡° WH› WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ#=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
20. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô =¶ HË‹¬O wait K͆ǰ=•‹²# 15. J`Ç_È° =°~¡• "Œi permission f‹¬°Hù#
J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ. =•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ.
You won't have to wait for us
tomorrow. Z
Barking dogs seldom bite. 276
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_È°
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ö~„¬ô g° T~¡° "³ˆ×¤=•‹² LO@°O^¥ ?
J g°~¡° next Sunday test ã"Œ†Ç°=•‹² LO@°O^¥ ?
J J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô Manager #° consult J==•‹² LO@°O^¥ ?
J P"³° =°~¡• WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=•‹² LO@°O^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_È°
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ, ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ …èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx
=°i†Í°W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=ò#ß XH› „¬xx
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will + have to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : I, We, subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Shall + have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.


You, He, She, It, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Will + have to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô =°~¡ … WH› ø _È ä › ½ ~Œ=•‹² 6. h=ô WH› #°Oz g° business
LO@°O^¥? KǶ‹¬°Hù#=•‹²=ôO@°O^¥ ?
Shall I have to come here again ? Will you have to look after your
2. =°#=ò next week exam fee pay business hereafter ?
K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°O^¥? 7. P"³ ° next year university …Õ
Shall we have to pay exam fee next KÇ^ΰ==•‹²=ôO@°O^¥ ?
week ? Will she have to study in the university
3. g°~¡° next week ‡•s“ Hê~¡¼ãH›=°=ò…Õ next year ?
participate K͆ǰ=•‹² LO@°O^¥? 8. h=ô ~ö „¬ô g° parents 䛽 `Ë_È°Qê g° T~¡°
Will you have to participate in the "³ˆ×¤=•‹²=ôO@°O^¥ ?
party programme next week ? Will you have to accompany your
4. g° brother next month Hyderabad …Õ parents to your village tomorrow ?
training ‡ÚO^Î=•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ? 9. P"³° next month 䛕_¨ D medicine
Will your brother have to undergo f‹¬°Hù#=•‹²=ôO@°O^¥ ?
training in Hyderabad next week ? Will she have to take this medicine
5. "Œ~¡° =KÍó <³• loan clear K͆ǰ=•‹² next month also ?
=ôO@°O^¥ ? 10. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È guests #° receive
Will they have to clear the loan next KÍ‹¬°Hù#=•‹²=ôO@°O^¥ ?
month ? Will they have to receive the guests
there tomorrow ?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. ~ö „¬ô =°#=ò magager #° ZH›ø_È consult D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J==•‹²=ôO@°Ok ?
Where shall we have to consult the
Manager tomorrow ? 1. <Í # ° ö ~ „¬ ô duty H÷ attend J==•‹²
12. =°#=ò D loan Z„¬C_È° clear K͆°Ç =•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ?
=ôO@°Ok ? 2. "Í ° =ò =°~¡ • manager #° consult
When shall we have to clear this loan? J==•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ?
13. g°~¡° WOHê Zxß ~ËA•° classes 䛽 3. =°#=ò D work D ~Ë*è finish
attend J==•‹²=ôO@°Ok ?
Howmany more days will you have to
K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ?
attend the classes ?
4. g°~¡ ° next month D house Mìm
14. h=ô =°~¡ • Chennai Z„¬ C _È ° K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ?
"³ˆ×¤=•‹²=ôO@°Ok ? 5. J`Ç_È° =°~¡• ö~„¬ô WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=•‹²
When will you have to go to Chennai =ôO@°O^¥ ?
again ? 6. P"³° certificates enclose K͆ǰ=•‹²
15. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È meeting …Õ Uq° =ôO@°O^¥?
discuss K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ? 7. "Œ~¡ ° ö ~ „¬ ô penalty K³ e Á O KÇ = •‹²
What will they have to discuss in the =ôO@°O^¥ ?
meeting tomorrow ? 8. g°~¡° next June …Õ entrance test 䛽
16. =°#=ò =òO^ΰQê ZO`Ç amount deposit appear J==•‹² =ôO@°O^¥?
K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ?
Howmuch amount shall we have to
9. J`Ç_°È ~ËA䛽 10 Q®O@•° „¬xK͆°Ç =•‹²
deposit first ? =ôO@°O^¥ ?
17. Degree `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç g° brother U course 10. P"³ ° next year hostel …Õ stay …Õ
K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ? K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°O^¥ ?
Which course will your brother have 11. "Œ~¡° D report ZH›ø_È submit K͆ǰ
to do after Degree ? =•‹²=ôO@°Ok ?
18. h=ô D college …Õ WOHê Zxß ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•° 12. g°~¡° D course 䛽 ZO`Ç donation pay
KÇ^ΰ==•‹²=ôO@°Ok ? K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok?
Howmany more years will you have 13. =°#=ò JH›ø_•H÷ =°~¡• Z„¬C_È° "³ˆ¤= × •‹²
to study in this college ?
=ôO@°Ok ?
19. g° brother army …Õ WOHê Zxß 14. =°#=ò Delhi KÍ~°¡ Hù#°@䛽 train …Õ Zxß
‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ•° work K͆°Ç =•‹² =ôO@°Ok?
Howmany more years will your brother
~ËA•° ㄬ†Ç°}O K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ?
have to work in the army ? 15. "³ e QùO_È project construction „¬ î ië
20. Orders HË‹¬O =°#=ò WOHê Zxß ~ËA•° K͆ǰ@䛽 Zxß crores Y~¡°ó K͆ǰ=•‹²
wait K͆ǰ=•‹² =ôO@°Ok ? =ôO@°Ok.
Howmany more days shall we have
to wait for the orders ? Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
=ôO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ö~„¬ô leave apply K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_È^¥?
J g°~¡° rent pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^¥?
J J`Ç_°È D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hostel …Õ LO_È=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡OLO_È^¥?
J "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°~¡• licence ‡ÚO^Î=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=¡ ò
…èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Won't + have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject I, We J~ò#„¬C_È° "Shalln't have to" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Subject He, She, It, They J~ò#„¬C_È° "Won't have to " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È "Œix H› • °==•‹² # 6. h=ô next month g° brother H÷ money
J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? „¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
Won't you have to meet them there Won't you have to send money to your
tomorrow? brother next month?
2. g°~¡ ° next week report submit 7. g°~¡° WH› WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? =ôO_È^¥?
Won't you have to submit the report Won't you have to come here
hereafter?
next week?
3. J`Ç _ È ° next year donation pay 8. J`Ç_È° ö~„¬ô "ŒiH÷ `Ë_È°Qê "³ˆ×¤=•‹²#
J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥?
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? Won't he have to accompany them
Won't he have to pay donation next tomorrow?
year?
9. "Œ~¡° WH› J`Çx„
Ì á P^•¥~¡„_
¬ =
È •‹²# J=‹¬~O¡
4. P"³ ° tH› Æ } ‡ÚO^Î = •‹² # J=‹¬ ~ ¡ O =ôO_È^¥?
=ôO_È^¥? Won't they have to depend on him
Won't she have to under go training? hereafter?
5. "Œ~¡ ° next time amount deposit 10. g°~¡° WH› "Œi`Ë KÇióOKÇ=•‹¬²# J=‹¬~¡O
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥? =ôO_È^¥ ?
Won't they have to deposit the amount Won't you have to discuss with them
next time ? hereafter?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô entrance test ä› ½ coaching D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
f‹¬°HË=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ?
Why won't you have to take coaching
for the entrance test? 1. h=ô ö~„¬ô office 䛽 "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
12. g°~¡° next time bill pay K͆ǰ=•‹²# …è^¥?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 2. g°~¡° ö~„¬ô programme …Õ ‡•…ç¾#=•‹²#
Why won't you have to pay the bill next J=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
time? 3. J`Ç_È° =°~¡• WH›ø_È䛽 ~Œ#=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
13. J`Ç_È° job H÷ try K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 4. P"³° WH› medicine f‹¬°HË#=‹¬~¡O…è^¥?
Why won't he have to try for a job? 5. "Œ~¡ ° WH› q°ye# instalments pay
14. P"³ ° WH› g°^Î @ doctor #° consult K͆ǰ#=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
J==•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽=ôO_È^ΰ? 6. h=ô books H›ù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
Why won't she have to consult the
doctor hereafter?
7. g°~¡ ° ã „ ¬ ` Í ¼ H› O Qê P „¬ s H› Æ ä › ½ prepare
15. "Œ~¡ ° WH› g °^Î @ WH› ø _È LO_È = •‹² # Hê#=‹¬~¡O …è^¥ ?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 8. P†Ç°# D document „ Ì á sign K͆°Ç =•‹²#
Why won't they have to stay here J=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
hereafter? 9. P"³° Dª•i ‚¬ð‹²æ@…˜…Õ LO_È=•‹²#
16. h=ô "Œi permission f‹¬°H›ù#=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^¥ ?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽…è^ΰ? 10. "Œ~¡ ° D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O practicals
Why won't you have to take their
K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O…è^¥ ?
permission?
17. g°~¡° WH›g°^Î@ g° T~¡° "³ˆ×¤=•‹²# 11. h=ô ö~„¬ô study class H›÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 attend
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽=ôO_È^ΰ ? Hê#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ ?
Why won't you have to go to your 12. g°~¡ ° =KÍ ó <³ • bill ZO^Î ° ä› ½ pay
village hereafter? K͆ǰ#=‹¬~¡O…è^ΰ ?
18. P"³° WH›#°Oz "Œi ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡=•‹²# 13. P"³° WH› "ŒiO\ÕÁ ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬xK͆¶ Ç e•#
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? J=‹¬~¡O =ôO_È^ΰ ?
Why won't she have to seek their help
hereafter? 14. "Œ~¡° WH› P game ZO^ΰ䛽 practise
19. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô duty H÷ attend J==•‹² # K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O=ôO_È^ΰ ?
J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ? 15. g°~¡ ° WH› #°Oz J`Ç x H÷ money
Why won't they have to attend the duty „¬O„¬=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽O_È^ΰ ?
tomorrow?

Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Will have to' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰ=•‹²# J=‹¬~¡=òO_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will have to work hard next year.
2. We will have to face this problem one more year.
3. He will have to undergo training next month.
4. They will have to pay the bill tomorrow.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~= ¡ òO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will not have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I will not have to meet him there tomorrow.
2. We will not have to take risk hereafter.
3. He will not have to do any job hereafter.
4. They will not have to make arrangements for us.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Will have to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Will you have to enclose the certificates?
2. Will you have to receive the guests tomorrow?
3. Will he have to explain to them this matter again?
4. Will they have to vacate this house next month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç =•‹²# J=‹¬~=
¡ òO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Won't have to + I form of the Verb
" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Won't you have to clear this loan?
2. Won't you have to pay any donation?
3. Won't he have to resign to this post?
4. Won't they have to vacate this house next month?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

561. Surprise surprised surprised P‰×ó~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°@


562. Surrender surrendered surrendered …çOy‡é=ô@
563. Survive survived survived ã|uH÷†ÇòO_È°@
564. Suspect suspected suspected J#°=¶#„¬_È°@
565. Swallow swallowed swallowed ãq°OQ®°@
566. Swirl swirled swirled y~¡y~¡u~¡°Q®°@
567. Tackle tackled tackled ‹¬=¶oOKÇ°@
568. Talk talked talked =¶\ìÁ_È°@
569. Tease teased teased ƒìk•OKÇ°@
570. Thank thanked thanked H›$`Ç[ý`Ç`³•°„¬ô@
571. Threaten threatened threatened ƒÿkiOKÇ°@
572. Tie tied tied H›@°“@
573. Tire tired tired J•‹¬@K³O^ΰ@
574. Tolerate tolerated tolerated ‹¬‚²ìOKÇ°@, F~¡°óH›ù#°@
575. Toss tossed tossed <Œ}ÿ=ò ZQ®°~¡"͆Çò@
576. Touch touched touched `Œä›½@
577. Transfer transfered transfered =°i†³òH› KË\÷H÷=¶~¡°ó@
578. Translate translated translated J#°=kOKÇ°@
579. Travel travelled travelled ㄬ†Ç¶}=ò K͆Çò@
580. Treat treated treated P^ÎiOKÇ°, zH÷`•Ç K͆ò Ç @

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
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WANT TO

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „


ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° computer course join J==…ÿ##° 䛽O@°<Œß#°.
J "Í°=ò D town …Õ business start K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ò.
J =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O USA "³ˆì¤•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È°.
J P"³° BL K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°#ßk.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß „¬#°• Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D ~ËA, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò
…èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Want to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject- I, We, You, They Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It, - Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Wants to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° D ~ËA <³ • ¶Á ~ ¡ ° "³ ˆ ì¤ • x 6. <Í#° Group-I „¬sH›Æ䛽 appear J"Œ•#°
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°. 䛽O@°<Œß#°.
I want to go to Nellore today. I want to appear for Group-I
2. "Í°=ò D town …Õ<Í settle J"Œ•x examinations.
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ò. 7. "Í°=ò D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O house Hù<Œ•#°
We want to settle down in this town. 䛽O@°<Œß=ò.
3. =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O MBA join 8. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O B.L. KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È°. J#°ä›½O@°#ßk.
My brother wants to join MBA this She wants to do B.L. this year.
year. We want to buy a house this year.
4. =¶ brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O USA 9. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Guntur …Õ M.Sc.
"³ˆì¤#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È°. KÇ^Î"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°#ßk.
My brother wants to go to the USA this She wants to study M.Sc in Guntur
year. this year.
5. "Œ~¡° K³<³áß…Õ business start K͆Ƕ•x 10. "Œ~¡° D ª•i Annual day KŒ…ì grand
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°. Qê celebrate K͆Ƕ•#° 䛽O@°<Œß~¡°.
They want to start business in They want to celebrate annual day
Chennai. very grand this year.

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11. N KÇOã^΃ì|° =°~¡• 䛽„¬æO #°O_• EXERCISE


JÌ‹OcÁH÷ ‡é\© K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
Sri Chandra Babu wants to contest
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
to the Assembly from Kuppam again.
12. =¶ brother Dª•i teacher post H÷ try 1. <Í # ° D ª•i EAMCET coaching
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È°. f‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
My brother wants to try for the teacher 2. "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO English <Í~¡°óHË"Œ•x
post this time. J#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ò.
13. <Í # ° "³ ° HêxH› … ˜ WO[h~¡ ° J"Œ•x
3. =¶ brother car Hù<Œ•#°HùO@°<Œß_È°.
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
I want to become a mechanical
4. P"³° Dª•i function H÷ JO^Îih invite
engineer.
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°#ßk.
14. =¶ sister B.Ed entrance test 䛽 appear 5. "Œ~¡° D ~ËA D q+¬†Ç°O serious Qê
J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°#ßk. discuss K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
My sister wants to appear for B.Ed 6. <Í#° D ~ËA bank #°O_• money draw
entrance test. K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
15. "Œ~¡° D <³•…Õ <³•¶Á~¡°…Õ branch open 7. =¶ father D"Œ~¡O rest f‹¬°HË"Œ•x
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°. J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
They want to open a branch in Nellore 8. P"³° D "Œ~¡O leave 䛽 apply K͆Ƕ•x
this month. J#°ä›½O@°#ßk.
16. <Í#° D "Œ~¡O =¶ native place H÷ "³ˆì¤•x 9. "Í°=ò D <³• Bangalore visit K͆¶ Ç •#°
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°. 䛽O@°<Œß=ò.
I want to go to my native place this
week.
10. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬Ö•O…Õ shopping complex
construct K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
17. =¶ father `Ç # job H÷ resign
K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°. 11. <Í#° D ~ËA "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O inform
My father wants to resign to his job. K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
18. "Œ~¡° D <³• D house vacate K͆¶ Ç •x 12. "Í°=ò D <³•…Õ lessons Jhß revise
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°. K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ò.
They want to vacate this house this 13. P"³° K³<³ßå…Õ eye specialist #° H›•"Œ•#°
month. 䛽O@°#ßk.
19. "Í°=ò D <³• u~¡°=°• visit K͆Ƕ•x 14. "Œ~¡° D~ËA =°^•¥¼‚¬ìßO shopping
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ò. K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°.
We want to visit Tirumala this month.
15. <Í#° Dª•i Q®\“÷ x~¡† â °Ç O f‹¬°HË"Œ•x
20. <Í#° D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ =¶ friend H÷ help J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß#°.
I want to help my friend in this matter. Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH›„x
¬ x
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O D Hê…èl…Õ KÇ^"Î Œ•#° HË=_ÈO …è^°Î .
J "Í°=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO WH›ø_È stay K͆Ƕ•#°HË=_ÈO …è^ΰ.
J =¶ father D business continue K͆Ƕ•#°HË=_ÈO …è^ΰ.
J P"³° D function 䛽 "Œix invite K͆Ƕ•#° HË=_ÈO …è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH›„¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D ~ËA, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò
…èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't / Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, We, You, They Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Donot want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It, - Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Does not want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° WH›ø_È time waste K͆¶
Ç •#°HË=_ÈO 6. "Œ~¡° Z䛽ø= amount business …Õ invest
…è^ΰ. K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
I don't want to waste my time here. They don't want to invest much
2. "Í°=ò J`Çx q+¬†Ç°O *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ• amount on business.
#°HË=@O …è^ΰ. 7. <Í#° D H›OÌ„h…Õ join J"Œ•#°HË=@O
We don't want to interefere in his …è^ΰ.
matter. I don't want to join this company.
3. =¶ brother opportunity x miss 8. "Í°=ò D town …Õ settle J"Œ•#°HË=@O
KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ. …è^ΰ.
My brother doesnot want to miss the We don't want to settle down in this
opportunity. town.
4. P"³° studies continue K͆¶
Ç •#°HË=@O 9. P"³° WH›ø_È stay K͆¶
Ç •#°HË=@O …è^°Î .
…è^ΰ. She doesnot want to stay here.
She doesnot want to continue her 10. "Œ~¡ ° D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ J`Ç x H÷ help
studies. K͆Ƕ•#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
5. J`Ç_È° job K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O …è^ΰ. They don't want to help him in this
He doesnot want to do job. matter.

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11. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O birthday celebrate EXERCISE


K͆Ƕ•#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
She doesnot want to celebrate her
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
birthday this year.
12. "Í°=ò D ~ËA P function H÷ attend 1. <Í # ° D ~ËA "Œo¤ O \÷ H ÷ "³ ˆ ì¤ • x
J"Œ•#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
We don't want to attend that function
2. "Í°=ò D ª•i P hotel …Õ stay K͆¶ Ç •x
today.
J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
13. <Í # ° D <³ • =¶=î~¡ ° "³ ˆ ì¤ • x
J#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. 3. J`Ç_È° D ~ËA =¶`Ë picnic ~Œ"Œ•x
I don't want to go to my village this J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
month. 4. P"³° D ª•i function H÷ "Œix invite
14. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hê…èl…Õ join J"Œ•x K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
J#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡ ° D ª•i J`Ç x ‹¬ • ‚¬ ð
She doesnot want to join college this f‹¬°HË"Œ•#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
year. 6. <Í#° D college …Õ KÇ^Î"Œ•#°HË=@O
15. "Œ~¡° Dª•i \Õ~¡ß"°³ O\˜• x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•x …è^ΰ.
J#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. 7. "Í°=ò D books follow J"Œ•#° HË=@O
They don't want to conduct the
…è^ΰ.
tournments this time.
8. "Í°=ò D train …Õ ã„¬†Ç°}O K͆Ƕ•x
16. <Œä›½ Dª•i competition …Õ ‡•…ç¾<Œ•x J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
…è^ΰ.
I don't want to participate in the 9. =¶ brother D ª•i B.Ed. entrance 䛽
competitions this time. coaching f‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
17. "Í°=ò Dª•i J`Çx ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO HË~Œ•x 10. <Í#° D ~ËA computer class H÷ attend
J#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ. J"Œ•#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
We don't want to seek his help this 11. "Í°=ò D ª•i ZxßH•› …Õ P ‡•s“H÷ vote
time. "͆Ƕ•x J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
18. J`Ç _ È ° D ~ËA =¶`Ë ~Œ"Œ•x 12. P"³ ° „² • Á • #° „² H ÷ ß H ± ä › ½ „¬ O ‡••x
J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ. J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
He doesnot want to come with us
13. "Í°=ò q°=òà•#° W|ÄOk Ì„@“=…ÿ#x
today.
J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
19. P†Ç°# Dª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ‡é\© K͆¶
Ç •x 14. "Í ° =ò J`Ç x q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ interefere
J#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
He doesnot want to contest in the
J"Œ•#°HË=@O …è^ΰ.
elections this time. 15. J`Ç _ È ° hä› ½ ‚¬ ð x KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
20. "Œ~¡ ° Dª•i risk f‹¬ ° HË"Œ•x J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ.
J#°HË=_ÈO…è^ΰ.
They don't want to take risk this time. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° ‹Ì •=ô•…Õ Mysore visit K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
J h=ô D "Œ~¡O computer course join J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß"Œ?
J P"³° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g° office …Õ job K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°#ß^¥?
J "Œ~¡° D<³• tour "³ˆì¤•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D ~ËA, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =°#=ò
…èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Do/Does + want to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, We, You, They - Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Do + want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
He, She, It, - Subject Qê L#ß„¬ô_È° 'Does + want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O B.L. KÍ † Ç ¶ •x 6. h=ô lawyer J"ŒÞ•#°HùO@°<Œß"Œ?
J#°Hù#°KÇ°<Œß"Œ? Do you want to become a lawyer?
Do you want to do B.L. this year? 7. g°~¡° D ~ËA '=~¡ÂOÑ ‹²x=¶ KǶ_¨•x
2. g°~¡° Hyderabad …Õ settle J"Œ•#°Hù#° J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
KÇ°<Œß~Œ? Do you want to see the film "Varsham"
Do you want to settle down in today?
Hyderabad ? 8. P†Ç°# D ~ËA leave apply K͆Ƕ•x
3. g° brother WH› ø _È business start J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_¨?
K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß_¨? Does he want to apply for leave
Does your brother want to start today?
business here? 9. P"³ ° Group-I „¬ s H› Æ • ä› ½ HËzOQ·
4. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O hostel …Õ stay f‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°#ß^¥?
K͆Ƕ•x J#°HùO@°#ß^¥? Does she want to take coaching for
Does she want to stay in the hostel the Group - I exam?
this year ? 10. "Œ~¡° K³<³ßåH÷ train …Õ travel K͆Ƕ•x
5. "Œ~¡° D <³• new house …ÕxH÷ shift J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ? Do they want to travel to Chennai by
Do they want to shift to the new house train?
this month?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ZH›ø_È KÇ^Î"Œ•x D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ô?
Where do you want to study this year?
12. g°~¡ ° manager x Z„¬ C _È ° consult 1. g°~¡° D ~ËA Mourya Hotel …Õ dinner
J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~¡°? f‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œ~Œ ?
When do you want to consult the 2. h=ô D "Œ~¡O computer course join
Manager ? J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß"Œ ?
13. h=ô D Ì ‹ •=ô•…Õ U course 3. g° brother govt. job H÷ try K͆Ƕ•x
K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ô? J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_¨ ?
Which course do you want to do in
these holidays ?
4. P"³ ° D <³ • …Õ necklace Hù<Œ•x
14. g°~¡° D ª•i summer holidays ZH›ø_È J#°ä›½O@°#ß^¥?
Q®_‡È ••x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~°¡ ? 5. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Q®°O@¶~¡°…Õ house
Where do you want to spend your construct K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
summer holidays this time? 6. h=ô 䛕_¨ =¶`Ë D room …Õ stay
15. g° brother job H÷ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ resign K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß"Œ?
K͆Ƕ•#°HùO@°<Œß_È° ? 7. g°~¡° students H÷ D summer holidays
Why does your brother want to resign …Õ tour organize KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
to his job? J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
16. P"³ ° W„¬ C _È ° D shop …Õ Uq° 8. g° parents x#°ß central school …Õ admit
Hù<Œ•#°ä›½O@°#ßk ? K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
What does she want to buy in the
shop now ? 9. P†Ç°# High court …Õ lawyer Qê practice
17. J`Ç_È° D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ Z=i ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß~Œ?
f‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È°? 10. P"³ ° nursing school x~¡ Þ ‚² ì OKŒ•x
Whose help does he want to seek in J#°ä›½O@°#ß^¥ ?
this matter ? 11. h=ô W„¬ C _È ° D job ZO^Î ° ä› ½ =ke
18. "Œ~¡° ZH›ø_È settle J"Œ•x J#°ä›½O@° "͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½O@°<Œß=ô ?
<Œß~¡°? 12. g°~¡° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO U place visit K͆Ƕ•#°
Where do they want to settle down? 䛽O@°<Œß~¡° ?
19. g°~¡° D~ËA marriage …Õ bride H÷ Uq° 13. J`Ç _ È ° Delhi Z„¬ C _È ° "³ ˆ ì¤ • x
present K͆Ƕ•#°Hù#°KÇ°<Œß~¡°?
What do you want to present to the
J#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È° ?
bride in the marriage today? 14. g°~¡° D problem Z…ì solve K͆Ƕ•#°
20. J`Ç _ È ° W„¬ C _È ° Hyderabad Z…ì 䛽O@°<Œß~¡°?
KÍ~Œ•#°ä›½O@°<Œß_È° ? 15. g° mother D ~ËA guests 䛽 U special
How does he want to reach Hyderabd item `Ç † Ç ¶ ~¡ ° KÍ † Ç ¶ •x J#°ä› ½ O@°
now ? <Œß~¡° ?
Z
Money is a good servant but a bad master. 288
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò D college …Õ KÇ^Î"Œ•#°HË=@O …è^¥?
J g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°O "Œi`Ë KÇióOKŒ•#° HË=@O …è^¥ ?
J J`Ç_°È D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò job K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O …è^¥?
J "Œ~¡° WH›g°^Î@ D business K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O …è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò D~ËA, D"Œ~¡O, D <³•, D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡°
K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°H›ù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Don't + Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject I, We, You, They J~ò#„¬C_È° "Don't + want to" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Subject He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° "Doesn't + want to " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O college KÍ ~ Œ•x 6. h=ô D~ËA =¶`Ë party H÷
J#°HË=@O…è^¥? ~Œ"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^¥?
Don't you want to join college this year? Don't you want to come to the party
2. "Œ~¡ ° D ª•i test H÷ appear with us today?
J"ŒÞ•#°HË=@O…è^¥? 7. g°~¡° WH› P company …Õ work K͆¶
Ç •#°
Don't they want to appear for the test HË=@O…è^¥?
this time? Don't you want to work in that company
3. J`Ç_È° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO job HË‹¬O try K͆Ƕ•#° hereafter ?
HË=@O…è^¥? 8. h=ô D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ J`Ç x H÷ help
Doesn't he want to try for a job at K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^¥ ?
present? Don't you want to help him in this
4. P"³° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies continue matter ?
K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^¥? 9. g°~¡° J`Çx`Ë D q+¬†Ç°O KÇióOKŒ•#°
Doesn't she want to continue her HË=@O…è^¥?
studies this year? Don't you want to discuss this matter
5. "Œ~¡° D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Annual Day celebrate with him ?
K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^¥? 10. g°~¡ ° D~ËA WH› ø _È stay KÍ † Ç ¶ •#°
Don't they want to celebrate the Annual HË=@O…è^¥?
Day this year? Don't you want to stay here today?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O D college …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
KÇ^Î"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
Why don't you want to study in this
college this year? 1. h=ô Hindi <Í~¡°óHË"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^¥?
12. g°~¡° D town …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 settle J"Œ•#° 2. g°~¡ ° D~ËA friendly cricket match
HË=@O…è^ΰ? P_¨•#°HË=@O…è^¥?
Why don't you want to settle down in
this town? 3. J`Ç_È° "Œi ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~Œ•#°HË=@O
13. J`Ç_È° Dª•i seminar …Õ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ …è^¥?
‡•…ç¾<Œ•#°HË=@O…è^°Î ? 4. P"³° J`Çx„Ì á complaint K͆¶ Ç •#°HË=@O
Why doesn't he want to participate in …è^¥?
the seminar this time?
14. P"³° D party H÷ "Œix ZO^ΰ䛽 invite 5. "Œ~¡ ° J`Ç x H÷ D q+¬ † Ç ° O inform
K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ? K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^¥?
Why doesn't she want to invite them 6. g°~¡° Dª•i P ‚¬ìÙ@…˜…Õ stay K͆Ƕ•#°
to this party? HË=@O…è^¥?
15. "Œ~¡ ° D ~ËA programme ZO^Î ° ä› ½
conduct K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ? 7. h=ô "Œi ‹¬•‚¬ð ‡•\÷OKŒ•#°HË=@O…è^¥?
Why don't they want to conduct the 8. g°~¡ ° D game practise KÍ † Ç ¶ •#°
programme today? HË=@O…è^¥?
16. h=ô XH› govt. employee J"Œ•x ZO^ΰ䛽
J#°HË=@O…è^ΰ? 9. P†Ç°# Dª•i "ŒiÌ„á P^•¥~¡„_ ¬ = È …ÿ#x
Why don't you want to become a govt. J#°HË=@O…è^¥?
employee? 10. P"³ ° doctor #° consult J"Œ•x
17. P†Ç°# Dª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ‡é\© J#°HË=@O…è^¥?
K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ ?
Why doesn't he want to contest in the 11. Dª•i h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 F@° "͆Ƕ•#°
elections this time? HË=@O…è^ΰ?
18. h=ô ZO^ΰ䛽 bike Hù<Œ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ? 12. g°~¡° P bank …Õ account ZO^ΰ䛽 open
Why don't you want to buy a bike? K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
19. h=ô g° friends `Ë ZO^Î ° ä› ½ tour
"³ˆì¤•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ? 13. g°~¡ ° D~ËA meeting H÷ ZO^Î ° ä› ½
Why don't you want to go on tour with ~Œ"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
your friends? 14. J`Ç_È° D train …Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 ㄬ†Ç¶}O
20. h=ô P new movie ZO^Î ° ä› ½ K͆Ƕ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
KǶ_¨•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
Why don't you want to see that new 15. "Œ~¡ ° P <Í ~ ¡ ‹ ¬ ° Ö _ •Ì „ á ZO^Î ° ä› ½ KÇ ~ ¡ ¼
movie? f‹¬°HË"Œ•#°HË=@O…è^ΰ?
Z
Donot lose your self - respect. 290
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Want to' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nx…Õ
=°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :

ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë =
Ç ò =°#=ò K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Want
to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I want to buy a scooter this month.
2. We want to help him now.
3. He wants to join M.C.A. this year.
4. She wants to stay with us.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Do not /
Does not + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I do not want to seek his help in this matter.
2. We do not want to interefere in his matter.
3. He does not want to do job at present.
4. She does not want to continue her studies.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#°KÇ°#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Do / Does + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Do you want to study in Hyd. this year?
2. Do you want to learn Hindi?
3. Does he want to do M.B.A this year?
4. Does she want to appear for the I-CET?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°#=ò K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "Don't / Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Don't you want to come with us?
2. Don't you want to stay with them?
3. Doesn't he want to join college this year?
4. Doesn't she want to go on tour with them?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

581. Try tried tried ㄬ†Ç°ußOKÇ°


582. Tuck tucked tucked …ÕxH÷^Ë„¬ô@
583. Turn turned turned u~¡°Q®°, ãu„¬C@
584. Twirl twirled twirled y~¡y~¡ u~¡°Q®°@
585. Unite united united XH›\÷QêK͆Çò@
586. Urge urged urged ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°@
587. Use used used L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°@
588. Utilise utilised utilised L„¬†³¶Q®„¬~¡KÇ°@
589. Utter uttered uttered „¬•°ä›½@
590. Vacate vacated vacated MìmK͆Çò@
591. Vanish vanished vanished J^Î$‰×¼=°Q®°@
592. Vary varied varied ƒè^•Î=òKǶ„¬ô@
593. Verify verified verified x~¡¶„²OKÇ°@
594. Violate violated violated JuãH›q°OKÇ°@
595. Visit visited visited ‹¬O^ÎiÅOKÇ°@
596. Vomit vomitted vomitted "ŒOu KÍ‹¬°H›ù#°@
597. Wait waited waited "Íz†ÇòO_È°@
598. Walk walked walked #_ÈKÇ°@
599. Warm warmed warmed Ì‚ìKÇóiOKÇ°@
600. Wash washed washed ‰×Ã㠕’=òK͆òÇ @

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
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WANTED TO

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH›„x
¬ x
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß h䛽 phone K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò last week friendly match P_¨•x J#°Hùx<Œ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° Q®`Ç ZxßH›•…Õ ‡é\© K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ_È°.
J P"³° last year M.A. join J"Œ•x J#°Hùx#k.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH›„¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Wanted to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Wanted to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß x#°ß H›•"Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß#°. 6. <Í#° last time J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~Œ•x
I wanted to meet you yesterday. J#°ä›½<Œß#°.
2. "Í°=ò last Sunday picnic 䛽 "³ˆì¤•x I wanted to seek his help last time.
J#°ä›½<Œß=ò. 7. "Í°=ò "Œix x#ß consult J=ô^¥=°x
We wanted to go on a picnic last J#°ä›½<Œß=ò.
Sunday. We wanted to consult them yesterday.
3. =¶ brother last month vehicle Hù<Œ•x 8. =¶ father =¶ brother x last year
J#°ä›½<Œß_È°. central school …Õ admit KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
My brother wanted to buy a vehicle
J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°.
My father wantd to admit my brother
last month.
to central school last year.
4. =¶ sister x#ß competition …Õ 9. P"³ ° last summer …Õ painting
participate K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx#k. <Í~¡°óHË"Œ•x J#°ä›½#ßk.
My sister wanted to participate in the She wanted to learn painting last
competition yesterday. summer.
5. "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È work start K͆Ƕ•x 10. "Œ~¡ ° last week cards distribute
J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°. K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°.
They wanted to start the work there They wanted to distribute the cards
yesterday. last week.

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11. <Í # ° x#ß J`Ç x H÷ letter ã " Œ†Ç ¶ •x EXERCISE


J#°ä›½<Œß#°. D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
I wanted to write a letter to him
yesterday.
12. "Í°=ò last Sunday office …Õ meeting
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ò. 1. <Í#° x#ß =¶ native place H÷ "³ˆì¤•x
J#°ä›½<Œß#°.
We wanted to conduct a meeting in
the office last Sunday. 2. "Í ° =ò last month new shop open
13. "Í°=ò x#ß ƒ•ìs ~Œ¼b x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•x K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ò.
J#°ä›½<Œß=ò. 3. NTR J„¬C_È° 'ƒ•ì~¡`^ Ç ‰Í O× Ñ ‡•s“ U~Œæ@°
We wanted to organise a huge ralley K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ~¡°.
yesterday. 4. P"³ ° MLA seat ä› ½ try KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
14. "Í ° =ò =òO^Î ° Qê<Í "ŒiH÷ inform J#°Hùx#k.
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ò. 5. "Œ~¡° last year Hyderabad H÷ family shift
We wanted to inform them earlier. K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ~¡°.
15. =¶ friend last time student union 6. <Í # ° last Sunday Tirumala visit
elections …Õ ‡é\© K͆¶
Ç •x J#°ä›½<Œß_°È . K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ#°.
My friend wanted to contest in the
7. "Í°=ò last month computer course …Õ
student union elections last time.
KÍ~Œ•x J#°Hùx<Œ=ò.
16. P"³ ° x#ß =¶`Ë WH› ø _•H÷ ~Œ"Œ•x
J#°ä›½#ßk. 8. =¶ brother last time bank loan H÷ apply
She wanted to come here with us
K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ_È°.
yesterday. 9. P"³° x#ß function H÷ JO^Îih invite
17. "Í°=ò last week farewell party celebrate K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx#k.
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ò. 10. "Œ~¡ ° last year D town …Õ house
We wanted to celebrate the farewell Hù<Œ•x J#°Hùx<Œ~¡°.
party last week. 11. <Í # ° last month L.I.C. policy
18. <Í#° x#ß P HË~¡°• q=~Œ•° `³•°‹¬°HË"Œ•x f‹¬°HË"Œ•#°ä›½<Œß#°.
J#°ä›½<Œß#°. 12. "Í°=ò J`ÇxÌ„á collector H÷ complaint
I wanted to know the details of that K͆Ƕ•#°ä›½<Œß=ò.
course yesterday.
13. J`Ç _ È ° actual Qê doctor J"Œ•x
19. "Í°=ò last month holidays =¶ =îi…Õ J#°ä›½<Œß_È°.
Q®_‡È ••x J#°ä›½<Œß=ò.
We wanted to spend our holidays at
14. P"³° ~Œãu =¶ WO\ÕÁ stay K͆Ƕ•x
our village last month.
J#°Hùx#k.
20. "Œ~¡° last year D temple H÷ Ì„^Îí amount 15. "Œ~¡° x#ß meeting boycott K͆Ƕ•x
donate K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°. J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°.
They wanted to donate a big amount
to this temple last year.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH›„x
¬ x
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß P function H÷ attend J"Œ•x J#°Hù#…è^ΰ.
J "Í°=ò last week =¶ native place H÷ "³ˆì¤•#°HË…è^ΰ.
J J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° job K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
J P"³° last year college …Õ join J"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH›„¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Did not want to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Did not want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° x#ß JH› ø _È "Œix H› • "Œ•x 6. <Í # ° x#ß office H÷ leave apply
J#°HË…è^ΰ. K͆Ƕ•#°HË…è^ΰ.
I did not want to meet them there I did not want to apply for leave to the
yesterday. office yesterday.
2. "Í°=ò last week =¶ =î~¡° "³ˆì¤•x 7. "Í ° =ò J‹¬ • ° last time "ŒiH÷ help
J#°HË…è^ΰ. K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
We did not want to go to our village We did not want to help them last time.
last week. 8. =¶ father last week "ŒiH÷ money
3. =¶ brother J„¬ C _È ° job KÍ † Ç ¶ •x W"ŒÞ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
J#°HË…è^ΰ. My father did not want to give them
My brother did not want to do job then. money last week.
4. P"³ ° x#ß function H÷ "Œix invite 9. "Í ° =ò x#ß J`Ç x `Ë Pq+¬ † Ç ° O
K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. =¶\ìÁ_¨•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
She did not want to invite them to the We did not want to talk to him that
function yesterday. matter yesterday.
5. "Œ~¡ ° last month P house vacate 10. <Í # ° ~Œã u "Œo¤ O \ÕÁ stay KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. J#°HË…è^ΰ.
They did not want to vacate that I did not want to stay in their house
house last month. last night.

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11. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° P house Hù#=…ÿ # x EXERCISE


J#°HË…è^ΰ.
They did not want to buy that house
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
then.
12. =¶ sister last year exam H÷ appear
J"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. 1. Degree `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç <Í#° studies continue
My sister did not want to appear for K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
the exams last year. 2. "Í°=ò last time "Œi ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~Œ•x
13. J`Ç_°È last time ZxßH•› …Õ ‡é\© K͆¶
Ç •x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
J#°HË…è^ΰ.
He did not want to contest in the
3. J`Ç_È° J‹¬•° J„¬C_È° P job HË‹¬O try
elections last time. K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
14. =¶ cousin last year studies continue 4. P"³° J‹¬•° teacher J"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° XH›„¬C_È° D town …Õ x=tOKŒ•x
My cousin did not want to continue J#°HË…è^ΰ.
his studies last year. 6. <Í#° last time "Œi`Ë town H÷ "³ˆì¤•x
15. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß P ‡é\© … Õ ‡•…ç¾ # =…ÿ # x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
J#°HË…è^ΰ.
They did not want to participate in 7. "Í ° =ò x#ß JH› ø _È J`Ç x x H› • "Œ•x
the competition yesterday. J#°HË…è^ΰ.
16. <Í # ° x#ß J`Ç x q+¬ † Ç ° O *ÕH› ¼ O 8. J`Ç_È° last year D college …Õ join
KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. J"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
I did not want to interefere in his 9. P"³ ° last year birth day celebrate
mattter yesterday.
KÍ‹¬°HË"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
17. Last Sunday "Í ° =ò "Œi`Ë match
P_¨•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. 10. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° JH› ø _È P q+¬ † Ç ° O
We did not want to play the match KÇióOKŒ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
with them last Sunday. 11. <Í#° J„¬C_È° "Œi ‹¬•‚¬ð ‡•\÷OKŒ•x
18. <Í # ° x#ß "Œi`Ë picnic "³ ˆ ì¤ • x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
J#°HË…è^ΰ. 12. "Í ° =ò x#ß JH› ø _È time waste
I did not want to go on picnic with them K͆ǰ^Ε°KÇ°HË…è^ΰ.
yesterday.
19. "Í°=ò last time J`Çx ^ÎQ®¾~¡ money J„¬C 13. <Í#° x#ß D q+¬†Ç°"³°Ø J`Çxx request
K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
We did not want to borrow money 14. =¶ cousin last time =¶`Ë stay
from him last time. K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
20. "Œ~¡° last time D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ J`ÇxÌ„á 15. "Í°=ò x#ß D q+¬†Ç°O "ŒiH÷ inform
depend J"Œ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ. K͆Ƕ•x J#°HË…è^ΰ.
They did not want to depend on him
in this matter last time. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH›„x
¬ x
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß "Œix H›•"Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ?
J g°~¡° last month P house vacate K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ?
J g° brother last year U.S.A. "³ˆì¤•x J#°ä›½<Œß_¨?
J P"³° last year M.C.A. join J"Œ•x J#°ä›½#ß^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH›„¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##¶ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Did + want to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Did + want to' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß J`ÇxH÷ telegram „¬O‡••x 6. g°~¡° x#ß J`Çx marriage H÷ attend
J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ? J"Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ?
Did you want to send him the telegram Did you want to attend his marriage
yesterday? yesterday?
2. g°~¡° last Sunday Quiz competition …Õ 7. h=ô x#ß "Œix H›•"Œ•x J#°Hùx<Œ"Œ?
participate K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ? Did you want to meet them yesterday?
Did you want to participate in the quiz 8. J`Ç_È° last night hotel …Õ stay K͆Ƕ•x
competition last Sunday? J#°Hùx<Œ_¨?
3. J`Ç_È° last time Chairman „¬^ÎqH÷ ‡é\© Did he want to stay in the hotel last
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß_¨? night?
Did he want to contest for the post of 9. P"³° x#ß P ‘•„¬ô…Õ new sari Hù<Œ•x
Chairman last time? J#°Hùx#^¥?
4. h=ô J„¬C_È° B.E. KÇ^"
Î Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ? Did she want to buy a new sari in that
Did you want to study B.E. then? shop yesterday ?
5. Last month h=ô Delhi "³ ˆ ì¤ • x 10. "Œ~¡° last year business …Õ Ì„^Îí"³ò`ÇëO
J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ? invest K͆Ƕ•x J#°Hùx<Œ~Œ?
Did you want to go to Delhi last month? Did they want to invest a huge
amount in the business last year?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. g°~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È Z=ix consult J"Œ•x D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°?
Whom did you want to consult there
yesterday? 1. g°~¡° last night movie KǶ_¨•#°ä›½<Œß~Œ
12. last Sunday g°~¡° ZH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆì¤•x ?
J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°?
Where did you want to go last
2. h=ô x#ß =¶`Ë picinic H÷ ~Œ"Œ•x
Sunday? J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ ?
13. g°~¡° last year g° brother x U Hê…èl…Õ 3. g° brother Engineer J"Œ•x
admit K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°? J#°Hù<Œß_¨ ?
In which college did you want to admit
4. P"³° `Ç# birthday party H÷ JO^Îih invite
your brother last year?
14. g° brother last month job H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½#ß^¥ ?
resign K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß_È°? 5. "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È work start K͆Ƕ•x
Why did your brother want to resign J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ?
to his job last month? 6. h=ô last year Andhra University …Õ
15. h=ô last month Delhi …Õ Zxß~ËA•° stay M.Phil K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß"Œ ?
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ô?
Howmany days did you want to stay 7. g°~¡° "Œi`Ë x#ß D q+¬†Ç°O discuss
in Delhi last month? K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ ?
16. "Œ~¡° last time problem #° Z…ì solve 8. g° uncle last year Ongole …Õ business
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°? start K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ ?
How did they want to solve that
problem last time?
9. P"³° last time Group-I exam. H÷ appear
17. h=ô x#ß J`Ç x H÷ marriage …Õ Uq° J"Œ•x J#°ä›½#ß^¥ ?
present K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ô? 10. "Œ~¡ ° last month P house vacate
What did you want to present him in K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~Œ ?
the marriage yesterday? 11. h=ô actual Qê Uq° J"Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ô?
18. g°~¡° x#ß J`Çx`Ë Uq° =¶\ìÁ_¨•x
J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°? 12. h=ô P university …Õ last year U course
What did you want to talk to him K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß=ô ?
yesterday? 13. g°~¡° last week Farewel party ZH›ø_È
19. h=ô x#ß Q®°O@¶~¡° ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ˆì¤•x celebrate K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡° ?
J#°ä›½<Œß=ô? 14. g°~¡ ° last time P q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ Z=i
Why did you want to go to Guntur
yesterday?
‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~Œ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡° ?
20. "Œ~¡° last year ZH›ø_È branch open 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° Chennai …Õ settle J"Œ•x
K͆Ƕ•x J#°ä›½<Œß~¡°? ZO^ΰ䛽 J#°ä›½<Œß~¡° ?
Where did they want to open the
branch last year ? Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡
K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô x#ß P ‡é\©…Õ ‡•…ç¾<Œ•x J#°HË…è^¥?
J g°~¡° last time "Œi`Ë KÇióOKŒ•#° HË…è^¥?
J J`Ç_È° govt. job ‡ÚO^¥•x J#°HË…è^¥?
J "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° Nellore …Õ branch open K͆Ƕ•#° HË…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç =…ÿ#x J#°H›ù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽

"Didn't + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject I, We, You,He, She, It, They U^³#
á #° "Didn't + want to" L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß h=ô g° friends `Ë picnic "³ˆì¤•x 6. "Œ~¡° last week meeting x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•#°
J#°HË…è^¥? HË…è^¥ ?
Didn't you want to go on picnic with Didn't they want to conduct the
your friends yesterday? meeting last month?
2. h=ô J„¬æ\ÕÁ university …Õ KÇ^Î"Œ•x 7. h=ô x#ß JH› ø _È J`Ç x x H› • "Œ•x
J#°HË…è^¥? J#°HË…è^¥?
Didn't you want to study in the Didn't you want to meet him there
university then? yesterday?
3. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° D town …Õ house construct 8. J`Ç _ È ° ~Œã u WH› ø _È stay KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
K͆Ƕ•xJ#°HË…è^¥ ? J#°HË…è^¥?
Didn't you want to construct the house Didn't he want to stay here last night?
in this town then? 9. g°~¡° last time ZxßH›•…Õ J`ÇxH÷ support
4. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° Group-I exam H÷ appear K͆Ƕ•xJ#°HË…è^¥?
J"Œ•xJ#°HË…è^¥? Didn't you want to support him in the
Didn't he want to appear for the elections last time ?
Group-I exam then? 10. "Œ~¡ ° last year bank loan HË‹¬ O try
5. P"³° x#ß "Œix D q+¬†Ç°O J_ÈQê•#° K͆Ƕ•xJ#°HË…è^¥ ?
HË…è^¥? Didn't they want to try for the bank loan
Didn't she want to ask them this matter last year?
yesterday?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. Last Sunday h=ô g° T~¡° ZO^ΰ䛽 D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"³ˆì¤•#°HË…è^ΰ?
Why didn't you want to go to your
village last Sunday? 1. h=ô x#ß friendly match …Õ
12. h=ô degree `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç studies ZO^ΰ䛽 P_¨•#°HË…è^¥?
continue K͆Ƕ•#°HË…è^ΰ?
2. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~Œ•x
Why didn't you want to continue your
J#°HË…è^¥?
studies after your degree?
13. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß "ŒiH÷ `Ë_È ° Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 3. J`Ç_È° last time ZxßH›•…Õ ‡é\© K͆Ƕ•x
"³ˆì¤•#°HË…è^ΰ? J#°HË…è^¥?
Why didn't he want to accompany 4. P"³° last time treatment f‹¬°HË"Œ•x
them yesterday? J#°HË…è^¥?
14. P"³° last month "Œix ZO^ΰ䛽 invite 5. "Œ~¡° last year tournments x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•x
K͆Ƕ•#°HË…è^ΰ? J#°HË…è^¥?
Why didn't she want to invite them last 6. h=ô higher studies KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
month?
J#°HË…è^¥?
15. "Œ~¡ ° last time ZO^Î ° ä› ½ tour
7. g°~¡° "Œi`Ë H›e‹² business K͆Ƕ•x
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKŒ•xJ#°HË…è^ΰ?
Why didn't they want to organize a tour
J#°HË…è^¥?
last time? 8. P†Ç ° # hä› ½ recommend KÍ † Ç ¶ •x
16. h=ô x#ß =¶`Ë ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ"Œ•#°HË…è^°Î ? J#°HË…è^¥?
Why didn't you want to come with us 9. P"³ ° last time Group-I „¬ s H› Æ ä › ½
yesterday? ‚¬ð[~¡"ŒÞ•x J#°HË…è^¥?
17. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° P house ZO^ΰ䛽 H›ù<Œ•x 10. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° family x Hyd. shift K͆¶Ç •x
J#°HË…è^ΰ ? J#°HË…è^¥?
Why didn't you want to buy that house
then?
11. h=ô J„¬C_È° job K͆Ƕ•x ZO^ΰH›#°
HË…è^ΰ?
18. J`Ç_È° J„¬C_È° job K͆Ƕ•x ZO^ΰ䛽
J#°HË…è^ΰ? 12. g°~¡° J„¬C_È° P ‡Ú•O Hù<Œ•x ZO^ΰH›#°
Why didn't he want to do job then? HË…è^ΰ?
19. P"³ ° lawyer Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½ practise 13. P"³° last year "Œi`Ë Hêj ‹¬O^ÎiÅOKŒ•x
K͆Ƕ•xJ#°HË…è^ΰ? ZO^ΰH›#°HË…è^ΰ?
Why didn't she want to practise as a 14. P†Ç°# J„¬C_È° „²•Á•#° KÇkqOKŒ•x
lawyer then? ZO^ΰH›#°HË…è^ΰ?
20. "Œ~¡° last year ZO^ΰ䛽 Annual Day 15. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_È° text books publish K͆¶Ç •x
celebrate K͆Ƕ•#°HË…è^ΰ? ZO^ΰH›#°HË…è^ΰ?
Why didn't they want to celebrate the
Annual Day last year? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Wanted to' Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Wanted to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I wanted to go to my village yesterday.
2. We wanted to visit Delhi last month.
3. He wanted to learn Grammar last summar.
4. They wanted to invite the collector to the function.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Did not + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I did not want to meet him there yesterday.
2. We did not want to help him last time.
3. He did not want to participate in the programme last week.
4. They did not want to sell that house last time.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hùx# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Did + want to + I form of the Verb " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Did you want to pay him money yesterday?
2. Did he want to see that movie last Sunday?
3. Did she want to practise type writing last year?
4. Did they want to inform him this matter yesterday?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰ=…ÿ#x J#°Hù#x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Didn't + want to + I form of the
Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Didn't you want to continue the course last month?
2. Didn't he want to stay with you last time?
3. Didn't she want to do that job then?
4. Didn't they want to buy that site then?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

601. Whisper whispered whispered Q®°‹¬Q®°‹¬…ì_È°@


602. Wipe wiped wiped `Ç°_È°KÇ°@
603. Worry worried worried ƒì^•Î„_¬ °È @
604. Yawn yawned yawned P=ôeOKÇ°@
605. Yelp yelped yelped "³ò~¡°Q®°@
606. Awake awoke awoke "Í°…çø#°@
607. Bear bore born [xàOKÇ°@
608. Beat beat beaten Hù@°“@
609. Become became become JQ®°@
610. Bend bent bent =OQ®°@
611. Beseech besought besought ã|u=°…ì_È°@
612. Bet` bet bet „¬O^³=òHê†Çò@
613. Bless blessed blessed nqOKÇ°@
614. Blow blew blown T^ΰ@, gKǰ@
615. Burn burnt burnt Hê•°ó@
616. Cost cost cost "³•JQ®°@
617. Cut cut cut HˆÇò@
618. Dig dug dug ã`Ç=ôÞ@
619. Feed fed fed ux„²OKÇ°@, ‡é+²OKÇ°@
620. Kneel knelt knelt "³¶H›i•°Á@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
302 A mother should always be respected.
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

Z
303
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PASSIVE VOICE

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx KÍ‹²# "Œ~¡° (subject / doer) Z=~¡° J<Ík ‹¬¶zOKÇ=ò .
Subject 䛽 importance W=Þ=ò.

L^¥ : ㄬHê‰×O l…ìÁ…Õ =i ƒìQê „¬O_È°`Ç°Ok.


Z=~¡° „¬O_•ª•ë~°¡ ? ~ï `á °Ç •°. Jk Subject. D "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ Subject ‹¬¶zOKÇ…^
è °Î .
J=‹¬~¡=ò…è^ΰ. Subject K³„¬æH›‡é~ò<Œ "ŒH›¼=ò#䛽 J~¡Ö=ò =zó#k.
WOHùH› L^¥ :
x#ß E-TV …Õ XH› old film „
ã ª¬ •~¡O J~ò#k.
Z=~¡° „
ã ª¬ •~¡O KÍ‹<
² Œ~¡° ? ETV "Œ~¡°. Jk Subject.
D "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ Subject ‹¬¶zOKÇ…è^ΰ. J=‹¬~¡=ò ~Œ…è^ΰ.
WOHùH› L^¥ :
ö~„¬ô S.S.C. „¬sHÆê „¦¬e`Œ•° "³•°=_È°`Œ~ò.
Z=~¡° „
ã H¬ \
› ª÷ •ë~°¡ ? S.S.C. Board "Œ~¡°. Jk Subject
D "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ ä›•_¨ Subject ‹¬¶zOKÇ…^ è °Î . J=‹¬~=
¡ ò…è^°Î . D q^•Î=òQê
language …Õ KŒ…ì "ŒH›¼=ò•° Subject #° ‹¬¶zO„¬H›, Subject 䛽 importance W=ÞH›
LO_È°#°.
W@°=O\÷ "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õ Object 䛽 importance LO_È°#°.
L^¥ :1 …Õ =i 'paddy' - J#°#k 'object' .
L^¥ : 2 …Õ 'old film' J#°#k 'object'.

L^¥ : 3…Õ 'S.S.C. results' - J#°#k 'object'.

D q^•Î=òQê XH› "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ 'Object' 䛽 ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç#° W‹¬¶ë 'Object' Q®°iOz


‹¬¶zOKÇ° XH› "ŒH›¼=ò#° Grammar …Õ 'Passive Voice' …Õ L#ß#x K³„¬C^ΰ~¡°.
=°iHùxß L^¥‚¬ì~¡}•° :
1. ㄬu ~ËA 5 Q®OII•ä›½ milk supply J=ô`Œ~ò.
2. x#ß =¶ä›½ English test [iy#k.

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3. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ =°# university …Õ new courses ‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’=°=ô`Œ~ò.


4. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È function 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßq.
5. =¶ä›½ already syllabus „¬îië J~ò#k.
D q^•Î=òQê D „ Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•xßO\÷…Õ =°#=ò P „¬#°•° KÍ‹# ² Subject Q®°iOz
K³„æ¬ H,› Object Q®°iOz ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç#° W‹¬¶,ë "Œ\÷ Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KÇ°#ßO^ΰ# D "ŒH›¼=ò•° Passive
Voice …Õ L#ßq. W„¬C_È° "Í~¡°"Í~¡° tense •…Õ Passive Voice - Verb Form Z…ì =ôO_È°<Ë
q=~¡=òQê <Í~¡°óHùO^Î=ò.
䛽Á„¬ëOQê
Passive Voice J#Qê "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx Object 䛽 ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç =ôO_È°#°. Verb #° Uq° ? Jx
ㄬtßOz# answer LO_È°#°. Z=~¡° ? Jx ㄬtßOz# answer LO_È^ΰ. Subject 䛽 importance
LO_È^ΰ.
PASSIVE VOICE VERB FORM
' 'Be' form + III form of the Verb'

"ŒH›¼=ò U tense …Õ =ôO>è P tense 'be' form =°i†Çò verb †³òH›ø III form.
Passive Voice …Õ Verb U tense …Õ<³á<Œ III form …Õ<Í =ôO_È°#°.
is / are + done = is/are done

was / were + done = was / were done

will be + done = will be done

is / are + being + done = is/ are being done

was/ were + being + done = was/ were being done

have/ has been + done = have/ has been done

had + been + done = had been done

will have + been + done = will have been done

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PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT


Hùxß „¬#°• Q®°iOz K³„¬C#„¬ô_È° P „¬#°•#° K͆Çò subject Q®°iOz K³„¬æ#=‹¬~¡O
LO_È^°Î . Hö =•O P „¬#°•° [~¡°Q®°@ Q®°iOz†Í° „ ã ^
¬ •¥#=òQê K³„C¬ KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
P „¬ # °•° KÍ † Ç ò "Œ~¡ ° (subject) Z=~Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ=ò. P „¬#°•° K͆Çò"ŒiH÷
(subject) ‡ ã •^•¥#¼`Ç W=Þ=ò. W@°=O\÷ "ŒH›¼=ò#° Passive Voice …Õ L#ß^Îx K³„¬C^ΰ=ò.
Regular Qê …èH› „¬^Í „¬^Í K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È°, XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ~ö _•†³¶…Õ „ã u¬ L^Ά°Ç O "Œ~¡•ë ° „ã ª¬ •~¡=°¿`Œ~ò.
J „ã u¬ Pk"Œ~¡O P H›ƒÁ …˜ Õ ª•O‹¬$øuH› Hê~¡¼ Hã =› °=ò•° x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°#°.
J =¶ä›½ ㄬu lesson 䛽 notes dictate K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°Ok.
J „ã u¬ L^Ά°Ç O 5 Q®O@•ä›½ ‡••° ‹¬~„¡ ~¬¦ Œ K͆°Ç |_È`Œ~ò.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã u¬ ~ËA, „ã u¬ "Œ~¡O, „ã u¬ <³•, „ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò, ~ï Q®°¼•~ŸQê Z•Á„C¬ _ȶ, `Ç~K
¡ °Ç Qê, „¬^Í
„¬^Í XH›i KÍ`Ç K͆ǰ|_È° (^¥#O`Ç@ Jk [~¡Q®x „¬xx) [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
'I' Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am' , He, She, It, subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is'
Plural subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. E T.V. …Õ „
ã u
¬ ~ËA 9 p.m. H÷ news „ã ª¬ •~¡O 6. =¶ college …Õ classes regular Qê
J=ô`Œ~ò. x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°`Œ~ò.
The news is telecast at 9 p.m. on The classes are conducted regularly
E-T.V. every day. in our college.
2. Hyderabad …Õ Holi ƒìQê [~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok. 7. =¶ school …Õ =°Oz discipline ‡•\÷O„¬
Holi is celebrated very grand in |_È°`Ç°Ok.
Hyderabad. Good discipline is maintained in our
3. S.S.C. „¬sH›•
Æ ° ª•^•¥~¡}OQê =¶ió <³•…Õ school.
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°`Œ~ò. 8. ㄬHê‰×Ol…ìÁ…Õ =i „¬O_È°`Ç°Ok.
S.S.C. examinations are held usually Paddy is grown in Prakasam District.
in the month of March. 9. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê text books govt. press …Õ
4. D shop …Õ English medicines print J=ô`Œ~ò.
•aOKÇ°#°. Text books are usually printed in the
English medicines are sold in this shop. govt. press.
5. N^Í q kŠ † Í ° @~Ÿ … Õ Zä› ½ ø=Qê ‚² ì Ok 10. XOQË•° \º<£H÷ †Ç°<£.†Ç°‹¹. Hï <Œ…˜ #°O_•
‹²x=¶•° ㄬ^ÎiÅO„¬|_È°`Œ~ò. drinking water supply J=ô`Ç°Ok
Mostly Hindi movies are shown at Drinking water is supplied from the
Sridevi. N.S. canal to Ongole town.

305
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11. ª•^•¥~¡ } OQê A…ÿ á <³ • …Õ degree EXERCISE


admissions =òQ®°ª•ë~ò.
Degree admissions are usually closed
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
in the month of July. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. =¶ Hê…è*˜…Õ 8 a.m. H÷ first bell ã"³¶Q®° 1. =¶ä› ½ ã „ ¬ u <³ • 5= `Í n # salaries
`Ç°Ok. K³eÁOKÇ|_È`Œ~ò.
The first bell is rung at 8 a.m. in our
college.
2. <Œä›½ personal expenses 䛽 <³•ä›½ ~¡¶.
13. Towns …Õ ã„¬u ~ËA L^ΆǰO roads Jhß
2000 Y~¡°ó J=ô`Ç°Ok.
clean K͆ǰ|_È°`Œ~ò. 3. ö ~ _•†³ ¶ …Õ ã „ ¬ u L^Î † Ç ° O "Œ~¡ ë • °
Roads are cleaned in the town every „
ã ª¬ •~¡=°=ô`Œ~ò.
morning. 4. WKÇó@ „ Ì O_•Á „¬u ã H›•° JKÇ°ó"†
Í °Ç |_È°#°.
14. D<Œ_È° daily 17 Hö Oã^¥•#°O_• publish
J=ô`Ç°Ok. 5. P shop …Õ orders Ì„á sweet supply
Eenadu daily is published from 17
K͆ǰ|_Ȱ`ǰOk.
centres. 6. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê degree admissions August
15. =°# ~ŒRO…Õ ã „ ¬ " Í ‰ × „ ¬ # °ß =‹¬ ¶ •° <³•…Õ =òQ®°ª•ë~ò.
K͆ǰ|_È°#°. 7. „¬ @ “ } ì•…Õ `Ç ~ ¡ K Ç ° Qê |O^£ • °
Entry tax is collected in our state. [~¡°Q®°`Ç°O\ì~ò.
16. "Œi family maintainance H÷ <³•ä›½ ~¡¶.
5000 Y~¡°ó J=ô`Ç°Ok. 8. „ ã u¬ ‰×x"Œ~¡O P temple …Õ ã„¬`ͼH› „¬î[•°
Rs. 5000 is spent for the maintainance
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È`Œ~ò.
of their family per month. 9. WKÇó@ English medicines J=°à|_È°#°.
17. P office …Õ work KŒ…ì sincere Qê 10. ã „ ¬ u <³ • ‰× à ã H › " Œ~¡ = ò library close
[~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok. KÍ‹²=ôO@°Ok.
Work is done sincerely in that office.
18. Chennai city…Õ traffic rules KŒ…ì strict 11. ㄬu <³• ‹¬°=¶~¡° `³•°Q®°…Õ „¬k ãHù`Çë
Qê follow Hê|_È°`Œ~ò. movies q_È°^Ε J=ô`Ç°O\ì~ò.
Traffic rules are followed strictly in 12. =¶ college …Õ ã „ ¬ u Sunday test
Chennai city. [~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok.
19. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê =¶ college…Õ syllabus
[#=i…Õ „¬îië J=ô`Ç°Ok. 13. D door lock KÍ‹²=ô#ßk.
The syllabus is usually completed in 14. =¶ hostel …Õ 1 pm H÷ lunch serve
our college in January itself. K͆ǰ|_Ȱ`ǰOk.
20. =¶ college…Õ „ ã u
¬ ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ games 15. =°# state …Õ entry tax collect
practise K͆ǰ|_È°`Œ~ò.
K͆ǰ|_Ȱ`ǰOk.
Games are practised in our college
every evening.
Z
Nothing can harm a good man. 306
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° regular Qê …èH› J‹¬…„
ÿ æ¬ \H÷ © K͆°Ç |_Èx,
[~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J =¶ college …Õ notes dictate K͆ǰ|_È^ΰ.
J Text books private press ……Õ print K͆ǰ|_È=ô.
J College …Õ late commers class …ÕH÷ J#°=°uOKÇ|_È~¡°.
J =°# ‡
ã •O`ÇO…Õ ‚¬ìÙb „¬O_È°Q® [~¡°„¬|_È^°Î .
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê, J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê regular Qê Hêx, J‹¬•° Z„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are+not +IIIform of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am' =KÇ°ó#°.
Singular subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =¶ä›½ Sunday classes [~¡Q®=ô. 7. XH› ª •i J=°à# =‹¬ ° ë = ô•° "Œ„¬ ‹ ¬ °
Classes are not conducted to us on f‹¬°Hù#|_È=ô.
sundays. Goods once sold are not taken back.
2. =¶ ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ ‚¬ìÙb „¬O_È°Q® [~¡°Q®^°Î . 8. P college …Õ donations =‹¬ ¶ •°
Holi festival is not celebrated in our K͆ǰ|_È=ô.
area. Donations are not collected in that
3. =¶ shop …Õ credit W=Þ|_È^ΰ. college.
Credit is not given in our shop. 9. z#ß towns …Õ trafic rules ‡•\÷O„¬|_È=ô.
4. WKÇó@ ‡••° J=°à|_È=ô. Traffic rules are not followed in small
Milk is not sold here. town.

5. W`Ç~¡°•° …ÕxH÷ J#°=°uO|_È~¡°. 10. =¶ town …Õ english films


ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ|_È=ô.
Others are not allowed inside.
English films are not shown in our
6. =¶ shop …Õ cheques
town.
J#°=°uOKÇ|_È=ô.
11. <Œä›½ J‹¬•° time •a•OKÇ^°Î .
Cheques are not accepted in our
Time iw not found o me at all.
shop.
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12. J`Ç_È° JH›ø_È Z=iH© `³e†Ç°^ΰ. EXERCISE

He is not known to any one there. D "ŒH›D


¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
13. =¶ l…ìÁ…Õ K³~¡ä›½ „¬O_È^ΰ. K͆°Ç O_•.
Sugar cane is not grown in our istrict.
1. =¶ school …Õ tests x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È=ô.
14. P ‹¬O‹¬Ö…Õ salaries regular Qê K³eÁO„¬ 2. D channel …Õ English programmes
|_È=ô. „
ã ª¬ •~¡OHê=ô.
Salaries are not pai promptly in that 3. D course admission 䛽 entrance test
firm. x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È^ΰ.
15. P college …Õ ‹¬ i †³ Ø ° # discipline 4. D land ª•Q®°K͆°Ç |_È^°Î .
‡•\÷O„¬|_È^°Î .
5. P route …Õ RTC buses #_È°„¬|_È=ô.
Good discipline is not maintained in
tht college. 6. W„¬C_È° money ready Qê LOKÇ|_È…è^ΰ.
16. =¶ office L^˼Q®°•ä›½ working days …Õ 7. ~ŒRO…Õ „¬ # °ß•° ‹¬ i Qê =‹¬ ¶ •°
J‹¬•° leave grant K͆ǰ|_È^ΰ. K͆ǰ|_È@O …è^ΰ.
Leave is not granted on working 8. JH› ø _È punctuality (‹¬=°†Ç°‡••#)
days to the employees in our office. ‡•\÷O„¬|_È^°Î .
17. JH›ø_È =°#䛽 =‹¬u H›eæOKÇ|_È^ΰ. 9. <Í~¡‹¬°Ö•Ì„á KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°HË|_È@O…è^ΰ.
Accommodation is not provided to
10. Aids x"ŒiO„¬|_È^ΰ.
us there.

18. g° school …Õ J‹¬•° notes dictate 11. =¶ college …Õ ga es J‹¬•° practice

K͆ǰ|_È^ΰ. K͆ǰ|_È=ô.
Notes is not dictated in our school at 12. Late commers class …ÕxH÷ J#°=°uO„¬
all. |_È~¡°.
19. JH›ø_È J‹¬•° ‰×Ã㠕’`Ç ‡•\÷OKÇ|_È^°Î . 13. Cities …Õ powersupply xe„²"͆ǰ|_È^ΰ.

Cleanliness is not maintained there 14. Fail J~ò# q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½ scholarship


20. JH›ø_È J‹¬•° ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =$^•¥ Hê^ΰ. K³eÁO„¬|_È^ΰ.
Time is not wasted there at all. 15. JH›ø_È J‹¬•° work delay J=^ΰ.

Z
Great minds have purpose, others have wishes. 308
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° regular Qê …èH› „¬^Í „¬^Í K͆ǰ|_È°,
[~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°ä›½ cleass •° regular Qê x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ |_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
J g° office …Õ salary prompt Qê K³eÁO„¬ |_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
J g° college …Õ =°Oz Hã =› °tH›}Æ ‡•\÷O„¬ |_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
J P shop …Õ English medicins J=°à|_È `Œ†Ç¶ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_È° „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê „ã u¬ ~ËA, „ã u¬ "Œ~¡=ò, „ã u¬ <³•, „ã u¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò regular Qê Z•Á„¬C_È° `Ç~¡KÇ°Qê „¬^Í
„¬^Í K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am' =KÇ°ó#°.
Singular subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g° hostel …Õ ã„¬u Pk"Œ~¡=ò special 6. WH›ø_È T.V. sets repair K͆ǰ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
item serve K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°O^¥? Are T.V. sets repaired here ?
Is a special item served in your hostel 7. g° college …Õ ã„¬u <³• tests x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬
every Sunday ? |_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
2. g° Ti…Õ ^΋¬~Œ „¬O_È°Q® ƒìQê [~¡°Q®° Are tests conducted in your college
`Ç°O^¥ ? every month ?
Is Dasara festival celebrated grand in 8. D grammar book Inter q^¥¼~¡ ° Ö • ä› ½
your village ? prescribe K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ?
3. g° college …Õ HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° •° regular Qê Is this grammar book prascribed for
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È`Œ†Ç¶? the Intermediate students ?
Are the classes conducted regularly
in your college ?
9. g° club …Õ `Ç ~ ¡ K Ç ° Qê cultural
programmes x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
4. g° town …Õ English films ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ
Are cultural programmes often held in
|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
your club ?
Are English fims shown in your town?
5. g°ä›½ ㄬu <³• salary prompt Qê K³eÁO„¬ 10. g°ä›½ ㄬu <³• paper Madras #°Oz
|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ? supply J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
Is salary paid to you promptly every Is paper supplied to you from Madras
month ? every month ?

309
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11. g° college …Õ first bell Z„¬C_È° ã"³¶yOKÇ EXERCISE


|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
When is the first bell rung in your
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
college ? K͆°Ç O_•.
12. ETV …Õ news ~ËAH÷ Zxߪ•~¡°Á „
ã ª¬ •~¡ 1. D medicine Jxß shop •…Õ J=°à|_È°
=°=ô`Œ~ò ? `Ç°O^¥ ?
Howmany times is the news telecast 2. g° institute …Õ ã„¬u<³• XH› fresh batch
on ETV in a day ?
commence J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
13. g° l…ìÁ…Õ Z䛽ø=Qê U „¬O@ „¬O_È°`Ç°Ok? 3. „¬ @ “ } ì•…Õ `Ç ~ ¡ K Ç ° Qê |O^£ • °
Which crop is mostly grown in your [~¡°Q®°`Ç°O\ì†Ç¶ ?
district ?
4. P hospital …Õ =°O^ΰ•° Lz`ÇOQê
14. P shop Z„¬C_ȶ ZO^ΰ䛽 close KÍ‹² W=Þ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
LO@°Ok ?
Why is that shop alwasys closed ?
5. Training Hê•O…Õ P L^˼Q®°•ä›½ stipend
K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
15. h䛽 personal Qê <³•ä›½ ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó
J=ô`Ç°Ok ? 6. Mysore …Õ ^΋¬~Œ „¬O_È°Q® grand Qê
Howmuch money is spent for your [~¡°Q®°`Ç°O^¥ ?
personal expenses every month ? 7. g° syllabus „ ã u
¬ ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O [#=i <³•…Õ
16. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê =°# state …Õ B.Ed. „¬îië J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
entrance test Z„¬C_È° x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È° 8. India H÷ sugar ZH›ø_È #°Oz import
`Ç°Ok ? J=ô`Ç°Ok?
When is the B.Ed. entrance test usually 9. Reynolds pens ZH›ø_È `džǶ~¡=ô`Œ~ò?
held in our state ?
10. ª•^•¥~¡OQê budget asembly …Õ U <³•…Õ
17. Citizen watches ZH›ø_È `dž¶
Ç ~¡=ô`Œ~ò? ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
Where are the citizen watches made?
11. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê `³•°Q®°…Õ ‹¬O=`Ç•~ŒxH÷ Zxß
18. ~ËAH÷ =°# town …Õ Zxß b@~¡Á milk films q_È°^Î…º`Œ~ò ?
supply JQ®°KÇ°#ßk ?
Howmany litres milk is supplied in our
12. g° WO\ÕÁ <³ • H÷ ZO`Ç money Y~¡ ° ó
town in a day ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
19. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê g° showroom …Õ <³•H÷ Zxß 13. ‹¬O=`Ç•~ŒxH÷ ZO`Ç=°Ok L^˼Q®°•° retire
colour TV sets sale J=ô`Œ~ò?
J=ô`Œ~¡°?
Howmany colour TV sets are usually 14. ª•^•¥~¡O}OQê EAMCET question paper
sold in your showroom in a month ? ZH›ø_È print J=ô`Ç°Ok?
20. =°# ^͉×O…Õ Q®O@䛽 ZO`Ç=°Ok „²•Á•° 15. ª•^•¥~¡}OQê LQêk„¬O_È°Q® U <³•…Õ
[xà‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°? [~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok?
Howmany children are born in an hour
in our country ? Z
The higher the voice, the smaller the intellect. 310
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g° college H÷ late commers J#°=°uO„¬|_È~Œ?
J "ŒiH÷ J‹¬•° scholrship grant J=^¥?
J h=ô WH›ø_È Z=iH© `³e†Ç°^¥?
J D channel …Õ news „ã ª¬ •~¡O Hê"Œ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê Qêx, J‹¬…ÿ„¬æ\÷H© K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx (Subject 䛽 Z@°=O\÷
‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç W=Þ䛽O_¨) XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Isn't / aren't + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° - 'Isn't'
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° - 'Aren't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g° ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ =i„¬O_È^¥? 6. Cities…Õ power supply J‹¬•° xe„²
Isn't paddy grown in your area? "͆ǰ|_È^¥?
2. g° college …Õ classes regular Qê Isn't power supply stopped at all in
[~¡°Q®"Œ? cities?
Aren't the classes conducted regularly
7. g° town …Õ drinking water daily ‹¬~¡„¦¬~Œ
J=^¥?
in your college?
Isn't drinking water supplied daily in
3. D channel …Õ English movies „ã ª¬ •~¡O your town?
Hê"Œ? 8. g° ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ ƒÕ<Œ• „¬O_È°Q® [~¡°Q®^¥?
Aren't English movies telecast on this Isn't Bonala festival celebrated in your
channel? area?
4. g° college …Õ J‹¬ • ° ã H › = °tH› Æ } 9. D medicines D town …Õ ^ù~¡H›"Œ?
‡•\÷O„¬|_È^¥? Aren't these medicines sold in this
town?
Isn't discipline maintained in your
10. `Çq°ˆ×<Œ_È°…Õ ZOã@<£• tests J‹¬ • °
college?
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È"Œ?
5. D ƒ•’¶q° ª•Q®°…Õ …è^¥? Aren't entrance tests conducted in
Isn't this land cultivated?
Tamilnadu?

311
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. g°ä› ½ salary regular Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
K³eÁO„¬|_È^ΰ?
Why isn't salary paid to you regularly?
12. g° school …Õ tests ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 1. D office …Õ work sincere Qê [~¡Q®^¥?
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È=ô? 2. Sunday letters deliver K͆ǰ|_È"Œ?
Why aren't the tests conducted in your
school? 3. g° monthly meetings …Õ ‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ •°
13. Cancer ZO^Î ° ä› ½ x"ŒiO„¬ | _È ^ Î ° ? KÇióO„¬|_È"Œ?
Why isn't cancer cured?
4. c^Î q^¥¼~¡°•œ #°O_• mess bill =‹¬¶•°
14. =°# ~ŒRO…Õ Hã ù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° ZO^ΰ䛽 K͆ǰ|_È^¥?
[~¡°Q®=ô?
Why aren't the new recruitments made 5. P door lock KÍ‹²…è^¥?
in our state?
15. Govt. hostels …Õ „¬i‰×Ãフ’`Ç ZO^ΰ䛽 6. D q+¬†Ç°O h䛽 `³e†Ç°^¥?
‡•\÷O„¬|_È^°Î ? 7. D temple …Õ ã „ ¬ ` Í ¼ H› „¬ î [•°
Why isn't cleanliness maintained in the x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È"Œ?
govt. hostels?
16. D town …Õ English movies ZO^ΰ䛽 8. h䛽 Hindi J~¡ÖOHê^¥?
ㄬ^ÎiÅO„¬|_È=ô?
Why aren't English movies shown in
9. D camera ZO^ΰ䛽 use …Õ …è^ΰ?
this town? 10. g°ä› ½ classes regular Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½
17. g° college …Õ syllabus time H÷ ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡°Q®=ô?
„¬îiëJ=^ΰ?
Why isn't the syllabus completed in 11. D fields H÷ water ZO^ΰ䛽 supply J=^ΰ?
time in your college?
12. D ‹¬=°‹¬¼H÷ „¬i‘•ø~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ^ù~¡H^
› °Î ?
18. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ „¬^HΊ ê•° strict Qê ZO^ΰ䛽 J=°•°
Hê=ô? 13. =°# l…ìÁ…Õ „¬i‰ã =
× °•° ZO^ΰ䛽 Ja•=$kœ
Why aren't the govt. schemes K³O^Î=ô?
implemented strictly?
19. Defaulters Ì „ á KÇ ~ ¡ ¼ ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 14. Bills ‹¬Hê•O…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 pass Hê=ô?
f‹¬°H›ù#|_È^ΰ? 15. =°# ~ŒR L^˼Q®°•ä›½ bonus ZO^ΰ䛽
Why isn't action taken against the K³eÁO„¬|_È^ΰ?
defaulters?
20. J"³ ° iHê…Õ cricket ZO^Î ° ä› ½
‡ã é`Ç•‚²ìO„¬|_È^°Î ?
Why isn't cricket promoted in America?
Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ "Am/Is/Are + III form of the Verb"
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nxx Grammar …Õ Passive Voice -Present Tense JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_È° …èH› [~¡°„¬|_È° (Subuject 䛽 ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç …èä½› O_¨) XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Am / Is / Are + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I am encouraged well in my studies.
2. This chain is made of gold.
3. Text books are printed in the govt. press.
4. Rs. 5,000 is paid to him per month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_Èx …èH› [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Am not / Is not / Are not + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. I am not treated well here.
2. Our festivals are not celebrated in Nepal.
3. Entry tax is not levied in Karnataka.
4. The door is not locked.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_È° …èH› [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Is
/ Are + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Is this serial telecast daily?
2. Are the tests conducted every month?
3. Is Hindi spoken in West Bengal?
4. Are the patients treated well in this hospital?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ï~Q®°¼•~ŸQê K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Isn't / Aren't + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Isn't grammar taught to you regularly?
2. Aren't the letters delivered on holidays?
3. Isn't permission given to you to go home on Sunday ?
4. Aren't games practised in your school?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning
621. Lead led led #_È•„²OKÇ°@
622. Mean meant meant J~¡Ö=òK³„¬C@
623. Melt melted melted H›~¡yOKÇ°@
624. Mistake mistook mistaken `Ç„¬CQêf‹¬°H›ù#°@
625. Show showed showed KǶ„²OKÇ°@
626. Spell spelt spelt LKÇóiOKÇ°@
627. Spit spat spat Lq°à"͆Çò@
628. Sting stang stang 䛽@°“@
629. Swell swelled swollen ‡ÚOQ®°@
630. Acquire acquired acquired ‡ÚO^ΰ@
631. Adjourn adjourned adjourned "Œ~ò^¥"͆Çò@
632. Adjust adjusted adjusted ‹¬iK͆Çò, KÇH›øk^ΰí@
633. Admit admitted admitted …ÕxH÷ J#°=°uOKÇ°,
‹¬=°àuOKÇ°@
634. Adorn adorned adorned J•OH›iOKÇ°@
635. Advance advanced advanced =òO^ÎΰOKÇ°@
636. Affliate affliated affliated KÍ~¡°óH›ù#°@
637. Amend amended amended ‹¬=iOKÇ°@
638. Anoint anointed anointed Ja•À+H›=ò K͆ò Ç @
639. Assassinate assassinated assassinated ‚¬ì`Ǽ QêqOKÇ°@
640. Blink blinked blinked q°}°H›iOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
314 Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.
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PASSIVE VOICE - PAST


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ
K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. Subject 䛽 ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç
LO_È^ΰ.
J x#ß JH›ø_È =¶ work „¬îië J~ò#k.
J Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O =¶ office …Õ meeting [iy#k.
J Q®`Ç <³• complex …Õ XH› ãHù`Çë show room open J~ò#k.
J Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O E<£ 21# M.B.A. Entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#k.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ K͆°Ç |_•# „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"was / were+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Singular Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'was'
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß =¶ English class cancel J~ò#k. 6. x#ß *ÿq°x K•Œ#…˜…Õ XH› new film
Our English class was cancelled „
ã ª¬ •~¡"°³ #
Ø k.
yesterday. A new film was telecast on Gemini
2. 1994 …Õ „¬O*샘 ‹¬=°‹¬¼ „¬i‘•ø~¡"°³ #
Ø k. Channel yesterday.
The punjab problem was solved in 7. D book 2002 …Õ publish J~ò#k.
1994. This book was published in 2002.
3. D house 20 ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~Œ•ã H ÷ ` Ç O 8. x#ß =¶ä› ½ guest house …Õ =‹¬ u
xiàOKÇ|_•#k. H›eæOKÇ|_•#k.
This house was constructed twenty The accommodation was provided for
years ago. us in the guest house yesterday.
4. Last Sunday bank test x~¡ Þ ‚² ì OKÇ 9. x#ß =¶ town …Õ XH› ƒ•ìs ~Œ¼b
|_•#k. x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#k.
The bank test was conducted last A huge rally was organized in our
Sunday. town yesterday.
5. x#ß =¶~òO\ÕÁ festival ƒìQê [iy#k. 10. 1983…Õ `³•°Q®°^͉O× ‡•s“ U~Œæ@~ò#k.
The festival was celebrated very grand The Telugu Desam party was formed
in our house yesterday. in 1983.

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11. x#ß function 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á ƒ•ìsQê [iy#q. EXERCISE


Grand arrangements were made for
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
the function yesterday.
12. x#ß cards Jhß distribute J~ò#q. K͆°Ç O_•.
1. Last Sunday Group - 1 preliminary test
All the cards were distributed x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#k.
yesterday.
2. Last month J`ÇxH÷ Rs. 50000 loan
14. =¶ father last month Nellore 䛽 transfer sanction J~ò#k.
J~ò<Œ~¡°.
3. x#ß S.S.C. „¦e¬ `Œ•° „ ã H¬ \
› O÷ „¬|_•#q.
My father was transferred to Nellore
last month. 4. x#ß P shoping complex …Õ XH› ãHù`Çë
showroom open J~ò#k.
15. 1984…Õ IndiraGandhi ‚¬ ì `Ç ¼ QêqO„¬
|_•<Œ~¡°. 5. Q®`<Ç •³ ‚Ì ìá ^Î~Œƒì^£…Õ „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxH÷ #H›•…˜•
Mrs. Indira Gandhi was assassinated
䛽 =°^•Î¼ KÇ~•ó¡ ° [iy#q.
in 1984. 6. Last week P W•°Á Mìm J~ò#k.
16. x#ß road accident …Õ #•°Q® ° ~¡ ° 7. x#ß =¶ club …Õ cultural programmes

ã †
¬ ¶
Ç }÷ä½› •° Qê†Ç°„¬_•<Œ~¡°. x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#q.
Four passengers were injured in the 8. x#ß c‚¬ð~Ÿ ZxßH•› …Õ 70 ‰§`ÇO F@°Á poll
road accident yesterday. J~ò<Œ~ò.
17. Last year =¶ syllabus [#=i…Õ<Í „¬îië 9. Q®`Ç <³• R & B department …Õ ãHù`Çë
J~ò#k. x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [iy#q.
Our syllabus was completed in the 10. ^Í=^¥‹¬° film N "Í^¥O`ÇO ~Œ„¦¬°=†Ç°¼
month of January last year. QêiKÍ direct K͆°Ç |_•#k.
18. <ŒQê~¡ ° û # ª•Q® ~ Ÿ _¨"£ ° 1952…Õ 11. x#ß <³ • ¶Á ~ ¡ ° town …Õ |O^£
xiàOKÇ|_•#k. ‡•\÷OKÇ|_•#k.
The Nagarjuna Sagar dam was
12. P"³° x#ß government hospital …Õ ad-
constructed in 1952.
mit K͆°Ç |_•#k.
19. Last time =¶ „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥ „¬_•#q. 13. D ‹¬O‹¬Ö 1948 …Õ ª•Ö„O² KÇ|_•#k.
Our examinations were postponed last
14. x#ß =¶ï ~ ø\˜ ~Ë_È ° Û … Õx Pã H › = °}•°
time.
`ù•yO„¬|_•#q.
20. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Pakisthan F_•‡é~ò#k.
15. x#ß D q+¬†Ç°O JO^ÎiH© `³e‹²#k.
The Pakisthan tteam was defeated in
the match yesterday. Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß =¶ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ „¬i‘•ø~¡O Hê…è^°Î .
J =¶ brother H÷ x#ß ‹Ì •=ô •a•OKÇ…^è °Î .
J Last year P posts ƒ•’së K͆°Ç |_È…^è °Î .
J J`ÇxH÷ P bank …Õ loan sanction Hê…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was/Were + not + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Singular subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'was' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß =¶ä›½ English class [~¡°Q®…è^ΰ. 6. =¶ä›½ x#ß permission •a•OKÇ…^è °Î .
English class was not taken to us Permission was not given to us
yesterday. yesterday.
2. Last year MBA entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬ 7. "ŒiH÷ last time message „¬O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
|_È…è^ΰ. The message was not sent to them
MBA entrance test was not conductd last time.
last year. 8. J`ÇxH÷ last time loan sanction Hê…è^ΰ.
3. x#ß J`ÇxH÷ money K³eÁO„¬|_È…è^ΰ. The loan was not sanctioned to him
Money was not paid to him yesterday. last time.
4. Last time J`ÇxÌ„á KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°Hù#|_È…è^ΰ. 9. x#ß L.I.C. office …Õ =¶ work „¬îië
Action was not taken against him last Hê…è^ΰ.
time. Our work was not finished in the L.I.C
5. Last budject …Õ Hã ù`Çë „¬#°ß•° qk•O„¬ office yesterday.
|_È…è^ΰ. 10. x#ß =¶ä›½ Ì‹•=ô ㄬH›\÷OKÇ|_È…è^ΰ.
New taxes were not levied in the last A holiday was not declared to us
budget. yesterday.

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11. Last time =¶ problem solve Hê…è^ΰ. EXERCISE


Our problem was not solved last time.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
12. Last year =¶ä›½ college …Õ syllabus
„¬îië Hê…è^ΰ. K͆°Ç O_•.
The syllabus was not completed to 1. x#ß treasury …Õ =¶ bill pass Hê…è^ΰ.
us last year.
13. x#ß g°\÷ O Q· … Õ D q+¬ † Ç ° O 2. Last year B.Ed. entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬
KÇióO„¬|_È…è^ΰ. |_È…è^ΰ.
This matter was not discussed in the
3. Last P†Ç ° #
time <Œq°<Í + ¬ < £
meeting yesterday.
J#°=°uO„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
14. Last year =¶ college annual day
celebrate K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. 4. =¶ brother last time P post …Õ
Our college annual day was not x†Ç°q°O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
celebrated last year.
15. x#ß JH›ø_È function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á ‹¬iQê¾ 5. Last time WH›ø_È votes ‹¬iQê poll Hê…è^°Î .
[~¡°Q®…è^ΰ. 6. "ŒiH÷ information „¬O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
The arrangements were not made
properly there for the function 7. P"³°H÷ x#ß H›O\÷H÷ operation [~¡°Q®…è^ΰ.
yesterday.
8. x#ß =¶ä›½ JH›ø_È =‹¬u H›eæOKÇ|_È…è^ΰ.
16. Last budget …Õ Veligonda project 䛽
x^•Î°•° Hö \ì~òO„¬|_È…^
è °Î . 9. P ‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ ä› ½ J„¬ C _È ° „¬ i ‘•ø~¡ = ò
Funds were not allocated to the ^ù~¡H›…è^ΰ.
Veligonda project in the last budget.
10. Last month report submit K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ.
17. =¶ä› ½ school level …Õ Grammar
<ÍiæO„¬|_È…è^ΰ. 11. x#ß "ŒiH÷ amount adjust Hê…è^ΰ.
Grammar was not taught to us at
school level. 12. J`Ç x H÷ last time P bank …Õ loan
18. Last year =°# state …Õ ã H ù`Ç ë sanction Hê…è^ΰ.
x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [~¡°Q®…è^ΰ. 13. x#ß =¶ WO\ÕÁ „¬O_È°Q® [~¡Q®…è^ΰ.
New appointments were not made in
our state last year. 14. J`Çx Jƒ•’¼iÖ`ÇÞ=ò „¬iQ®}÷O„¬|_È…è^ΰ
19. "ŒiH÷ last time licence issue (consider).
K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. 15. Last time J`ÇxÌ„á case file Hê…è^ΰ.
The licence was not issued to them
last time.
20. x#ß =¶ town …Õ bandh ‡•\÷O„¬|_È…^
è °Î .
Bandh was not observed in our town
yesterday.
Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß JH›ø_È g° work „¬îië J~ò#^¥ ?
J Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O g° office …Õ meeting [iy#^¥ ?
J Q®`<Ç •³ complex …Õ XH› ãHù`Çë show room open J~ò#^¥ ?
J Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O B.Ed. entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õ K͆°Ç |_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç |_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was/Were + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Singular Subject QêL#ß„¬C_È° 'was" =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'were" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g°ä› ½ English class cancel 6. Last year entry tax G.O. ~¡^°Î í J~ò#^¥?
J~ò#^¥? Was the G.O. of the entry tax
Was your English class cancelled abolished last year ?
yesterday ? 7. x#ß JÌ‹OcÁ…Õ budget „ã "¬ ‰Í „Ì× @“|_•#^¥?
2. Last mnth teacher post •ä›½ interviews Was the budget presented in the
[iy#"Π? Assembly yesterday ?
Were the interviews held for the
teacher posts last month ? 8. x#ß g° WO\ÕÁ function ƒìQê [iyO^¥ ?
3. D W•°Á 60 ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ = ò• ã H ÷ ` Ç O Was the function celebrated grand in
xiàO„¬|_•#^¥ ? your house yesterday ?
Was this house constructed sixty 9. x#ß g° cheques POã^•¥ ƒì¼OH±…Õ encash
years ago ? J~ò#"Œ ?
4. x#ß =°OãuH÷, junior doctors 䛽 =°^μ Were your cheques encashed in
KÇ~¡ó•° [iy#"Œ ? Andhra Bank yesterday ?
Were the discussions made among the 10. Last time J`Ç x Ì „ á case file
minister and the junior doctors K͆°Ç |_•#^¥?
yesterday? Was the case filed against him last
5. x#ß wedding cards print J~ò#"Œ ? time?
Were the wedding cards printed
yesterday ?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. x#ß g° meeting ZO^ΰ䛽 cancel D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J~ò#k ?
Why was your meeting cancelled
1. x#ß g°ä›½ message JOk#^¥ ?
yesterday ?
12. g°ä›½ Zxß
Last time application forms 2. Last monthg°ä› ½ =‹¬ ° ë = ô•° deliver
JOk#q ? J~ò<Œ†Ç¶ ?
Howmany application forms were 3. x#ß g° town …Õ |O^£ ‡•\÷O„¬|_•#^¥ ?
received to you last time ?
13. ~Œãu Gemini T.V. …Õ U film telecast 4. x#ß P case f~¡°æ „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ „¬|_•#^¥ ?
J~ò#k ? 5. Last year „¬sH›Æ•° ~¡^ΰíJ~ò#"Œ ?
Which film was telecast on Gemini
T.V. last night ? 6. D W•°Á 1980…Õ xiàO„¬|_•#^¥ ?
14. P ƒì¼O䛽…Õ Q®`Ç <³• ZO`Ç amount 7. P"³° x#ß hospital #°Oz discharge
deposit K͆°Ç |_•Ok ? J~ò#^¥ ?
Howmuch amount was deposited in
that bank last month ?
8. N ~Œr"£ QêOn• ZH›ø_È ‚¬ì`Ǽ QêqOKÇ|_•
<Œ~¡° ?
15. „¬O*샘 ‹¬=°‹¬¼ Z…ì „¬i+¬øiO„¬|_•#k?
How was the Punjab problem solved? 9. `³•°Q®°^͉O× ‡•s“ Z„¬C_È° U~Œæ>#
Øÿ k ?
16. •þ film g° town …Õ Zxß ~ËA•° 10. =°‚¬ð`ŒàQêOn• Z„¬C_È° [xàOKŒ~¡° ?
„ã ^¬ iÎ ÅO„¬|_•#k ?
Howmany days was the film 'Lakshmi'
11. x#ß g°\÷OQ·…Õ U q+¬†°Ç O KÇiOó „¬|_•
shown in your town ?
#k ?
17. Ja•…ì+¬ #=• Z=iKÍ`Ç "ã Œ†Ç°|_•#k ? 12. Last week g° office …Õ Zxß files clear
By whom was the novel 'Abhilasha' K͆°Ç |_•<Œ~ò ?
written ?
13. x#ß P programme ZO^ΰ䛽 cancel
18. Last time ‡•~¡"Á °³ O\˜ ZxßH•› …Õ g° town J~ò#k ?
…Õ Zxß F@°Á poll J~ò#q ?
Howmany votes were polled in your 14. Last time Zxß teacher posts ƒ•’së K͆°Ç
town in the last Parliament elections ? |_•#q ?
19. x#ß g°ä› ½ dinner ZH› ø _È U~Œæ@° 15. ‡é~ò# ZxßH›•…Õ =°# x†³¶[H›=~¡¾O…Õ
K͆°Ç |_•#k ? Zxß nominations file K͆°Ç |_•#q ?
Where was the dinner arranged for
you yesterday ?
10. P W•°Á Z„¬C_È° Mìm J~ò#k ?
When was that house vacated ? Z
To err is human, to forgive divine. 320
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
K͆ǰ|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h䛽 x#ß message JO^Î…è^¥ ? J g°ä›½ P problem 䛽 „¬i‘•ø~¡O ^ù~¡H…› ^è ¥?
J h䛽 D q+¬†Ç°O x#ß `³e†Ç°…è^¥ ? J Last month admissions =òy†Ç°…è^¥?

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.


D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx (Subject 䛽 Z@°=O\÷ ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç W=Þ䛽O_¨)
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Wasn't / Weren't + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° - 'Wasn't'
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° - 'Weren't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß g° bill pass Hê…è^¥? 6. Last month g°ä›½ interviews [~¡°Q®…è^¥?
Wasn't your bill passed yesterday? Weren't the interviews conducted to
you last month?
2. x#ß meeting …Õ D q+¬†Ç°O KÇ~¡ó䛽
~Œ…è^¥? 7. q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½ scholarships
Last year B.C
Wasn't this matter discussed in the =°OE~¡°Hê…è^¥?
meeting yesterday? Weren't scholarships granted to the
B.C. students last year?
3. Last month h䛽 salary ~Œ…è^¥?
8. x#ß g°ä›½ hall tickets issue Hê…è^¥?
Wasn't salary paid to you last month?
Weren't the hall tickets issued to you
4. x#ß g°ä›½ telegram JO^Î…è^¥? yesterday?
Wasn't the telegram received to you 9. x#ß SBI …Õ g° cheque encash Hê…è^¥?
yesterday? Wasn't your cheque encashed in SBI
5. x#ß cards „¬O„²}©Hê…è^¥? yesterday?
Weren't the cards distributed 10. x#ß JH›ø_È g° work „¬îië Hê…è^¥?
yesterday? Wasn't your work finished there
yesterday?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. Last year entrance test ZO^Î ° ä› ½ D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
[~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't the entrance test
conducted last year? 1. h䛽 x#ß time ^ù~¡H›…è^¥?
12. h䛽 x#ß leave ZO^ΰ䛽 grant Hê…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't the leave granted to you
2. h䛽 D q+¬†Ç°O J„¬C_È° `³e†Ç°^¥?
yesterday ? 3. Last year h=ô teacher post H÷ select
13. g°ä›½ x#ß J#°=°u ZO^ΰ䛽 •a•OKÇ…^
è °Î ? Hê…è^¥?
Why wasn't the permission given to you
yesterday?
4. Last month P house vacate Hê…è^¥?
14. g° Hê…èr…Õ x#ß Farewell Party ZO^ΰ䛽 5. h application accept Hê…è^¥?
[~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't the Farewell Party 6. Last year syllabus intime …Õ „¬îië Hê…è^¥?
celebrated in your college yesterday?
7. Last time P†Ç°# ‹¬~æ¡ OKŸQê ZxßH› Hê…è^¥?
15. Last time Group-I x†Ç¶=°Hê•° ZO^ΰ䛽
[~¡Q®…è^ΰ? 8. x#ß h䛽 money Y~¡°óHê…è^¥?
Why weren't the Group-I appointments
made last year? 9. x#ß g°ä›½ test ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
16. Last year J`Ç _ È ° ZO^Î ° ä› ½ promote 10. ~Œãu T.V …Õ movie ZO^ΰ䛽 ㄬª•~¡O
Hê…è^ΰ? Hê…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't he promoted last year?
17. Group-4 „¦¬e`Œ•° ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ…è^ΰ? 11. P college …Õ last year ‹Ô@°Á ZO^ΰ䛽
Why weren't Group-4 results ƒ•’së Hê…è^°Î ?
announced?
12. Last time g° problem ZO^ΰ䛽 solve
18. x#ß function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á ZO^Î ° ä› ½ Hê…è^ΰ?
[~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
Why weren't the arrangements made 13. h䛽 last time P bank …Õ loan ZO^ΰ䛽
to the function yesterday? sanction Hê…è^ΰ?
19. x#ß India - England =°^•Î¼ one-day match
ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡Q®…è^ΰ? 14. Last time P†Ç°# ZO^ΰ䛽 transfer
Why wasn't the one-day match played
Hê…è^ΰ?
between India and England yesterday? 15. x#ß judgement ZO^ΰ䛽 "³•°=_È…è^ΰ?
20. Q®`Ç ZxßH•› …Õ F@°Á ƒ•ìsQê ZO^ΰ䛽 poll
Hê…è^ΰ?
Why weren't the votes polled heavily
in the last elections?
Z
Beware of the fury of a patient man. 322
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Was/Were + III form of the Verb '
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nxx Grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -Past Tense" JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Was / Were + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. This book was published in 2003.
2. This film was released last month.
3. Degree admissions were closed last month.
4. The wedding cards were distributed yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Was not / Were not + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. He was not invited to the party yesterday.
2. She was not treated well in the hospital there.
3. Our proposal was not accepted yesterday.
4. Cultural programmes were not held in the function last night.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Was / Were + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Was dinner arranged to the guests yesterday?
2. Were the letters dispatched last week?
3. Was he suspended from the service last month?
4. Were the encroachments removed last month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Wasn't / Weren't + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Wasn't the programme relayed on T.V. yesterday?
2. Weren't the orders sent to them last week?
3. Wasn't the loan cleared last month?
4. Weren't the books damaged then?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning
641. Bulge bulged bulged L|°Ä@, "Œ†Çò@
642. Bury buried buried „¬î_È°ó@
643. Centralize centralized centralized öHOãnH›iOKÇ°@
644. Cater catered catered ƒ•Õ[#=ò =_•ÛOKÇ°@
645. Clap clapped clapped KÇ„¬æ@°Á KÇ~¡°KÇ°@
646. Clash clashed clashed XH›^¥xHùH›\÷ _•™ H›ù#°@
647. Classify classified classified `Ç~Q¡ `® °Ç •°Qê qƒ•’lOKÇ°@
648. Clot clotted clotted Q®_ÈÛH›@°“@, À„~¡°H›ù#°@
649. Collaborate collaborated collaborated H›e‹² „¬xK͆Çò@
650. Combine combined combined KÍ~¡°ó@, H›•°„¬ô@
651. Commit committed committed K³_ÈÛ„¬x K͆Çò@
652. Conserve conserved conserved ƒ•’^ã „Î ~¬ K
¡ °Ç @
653. Console consoled consoled F^¥~¡°ó@
654. Contain contained contained H›ey†ÇòO_È°@
655. Contradict contradicted contradicted Hê^Î#°@
656. Contrast contrasted contrasted ‡é•°ó@
657. Cover covered covered =ü†Çò@
658. Count counted counted …ÿH›øÌ„@°“@
659. Crash crashed crashed „¬Q®°•°@
660. Crawl crawled crawled ‡ã •ä›½@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
324 A proverb is one man's wit and all men's wisdom.
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PASSIVE VOICE - FUTURE


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH›
„¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx K͆ò Ç "ŒiH÷ ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç LO_È^°Î .
J ö~„¬ô =¶ä›½ meeting [~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok.
J =KÍó"Œ~¡O Inter „¦¬e`Œ•° ㄬH›\÷OKÇ|_È`Œ~ò.
J =KÍó <³• =¶ä›½ bonus K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok.
J ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È function 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° XH› „¬x K͆ǰ|_È°@#° [~¡°Q®°@#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽.
"Will + be + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject -Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'will be + III form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Next year Inter syllabus =¶~¡°`Ç°Ok. 6. J`Ç x H÷ next week SBI …Õ 1 •H› Æ
Intermediate syllabus will be changed
~¡¶‡•†Ç°• loan sanction J=ô`Ç°Ok.
next year. A loan of Rs. 1 lakh will be sanctioned
to him in SBI next week.
2. D house next month Mìm J=ô`Ç°Ok. 7. ö ~ „¬ ô 7 p.m. H÷ programme
This house will be vacated next month. "³ò^Ε=ô`Ç°Ok.
3. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö 䛽 appointment orders The programme will be commenced
JO^ΰ`Œ~ò. at 7 p.m. tomorrow.
The appointment orders will be 8. ö~„¬ô guests 䛽 grand dinner U~Œæ@°
received to the candidates soon. K͆ǰ|_Ȱ`ǰOk.
Grand dinner will be arranged to the
4. †Çò=䛽•HË‹¬O `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XH› new scheme
guests tomorrow.
‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’=°=ô`Ç°Ok.
9. Nextweek B.Ed entrance test x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ
A new scheme will be launched for |_È°`Ç°Ok.
the youth soon.
B.Ed. entrance test will be conducted
5. ö~„¬ô degree final year results ㄬH›\÷OKÇ nextweek.
|_È°`Œ~ò. 10. `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ Hêjà~¡ ° ‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ „¬ i ‘•ø~¡ = °
Degree final year results will be =ô`Ç°Ok.
announced tomorrow. Kashmir problem will be solved soon.
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11. ö~„¬ô Hyd. …Õ T.D.P. =°i†Çò B.J.P. EXERCISE


<Œ†Ç°ä›½• =°^•Î¼ KÇ~ó•¡ ° [~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò.
Discussions will be made among the
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
T.D.P. and the BJP leaders in Hyd. K͆°Ç O_•.
tomorrow.
12. =KÍó "Í° …Õ DSC ^¥Þ~Œ 20,000 teacher 1. Next year =¶ college …Õ Hã ù`Çë HË~¡°••°
post •° ƒ•’së K͆°Ç |_È°`Œ~ò. introduce K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò.
20,000 teacher posts will be filled up 2. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ L^˼Q®°•ä›½ `ÇÞ~¡…Õ bonus K³eOÁ „¬
through the DSC next May. |_È°`Ç°Ok.
13. =¶ brother next year manager Qê
promote J=ô`Œ_È°.
3. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Hyd. …Õ P.V. Narasimha Rao
My brother will be promoted as qãQ®‚¬ì=ò Pq+¬øiO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok.
manager next year. 4. next Sunday =¶ college annual day
14. Next Monday D cheque bank …Õ cash [~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok.
J=ô`Ç°Ok.
This cheque will be encashed in the
5. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ =°# ~Œã+¬“O…Õ XH› new party
bank next Monday. U~Œæ@° J=ô`Ç°Ok.
15. =KÍó budget …Õ Hù`Çë „¬#°ß•° qk•O„¬ 6. ö~„¬ô P öH‹¬° judgement "³•°=_È°`Ç°Ok.
|_È°`Œ~ò. 7. Next Sunday =¶ Ti…Õ Lz`Ç <Íã`Ç
New taxes will be levied in the next
budget.
zH÷`•Ç ta~¡O U~Œæ@° K͆°Ç |_È°`Ç°Ok.
16. =KÍó <³• 28# ‡•~¡Á"³°O\˜…Õ budget 8. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Group - 2 post ƒ•’sHë ÷ notifica-
ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“|_È°#°. tion "³•°=_È°`Ç°Ok.
The Budget will be presented in the 9. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ =°~¡• „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxH÷ =°i†Çò #H›•…˜•
Parliament on 28th next month.
=°^•Î¼ KÇ~•ó¡ ° [~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò.
17. <ŒQê~¡ ° û # Hù`Ç ë ‹² x =¶ next Firday
release J=ô`Ç°Ok. 10. ~Œã+¬“O…Õ Jxß High Schools =KÍó June
Nagarjuna's new fim will be released 13 # reopen J=ô`Œ~ò.
next Friday. 11. g°ä›½ exams `Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç ‹ Ì •=ô•° „ã H¬ \
› O÷ KÇ
18. ö ~ „¬ ô g°\÷ O Q· … Õ D q+¬ † Ç ° O |_È`Œ~ò.
KÇióO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok.
This matter will be discussed in the 12. =KÍ ó " Œ~¡ O =°~¡ … ì petrol ^•Î~¡
meeting tomorrow. Ì„~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok.
19. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ ZxßH•› <Ë\÷„Hö²¦ +¬<£ "³•°=_È°`Ç°Ok. 13. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ g° problem solve J=ô`Ç°Ok.
The Election Notification will be
issued soon.
14. ö ~ „¬ ô meeting …Õ XH› decision
20. P ‹¬•Ö O…Õ `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XH› shopping complex f‹¬°HË|_È°`Ç°Ok.
xiàOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok. 15. Next year J`Ç_È° officer Qê promote
A new shopping complex will be J=ô`Œ_È°.
constructed in the site soon.
Z
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 326
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È KÇ~¡ó•° [~¡°Q®=ô.
J D ª•i „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥ „¬_=È ô.
J D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [~¡°Q®=ô.
J D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O "ŒiH÷ ƒÕ#‹¹ K³eOÁ „¬|_È^°Î .

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç |_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍ<ó •³ , =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
…èH› ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will not+ be + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will not + be + III form of the verb" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Inter q^¥¼~¡°•
Ö ä›½ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O syllabus 6. ö~„¬ô h䛽 leave grant J=^ΰ.
=¶~¡^ΰ. Leave will not be granted to you
The syllabus will not be changed for tomorrow.
Inter students this year.
7. Dª•i „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥ „¬_=
È ô.
2. D work D ~ËA „¬îië J=^ΰ. Examinations will not be postponed
This work will not be finished today. this time.
3. WH› D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Group-I x†Ç¶=°Hê•° 8. ~ö „¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ D q+¬†°Ç O KÇióO„¬|_È^°Î .
[~¡°Q®=ô. This matter will not be discussed in
Group-1 appointments will not be held the meeting tomorrow.
this year.
9. D <³•…Õ D course „¬îië J=^ΰ.
4. D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O =°O_È • Zxß H › • °
This course will not be completed this
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È=ô.
month.
The Mandal elections will not be held
this year. 10. P†Ç°# D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O transfer J=_È°.
5. D ª•i work delay J=^ΰ. He will not be transfered this year.
Work will not be delayed this time.
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11. Dª•i =¶ colony …Õ New year Day EXERCISE


[~¡Q®^ΰ. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
The New Year Day will not be
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
celebrated in our colony this time.
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. D ‡Ú~¡‡•@° =°~¡• [~¡°Q®^°Î .
12. Hêjà~Ÿ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ ‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê „¬i‘•ø~¡=°=^ΰ.
Kashmir problem will not be solved 2. D "Œ~¡O office …Õ meeting x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬
easily. |_È^ΰ.
13. g°ä›½ ~ö „¬ô JH›ø_È J#°=°u •a•OKÇ^°Î . 3. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O promote Hê=ô.
Pemission will not be given to you
there tomorrow. 4. P W•°Á D <³•…Õ MìmJ=^ΰ.
14. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hã ù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [~¡°Q®=ô. 5. g° Dª•i bonus K³eÁO„¬|_È^ΰ.
New appointments will not be made
this year. 6. =KÍó budget …Õ ä›•_¨ D project 䛽
15. D G.O. ~¡^ΰí J=^ΰ. x^•Î°•° Hö \ì~òO„¬|_È=ô.
This G.O. will not be cancelled.
7. Dª•i =¶ college …Õ cricket
16. Dª•i =¶ä›½ syllabus „¬îië J=^ΰ. tournments x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È=ô.
Our syllabus will not be completed this
time. 8. D ª•i h䛽 J=Hê‰×O W=Þ|_È^°Î .
17. ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 JH›ø_È time •a•OKÇ^°Î . 9. D <³•…Õ =°Oãu=~¡¾ q‹¬ë~¡} [~¡Q®^ΰ.
Time will not be found to us there
tomorrow. 10. D academic year …Õ SSC q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½
18. „¬sH›Æ• `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç holidays ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È=ô. syllabus =¶~¡^ΰ.

Holidays will not be declared after the


11. Teacher posts WH› #°Oz DSC ^¥Þ~Œ
exams.
ƒ•’së K͆°Ç |_È=ô.
19. D news "ŒiH÷ `³e†Ç°^ΰ.
This news will not be known to them. 12. D proposal ö ~ „¬ ô meeting …Õ
20. P"³° D "Œ~¡O 䛕_¨ hospital #°O_• J#°=°uO„¬|_È^ΰ (accept).
discharge J=^ΰ.
She will not be discharged from the
hospital this week also. Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Vƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç †Ç°|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx KÍ‹²# "ŒiH÷ (subject) ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç LO_È^°Î .
J ö~„¬ô g°ä›½ special class [~¡°Q®°`Ç°O^¥ ?
J =KÍó"Œ~¡O inter „¦¬e`Œ•° ㄬH›\÷OKÇ |_È`Œ†Ç¶?
J =KÍó <³• g°ä›½ bonus K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
J =KÍó [#=i…Õ ‡•~¡"Á °³ O@° ZxßH›•° [~¡°Q®°`Œ†Ç¶?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç |_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will+be+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will be + III form" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =KÍó Uㄲ…˜…Õ g° „¬sH›Æ•° [~¡°Q®°`Œ†Ç¶ ? 6. ö~„¬ô h䛽 salary K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
Will your examinations be held next Will your salary be paid tomorrow ?
April ? 7. ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 orders JO^ΰ`Œ†Ç¶ ?
2. D work next week „¬îiëJ=ô`Ç°O^¥ ? Will the orders be received to us
Will this work be finished next week? tomorrow ?
3. ö ~ „¬ ô ~ŒR =°Oã u =~¡ ¾ q‹¬ ë ~ ¡ } [~¡ ° Q® ° 8. g° town …Õ `ÇÞ~¡…Õ LIC branch open
`Ç°O^¥? J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
Will the state cabinet be expanded Will the LIC office branch be opened
tomorrow ? in your town soon ?
4. P Hã ù`Çë „¬^•ÎHO› =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O J=°•° 9. =KÍ ó budget …Õ ã H ù`Ç ë „¬ # °ß•°
„¬~¡KÇ|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ? qk•OKÇ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
Will that new scheme be implemented Will new taxes be levied in the next
next year ? budget ?
5. =KÍó <³• P W•°Á Mìm J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ? 10. =°# ~ŒRO…Õ =KÍ ó <³ • „¬ O KŒ~òf
Will that house be vacated next ZxßH›•° [~¡°Q®°`Œ†Ç¶ ?
month? Will the Panchayat elections be held
in our state next month ?
329
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. Hã ù`Çë „
ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO Z„¬C_È° U~Œæ@° K͆°Ç |_È° D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
`Ç°Ok ?
When will the new government be
formed ? 1. =°#ä› ½ ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È =‹¬ u U~Œæ@°
12. D ~ËA ~ŒãuH÷ ETV …Õ U movie telecast K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
Which movie will be telecast on ETV 2. Degree „¦¬e`Œ•° May …Õ ã„¬H›\÷O„¬|_È
to night ? `Œ†Ç¶ ?
13. <ŒQê~¡°û# University Vice-chancellor Qê 3. Dª•i B.S.R.B. test August …Õ
Z=~¡° x†Ç°q°O„¬|_È°^ΰ~¡° ? x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
Who will be appointed Vice-
chancellor of Nagarjuna University ?
4. ö ~ „¬ ô function `Ç ~ ŒÞ`Ç cultural
programmes x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
14. =°# office …Õ ãHù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° Z„¬C_È°
[~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò ? 5. D book next month market…ÕH÷ release
When will the new appointments be K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ?
made in our office ? 6. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P Institute …Õ EAMCET HêÁ‹¬°•°
15. hä› ½ =KÍ ó <³ • ZO`Ç loan sanction x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
Howmuch loan will be sanctioned to 7. ZxßH›• notification ö~„¬ô *ìs K͆ǰ|_È°
you next month ? `Ç°O^¥ ?
16. ö ~ „¬ ô guest •ä› ½ =‹¬ u ZH› ø _È 8. g° Hê…èl Z„¬C_È° reopen J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
H›eæOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok? 9. P bridge consturction Z„¬C_È° „¬îië
Where will the accomodation be
provided to the guests tomorrow ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
17. ã H ù`Ç ë Jƒ•’ ¼ ~¡ ° Ö • ä› ½ training ZH› ø _È 10. g° ‹¬=°‹¬¼ Z…ì „¬i+¬øiO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok?
W=Þ|_È°`Ç°Ok ? 11. ö ~ „¬ ô meeting …Õ U q+¬ † Ç ° O
Where will the training be given to the KÇióO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
new candidates ?
18. g° institute …Õ Spoken English fresh 12. h computer course Z„¬ C _È ° „¬ î ië
batch Z„¬C_È° commence J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
When will the Spoken English fresh 13. g° institute #°Oz D ª•i ZO`Ç=°Ok
batch be commenced in your institute? students S.I. posts •H÷ select J=ô`Œ~¡°?
19. =KÍ ó budget …Õ education H÷ ZO`Ç 14. ö ~ „¬ ô party U hotel …Õ arrange
amount öH\ì~òOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok ? K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
Howmuch amount will be allocated
for Education in the next budget ? 15. =KÍó budget …Õ agriculture H÷ ZO`Ç
20. g°ä› ½ =KÍ ó " Œ~¡ O interview ZH› ø _È amount öH\ì~òOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
[~¡°Q®°`Ç°Ok ?
Where will the interview be
conducted to you next week ?
Z
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h䛽 next year salary Ì„~¡Q®^¥?
J WH› D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hã ù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [~¡°Q®"Œ?
J ö~„¬ô g° town …Õ |O^£ [~¡°Q®^¥?
J g° college D <³•…Õ re-open Hê^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç |_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ ~ö „¬ô, =KÍó "Œ~¡O, =KÍó <³•, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx U W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³#á #° K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽

"Won't + be + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Won't be' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ö~„¬ô g°ä›½ classes [~¡°Q®"Œ? 6. =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hã ù`Çë HË~¡°••° ‡ã •~¡Oƒ•’OHê"Œ?
Won't the classes be conducted to you Won't the new courses be introduced
tomorrow? next year?
2. ö~„¬ô =°#䛽 =‹¬°ë=ô•° deliver Hê"Œ? 7. Hêjà~¡° ‹¬=°‹¬¼ WH› „¬i‘•ø~¡OHê^¥?
Won't the goods be delivered to us Won't the Kashmir problem be solved?
tomorrow? 8. Deposit uiy K³eÁO„¬|_È^¥?
3. ö~„¬ô amount collect Hê^¥? Won't the deposit be refunded?
Won't the amount be collected 9. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O S.S.C ‹²•|‹¹=¶~¡^¥?
tomorrow? Won't the syllabus be changed for
4. D house sale K͆ǰ|_È^¥? S.S.C this year?
Won't this house be sold? 10. ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ D q+¬†Ç°O KÇ~¡ó䛽~Œ^¥?
5. D "Œ~¡O „¦¬e`Œ•° ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È"Œ? Won't this matter be discussed in the
Won't the results be announced this meeting tomorrow?
week?

331
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ~ö „¬ô =°#䛽 J#°=°u ZO^ΰ䛽 •a•OKÇ^°Î ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why won't the permission be given to
us tomorrow? 1. ~ö „¬ô college …Õ seminar x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È^¥?
12. D „¬x ö~„¬ô ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬îiëJ=^ΰ?
Why won't this work be finished 2. D project D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O „¬îië J=^¥?
tomorrow?
13. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô JH›ø_È =‹¬u ZO^ΰ䛽 U~Œæ@° 3. Dª•i g° college Annual Day [~¡°Q®^¥?
K͆ǰ|_È^ΰ?
Why won't the accommodation be
4. g° brother D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O promote J=_¨?
provided to you there tomorrow? 5. D ª•i =°# „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥„¬_"
È Œ?
14. „¦ ¬ e `Ç = ò g°ä› ½ =òO^Î ° Qê ZO^Î ° ä› ½
`³e†Ç°^ΰ? 6. D <³•…Õ g° syllabus „¬îiëJ=^¥?
Why won't the result be known to you
earlier? 7. P"³° D "Œ~¡O 䛕_¨ hospital #°O_•
15. ö ~ „¬ ô JH› ø _È Hê~¡ ¼ ã H › = °=ò ZO^Î ° ä› ½ discharge Hê^¥?
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È^ΰ?
Why won't the programme be 8. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O 䛕_¨ teacher posts ƒ•’së
organized there tomorrow? K͆ǰ|_È"Œ?
16. D ª•i function ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡°Q®^ΰ?
Why won't the function be celebrated 9. D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O „¬ O KŒ~òf Zxß H › • °
this time? ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡°Q®=ô?
17. g°ä› ½ Dª•i allowance ZO^Î ° ä› ½
K³eÁOKÇ|_È^ΰ? 10. g° house construction D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O
Why won't the allowance be paid to you ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬îiëJ=^ΰ?
this time?
18. Dª•i S.I. Post 䛽 h"³O^ΰ䛽 select 11. P ãHù`Çë movie D <³•…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 release
Hê=ô? Hê^ΰ?
Why won't you be selected for the post
of S.I? 12. g°ä›½ ö~„¬ô payment ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡°Q®^ΰ?
19. Main Road …Õx Pã H › = °}•° ZO^Î ° ä› ½
`ù•yO„¬|_È=ô? 13. `dz•OQê}ì ~ŒRO ZO^ΰ䛽 U~¡æ_È^ΰ?
Why won't the encroachments be
14. g°ä›½ licence ZO^ΰ䛽 ~Œ^ΰ?
removed on the Main Road?
20. h application form ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 15. D loan D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 clear
„¬iQ®}÷O„¬|_È^ΰ? J=^ΰ?
Why won't your application form be
considered?
Z
Contentment is real wealth. 332
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Will be + III form of the Verb ' J#°
structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx Grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -Future Tense" JO\ì~¡°.
nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Will be + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The course will be commenced on 5th next month.
2. The syllabus will be changed next year.
3. The orders will be sent to them next week.
4. The price of petrol will be hiked again.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Will not + be + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Leave will not be granted to you tomorrow.
2. New taxes will not be levied in the next budget.
3. The exams will not be postponed this time.
4. The work will not be delayed next time.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Will be + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Will you be promoted next year?
2. Will this matter be discussed tomorrow?
3. Will the file be cleared next week?
4. Will the last date be extended to next month?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ „ ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Won't + be + III form of the Verb " L„¬†¶
³ yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Won't this work be finished tomorrow?
2. Won't this book be published next month?
3. Won't you be transfered next month?
4. Won't the arrangements be made for the function tomorrow?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

661. Cremate cremated cremated ^΂¬ì#=òK͆Çò


662. Cumulate cumulated cumulated =$kœK³O^ΰ@
663. Darn darned darned 䛽\÷“KÇH›ø„¬~¡KÇ°@
664. Dash dashed dashed "³¶^ΰH›ù#°@
665. Demand demanded demanded Q®\÷“QêJ_È°Q®°@
666. Deposit deposited deposited x•ÞK͆Çò@
667. Destroy destroyed destroyed <Œ‰×#=òK͆Çò@
668. Detain detained detained x•°„¬ô@, P„¬ô@
669. Detect detected detected H›xÌ„@°“@
670. Discuss discussed discussed KÇióOKÇ°@
671. Disqualify disqualified disqualified J~¡Ý`Ç …è䛽O_ÈK͆Çò@
672. Distil distilled distilled Hêz KÇ…ìÁ~¡°ó@
673. Diverge diverged diverged q_•‡é=ô@
674. Donate donated donated KÇO^¥WKÇ°ó@
675. Drench drenched Drenched `Ç_È°„¬ô@, =òOKÇ°@
676. Dye dyed dyed ~¡OQ®°"͆Çò@
677. Earn earned earned ‹¬O‡•kOKÇ°@
678. Elevate elevated elevated =°#‹¬°L`Œ•‚¬ì„¬~K ¡ °Ç
679. Embrace embraced embraced HÒyeOKÇ°H›ù#°
680. Encash encashed encashed ~ùH›ø=òQê =¶~¡°ó@

D ~ËA …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,


Spoken English lesson
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
334 God helps those who help themselves.
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PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT CONTINUOUS


XHùøH› ø ª•i =°#=ò W`Ç ~ ¡ ° •`Ë =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß „ ¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O continuous Qê
[~¡°„¬|_È°`Ƕ#ß, K͆ǰ|_È°`Ƕ#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO S.S.C. „¬sH›Æ•° x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È° KÇ°#ßq.
J D ~ËA JH›ø_È g°\÷OQ· 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
J W„¬ôæ_È° JH›ø_È XH› bridge xiàOKÇ|_È°KÇ°#ßk.
J D <³• pending files clear K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê W„¬C_È°, D ~ËA, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶ#ß, [~¡°„¬|_È°KǶ#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are + being+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
I, Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Singular Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are+being' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =¶ä›½ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO „¬sH›Æ•° [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßq. 6. letters type K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°#ßq.
Examinations are being conducted Letters are being typed now.
now 7. Invitation cards print J=ô`Ç°<Œß~ò.
2. [†Ç ° ~ŒO kŠ † Í ° @~Ÿ … Õ XH› new film Invitation cards are being printed now.
ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok. 8. D~ËA ~ŒR=°O`Ç\ì LQêk „¬O_È°Q®
A new film is being shown at Jayaram [~¡°„¬|_È°KÇ°#ßk.
Theatre. Ugadi is being celebrated through out
3. _•#ß~HŸ ÷ items `džǶ~¡° J=ô`Ç°<Œß~ò. the state today.
Items are being prepared for dinner 9. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#~ŒRO…Õ =°^•¥¼‚¬ìß ƒ•Õ[#
4. High Way g°^Î @OQ®°@¶~¡° =^Îí a
ã _•û „¬^ŠÎH›O J=°•°…Õ L#ßk.
x~Œà}O…Õ =ô#ßk. The mid-day meal scheme is being
A bridge is being constructed on the implemented in our state at present.
high way at Tangutur. 10. …Õ D~ËA 144= Ì‹H›Æ#°
Hyd. old city
5. Function H÷ U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßq. qk•OKÇ|_•#k.
Arrangements ar being made for the 144 section is being levied in the old
function. city of Hyderabad today.

335
, ,
: 94406 16425 .

11. W„¬C_È° `Í[ K•Œ#…˜…Õ XH› ‹Ôi†Ç°…˜ EXERCISE



ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°KÇ°#ßk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
A serial is being telecast on Teja "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
channel now. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "³ ° i\˜ q^¥¼~¡ ° Ö • ä› ½ ã „ ¬ ` Í ¼ H› HêÁ ‹ ¬ ° •° 1. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO D book market …Õ ƒìQê sale
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°KÇ°#ßq. JQ®°KÇ°#ßk.
Special classes are being conducted 2. D "Œ~¡O =¶ office …Õ urgent files clear
for the meritorious students. K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
13. =¶ colony …Õ ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O Hù`Ç ë roads 3. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Jr. Inter admissions [~¡°Q®°
"͆ǰ|_È° KÇ°#ßq. KÇ°#ßq.
New roads are being laid in our colony 4. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ~Œã+¬“=°O`Œ Panchayat elec-
at present. tions 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßq.
14. D summer …Õ \ì¼O䛽• ^¥Þ~Œ =¶ 5. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Inter q^¥¼~¡°œ•ä›½ D book
colony …Õ drinking water supply prescribe K͆°Ç |_•#k.
K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßk. 6. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È work perfect Qê [~¡°Q®°
Drinking water is being supplied KÇ°#ßk.
through tanks in our colony at present
7. D ~ËA town …Õ communist party
15. S.S.Cq^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½ D ~ËA hall-tickets "ŒiKÍ XH› ƒ•ìs ~Œ¼b x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°
W=Þ|_È°KÇ°#ßq. KÇ°#ßk.
Hall-tickets are being issued to the
8. Merit q^¥¼~¡°œ•ä›½ D <³• intensive
S.S.C. students today
coaching W=Þ|_È°KÇ°#ßk.
16. =¶ä›½ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K³<³ßå#°O_• "³°\©i†Ç°…˜ 9. D ~ËA Australia - India team • =°^•Î¼
supply JQ®°KÇ°#ßk.
oneday match [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßk.
Material is being supplied to us from
10. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O =¶ ‡Ú•=ò…Õ ã„¬uë
Chennai at present.
„¬O_•O„¬|_È°KÇ°#ßk.
17. D "Œ~¡O =¶ office …Õ pending files
11. Teacher post • ƒ•’sHë ÷ interviews
clear K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
Pending files are being cleared in our
office this week.
12. ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò P „²•Á•° "Œi grand parents
KÍ`Ç ‡é+²O„¬|_È°KÇ°<Œß~¡°.
18. D <³ • …Õ telephone connections
W=Þ|_È°KÇ°#ßq. 13. D ~ËA P temple …Õ ã„¬`ͼH› „¬î[•°
New telephone connections are being
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°KÇ°#ßq.
given this month.
14. ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò =°# ~Œã+¬“O…Õ new voters list
19. Jayendra öH‹¬° ‹².a.S. "ŒiKÍ ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë `džǶ~¡Q®°KÇ°#ßk.
K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßk. 15. q•°"³# á ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =$^•¥ JQ®°KÇ°#ßk.
Jayendra's case is being investigated
by the C.B.I.
Z
All is well that ends well. 336
, : 94406 16425

NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH› ø ª•i =°#=ò W`Ç ~ ¡ ° •`Ë =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß „ ¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O continuous Qê
[~¡°„¬|_È°`ǶO_Èx, K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ä›½ salary K³eÁO„¬|_È@O …è^ΰ.
J D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Hã ù`Çë telephone connections W=Þ|_È@O …è^ΰ.
J D ~ËA JH›ø_È „¬x [~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P film =°# town …Õ ã„¬^ÎiÅOKÇ |_È@O…è^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê W„¬C_È°, D ~ËA, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_È°`ǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are+ not+being + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
I, Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'am+not+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Singular Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is+not+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are+not+being' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç = ò P „¬ ^ Š Î H › = ò J=°•° 6. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =¶ä›½ JH›ø_È #°O_• material
„¬~¡KÇ|_È@=ò…è^ΰ. supply JQ®°@…è^ΰ.
The scheme is not being The material is not being supplied to
implemented at present. us from that place at present.
2. ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç=ò P serial „
ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°@…è^°Î . 7. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°# ~ŒRO…Õ entry tax =‹¬¶•°
The serial is not being telecast at K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
present.
The Entry tax is not being collected
3. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P ‹¬ O ‹¬ Ö "ŒiKÍ x~¡ Þ ‚² ì O„¬ in our state at present.
|_È@O…è^ΰ.
The firm is not being maintained by
8. P film W„¬C_È° =°# town …Õ ã„¬^ÎiÅO„¬
them at present. |_È@O…è^ΰ.
4. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =¶ä› ½ computer classes That film is not being shown in our
[~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ. town now.
Computer classes are not being 9. W„¬C_È° JH›ø_È work [~¡°Q®°@…è^ΰ.
conducted to us at present. Work is not being done there now.
5. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO dull students Ì„á ã‰×^Îí KǶ|_È@O 10. „
ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P college …Õ donations =‹¬¶•°
…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ_È@O…è^ΰ.
Attention is not being paid on dull Donations are not being collected in
students. that college at present.
337
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: 94406 16425 .

11. D ~ËA JH›ø_È functions H÷ U~Œæ@°Á EXERCISE


[~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Arrangements are not being made for "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
the function there today. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P ㇕O`ÇO…Õ cotton „¬O_•O„¬ 1. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P firm …Õ accounts ‹¬iQê
|_È@O…è^ΰ. maintain K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
Cotton is not being grown in that area
at present. 2. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ town …Õ drinking water
13. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P WO\÷H÷ J^³í =‹¬¶•° K͆ǰ supply K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
|_È@O…è^ΰ. 3. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P car use K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
Rent is not being collected for that
house at present. 4. D ~ËA =¶ town …Õ |O^£ ‡•\÷O„¬
14. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ "Œi =°^•Î¼ KÇ~ó•¡ ° [~¡Q@
® O…è^°Î . |_È@O…è^ΰ.
Discussions are not being made
among them now.
5. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P =ò‹¬e"Œ~¡° "Œi „²•Á•KÍ
15. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Inter students 䛽 D book ‡é+²O„¬|_È@O…è^ΰ.
prescribe K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ. 6. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O
society …Õ <³ á u H› q•°=•°
This book is not being prescribed to (moral values) ‡•\÷O„¬ |_È@O…è^°Î .
the Inter students at present.
16. „
ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ ration depot • ^¥Þ~Œ rice supply 7. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO u~¡°=°•…Õ †Ç¶ãu䛽•ä›½ cellar
K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ. tickets sale K͆ǰ@O…è^ΰ.
Rice is not being supplied through the
ration depots at present.
8. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO education system …Õ standard
maintain K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
17. P ‹¬O‹¬Ö…Õ L^˼Q®°•ä›½ ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO salaries
K³eÁO„¬|_È@O…è^ΰ. 9. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =¶ hostel …Õ Non-veg. items
Salaries are not being paid to the serve K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
employees in that firm at present.
18. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ƒì¼O䛽• ^¥Þ~Œ ï~á`Ç°•ä›½ loans 10. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO B.C. q^¥¼~¡°Ö•ä›½ scholarship
=°OE~¡° K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ. grant K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
Loans are not being granted to the
farmers through banks.
11. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO schools …Õ „²•Á•ä›½ `³•°Q®°
19. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P hostel …Õ „²•Á•° ‹¬iQê treat „¬^¥¼•° <ÍiæO„¬|_È@O…è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ. 12. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO RTC |‹¬°••…Õ q^¥¼~¡°•ë 䛽 free
The children are not being treated well pass •° issue K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
in that hostel at present.
20. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P case ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë ‹¬iQê [~¡Q®@O 13. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =°# ~ŒRO…Õ [#àƒ•’ ¶ q°
…è^ΰ. Hê~¡¼ãH›=°O x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È@O…è^ΰ.
The case is not being investigated
properly at present. Z
Barrowed garments never fit well. 338
, : 94406 16425

QUESTION FORM
XHùøH› ø ª•i =°#=ò V W `Ç ~ ¡ ° •`Ë =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß „ ¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O continuous Qê
[~¡°„¬[_È°`Ƕ#ß, K͆ǰ|_È°`Ƕ#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO „¬sH›Æ•° x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°KÇ°<Œß†Ç¶?
J D ~ËA JH›ø_È g°\÷OQ·ä›½ U~Œæ@°Á K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È XH› shopping complex x~¡àOKÇ|_È°KÇ°#ß^¥ ?
J D <³• new ration cards issue K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K͆ǰ|_È°KǶ#ß „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# J#Qê W„¬C_È°, D ~ËA, D <³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶ#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are+being+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
'I' Subject Qê
L#ß„¬C_È° 'am+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Singular Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'is+being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'are+being' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. D~ËA JH›ø_È C.M. g°\÷OQ·ä›½ U~Œæ@°Á 6. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO main road repair K͆ǰ|_È°
[~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ß"Œ? KÇ°#ß^¥?
Are the arrangements being made Is the main road being repaired now?
there for the C.M.'s meeting today? 7. qk• serial ETV …Õ WOHê „ã ª¬ •~¡O K͆°Ç
2. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P „¬^HΊ O› q[†Ç°=O`ÇOQê J=°•° |_È°KÇ°#ß^¥?
„¬~¡KÇ|_È°KÇ°#ß^¥? Is the serial "Vidhi" still being telecast
Is the scheme being implemented on ETV.
successfully now? 8. „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Intermediate exams x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ
3. P case WOHê ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ß^¥? |_È°KÇ°#ß"Œ?
Is that case still being investigated? Are Intermediate exams being
conducted at present?
4. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È Hù`Çë theatre x~Œà}O
[~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ß^¥? 9. D "Œ~¡O urgent files clear K͆ǰ|_È°
is a new theatre being constructed
KÇ°#ß"Œ?
Are urgent files being cleared this
there at present?
week?
5. D <³• Hù`Çë ration cards distribute 10. Guests ä› ½ dinner serve KÍ † Ç ° |_È °
K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ß"Œ? KÇ°#ß^¥?
Are new ration cards being distributed Is dinner being served to the guests
this month? now?
339
, : 94406 16425

'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g°ä›½ classes ZH›ø_È x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ
|_È°KÇ°#ßq ? D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Where are the classes being
conducted to you at present ? 1. Merit q^¥¼~¡°•
Ö ä›½ D <³• special classes
12. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P ‹¬O‹¬Ö Z=i KÍ`Ç maintain [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
K͆ǰ|_È°KǶ#ßk ?
By whom is that firm being
2. „
ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P products market …Õ ƒìQê sale
maintained at present ? JQ®°KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
13. W„¬C_È° D material ZH›ø_È䛽 supply 3. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O 'water' film Bengal …Õ
K͆ǰ|_ÈKǶ#ßk? zãfH›iOKÇ|_È°KÇ°#ß^¥ ?
Where is this material being supplied
now ? 4. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Jxß „¬@} “ ì•…Õ PãH=
› °}•°
14. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ~¡`Çß=°‚¬ì…˜…Õ U film ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ `Ë•yO„¬|_È°KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
|_È°KÇ°#ßk ? 5. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO öHOã^Î |_³û\˜ prepare K͆ǰ|_È°
which film is being shown at Ratna
KÇ°#ß^¥ ?
Mahal at present?
15. D application forms ZH›ø_È J=°à|_È° 6. D ~ËA g° institute …Õ function
KǶ#ßq ? celebrate K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ß^¥ ?
Where are these application forms 7. D <³• WO@~Ÿ „¬sH›Æ•° x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°
being sold ?
16. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO J`ÇxH÷ ZO`Ç salary K³eÁO„¬|_È° KÇ°#ß"Œ ?
KÇ°#ßk ? 8. D forms ZH›ø_È J=°à|_È°KÇ°#ßq ?
Howmuch salary is being paid to 9. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO h䛽 ZO`Ç salary K³eÁO„¬|_È°
him now ?
KÇ°#ßk ?
17. D "Œ~¡O English class …Õ U lesson
teach K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßk ? 10. D ~ËA work ZH›ø_È [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßk ?
Which lesson is being taught in the 11. P old age home …Õ ZO`Ç=°Ok Pã‰×†Ç°O
English calss this week ? H›eæOKÇ|_È°KÇ°<Œß~¡° ?
18. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P camp …Õ ZO`Ç = °Ok
Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö 䛽 tH›}
Æ W=Þ|_È°KÇ°#ßk ? 12. Muncipal ZxßH›• ballot papers ZH›ø_È
For howmany candidates is the print K͆ǰ|_È°`Ƕ#ßq ?
training being given in that camp at 13. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P case Z=i KÍ ` Ç ^Î ~ Œ¼„¬ ô ë
present ?
K͆ǰ|_È°KÇ°#ßk ?
19. D building ZO^ΰ䛽 䛕eó "͆ǰ|_È°
KÇ°#ßk ? 14. g° ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Z䛽ø=Qê U „¬O@
Why is that building being demolished „¬O_•O„¬|_È°KǶ#ßk ?
now ? 15. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO "ŒiH÷ training ZH›ø_È W=Þ|_È°
20. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È Uq° „¬x [~¡°Q®°KÇ°#ßk ? `Ç°#ßk ?
What work is being done there at
present ?
Z
Fools are pleased with their own faults. 340
, : 94406 16425

NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH› ø ª•i =°#=ò W`Ç ~ ¡ ° •`Ë =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß „ ¬ C _È ° ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O continuous Qê
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O g° college …Õ seminors x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È@O…è^¥?
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO bank post • x†Ç¶=°Hê•° [~¡Q@® O…è^¥?
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO JH›ø_È D G.O. J=°•°…Õ…è^¥?
J D ~ËA cards „¬O„²}© [~¡Q®@O…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# D~ËA, D"Œ~¡O, D<³•, D
‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx, [~¡„¬|_È°`ǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative
sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Isn't + Aren't + being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Isn't + being' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Aren't being' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ㄬ‹¬°`ÇëO g°ä›½ classes [~¡Q®_ÈO…è^¥? 6. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P serial „
ã ª¬ •~¡=°=@O…è^¥?
Aren't the classes being conducted to Isn't that serial being telecast at
you at present? present?
2. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P „¬^ŠÎH›O J=°•°…Õ…è^¥? 7. WH›ø_È „¬#°ß•° ‹¬iQê =‹¬¶•° Hê=@O
Isn't that scheme being implemented …è^¥?
at present? Aren't the taxes being collected
3. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P movie =°# town …Õ P_È@O regularly?
…è^¥? 8. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P ‡Ú•O…Õ ã„¬uë „¬O_È@O…è^¥?
Isn't that movie being shown in our Isn't cotton being grown in that field at
town at present? present?
4. W„¬C_ÈH›ø_È function 䛽 U~Œæ@°Á [~¡Q®@O 9. Dinner H÷ items `džǶ~¡° Hê=@O…è^¥?
…è^¥? Aren't items being prepared for
Aren't arrangements being made there dinner?
for the function? 10. BSNL ãHù`Çë connections W=Þ|_È@O…è^¥?
5. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P
vehicle use …Õ …è ^ ¥? Aren't new connections being given by
Isn't that vehicle being used now? the BSNL?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g°ä›½ Chennai #°O_• material D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
ZO^ΰ䛽 supply Hê=@O…è^ΰ?
Why isn't the material being supplied
to you from Chennai at present?
12. P modal cars ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ZO^ΰ䛽 sale 1. „ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ g° college …Õ donations =‹¬¶•°
Hê=@O…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^¥?
Why aren't the cars of that model being 2. D ~ËA project report `džǶ~¡° Hê=@O
sold at present? …è^¥?
13. Classcal movies ZO^ΰ䛽 xiàOKÇ|_È@O
…è^ΰ? 3. „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ Hã ù`Çë ration cards =°OE~¡° J=@O
Why aren't classical movies being …è^¥?
made (produced) at present? 4. Voter list …Õ ãHù`Çë À„~¡°Á #"³¶^ΰ Hê=@O
14. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO colleges …Õ ‹¬i†³Ø°# ãH›=°tH›Æ} …è^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È@O…è^ΰ?
Why isn't good discipline being 5. „ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ govt. hospitals …Õ medicines free
maintained in the colleges at present? Qê ‹¬~¡„¦¬~Œ Hê=@O…è^¥?
15. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO ãHù`Çë x†Ç¶=°Hê•° ZO^ΰ䛽 6. D <³•…Õ ãHù`Çë Cellone connections
[~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ? W=Þ|_È@O…è^¥?
Why aren't the new appointments being
made at present? 7. D <³•…Õ Hê…èr…Õ admissions [~¡Q®_ÈO
16. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P project „¬x "ÍQ®OQê ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^¥?
[~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ? 8. „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ g°ä›½ practice tests [~¡Q@
® O …è^¥?
Why isn't the work of that project being
done fast? 9. D ~ËA cricket match T.V …Õ relay J=@O
17. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO T.V Channels …Õ old movies …è^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽 „
ã ª¬ •~¡O Hê=@O…è^°Î ? 10. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO g°ä›½ study classes ZO^ΰ䛽
Why aren't old movies being telecast x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È@O …è^ΰ?
on T.V. Channels at present?
18. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO „¬O_È°Q®•° grand Qê ZO^ΰ䛽 11. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O P case ZO^Î ° ä› ½ ^Î ~ Œ¼„¬ ô ë
[~¡Q®@O…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ?
Why aren't festivals being celebrated 12. „
ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ P „¬^HΊ O› J=°•°…Õ ZO^ΰ䛽 …è^°Î ?
grand at present?
19. ㄬ‹¬°ë`Ç school level …Õ studies …Õ quality 13. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O games ZO^Î ° ä› ½ practise
ZO^ΰ䛽O_È@O…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ|_È@O…è^ΰ?
Why isn't quality being maintained in 14. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO P room ZO^ΰ䛽 use …Õ …è^ΰ?
studies at school level?
20. „ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ ä›•¼ƒì #°O_• WO_•†Ç¶ä›½ sugar 15. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO new polocies ZO^ΰ䛽 book
ZO^ΰ䛽 kQ®°=°u J=@O…è^ΰ? K͆ǰ_ÈO…è^ΰ?
Why isn't sugar being imported to
India from Cuba at present? Z
Success comes to those who are brave. 342
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Am/Is/ Are + being + III form of the
Verb' J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -Present
Continuous Tense" JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶ =ô#ß
[~¡°„¬|_È°KǶ =ô#ß XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Am / Is / Are + being + III form
of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The examinations are being conducted this month.
2. Discussions are being made today.
3. An interesting programme is being made today.
4. Special classes are being conducted this month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_Èx
[~¡°„¬|_È°KǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Am / Is /
Are + not + being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Work is not being done there at present.
2. Water is not being supplied today.
3. New houses are not being constructed in our colony at present.
4. Free passes are not being issued now.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =°#O =¶\ìÁ _ È ° KÇ ° #ß ‹¬ = °†Ç ° =ò# continuous Qê KÍ † Ç ° |_È ° KÇ ¶ #ß ,
[~¡°„¬|_È°KǶ#ß, XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Am / Is / Are +
being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Is the meeting being conducted now?
2. Are the cards being printed now?
3. Is she being kept in the I.C.U.?
4. Are the votes being polled?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_Èx,
[~¡°„¬|_È°KǶO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Isn't / Aren't + being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Is n't milk being sold here?
2. Are n't the files being cleared this week?
3. Is n't the problem being discussed now?
4. Are n't the hall-tickets being issued today?
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning
681. Encroach encroached encroached PãH›q°OKÇ°@
682. Enforce enforced enforced PKÇ~¡}…ÕxH÷ `³KÇ°ó@
683. Enquire enquired enquired qKŒiOKÇ°@
684. Enhance enhanced enhanced Ì„OKÇ°@
685. Enrage enraged enraged HË„¬=ò H›eyOKÇ°@
686. Erase erased erased `Ç°_•z"͆òÇ @
687. Evaporate evaporated evaporated Pqï~á‡é=ô@
688. Excel excelled excelled Z䛽ø=ôQê =ôO_È°@
689. Excite excited excited Z䛽ø= J#°ƒ•’¶u‡ÚO^ΰ@
690. Exclaim exclaimed exclaimed Z䛽ø=Qê ‹¬æOkOKÇ°@
691. Execute executed executed Lif†Çò@
692. Exempt exempted exempted q°#‚¬ð~òOKÇ°@
693. Exhaust exhausted exhausted J•‹¬@ K³O^ΰ@
694. Explode exploded exploded ãÀ„•°@
695. Export exported exported ZQ®°=°u K͆Çò@
696. Extol extolled extolled ‡ÚQ®_È°@
697. Flop flopped flopped J„¬[†Ç°=ò ‡ÚO^ΰ@
698. Glitter glittered glittered "³°~¡†Çò@
699. Guard guarded guarded ~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°@
700. Grumble grumbled grumbled ‹¬}°Q®°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson…Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
344 Idle mind is devil's workshop.
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PASSIVE VOICE - PAST CONTINUOUS


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ con-
tinuous Qê [~¡°„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#, K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß Vijayawada …Õ polling x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬ |_È°`ǶO_•#k.
J x#ß Star Sports channel …Õ match „ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°KǶO_•#k.
J Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡=ò =¶ classes P old building …Õ x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°KǶO_•#q.
J Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O college …Õ degree admissions [~¡°Q®°KǶO_•#q.
Ì „ á "ŒH› ¼ =ò•° Q® ` Ç O …Õ continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`Ç <³•, Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°KǶO_•# „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was/were+being+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° 'was' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'were' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Last week teacher post •ä›½ interviews 5. J„¬C_È° degree students 䛽 D book
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°KÇ°O_•#q. prescribe K͆°Ç |_È°`Ç°O_•#k.
Interviews were being conducted for This book was being prescribed to the
Degree students then.
the teacher posts last week.
6. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° ~ËA•° Lions Club "ŒiKÍ P
2. Last month =¶ä› ½ special classes
Ti…Õ Free Medical Camp x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬
x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°KÇ°O_•#q. |_È°KÇ°O_•#k.
Special classes were being Free medical camp was being
conducted to us last month. organized by the Lion's Club in that
3. x#ß JH›ø_È field work manager KÍ „¬~¡¼ village last two days.
"ÍHOÆ÷ „¬|_È°KÇ°O_•#k. 7. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O P college …Õ donations
The field work was being supervised =‹¬¶•° K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q.
Donations were being collected in that
by the manger there yesterday.
college last year.
4. Last month SBI …Õ House loans
8. Last week P theatre …Õ XH› old film
sanction K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q. „
ã ^
¬ iÎ ÅOKÇ|_È°KÇ°O_•#k.
House-loans were being sanctioned An old film was being shown at that
in the SBI last month. theatre last week.

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9. „
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞ L^˼Q®°•ä›½ J„¬C_È° ƒÕ#‹¹ K³eOÁ „¬ EXERCISE

|_È°`Ç°O_•#k. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
Bonus was being paid to the KÍ
1.†°Ç O_•.
Last month S.S.C „¬sH›Æ•°
government employees then. x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`Ç°O_•#q.
10. ~Œã u JO`Œ Hê…è l …Õ farewell party 2. N.T.R. Hê•O…Õ =°# ~Œã+O“¬ …Õ =°^•¥¼‚¬ìß
[~¡°Q®°KÇ°O_•#k. ƒ•Õ[# „¬^•ÎH=› ò q[†Ç°=O`ÇOQê J=°•°
„¬~¡°KÇ|_È°KÇ°#ßk.
The farewell party was being
3. Last year E.T.V …Õ KŒ}°H› ¼ serial
celebrated in the college last night. „ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®° KÇ°O_•#k.
11. x#ß DD sports channel …Õ cricket match 4. J„¬C_È° P case C.B.I. "ŒiKÍ ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë
relay K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#k.
K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#k.
5. Last year =°# state …Õ entry tax col-
The cricket match was being relayed
lect K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#k.
on the DD Sports Channel yesterday. 6. Q®`Ç ï~O_È° ~ËA•° invitation cards dis-
12. Q® ` Ç O …Õ D factory H÷ raw material tribute K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q.

chennai #°O_• supply KÍ † Ç ° |_È ° 7. Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O JO`Œ pending files clear
K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q.
`Ç°O_•#k.
8. Last year B.C. q^¥¼~¡°œ•ä›½ Lz`ÇOQê
The raw material was being supplied books supply K͆ǰ|_Ȱ`ǰOk#q.
to this factory from Chennai in the past. 9. ãHù`Çë L^˼Q®°•ä›½ last month training
classes x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`Ç°O_•#q.
13. x#ß Telugu class …Õ notes dictate
10. x#ß Jxß T.V. Channels …Õ special
K͆°Ç |_È°`Ç°O_•#k. programmes „ ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°KÇ°O_È°#q.
Note was being dictated in the Telugu 11. x#ß JH›ø_È meeting H÷ U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°
class yesterday. KÇ°O_•#q.
14. x#ß club members 䛽 free pass •° 12. x#ß class …Õ new lesson teach
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k.
issue K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q.
13. ~Œãu JO`Œ "Œi =°^•Î¼ KÇ~ó¡•° [~¡°Q®°
Free passes were being issued to the KÇ°O_•#q.
club members yesterday. 14. Last month =¶ town …Õ PãH›=°}•° Jhß
`ù•yO„¬|_È°KÇ°O_•#q.
15. x#ß P Ti…Õ =~¡^Î ƒìk•`Ç°•ä›½ food
packets „¬O„²}© K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#q.
Z
He who hunts two hares catches neither. 346
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
continuous Qê [~¡ ° „¬ | _È ° `Ç ¶ O_È x , KÍ † Ç ° |_È ° `Ç ¶ O_È x XH› „¬ x x Q® ° iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Lat month =¶ä›½ classes [~¡°Q®° `ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
J x#ß JH›ø_È meeting x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
J D scheme last year J=°•° „¬~¡KÇ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
J Q®`Ç "Œ~¡O =¶ä›½ hall-tickets issue K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =¶ä›½ Q®`ÇO…Õ continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz


‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
Q®`OÇ …Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_È°`ǶO_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was/Were +not+being+III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Singluar Subject J~ò#„¬C_È° 'was' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural Subject J~ò#„¬C_È° 'were not+ being+III form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Last week =¶ä›½ college …Õ classes 6. J„¬C_È° =¶ä›½ school …Õ Hindi ƒÕk•O„¬
[~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. |_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Classes were not being conducted Hindi was not being taught to us in
to us in the college last week. the schools then.
2. Last month WH› ø _È D road 7. x#ß one day cricket match T.V. …Õ relay
"͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
This road was not being laid here last The Oneday cricket match was not
month. being relayed on T.V. yesterday.
3. x#ß JH›ø_È work [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. 8. x#ß JH›ø_È g°\÷OQ·H÷ U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°
Work was not being done there `ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
yesterday. Arrangements were not being made
4. J„¬C_È° 'D<Œ_È°Ñ daily …Õ „ã u
¬ ƒ•’ jiÂH› there for the meeting yesterday.
publish J=ô`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
9. J„¬C_È° =¶ ‡Ú•O…Õ K³~¡ä›½ „¬O_•O„¬
'Pratibha' column was not being
|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Sugarcane was not being grown in
published in Eenadu daily then.
our field then.
5. J„¬ C _È ° Hê…è r •…Õ D courses Jxß 10. Last month P club …Õ cultural
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬ |_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. programmes x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`Ç°O_È…è^ΰ.
All these courses were not being Cultural programmes were not being
conducted in the colleges then. held in that club last month.

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11. WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ =°# state …Õ D scheme EXERCISE


J=°•° „¬~¡KÇ|_È°`Ç°O_È…è^ΰ.
This scheme was not being
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
implemented in our state there. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. D Grammar book last year =¶ä› ½ 1. J„¬ C _È ° WO`Ç strict Qê traffic rules
prescribe K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
‡•\÷O„¬|_È@O…è^°Î .
This Grammar book was not being 2. J„¬C_È° TV Channels …Õ Wxß serials
prescribed to us last year. „
ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°KÇ°O_È…^
è °Î .
13. x#ß P time …Õ tickets issue K͆ǰ|_È°
`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. 3. J„¬ C _È ° WH› ø _È shopping complex
Tickets were not being issued at that xiàOKÇ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
time yesterday. 4. "ŒiH÷ J„¬C_È° bonus K³eÁO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È
14. J„¬ C _È ° taxes strict Qê =‹¬ ¶ •° …è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Taxes were not being collected strictly 5. J„¬C_È° ZxßH›•° WO`Ç strict Qê x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬
then. |_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
15. =¶ä› ½ last week lessons revise 6. =¶ä›½ J„¬C_È° material supply K͆°Ç |_È°
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. `ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Lessons were not being rvised to us
last week. 7. ~Œãu JH›ø_È KÇ~¡ó•° [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
16. x#ß class …Õ notes dictate
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. 8. WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ P theatre …Õ new films
Notes was not being dictated in the ㄬ^ÎiÅO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
class yesterday. 9. Last year =¶ä› ½ classes ‹¬ i Qê
17. WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D office …Õ rules ‹¬iQê x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
‡•\÷O„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…^
è °Î .
Rules were not being followed in that 10. Last year =¶ office …Õ accounts ‹¬iQê
office then. x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
18. XH›„¬C_È° =°# area …Õ D festival 11. J„¬ C _È ° D house H÷ rent =‹¬ ¶ •°
celebrate K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
This festival was not being celebrated
in our area once. 12. J„¬ C _È ° case •° ‹¬ i Qê ^Î ~ Œ¼„¬ ô ë
19. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O D ‹¬O‹¬…Ö Õ L^˼Q®°•ä›½ K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
salaries ‹¬iQê K³eÁO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Salaries were not being paid promptly
13. WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ D machines WH›ø_È
to the employees in that firm last year.
`džǶ~¡=ô`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
20. J„¬ C _È ° =¶ä› ½ JH› ø _È =‹¬ u 14. WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ D q+¬†°Ç =ò•° meeting
H›eæOKÇ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ. •…Õ KÇióO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ.
Accommodation was not being
provided to us there then. Z
Fools build houses and wise men live in them. 348
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò VW`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
continuous Qê [~¡°„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#, K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß Vijayawada …Õ polling x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ |_È°`Ƕ LO_•#^¥ ?
J Q®`Ç ~Œãu JH›ø_È KÇ~•ó¡ ° [~¡°Q®°KǶO_•#"Œ ?
J x#ß Star Sports channel …Õ match „ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®° KǶO_•#^¥ ?
J Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O g° classes P old building …Õ x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È° KǶO_•#"Œ ?
J Q®`Ç"Œ~¡O college …Õ degree admissions [~¡°Q®°KǶO_•#"Œ ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_•# „¬#°•#° ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ J#Qê x#ß Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O, …èH›
Q®`ÇO…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°KǶO_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Was/Were+being+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject - Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° 'was' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'were' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. x#ß T.V. …Õ match relay K͆ǰ|_È° 6. x#ß club …Õ ‹¬ƒ•’°¼•ä›½ pass •° issue
`ǶO_•#^¥? K͆°Ç |_È°KǶO_•#"Œ?
Was the match being relayed on T.V. Were the passes being issued to the
yesterday? club members yesterday?
2. Last week Hyderabad …Õ curfew 7. Last week pending files clear
qk•„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#^¥? K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#"Œ?
Was the curfew being levied in Were the pending files being cleared
Hyderabad last week? last week?
3. Last month college …Õ admissions 8. x#ß D T.V. set repair KÍ † Ç ° |_È °
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#"Œ? `ǶO_•#^¥?
Were the admissions being made in Was this T.V. set being repaired
your college last month? yesterday?
4. Last year ï ~ á ` Ç ° •ä› ½ loans sanction 9. Last month Hù`Çë telephone connections
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#"Œ? W=Þ|_È°KǶO_•#"Œ?
Were the loans being sanctioned to Were new telephone connections
the farmers last year? being given last month?
5. x#ß =~¡^Î ƒìk•`Ç°•ä›½ P‚¬ð~¡ ‡Ú\ìÁ•° 10. Last year =°# ~ŒRO…Õ entry tax collect
„¬O„²}© K͆°Ç |_È°`Ƕ LO_•#"Œ? K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#^¥?
Were food packets being distributed Was the entry tax being collected in
to the flood victims yesterday? our state last year?
349
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. x#ß English class …Õ U lesson teach D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k?
Which lesson was being taught in the
English class yesterday?
1. x#ß JH› ø _È ~Œ¼e x~¡ Þ ‚² ì O„¬ | _È °
12. Q®`ÇO…Õ D WO\÷H÷ ZO`Ç „¬#°ß =‹¬¶•° `ǶO_•#^¥?
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k? 2. Last week nominations ^¥Y•°
Howmuch tax was being collected for K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#"Œ?
this house in the past?
13. WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ <³•¶Á~¡° town H÷ water 3. x#ß cards print K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#"Œ?
ZH›ø_È #°O_• supply KÍ † Ç ° |_È ° 4. Last month Pã H › = °}•° `ù•yO„¬ _ È °
`ǶO_•#k? `ǶO_•#"Œ?
From where was water being
supplied to Nellore town previously?
5. x#ß JH›ø_È KÇ~•ó¡ ° [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_•#"Œ?
14. Q®`OÇ …Õ D ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ Z䛽ø=Qê U „¬O@ 6. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° ㄬu ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ƒÕ#‹¹
„¬O_•O„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#k? K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°O_Í^¥?
Which crop was being grown mostly
7. g° ‡ã •O`ÇO…Õ J„¬C_È° „ ã u¬ ë „¬O_•O„¬|_È°
in this area previously?
15. Q®`ÇO…Õ India 䛽 sugar ZH›ø_È #°O_• `Ç°O_Í^¥?
kQ®°=°u KÍ‹°¬ Hù#|_È°`ǶO_•#k? 8. Q® ` Ç "Œ~¡ = ò interview •° ZH› ø _È
From where was sugar being x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°`ǶO_•#q?
imported to India in the past?
16. x#ß meeting …Õ U q+¬†Ç°O KÇióO„¬|_È° 9. g°H› „ ¬ C _È ° ZO`Ç salary K³ e Á O „¬ | _È °
`ǶO_•#k? `ǶO_•#k?
Which matter was being discussed 10. J„¬ C _È ° "ŒiH÷ Maths …Õ U book
in the meeting yesterday? prescribe K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k?
17. WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ P family Z…ì feed 11. Last series …Õ =°# cricket team
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k? Z=iKÍ`Ç lead K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#k?
How was that family being fed
previoulsy? 12. Last week P theatre …Õ U film
18. h䛽 J„¬C_È° ZO`Ç salary K³eÁO„¬|_È° „
ã ^
¬ iÎ ÅO„¬|_È°KÇ°O_•#k?
`ǶO_•#k? 13. Last week interviews ZH› ø _È
Howmuch salary was being paid to
you then?
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°KÇ°O_•#q?
19. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° JH›ø_È Grammar Z=i KÍ`Ç 14. WO`Ç ä › ½ =òO^Î ° P ‹¬ O ‹¬ Ö Z=iKÍ ` Ç
teach K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k? maintain K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#k?
By Whom was Grammar being taught
to you there then?
15. x#ß P Hê…è*˜…Õ U „¬sH›Æ x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È°
20. WO`Çä½› =òO^ΰ g° amout ZH›ø_È deposit KÇ°O_•#k?
K͆°Ç |_È°`ǶO_•#k?
Where was your amount being
deposited previously? Z
If a blind man leads another blind man, both fall into a ditch. 350
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õ continuous Qê KÍ‹¶
¬ Oë _È|_Èx,
[~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ~¡°.
J x#ß JH›ø_È work [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
J Last month g°ä›½ classes [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
J Last year g°ä›½ D material supply J=ô`ǶO_È…è^¥?
J WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D course x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬ |_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense
…Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…Õ continuous Qê KÍ‹¬¶ëO_È|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Wasn't / Weren't + being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Wasn't' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Weren't' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. J„¬C_È° D entrance tests x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬ 6. x#ß JH›ø_È KÇ~¡ó•° [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
|_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥? Weren't the discussions being made
Weren't these entrance tests being there yesterday?
conducted then? 7. D material g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° supply K͆ǰ
2. x#ß g°ä› ½ college …Õ classes |_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
[~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥? Wasn't this material being supplied to
Weren't the classes being conducted you then?
to you in the college yesterday?
8. Last year D bank …Õ loans sanction
3. J„¬C_È° J`ÇxH÷ salary K³eÁO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
…è^¥? Weren't the loans being sanctioned in
Wasn't the salary being paid to him this bank last year?
then?
9. J„¬C_È° D vehicle use K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È
4. x#ß JH›ø_È „¬x [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥? …è^¥?
Wasn't work being done there Wasn't this vehicle being used then?
yesterday?
5. x#ß JH›ø_È U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^¥? 10. x#ß pass •° *ìs K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
Weren't the passes being issued
Weren't the arrangements being made
yesterday?
there yesterday?

351
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: 94406 16425 .

11. D „¬^ŠÎH›=ò J„¬C_È° ZO^ΰ䛽 J=°•° EXERCISE


J=ô`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Why wasn't this scheme being "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
implemented then? KÍ
1.†°Ç g°ä›
O_•.½ J„¬C_È° grammar <ÍiæOKÇ|_È°`ǶO_È
12. J„¬C_È° taxes ‹¬iQê ZO^ΰ䛽 =‹¬¶•° …è^¥?
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ?
Why weren't the taxes being collected
2. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° studies …Õ ã‡é`Ç•‚²ìO„¬
then?
|_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
13. D channel …Õ J„¬C_È° serials ZO^ΰ䛽 3. Last year donations =‹¬ ¶ •° KÍ † Ç °

ã ª¬ •~¡=°Q®°KÇ°O_È…^
è °Î ? |_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
Why weren't the serials being telecast 4. J„¬C_È° bills regular Qê K³eÁO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È
on this channel then? …è^¥?
14. Last month files ZO^Î ° ä› ½ clear
5. x#ß cards distrubute K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? …è^¥?
Why weren't the files being cleared last
month? 6. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° J#°=°u •a•‹¬¶Oë _È…^ è ¥?
15. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° bonus ZO^ΰ䛽 K³eÁO„¬ 7. Last year D news paper Ongole unit
|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? #°O_• circulate J=ô`ǶO_È…è^¥?
Why wasn't bonus being paid to you
8. Last week JH›ø_È interviews [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È
then?
…è^¥?
16. WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D club …Õ programmes
ZO^ΰ䛽 x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? 9. D movie last week D theratre …Õ
Why weren't the programmes being ㄬ^ÎiÅO„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…è^¥?
conducted in this club then? 10. x#ß cricket match T.V. …Õ relay J=ô`ǶO_È
17. Last summer g° town …Õ drinking water …è^¥?
ZO^ΰ䛽 supply K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? 11. g°ä›½ J„¬C_È° notes ZO^ΰ䛽 dictate
Why wasn't drinking water being
supplied in your town last summer?
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ?
18. J„¬ C _È ° D rules ZO^Î ° ä› ½ follow 12. g° ㇕O`ÇO…Õ WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ K³~¡ä›½
J=ô`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬O_•O„¬|_È°`ǶO_È…^ è °Î ?
Why weren't these rules being 13. Last month ã H ù`Ç ë licences ZO^Î ° ä› ½
followed then? =°OE~¡° K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ?
19. Last four years ã H ù`Ç ë x†Ç ¶ =°Hê•°
ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡°Q®°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? 14. P show room …Õ WO`Ç䛽=òO^ΰ credit
cards ZO^ΰ䛽 J#°=°uOKÇ|_È°`ǶO_È
Why weren't the new appointments
being made last four years?
…è^ΰ?
20. D case Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ZO^ΰ䛽 ^Î~Œ¼„¬ôë 15. WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ D medicine ZO^ΰ䛽
K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ? prescribe K͆ǰ|_È°`ǶO_È…è^ΰ?
Why wasn't this case being
investigated last year? Z
No man can serve two masters. 352
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Was/Were + being + III form of
the Verb' J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D structure #° grammar …Õ "Passive
Voice -Past Continuous Tense" JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò.
D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`ÇHê•O continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°KǶO_•#, [~¡°„¬|_È°KǶO_•# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Was/Were + being + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Work was being done here yesterday.
2. Cards were being distributed yesterday.
3. The programme was being organized yesterday.
4. Arrangements were being made yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`ÇHê•O continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_È°KǶO_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Was/Were + not + being + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. This vehicle was not being used last year.
2. Passes were not being issued then.
3. New appointments were not being made last year.
4. The material was not being supplied then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx HùO`ÇHê•O continuous Qê K͆°Ç |_È°KÇ°O_•#, [~¡°„¬|_È°KÇ°O_•# XH› „¬xx
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Was/Were + being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Was this bridge being constructed last year?
2. Were the admissions being made last month?
3. Was this scheme being implemented last year?
4. Were the hall tickets being issued yesterday?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx HùO`ÇHê•O continuous Qê K͆ǰ|_È°KǶO_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_È°KǶO_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Wasn't / Weren't+ being + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Wasn't paddy being grown here then?
2. Weren't English movies being shown here then?
3. Wasn't the problem being discussed yesterday?

353
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

701. Guard guarded guarded Hꇕ_Ȱ@


702.` Gurgle gurgled gurgled ‹¬•‹¬•HêQ®°@
703. Guzzle `guzzled guzzled P‰×Qê ƒ•’°lOKÇ°@
704. Habituate habituated habituated J•””"Œ@°„¬_È°@
705. Haggle haggled haggled „¬@°“^ΕK͆Çò@
706. Harass harassed harassed ƒìk•OKÇ°@
707. Harden hardened hardened H›i”#=ò K͆Çò@
708. Haunt haunted haunted ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°@
709. Hearken hearkened hearkened P•H÷OKÇ°@
710. Heckle heckled heckled J_È°Ûㄬ‰×ß•°”"͆Çò@
711. Hesitate hesitated hesitated ‹¬O^Í‚²ìOKÇ°,
"³ò‚¬ì=¶@„¬_È°
712. Hint hinted hinted ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@
713. Hobnob hobnobbed hobnobbed H›•‹²"³°•‹² =ôO_È°@
714. Huddle huddled huddled Q®O^Î~¡Qˈ×=ò K͆Çò@
715. Hypothecate hypothecated hypothecated 䛽^ΰ=Ì„@°“@
716. Ignite ignited ignited „¬ôiHù•°æ@, ~¡Q®°•°ó@
717. Illustrate illustrated illustrated L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°@
718. Imbibe imbibed imbibed ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°@
719. Imitate imitated imitated J#°H›iOKÇ°@
720. Immerse immersed immersed =òOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.
Z
354 Be a Roman when you are in Rome.
, : 94406 16425

PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT PERFECT


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° (just) W„¬C_ÍQêx, already WO`Ç䛽
=òO^ΰ Z„¬C_ËQêx, WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ Qêx K͆ǰ|_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J D letters W„¬C_Í type K͆°Ç |_•#q.
J =¶ house plan already approval K͆°Ç |_•#k.
J W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ =¶ä›½ 25 application forms JOk#q.
J J`ÇxH÷ already loan sanction J~ò#k.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° W„¬C_Í, WO`Ç䛽=òO^Í, WO`Ç=~¡ä›• K͆ǰ|_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 W„¬C_Í K͆°Ç |_•# „¬xx Q®°iOz Qêx, WO`Çä½›
=òO^Í K͆ǰ|_•# „¬xx Q®°iOz Qêx, WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ XH› „¬x Zxß „¬~Œ¼†Ç°=ò•° K͆ǰ|_•#k,
[~¡°„¬|_•#k ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have/Has+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
Subject Singular ('I' q°#‚¬ð) J~ò#„¬C_È° 'has been' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'have been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. D öHH± just W„¬C_Í `džǶï~á#k. 7. J`Ç x financial problem already
This cake has been made just now. „¬i‘•ø~¡=°~ò¼Ok.
2. Meeting just W„¬C_Í commence J~ò#k. His financial problem has already been
The meeting has been commenced solved.
just now. 8. =¶ä› ½ already appointment orders
3. D letters just W„¬C_Í type K͆°Ç |_•#q. JOk#q.
These letters have been typed just The apppointment orders have already
now. been received to us.
4. Work just W„¬C_Í „¬îië J~ò#k. 9. Cricket match tickets Jhß already
The work has been finished just now. J~ò‡é~ò#q.
5. D message W„¬C_Í JOk#k. All the tickets for the cricket match have
This message has been received just already been sold.
now. 10. D q+¬†Ç°=ò…Õ already XH› x~¡â†Ç°O
6. =¶ syllabus already „¬îiëJ~ò#k. f‹¬°Hù#°@ [iy#k.
Our syllabus has already been A decision has already been taken in
completed. this matter.

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11. "Œi house - loan already clear J~ò#k. EXERCISE


Their house loan has already been
cleared.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
12. Exam date already announce K͆ǰ K͆°Ç O_•.
|_•#k. 1. D work just W„¬C_Í finish J~ò#k.
The exam date has already been
announced. 2. Shop just W„¬C_Í close J~ò#k.
13. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ =¶ä›½ maths …Õ <Œ•°Q®° 3. programme just W„¬ôæ_Í commence
chapters „¬îië J~ò#q.
J~ò#k.
Four chapters have been completed
in Mathematics to us sofar. 4. Dinner just W„¬ôæ_Í serve K͆°Ç |_•#k.
14. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ 2000 cards print J~ò#q.
2000 cards have been printed sofar.
5. =‹¬°ë=ô•° just W„¬C_Í deliver J~ò#q.
15. D<³•…Õ W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ 6 films release 6. D book already publish J~ò#k.
J~ò#q.
Six films have been released this 7. dinner H÷ items already `džǶ~¡~ò#q.
month sofar. 8. S.S.C. „¦ ¬ e `Œ•° already
16. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ "³•°QùO_È project 䛽 150 „ã H¬ \
› O÷ KÇ|_•#q.
HË@°Á ~¡¶‡•†Ç°•° Y~¡°ó J~ò#k.
Rs. 150 crores has been spent for the 9. Degree admissions already close
Velugonda project sofar. J~ò#q.
17. W„¬ æ \÷ = ~¡ ä › ½ D scheme …Õ 21 Hù`Ç ë
policies book J~ò#q.
10. Function H÷ already U~Œæ@°Á [iy#q.
21 new policies have been booked 11. D "Œ~¡O W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ 22 files clear
in this scheme sofar. J~ò#q.
18. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ D books 4000 copies sale
J~ò#q. 12. D match …Õ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ 132 overs
4000 copies of this book have been bowl K͆°Ç |_•#q.
sold sofar.
19. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ D ~ËA ~¡¶. 15000 collect 13. =¶ showroom …Õ D <³•…Õ W„¬æ\÷
J~ò#k. =~¡ ä › ½ 25 Sony T.V. sets sale
Rs. 15000 has been collected this J~ò<Œ~ò.
month sofar. 14. W„¬ æ \÷ =~¡ H › "Œi account …Õ
20. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ =¶ä›½ 20 application forms Rs. 2,50,000 deposit K͆°Ç |_•#k.
JOk#q.
20 application forms have been 15. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä½› „
ã H¬ ê‰×O l…ìÁ…Õ 2,412 Cell
received to us sofar. One connections W=Þ|_•<Œ~ò.

Z
Better be alone than in bad company. 356
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê …èH›
WO`Ç=~¡ä›• K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Lunch H÷ WOHê items `džǶ~¡° Hê…è^ΰ.
J =¶ „¬sH›Æ `Ík WOHê Y~Œ~¡° Hê…è^ΰ.
J =¶ Hê…èl…Õ _•ãw admissions WOHê =òy†Ç°…è^ΰ.
J =¶ä›½ WOHê telephone connection W=Þ|_È…è^ΰ.

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ WOHê K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.


D q^•ÎOQê =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have/Has+not+been + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ
'I' 'We' 'You', 'They' - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Have' =KÇ°ó#°.
'He' - 'She', 'It' - Subject Qê L#ß„¬C_È° 'Has' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =¶ college WOHê reopen Hê…è^ΰ. 7. Degree „¬sHÆê „¦¬e`Œ•° WOHê ㄬH›\÷OKÇ
Our college has not yet been |_È…è^ΰ.
reopened. The Degree examination results have
2. =¶ä›½ WOHê orders JO^Î…è^ΰ. not yet been announced.
The orders have not yet been 8. <Œä›½ WOHê loan sanction Hê…è^ΰ.
received to us. The loan has not yet been sanctioned
3. P W•°Á WOHê Mìm J=…è^ΰ. to me.
The house has not yet been vacated. 9. =¶ä›½ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O WOHê ‹²•|‹¹ „¬îië
4. P file WOHê clear J=…è^ΰ. Hê…è^ΰ.
That file has not yet been cleared. Our syllabus has not yet been
completed this year.
5. Hêjà~Ÿ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ WOHê „¬i‘•ø~¡O Hê…è^°Î .
The Kashmir problem has not yet been 10. Wedding cards WOHê distribute Hê…è^ΰ.
solved. The wedding coards have not yet been
distributed.
6. Programme WOHê "³ò^Ε°Hê…è^ΰ.
The programme has not yet been 11. =¶ work WOHê „¬îië Hê…è^ΰ.
commenced. Our work has not yet been finished.

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12. Lunch H÷ items WOHê `džǶ~¡° Hê…è^ΰ. EXERCISE


Items have not yet been prepared for D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
lunch.
K͆°Ç O_•.
13. Cheque WOHê encash Hê…è^ΰ. 1. P dress WOHê stitch K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ.
The cheque has not yet been
encashed. 2. Letters WOHê post Hê…è^ΰ.

14. WOHê tickets book K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. 3. =¶ colony …Õ WOHê roads "͆°Ç |_È…^
è °Î .
The tickets have not yet been booked.

15. Cards WOHê print Hê…è^ΰ.


4. D ~ËA WOHê milk supply J=…è^ΰ.
The cards have not yet been printed.
5. Amount WOHê collect J=…è^ΰ.
16. ZxßH› • notification WOHê issue
K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. 6. Function H÷ WOHê U~Œæ@°Á Hê…è^ΰ.
The election notification has not yet
7. J`ÇxH÷ D <³• WOHê salary K³eÁO„¬
been issued. |_È…è^ΰ.
17. Flyover construction WOHê „¬îië Hê…è^ΰ.
8. WOHê x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°Hù#|_È…è^ΰ.
The construction of Fly-over has not
yet been completed. 9. P G.O. WOHê pass Hê…è^ΰ.
18. Ì‹•=ô•° WOHê ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
10. =¶ house construction WOHê
The holidays have not yet been
„¬îiëHê…è^ΰ.
declared.

19. T.V. set WOHê repair K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. 11. Admission list WOHê ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
The T.V. set has not yet been repaired.
12. Letters WOHê deliver Hê…è^ΰ.
20. =¶ä›½ WOHê P message JO^Î…è^ΰ.
The message has not yet been
13. Project Report WOHê `džǶ~¡°Hê…è^ΰ.
received to us.
14. ãHù`Çë text books WOHê print Hê…è^ΰ.
15. P case f~¡°æ WOHê "³•°=_È…è^ΰ.

Z
Pebbles and diamonds are alike to a blind man. 358
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò VW`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° W„¬C_ÍQêx, WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ
Z„¬C_ËQêx, WO`Ç=~¡ä½› Qêx K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J D letters just W„¬C_Í type K͆°Ç |_•#"Œ ?
J g° house plan already approval K͆°Ç |_•#^¥?
J W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ g°ä›½ 25 applications JOk#"Œ?
J J`ÇxH÷ already loan sanction K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° W„¬C_Í, WO`Çä½› =òO^Í, WO`Ç=~¡ä½› K͆°Ç |_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê =°#O =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 W„¬C_Í K͆°Ç |_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Qêx, WO`Çä½›
=òO^Í K͆°Ç |_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Qêx, WO`Ç=~¡ä½› XH› „¬x Zxß „¬~Œ¼†Ç°=ò•° K͆°Ç |_•#k,
[~¡°„¬|_•#k „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Have/Has+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular (I q°#‚¬ð) J~ò#„¬C_È° 'has been' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'have been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. D letters just W„¬C_Í deliver KÍ † Ç ° 6. Admission list already „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ „¬|_•#^¥?
|_•#"Œ? Has the admission list already been
Have these letters been delivered announced ?
justnow? 7. D news g°ä›½ already `³e‹²#^¥ ?
2. Programme just W„¬ C _Í commence Has this news already been known
J~ò#^¥ ? to you ?
Has the programme just been 8. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ D <³•…Õ h䛽 ~¡¶. 2000
commenced ? Y~¡°ó J~ò#^¥ ?
3. D item just W„¬C_Í `džǶ~¡° J~ò#^¥ ? Has Rs. 2000 been spent to you this
Has this item just been prepared ? month sofar ?
4. g° house loan already clear J~ò#^¥? 9. W„¬ æ \÷ =~¡ ä › ½ D loan ä› ½ <Œ•°Q® °
Has your house loan already been instalments K³eO Á „¬|_•#"Œ ?
cleared ? Have four instalments been paid for this
5. =°# journey H÷ tikets already book loan sofar ?
K͆°Ç |_•#"Œ ? 10. W„¬ æ \ ÷ =~¡ ä › ½ D ~ËA 8 files clear
Have the tickets already been booked K͆°Ç |_•#"Œ ?
for our journey ? Have eight files been cleared today
sofar ?
359
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. g°ä›½ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ Mathematics …Õ Zxß D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
chapters teach K͆°Ç |_•#q?
Howmany chapters have been taught
to you in Mathematics sofar ?
1. g° bill just W„¬C_Í pass J~ò#^¥?
12. D match …Õ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ Zxß overs 2. g° class work just W„¬C_Í „¬îië J~ò#^¥?
bowl K͆°Ç |_•#q ?
Howmany overs have been bowled 3. D news g°ä›½ just W„¬C_Í `³e‹²#^¥?
in this match sofar ? 4. D <³• g°ä›½ already salary K³eÁO„¬
13. h studies H÷ h䛽 WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó |_•#"Œ?
J~ò#k?
Howmuch amount has been spent on 5. S.S.C. „¬ s H› Æ Hall tickets already
your studies sofar ? „¬O„¬|_•#"Œ?
14. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ ZO`Ç =°Ok Jƒ•’¼~¡°œ•°
interview K͆°Ç |_•<Œ~¡° ?
6. g°ä› ½ already classes commence
Howmany candidates have been J~ò#"Œ?
interviewed sofar ? 7. W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ g°ä›½ ZO`Ç amount K³eÁO„¬
15. D <³•…Õ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ Zxß films release |_•#k?
J~ò#q?
Howmany films have been released 8. W„¬ æ \ ÷ =~¡ ä › ½ Englsih …Õ g°ä› ½ Zxß
this month sofar ? lessons complete J~ò#q?
16. D bank …Õ D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O W„¬\ “ ÷ =~¡ä½› 9. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡° P school …Õ ZO`Ç =°Ok
ZO`Ç amount deposit K͆°Ç |_•#k ?
Howmuch amount has been „²•Á•° admit J~ò<Œ~¡° ?
deposited in this bank this year sofar? 10. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ "ŒiKÍ Zxß programmes
17. D serial W„¬æ¬\÷ =~¡ä›½ Zxß episodes x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#q ?
telecast J~ò#q ?
Howmany episodes have been 11. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä½› D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Zxß telephone
telecast in this serial sofar ? connections W=Þ|_•#q ?
18. D "Œ~¡O W„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ Zxß files clear 12. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä½› D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Zxß teacher
K͆°Ç |_•#q?
Howmany files have been cleared this posts ƒ•’së K͆°Ç |_•#q ?
week sofar ? 13. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ P T.V. Channel …Õ Zxß
19. D shopping complex …Õ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ serials telecast J~ò#q ?
Zxß shops sale J~ò<Œ~ò ?
Howmany shops have been sold in 14. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ g° father zH÷`•Ç H÷ ZO`Ç
that shopping complex sofar ? amount Y~¡°ó J~ò#k ?
20. ãHù`Çë voter list …Õ W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ Zxß À„~¡°Á 15. W„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ g° house construction H÷
#"³¶^ΰK͆°Ç |_•#q ? ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó J~ò#k ?
Howmany names have been enrolled
in the new voter list sofar ? Z
A barking dog never bites. 360
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽
WOHê K͆ǰ|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h䛽 D month WOHê salary ~Œ…è^¥?
J g°ä›½ WOHê syllabus „¬îië Hê…è^¥?
J P cheque WOHê encash Hê…è^¥?
J WOHê g° work „¬îië Hê…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOH›#¶ K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#°
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#=ò =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê ( Yet ) K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Haven't + Hasn't + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Hasn't been' =KÇ°ó#°.
Plural J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Haven't been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Bill WOHê pass Hê…è^¥? 6. Loan WOHê clear Hê…è^¥?
Hasn't the bill yet been passed? Hasn't the loan yet been cleared?

2. h䛽 D <³• WOHê salary ~Œ…è^¥? 7. P ãHù`Çë movie WOHê q_È°^ΕHê…è^¥?


Hasn't the salary yet been paid to you Hasn't that new movie yet been
this month? released?

3. g° results WOHê ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È…è^¥? 8. Lunch H÷ items WOHê `džǶ~¡°Hê…è^¥?


Haven't the results yet been Haven't the items yet been prepared
announced? for lunch?

4. Programme WOHê "³ò^Ε°Hê…è^¥? 9. Cards WOHê print Hê…è^¥?


Hasn't the programme yet been Haven't the cards yet been printed?
commenced?
10. Amount WOHê collect Hê…è^¥?
5. g°ä›½ WOHê orders JO^Î…è^¥? Hasn't the amount yet been collected?
Haven't the orders yet been received
to you?
361
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1.1. Problem WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬i‘•ø~¡O D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't the problem yet been
solved? 1. WOHê P case f~¡°æ "³•°=_È…è^¥?
12. P†Ç°# WOHê hospital #°O_• ZO^ΰ䛽 2. Letters WOHê type Hê…è^¥?
discharge Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't he yet been discharged 3. T.V. set WOHê repair Hê…è^¥?
from the hospital?
4. g° file WOHê verify Hê…è^¥?
13. WOHê U~Œæ@°Á ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
Why haven't the arrangements yet 5. Admissions WOHê close Hê…è^¥?
been made?
6. School WOHê re-open Hê…è^¥?
14. h=ô WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 promote Hê…è^ΰ?
Why haven't you yet been promoted? 7. Hall tickets WOHê issue K͆ǰ|_È…è^¥?
15. „¬sH›Æ•° WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡Q®…è^ΰ? 8. P movie WOHê censor Hê…è^¥?
Why haven't the exams yet been
conducted? 9. WOHê x~¡†
â °Ç O ZO^ΰ䛽 f‹¬°Hù#|_È…^
è °Î ?
16. P college …Õ seats WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 ƒ•’së 10. Cards WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 distribute Hê…è^ΰ?
Hê…è^ΰ?
Why haven't the seats yet been filled 11. D ~ËA milk WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 supply
up in that college? Hê…è^ΰ?
17. Course WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 =òy†Ç°…è^ΰ? 12. „¬sH›Æ WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 "³ò^Ε°Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't the course yet been
completed? 13. =°#䛽 D ª•i material WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽
supply Hê…è^ΰ?
18. P book WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 publish Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't that book yet been 14. J`ÇxH÷ WOHê licence ZO^ΰ䛽 issue
published? Hê…è^ΰ?
19. Construction WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 „¬îië Hê…è^°Î ? 15. g°ä›½ WOHê payment ZO^ΰ䛽 [~¡Q®…è^ΰ?
Why hasn't the construction yet been
completed?
20. Notification WOHê ZO^ΰ䛽 issue Hê…è^°Î ?
Why hasn't the notification yet been
issued?
Z
A friend's frown is better than a fool's smile. 362
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Have / Has + been + III form of
the Verb' J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -
Present Perfect Tense" JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form
3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts
XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
=°#O =¶\ìÁ_°È ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 W„¬C_Í ( Just now ) Hêx, WO`Çä½› =°òO^³„C¬ _Ë (already)
Qêx K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Have / Has + been +
III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. This cake has been made just now.
2. These letters have been typed just now.
3. The message has already been sent to them.
4. The files have already been cleared.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È° ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê (Yet) K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Have not / Has not + been + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The problem has not yet been solved.
2. The admissions have not yet been closed.
3. The decision has not yet been taken.
4. The arrangements have not Yet been made.
3. QUESTION FORM :
=°#O =¶\ìÁ_°È ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 W„¬C_Í ( Just now ) Hêx, WO`Çä½› =°òO^³„C¬ _Ë (already)
Qêx K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Have /
Has + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Has this item been prepared just now?
2. Have the books already been sold?
3. Has the matter been known to you just now?
4. Have the tickets already been looked?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°#O =¶\ìÁ_È° ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 WOHê ( Yet) K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Haven't / Hasn't+ been + III form of the Verb
" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Hasn't the notification yet been issued?
2. Haven't the classes yet been commenced?
3. Hasn't the bill yet been paid?
4. Haven't the book yet been printed?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

721. Stretch stretched stretched ‡Ú_È°Q®°K͆Çò@


722. Suspend suspended suspended xe„²"͆Çò@
723. Thicken thickened thickened zH›ø„¬~¡KÇ°@
724. Thrash thrashed thrashed ^•¥#¼=ò#¶~¡°@ ó
725. Tickle tickled tickled KÇH÷øeyO`Ç•°Ì„@°“@
726. Transform transformed transformed ~¡¶„¬=ò=¶~¡°ó@
727. Tremble trembled trembled =}°ä›½@
728. Tweak tweaked tweaked yeÁ"³°e†Ç°ƒÿ@°“
729. Twine twined twined À„#°@, „¬ôi"͆Çò@
730. Twinkle twinkled twinkled q°}°ä›½q°}°ä›½=°#°@
731. Vex vexed vexed HË„¬=ò`³KÇ°ó@
732. Waddle waddled waddled TQ®°`Ƕ#_È°KÇ°@
733. Wander wandered wandered ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°@
734. Waver wavered wavered ‹¬O‰×~òOKÇ°@
735. Whet whetted whetted ª•#, „¬^°Î #°Ì„@°“@
736. Whittle whittled whittled z=ôÞ@, K³ä›½ø@
737. Widen widened widened "³_È•°æK͆Çò@
738. Wink winked winked H›#°ï~„¬æHù@°“@
739. Wither withered withered "Œ_•‡é=ô@, ZO_•‡é=ô@
740. Wreathe wreathed wreathed =¶•H›@°“@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
364 All things that great men do are welldone.
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PASSIVE VOICE - PAST PERFECT


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õ „¬îië J~ò# ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ
=òO^ΰQê K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß class H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷, lesson „¬îië J~ò#k.
J "Í°=ò JH›ø_Èä½› "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷, JH›ø_È U~Œæ@°Á x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#q.
J <Í#° Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O Ti #°O_• uiy =KÍ‹ó i¬ H÷ =¶ results „ã H¬ \› O÷ „¬|_•#q.
J "Í°=ò x#ß theatre H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ \÷ïHø@°Á J=òà_È~ò‡é~ò#q.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê K͆°Ç |_•# „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê
K͆°Ç |_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'had been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. "Í°=ò JH›ø_È䛽 "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ programme 6. "Í°=ò press 䛽 "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ =¶ cards print
"³ò^Ε~ò#k. J~ò=ô#ßq.
The programme had been The cards had been printed before we
commenced before we went there. went to the press yesterday.
2. x#ß guests =KÍ ó ‹ ¬ i H÷ U~Œæ @ °Á „¬ î ië 7. J`Ç_È° enquiry KÍÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í P
J~ò#q. college …Õ admissions close J~ò#q.
The arrangements had been made The admissions had been closed in
before the guests arrived yesterday. that college before he enquired.
3. "Í°=ò x#ß theatre H÷ KÍ~°¡ 䛽<Í ‹¬iH÷ ticket 8. "Í°=ò function hall H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ dinner
counter close J~ò#k. serve K͆°Ç |_•#k.
The ticket counter had been closed Dinner had been served before we
before we went to the theatre. went to the function hall.
4. "Í°=ò x#ß Municipal Office H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ 9. "Œ~¡° x#ß WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó‹¬iH÷, work „¬îië
=¶ file clear J~ò#k. J~ò#k.
Our file had been cleared before we The work had been completed before
went to the municipal office. they came here yesterday
5. x#ß "Œ~¡° WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó‹¬iH÷ x~¡â†Ç°O 10. <Í # ° K³ „ ¬ æ H › = °òO^Í "ŒiH÷ D news
f‹¬°HË=@O [iy#k. `³e‹²#k.
The decision had been taken before The news had been known to them
they came here yesterday. before I told them.

365
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EXERCISE
11. "Í°=ò shop H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iöH =¶ TV set
iÀ„~¡° K͆°Ç |_•†Çò#ßk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
Our TV set had been repaired before
K͆°Ç O_•.
we went to the shop. 1. <Í#° x#ß class H÷ =KÍó ‹¬iH÷, notes dic-
12. "Í°=ò hospital H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iöH J`ÇxH÷ tate K͆°Ç |_•#q.
P„¬ö~+¬<£ [iy#k. 2. "Í°=ò JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ 䛽<Í ‹¬iH÷ H÷ dinner
The operation had been conducted items `džǶ~¡° J~ò=ô#ßk.
to him before we went to the hospital. 3. "Í°=ò WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í =¶
13. "Í°=ò Ti #°O_• uiy =KÇ‹ óÍ i¬ H÷, ra- bill pass J~ò#k.
tion cards „¬O„²}© K͆°Ç |_•<Œ~ò. 4. "Œ~¡° D town H÷ shift J†Í°¼^¥xH÷
The ration cards had been distrib- =òO^Í WH› ø _È house construct
uted before we returned from our vil-
K͆°Ç |_•#k.
lage. 5. "Í°=ò "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ P"³° hospital #°Oz
discharge J~ò#k.
14. <Í#° apply KÍÀ‹^¥xH÷ =òO^Í P course
…Õ seats ƒ•’së J~ò#q. 6. "Í°=ò x#ß match KǶ‹ À O^ΰ䛽 stadium
H÷ "͈õ¤ ‹¬iH÷ 20 overs J~ò‡é~ò#k.
The seats had been filled up before I
applied.
7. "Í°=ò x#ß school H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ *ÿO_¨
Pq+¬ø~¡} (hoist) J~ò#k.
15. "Í ° =ò JH› ø _•H÷ "³ ˆ õ ¤ ‹¬ i H÷ KÇ ~ ¡ ó • ° 8. <Í#° P course …Õ join J†Í°¼ ^¥xH÷
=òy‹²#q. =òO^Í two chapters „¬îië J~ò#q.
The discussions had been closed
9. "Í°=ò JH›ø_È䛽 "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷, x~¡â†Ç°O
before we went there. f‹¬°Hù#|_•#k.
16. "Í°=ò x#ß Chennai KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í ‹¬iöH =¶ 10. <Í#° ~Œãu JH›ø_È䛽 "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ P shop
^ÎQ®¾~¡ =ô#ß money Y~¡ó~ò‡é~ò#k. colse J~ò=ô#ßk.
The money we had with us had been 11. "Í°=ò "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ KÇióO„¬|_•#k.
spent before we reached Chennai 12. <Í#° x#ß exam centre H÷ KÍ~¡°Hù<Í ‹¬iH÷
yesterday. exam "³ò^Ε~ò#k.
17. <Í#° x#ß college H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í ‹¬iöH 13. "Í°=ò theatre H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷ tickets sale
seminor "³ò^Ε~ò#k. J~ò‡é~ò<Œ~ò.
The seminor had been commenced 14. "Í ° =ò =¶ native place #°Oz
before I reached college yesterday. =KÍó‹¬iH÷, =¶ results „ã H¬ \
÷ O÷ „¬|_•#q.
18. "Í°=ò x#ß bus-stand H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iöH seats 15. "Í°=ò JH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷ amount ready
reserve J~ò#q. Qê L#ßk.
The seats had been reserved before
we reached the bus-stand yesterday. Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#°

À ~ùø#°KǶ J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê =¶ results ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
J J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê =¶ colony …Õ Wxß houses xiàO„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
J J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê JÌ‹OcÁ ZxßH›•° x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È…è^ΰ.
J J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê programme ‡ã •~¡Oa•O„¬|_È …è^°Î .
J J„¬æ\÷H÷OHê notification "³•°=_È…^è °Î .

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê K͆°Ç |_Èx „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„C¬ KǶ, P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOHê K͆°Ç |_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had+not+been + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Had not been" =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ cousre commence 6. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê „¬O*샘 ‹¬=°‹¬¼ „¬i‘•ø~¡O
Hê…è^ΰ. Hê…è^ΰ.
Our course had not yet been The Punjab problem had not yet been
commenced by then. solved by then.
2. J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê D house construct 7. J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê =¶ results ã „ ¬ H › \ ÷ O „¬
K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ. |_È…è^ΰ.
This house had not yet been Our results had not yet been
constructed by then. announced by then.
3. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D cards print Hê…è^ΰ. 8. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê D notification "³•°=_È…^
è °Î .
These cards had not yet been printed This notification had not yet been
by then. issued by then.
4. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê öHOã^ÎO…Õ B.J.P. „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO 9. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D book publish Hê…è^ΰ.
U~¡æ_È…è^ΰ. This book had not yet been published
The B.J.P. government had not yet by then.
been formed by then. 10. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ bill pass Hê…è^ΰ.
5. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê tickets sale Hê…è^ΰ. Our bill had not yet been passed by
The tickets had not yet been sold by then.
that time.
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11. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê schools reopen Hê…è^ΰ. EXERCISE


The schools had not yet been
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
reopened by then.
12. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê =°# ~ŒRO…Õ TDP K͆°Ç O_•.
1. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê =¶ exam. date announce
government U~Œæ@°Hê…è^ΰ.
Hê…è^ΰ.
The TDP government had not yet been
formed in our state by then. 2. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ syllabus „¬îiëHê…è^ΰ.
13. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê JH›ø_È work „¬îiëHê…è^ΰ.
The work had not yet been finished 3. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê =¶ä› ½ telephone
there by then. connection W=Þ|_È…è^ΰ.

14. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ä›½ orders JO^Î…è^ΰ. 4. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê D news =¶ä›½ `³e†Ç°…è^°Î .
The orders had not yet been received
to us by then. 5. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê J`ÇxÌ„á case file Hê…è^ΰ.
15. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D scheme ‡ã •~¡Oa•O„¬
|_È…è^ΰ. 6. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =¶ brother B.Tech …Õ
admit K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ.
This scheme had not yet been
launched by then.
7. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê P case judgement
16. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê ordinance pass Hê…è^ΰ. "³•°=_È…è^ΰ.
This ordinance had not yet been
passed by then. 8. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D show room open
17. J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê interviews x~¡ Þ ‚² ì O„¬ Hê…è^ΰ.
|_È…è^ΰ. 9. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê U~Œæ@°Á „¬îië Hê…è^ΰ.
The interviews had not yet been
conducted by then. 10. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê exam. commence Hê…è^ΰ.
18. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê J`Ç_È° Hyderabad H÷
transfer Hê…è^ΰ.
11. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê dinner H÷ items
He had not yet been transfered to
`džǶ~¡°Hê…è^ΰ.
Hyderabad by then. 12. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê new text book publish
19. J„¬æ\÷H÷ P"³° WOHê hospital …Õ admit Hê…è^ΰ.
K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ.
She had not yet been admited to 13. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê "Œi =°^•Î¼ KÇ~•ó¡ ° [~¡°Q®…^
è °Î .
hospital by then.
14. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P†Ç°# arrest Hê…è^ΰ.
20. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P college …Õ seats ƒ•’së
Hê…è^ΰ. 15. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê ticket counter close Hê…è^°Î .
The Seats had not yet been filled up
in that college by then.
Z
A living ass is better than a dead lion. 368
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò VW`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° Q®`OÇ …Õ „¬îië J~ò# ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ
=òO^ΰQê K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ ã t¬ ßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° x#ß class H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷, lesson „¬îië J~ò#^¥ ?
J g°~¡° "³ˆ¤õ ‹¬iH÷ JH›ø_È U~Œæ@°Á x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ|_•#"Œ ?
J h=ô Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O Ti #°O_• uiy=KÍó ‹¬iH÷ g° results „ã H¬ \› O÷ „¬|_•#"Œ ?
J g°~¡° x#ß theatre H÷ "³ˆõ¤ ‹¬iH÷, \÷ïHø@°Á J~ò‡é~ò<Œ†Ç¶ ?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê K͆°Ç |_•# „¬#°•#° „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õ „¬îië J~ò# ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê K͆°Ç |_•#, [~¡°„¬|_•# XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Had been' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ 䛽<Í ‹¬iH÷, JH›ø_È „¬x 6. "Œ~¡° WH›ø_È䛽 =KÍó^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, U~Œæ@°Á
„¬îië K͆°Ç |_•#^¥? K͆°Ç |_•#"Œ ?
Had the work been completed before Had the arrangements been made
you reached there ? before they came here ?
2. h=ô apply KÍÀ‹^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, P Hê…èl…Õ 7. h=ô college H÷ KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í ‹¬iH÷, exam
admissions =òy‹²#"Œ ? ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKÇ|_•#^¥ ?
Had the admissions been closed in Had the examination been commen-
that college before you applied ? ced before you reached the college ?
3. h=ô g° Ti#°O_• =KÍ^ ó ¥xH÷ =òO^Í, g° 8. g°~¡° x#ß office H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ g° file verify
„¬sHÆê „¦e¬ `Œ•° „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ „¬|_•#"Œ ? K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ?
Had the examination results been Had your file been verified before you
announced before you came from your went to office yesterday?
village ? 9. J`Ç_È° letter ã"ŒÀ‹^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, tickets
4. h=ô J`Çxx H›eÀ‹ ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, bank book K͆°Ç |_•#"Œ?
#°O_• money withdraw K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ? Had the tickets been booked before
Had the amount been withdrawn from he wrote the letter ?
the bank before you met him ? 10. N P.V. „¬ ^ Î q =^Î … è ^ ¥xH÷ =òO^Í ,
5. x#ß g°~¡° press H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷, cards JKÇ°ó ordinance *ìs K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ?
"͆°Ç |_•#"Œ ? Had the ordinance been passed
Had the cards been printed before you before Sri P.V. left his post ?
went to the press yesterday ?

369
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE


11. h=ô P HË~¡°•…Õ KÍ~ö ‹¬iH÷ Zxß lessons
D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
teach K͆°Ç |_•#q ?
Howmany lessons had been taught
before you joined the course ? 1. x#ß h=ô complex H÷ "³ˆ¤õ‹i¬ H÷, shop close
12. h=ô J`Çxx H›eÀ‹ ‹¬iH÷, ZO`Ç amount K͆°Ç |_•=ô#ß^¥?
collect J~ò#k? 2. x#ß g°~¡° JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ 䛽<Í ‹¬iH÷, work
Howmuch amount had been „¬îië J~ò=ô#ß^¥ ?
collected before you met him ?
13. g°~¡° JH›ø_•H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ Zxß cards 3. g°~¡° JH›ø_ÈH÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷ programme
JKÇ°"ó †
Í °Ç |_•#q ? "³ò^Ε~ò#^¥ ?
Howmany cards had been printed 4. g°~¡° JH›ø_ÈH÷ KÍ~°¡ Hù<Í ‹¬iH÷, P "Œ~¡ë town
before you went there ? JO`Œ "Œ¼„²OzO^¥ ?
14. g°~¡° ‹¬ÞO`ÇO KÍ‹¬°Hù<Í ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ,
P ‹¬O‹¬Ö Z=i KÍ`Ç maintain K͆°Ç |_• 5. g°~¡ ° hospital H÷ "³ ˆ õ ¤ ‹¬ i H÷ , P"³ °
#k? discharge K͆°Ç |_•#^¥ ?
By whom had that firm been 6. h=ô institute H÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷, letters type
maintained before you owned it ? K͆°Ç |_•=ô#ß"Œ ?
15. h=ô P course H÷ apply KÍÀ‹‹¬iH÷, P
HË~¡°•…Õ Zxß seats fill up K͆°Ç |_•<Œ~ò? 7. g°~¡° J`Çxx H›e‹ À ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, x~¡† â °Ç O
Howmany seats had been filled up
f‹¬°Hù#|_•#^¥ ?
before you applied for that course ? 8. h=ô K³„ À æ^¥xH÷ =òO^Í, "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†°Ç O
16. h=ô x#ß interview H÷ "³ˆ¤‹õ i¬ H÷, ZO`Ç=°Ok `³e‹²#^¥ ?
Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö ° interview K͆°Ç |_•<Œ~¡° ? 9. J`Ç_È° service „¬îië KÍÀ‹^¥xH÷ =òO^Í,
Howmany candidates had been
ZO^ΰ䛽 `ù•yOKÇ|_•<Œ_È° ?
interviewed before you went there ?
17. D station …Õ x†Ç¶=°H›O ‡ÚO^Í^¥xH÷ 10. g°~¡° J`Çxx H›eÀ‹‹¬iH÷, ZO`Ç amount
=òO^Î ° , J`Ç _ È ° ZH› ø _È tH› Æ } Y~¡°ó J~ò=ô#ßk ?
‡ÚO^Î|_•<Œ_È°? 11. g°~¡° JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íö~ ^¥xH÷ =òO^ΰ,
Where had he been trained before he g°ä›½ message JOk#^¥ ?
got appointment in this station ?
18. g°~¡° JH›ø_ÈH÷ "³ˆõ¤‹¬iH÷, JH›ø_È U~Œæ@°Á 12. h=ô L^˼Q® O ‡ÚO^Í ^ ¥xH÷ =òO^Î ° ,
Z=iKÍ`Ç K͆°Ç |_•#q ? Z=iKÍ`Ç KÇkqOKÇ|_•<Œ=ô ?
By whom had the arrangements been 13. h=ô WH›ø_•H÷ transfer ‡ÚO^Í ^ ¥xH÷
made there before you went there ? =òO^ΰ, ZH›ø_È x†Ç°q°O„¬|_•<Œ=ô ?
19. g°~¡° x#ß stadium H÷ "³ˆ¤õ‹i¬ H÷, Zxß overs
bowl K͆°Ç |_•#q ?
Howmany overs had been bowled
before you went to the stadium ? Z
Jack of all trades, master of none. 370
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ J„¬æ\÷=~¡ä›½ WOH›#¶ (Yet) K͆ǰ|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense
…Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê g° ‹¬=°‹¬¼ „¬i‘•ø~¡O Hê…è^¥? J J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê Degree „¦¬e`Œ•° ~Œ…è^¥?
J J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê college re-open Hê…è^¥? J J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =°# ~Œ*ì¼OQ®O U~¡æ_È…è^¥?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò=~¡ä›½ WOH›#¶ K͆ǰ|_Èx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„C¬ KǶ, P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò =~¡ä½› WOH›#¶ ( Yet ) K͆°Ç |_Èx,
[~¡°„¬|_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz negative sense …Õ ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Hadn't + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Hadn't been' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê g°ä›½ D q+¬†°Ç O `Çe³ †Ç°^¥? 6. J„¬æ\÷H÷ work WOHê „¬îië Hê…è^¥?
Hadn't this matter yet been known to Hadn't the work yet been finished by
you by then? then?
2. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê programme "³ ò ^Î • ° 7. J„¬æ\÷H÷ admissions WOHê =òy†Ç°…è^¥?
H›ê…è^¥? Hadn't the admissions yet been closed
Hadn't the programme yet been by then?
commenced? 8. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê budget ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“|_È…è^¥?
3. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê g°ä›½ orders JO^Î…è^¥? Hadn't the budget yet been presented
Hadn't the orders yet been received to by then?
you by then? 9. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê results ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È…è^¥?
4. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê D book publish Hê…è^¥? Hadn't the results yet been announced
Hadn't this book yet been published by then?
by then? 10. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê U~Œæ@°Á [~¡°Q®…è^¥?
5. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê g°ä›½ syllabus „¬îië Hê…è^¥? Hadn't the arrangements been made
Hadn't the syllabus yet been completed by then?
by then?
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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê report ZO^ΰ䛽 `džǶ~¡° D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the report yet been
prepared by then?
1. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê classes "³ò^Ε°Hê…è^¥?
12. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê permission ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 2. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê schedule „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ „¬|_È…^
è ¥?
~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the permission yet been 3. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê cards print Hê…è^¥?
granted by then?
13. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P house Mìm ZO^ΰ䛽 4. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê g°ä›½ message JO^Î…è^¥?
J=…è^ΰ? 5. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê h䛽 loan sanction Hê…è^¥?
Why hadn't house yet been vacated by
then? 6. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê course „¬îiëHê…è^¥?
14. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê x~¡ â † Ç ° O ZO^Î ° ä› ½
f‹¬°H›ù#|_È…è^ΰ? 7. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê report submit
Why hadn't the decision yet been taken K͆ǰ|_È…è^¥?
by then?
15. J„¬ æ \ ÷ H ÷ WOHê hä› ½ salary ZO^Î ° ä› ½ 8. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P movie q_È°^ΕHê…è^¥?
~Œ…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the salary yet been paid to
9. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê J`Ç _ È ° P post …Õ
you? x†Ç°q°O„¬|_È…è^¥?
16. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P qãQ®‚¬ì Pq+¬ø~¡} ZO^ΰ䛽 10. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê amount ZO^ΰ䛽 collect
[~¡°Q®…è^ΰ? Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the statue yet been
unveiled by then? 11. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê =‹¬°ë=ô•° ZO^ΰ䛽 deliver
17. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê tickets ZO^ΰ䛽 book Hê…è^ΰ?
K͆ǰ|_È…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the tickets yet been booked 12. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê P project x~Œà}O ZO^ΰ䛽
by then? „¬îiëHê…è^ΰ?
18. J„¬ æ \÷ H ÷ WOHê items ZO^Î ° ä› ½
`džǶ~¡°Hê…è^ΰ? 13. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê bill ZO^ΰ䛽 pass Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the items yet been
prepared by then?
14. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê party …Õ dinner ZO^ΰ䛽
serve Hê…è^ΰ?
19. J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ WOHê G.O ZO^ΰ䛽 pass Hê…è^°Î ?
Why hadn't the G.O. yet been passed 15. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê amount ZO^ΰ䛽 deposit
by then?
Hê…è^ΰ?
20. J„¬æ\÷H÷ WOHê notification ZO^ΰ䛽 issue
Hê…è^ΰ?
Why hadn't the notification yet been
issued by then? Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Had + been + III form of the Verb'
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -Past Perfect Tense"
JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J#° 4 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 4 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê K͆ǰ|_•#, [~¡°„¬|_È•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Had + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The programme had been commenced before we went there yesterday.
2. The letters had been typed before he came here.
3. The work had been finished before we went there.
4. The notes had been dictated before I entered the class.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„¬CKǶ J„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ WOH›#¶ K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Had not + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ
=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The decision had not yet been taken by then.
2. The tickets had not yet been sold by then.
3. The orders had not yet been received to us by then.
4. The problem had not yet been solved by then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx ï~O_È° „¬#°•…Õ =òO^ΰQê K͆ǰ|_•#, [~¡°„¬|_È•# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Had + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Had the exam been commenced before you reached the college?
2. Had the cards been printed before you went there?
3. Had the shop been closed before you went there?
4. Had the arrangements been made before the guests came?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#° K³„¬CKǶ J„¬æ\÷ =~¡ä›½ WOH›#¶ K͆ǰ|_Èx, [~¡°„¬|_Èx XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Hadn't + been + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Hadn't the letters been posted by then?
2. Hadn't the results been announced by then?
3. Hadn't the items been prepared by then?
4. Hadn't the file been cleared by then?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

741. Immigrate immigrated immigrated =•‹¬=zó x=tOKÇ°@


742. Immolate immolated immolated |eWKÇ°ó@
743. Impale impaled impaled ‰×´•=ò`ˇÚ_•zKÇO„¬ô@
744. Imprison imprisoned imprisoned K³~ª¡ ••…Õ |Ok•OKÇ°@
745. Incite incited incited „¬ôiHù•°æ@
746. Incubate incubated incubated ãQ®°_ÈÁ#° ‡Ú^ΰQ®°@
747. Inculcate inculcated inculcated ƒìQê J~¡Ö=°Q®°#@°Á
ƒÕk•OKÇ°
748. Indict indicted indicted <Í~¡=ò"³¶„¬ô@
749. Infect infected infected ~ËQ®=ò#° JO\÷OKÇ°
750. Inject injected injected …Õ„¬eH÷ ZH÷øOKÇ°
751. Inscribe inscribed inscribed ‰§‹¬#=ò edOKÇ°@
752. Insert inserted inserted …ÕxH÷^Ë„¬ô@
753. Instigate instigated instigated „¬ôiQù•°æ
754. Instruct instructed instructed <Í~¡°æ@, L„¬^ÍtOKÇ°@
755. Insure insured insured c•=¶ K͆òÇ @
756. Integrate integrated integrated XH›\÷QêK͆Çò@
757. Intercede interceded interceded `ÇiøOKÇ°@
758. Interpret interpretted interpretted J~¡Ö=òK³„¬C@
759. Interrogate interrogated interrogated ㄬtßOKÇ°@
760. Intersperse interspersed interspersed JKÇó@KÇó@ =ôOKÇ°@
D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
Negative Question Form ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i
D 4 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
374 Labour conquers everything.
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PASSIVE VOICE - FUTURE PERFECT


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~¡°•`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°KÇ°#ß„¬C_È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› xsâ`Ç
‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…Õ„¬• K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• Jxß cards„¬O„²}© K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò. J ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• D file verifiy J=ô`Ç°Ok.
J =KÍó <³• …Õ„¬• =¶ syllabus „¬îië J=ô`Ç°Ok. J =KÍó"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• P necklace `džǶ~¡°
J=ô`Ç°Ok.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ „¬îië K͆°Ç |_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ^Ί ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ''Will have +been+III form' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Next month 15th …Õ„¬• =¶ syllabus 6. ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO 10 Q®OII• …Õ„¬• g°ä›½
„¬î~¡ë=ô`Ç°Ok. =‹¬°ë=ô•° deliver J=ô`Œ~ò.
Our syllabus will have been The goods will have been delivered
completed by 15th next month. to you by 10 a.m. tomorrow.
2. Next Monday …Õ„¬ • D work 7. D ~ËA 4 p.m. …Õ„¬• D Hê~¡°Û•° print
„¬î~¡ë=ô`Ç°Ok. J=ô`Œ~ò.
This work will have been finished by These cards will have been printed
next Monday. by 4 p.m. today.
3. Next December …Õ„¬• House loan clear 8. Next Monday …Õ„¬ • admission list
J=ô`Ç°Ok. announce K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°Ok.
The house loan will have been The admission list will have been
cleared by next December. announced by next Monday.
4. Next March …Õ„¬• D book publish 9. Pending files Jhß next week …Õ„¬• clear
J=ô`Ç°Ok. J=ô`Œ~ò.
This book will have been published All the pending files will have been
by next March. cleared by next week.
5. Next Month 10 th …Õ„¬• H
ã ù`Çë „
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO 10. Next June …Õ„¬ • bridge
U~¡æ_È°`Ç°Ok. xiàOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok.
The new government will have been The bridge will have been
formed by 10th of next month. constructed by next June.
375
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11. ö~„¬\÷…Õ„¬• D T.V. set repair K͆ǰ EXERCISE


|_È°`Ç°Ok. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
This T.V. set will have been repaired "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
by tomorrow. KÍ
12. Next month …Õ„¬• g° problem solve
1.†°Ç O_•.
~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• "ŒiH÷ message
J=ô`Ç°Ok. JO^ΰ`Ç°Ok.
Your problem will have been solved 2. Next monday …Õ„¬• amount JO`Œ col-
by next month. lect J=ô`Ç°Ok.
13. ~
ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• amount ready Qê 3. Next Monday …Õ„¬• D tickets Jhß sale
LO@°Ok.
The amount will have been kept ready
J=ô`Œ~ò.
by tom orrow evening. 4. ö~„¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO…Õ„¬• final decision
14. ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• function 䛽 Jxß f‹¬°HË|_È°`Ç°Ok.
U~Œæ@°Á K͆ǰ|_È°`Œ~ò. 5. April 1st …Õ„¬• Jhß public „¬sH›Æ•°
All the arrangements will have been
x~¡Þ‚²ìO„¬|_È`Œ~ò.
made for the function by tomorrow
evening. 6. Q®O@…Õ„¬• Jhß items `džǶ~¡=ô`Œ~ò.
15. Next Monday …Õ„¬ • report submit 7. next june …Õ D course complete
K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°Ok. J=ô`Ç°Ok.
The report will have been submitted
8. Next month 10th …Õ„¬• Group - 1 ãHù`Çë
by next Monday.
notification "³•°=_È°`Ç°Ok.
16. P case judgement next month 10th
…Õ„¬• deliver J=ô`Ç°Ok. 9. Next year …Õ„¬• town …Õ ãHù`Çë~Ë_ÈÁhß
The judgement of the case will have "͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò.
been delivered by 10th of next month. 10. ö~„¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO 5 'O' clock …Õ„¬ •
17. Next month …Õ„¬ • ã H ù`Ç ë G.O. pass ‡éeOQ· =òQ®°‹¬°ëOk.
J=ô`Ç°Ok.
The new G.O. will have been passed 11. Next Monday …Õ„¬• ZxßH›• „¦¬e`Œ•°
by next month. ㄬH›\÷OKÇ|_È`Œ~ò.
18. D house next 1st …Õ„¬ • vacate 12. D book [#=i 14…Õ„¬ • publish
J=ô`Ç°Ok. J=ô`Ç°Ok.
This house will have been vacated
by next first.
13. ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA•…Õ project report
19. August 10th …Õ„¬• degree admissions `džǶ~¡=ô`Ç°Ok.
close J~ò‡é`Œ~ò. 14. Next monday …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ amount
Degree admissions will have been K³eÁO„¬|_È°`Ç°Ok.
closed by August 10th
15. Next year …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ Jxß =‹¬`Ç°•°
20. ö ~ „¬ ô ª•†Ç ° Oã ` Ç O …Õ„¬ • g°ä› ½ orders
„¬O„¬|_È°`Œ~ò. H›eæOKÇ|_È`Œ~ò.
The orders will have been sent to you
by tomorow evening.
Z
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò VW`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò
…Õ„¬• K͆ǰ|_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• Jxß cards „¬O„²}© J=ô`Œ†Ç¶? J ~ö „¬\÷ …Õ„¬• D file verifiy J=ô`Ç°O^¥?
J =KÍó <³• …Õ„¬• =¶ syllabus „¬îië J=ô`Ç°O^¥? J =KÍó"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• P necklace `džǶ~¡°
J=ô`Ç°O^¥?

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• K͆°Ç |_È° „¬#°•#° „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• ~ö „¬ô, =KÍ"ó Œ~¡O, =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH›
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx =°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³#á #° K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Will have+been+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Will have + been + III form of the Verb' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. =KÍó 5= `Ík …Õ„¬• orders JO^ΰ`Œ†Ç¶? 6. ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• P Hê~¡° repair K͆ǰ
Will the orders have been received |_È°`Ç°Ok ?
by 5th of next month. Will that car have been repaired by
2. ö ~ „¬ \ ÷ …Õ„¬ • D letters dispatch this evening ?
K͆ǰ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ? 7. =KÍ ó PQ® + ¬ µ “ …Õ„¬ • g° ‹² • |‹¹ „¬ î ië
Will these letters have been J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
dispatched by tomorrow ? Will the syllabus have been
3. =KÍ ó <³ • …Õ„¬ • Hù`Ç ë x†Ç ¶ =°Hê•° completed by next August ?
[~¡°Q®°`Œ†Ç¶ ? 8. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• D tickets sale J=ô`Œ†Ç¶?
Will the new appointments have been Will these tickets have been sold by
made by next month ? tomorrow ?
4. =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …Õ„¬• JH›ø_È bridge 9. =KÍó <³• 1= `Ín …Õ„¬• amount collect
xiàO„¬|_È°`Ç°O^¥ ? J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
Will the bridge have been Will the amount have been colleted
constructed there by next year ? by 1st of next month ?
5. ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• D cards Jx߆Çò 10. =KÍó ªé=°"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• =°# „¦¬e`Œ•°
distribute K͆ǰ|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ? ㄬH›\÷O„¬|_È`Œ†Ç¶ ?
Will these cards have been Will our results have been announced
distributed by tomorrow evening ? by next Monday ?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

11. Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• _•ãw admissions close D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
J=ô`Œ~ò ?
When will the degree admissions have 1. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ orders JO^ΰ`Œ†Ç¶?
been closed ?
12. ª•†Ç°Oã`ÇO …Õ„¬• Zxß letters type 2. Next Monday …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ syllabus „¬îië
K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò ? J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
Howmany letters will have been 3. Next month …Õ„¬• classes commence
typed by this evening ? J=ô`Œ†Ç¶ ?
13. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• Zxß tikets sale J=ô`Œ~ò ?
Howmany tickets will have been sold
4. Next December …Õ„¬• P a ã _•û x~Œà}O
by tomorrow ? „¬îiëJ=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
14. Z„¬ æ \÷ …Õ„¬ • JH› ø _È work „¬ î ië 5. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• money collect J=ô`Ç°O^¥?
J=ô`Ç°Ok? 6. =KÍó"Œ~¡O …Õ„¬• P"³° hospital #°Oz
When will the work have been
discharge J=ô`Ç°O^¥?
completed there?
15. P W•°Á Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• xiàOKÇ|_È°`Ç°Ok? 7. Next year …Õ„¬ • g° course „¬ î ië
When will the house have been J=ô`Ç°O^¥ ?
constructed?
8. Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• S.I. posts ƒ•’së K͆°Ç |_È
16. ö ~ „¬ \ ÷ …Õ„¬ • ZO`Ç amount =‹¬ ¶ •° `Œ~ò ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
Howmuch amount will have been 9. Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• degree admissions close
collected by tomorrow ? J=ô`Œ~ò ?
17. =KÍó <³• …Õ„¬• g°ä›½ Zxß lessons teach 10. ~ö „¬ô ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• Zxß bills pass
K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò ? K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò ?
Howmany lessons will have been
taught to you by next month ? 11. Next month …Õ„¬ • ZO`Ç Y~¡ ° ó
18. hä› ½ loan Z„¬ æ \÷ …Õ„¬ • sanction K͆ǰ|_È°`Ç°Ok ?
J=ô`Ç°Ok ? 12. Next Monday …Õ„¬• Zxß application
When will the loan have been forms JO^ΰ`Œ~ò ?
sanctioned to you ?
19. Z„¬æ\÷…Õ„¬• P plan approve J=ô`Ç°Ok? 13. ö ~ „¬ \ ÷ …Õ„¬ • Zxß pages compose
When will the plan have been K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~ò ?
approved ? 14. D ~ËA ª•†Ç°Oã`OÇ …Õ„¬• ZO`Ç=°Ok
20. ö~„¬\÷ …Õ„¬• Zxß ‡•@•° compose Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö ° interview K͆ǰ|_È`Œ~¡° ?
J=ô`Œ~ò?
Howmany songs will have been
15. Z„¬æ\÷ …Õ„¬• P W•°Á Mìm J=ô`Ç°Ok ?
composed by tomorrow ? Z
No sweet without sweat. 378
39 DAY
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?

D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Will have + been + III form of the
Verb' J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nxx grammar …Õ "Passive Voice -Future
Perfect Tense" JO\ì~¡°. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Question Form J#° 2 parts
<Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 2 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :

ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò …Õ„¬• K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Will have + been + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. The course will have been completed by next month.

2. The G.O. will have been passed by next December.

3. The admission will have been closed by August 10th.

4. The payment will have been made by next Monday.

2. QUESTION FORM :

ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› xsâ`Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…Õ„¬• K͆°Ç |_È°, [~¡°„¬|_È° XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Will have + been + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Will this work have been finished by tomorrow?

2. Will the amount have been collected by next week?

3. Will the file have been cleared by next month?

4. Will the house have been constructed by next month?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

761. Jabber jabbered jabbered „¬xH÷~Œx=¶@•°


=¶\ìÁ_È°@
762. Jade jaded jaded J•‹¬@ H›eyOKÇ°@
763. Jam jammed jammed W~¡°ä›½JQ®°@
764. Joint jointed jointed ‹¬O^ΰ•#°KÍ~¡°ó@
765. Jolt jolted jolted 䛽keOKǰ@
766. Jumble jumbled jumbled `Œ~¡°=¶~¡°K͆Çò@
767. Land landed landed ‹¬°ëuOKÇ°@
768. Launder laundered laundered LuH÷ KÇ•°=K͆Çò@
769. Lebitate lebitated lebitated Ì„áH÷Zyi Qêe…Õ u~¡°Q®°@
770. Liberate liberated liberated q_•„²OKÇ°@
771. Limp limped limped 䛽O@°KÇ° #_È°KÇ°@
772. Lisp lisped lisped #OyQê =¶\ìÁ_È°@
773. Loiter loitered loitered ªé=°iQê u~¡°Q®°@
774. Loll lolled lolled ã"Í…ì_È°@
775. Loose loosened loosened ‹¬_ÈeOKÇ°@
776. Loot looted looted ^ËKÇ°H›ù#°@
777. Lop lopped lopped Hù=°à•#° #~¡ä›½@
778. Lull lulled lulled *Õ•‡•@‡•_È°@
779. Lurk lurked lurked #H÷ø†ÇòO_È°@
780. Lynch lynched lynched qKŒ~¡}K͆ǰH› KÇO„¬ô@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Question Form, ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡°
H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 2 parts KÇ^=Î O_•! g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß
"ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
380 A winner never quits and a quitter never wins.
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MIGHT HAVE
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹²
=ôO_È=KÇ°ó#x T‚²ìOz K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô |‚¬•‰§ J`Çxx WO`Ç䛽=òO^Í H›e‹² LO_È=KÇ°ó.
J =¶ brother |‚¬•‰§ x#ß K³<³áß KÍ~¡°Hùx LO_È=KÇ°ó.
J P"³° |‚¬•‰§ `Ç# friends JO^Îih invite KÍ‹² LO_È=KÇ°ó.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È work finish KÍ‹² LO_È=KÇ°ó.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó#x
T‚²ìOzK³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹² †ÇòO_È=KÇ°ó #x T‚²ìOz
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Might have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ Might have L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g°~¡° |‚¬•‰§ D film already KǶ‹² 6. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ x#ß JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íi
LO_È=KÇ°ó. =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
You might have already seen this film. They might have started there
2. =¶ brother D ~ËA L^Î † Ç ° O K³ < ³ á ß yesterday.
KÍ~¡°Hùx LO_È=KÇ°ó. 7. |‚¬•‰§ h=ô D book KÇk"Í =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
My brother might have reached You might have read this book.
Chennai this morning. 8. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß JH› ø _È =°# message
3. =¶ cousin |‚¬•‰§ bank test H÷ apply JO^ΰHùx LO_È=KÇ°ó.
KÍ‹² LO_È=KÇ°ó. They might have received our
My cousin might have applied for the message there yesterday.
bank test. 9. =¶ cousin x#ß =°#䛽 JH›ø_È tickets
4. x#ß <³•¶Á~°¡ …Õ =~¡ÂO „¬_•LO_È=KÇ°.ó book KÍ‹² LO_È=KÇ°ó.
It might have rained in Nellore Our cousin might have booked the
yesterday. tickets for us there yesterday.
5. h=ô |‚¬•‰§ D q+¬†Ç°O =°iz‡é~ò 10. |‚¬ • ‰§ D time H÷ G.T. Express
LO_È=KÇ°ó. "³o¤‡é~ò LO_È=KÇ°ó.
You might have forgotten this matter. The G.T. Express might have left by
now.
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11. |‚¬ • ‰§ "Œ~¡ ° D news `³ e ‹² H ùx EXERCISE


LO_È=KÇ°ó. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
They might have known this news. "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
12. |‚¬•‰§ g°~¡° J`Çxx KǶÀ‹ LO_È=KÇ°ó. K͆°Ç O_•.
You might have seen him. 1. h=ô |‚¬ • ‰§ D course KÍ ‹ ²
13. |‚¬•‰§ "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È work finish KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó#°.
LO_È=KÇ°ó. 2. g°~¡ ° |‚¬ • ‰§ WO`Ç ä › ½ =òO^Î ° D
They might have finished the work experience face KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
there yesterday. 3. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ Congress Party H÷ votes
14. =¶ father last week <Œä›½ money „¬O„² "Í‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
LO_È=KÇ°ó. 4. J`Ç _ È ° |‚¬ • ‰§ `Ç # bag bus …Õ
My father might have sent me money ‡éQù@°“Hùx=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
last week. 5. P"³ ° ~Œã u |‚¬ • ‰§ "Œo¤ O \ÕÁ stay
15. =¶ aunt x#ß Hyderabad …Õ heart KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
specialist #° consult J~ò LO_È=KÇ°ó. 6. "Œ~¡° last month |‚¬•ˆì P loan clear
My aunt might have consulted the KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
heart specialist in Hyderabad yesterday. 7. h=ô |‚¬ • ‰§ D book Chennai …Õ
16. P†Ç°# W„¬æ\÷H÷ office #°O_• WO\÷H÷ uiy Hùx=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
=zó LO_È=KÇ°ó. 8. g°~¡° |‚¬•‰§ x#ß "Œi`Ë D q+¬†Ç°O
He might have returned from the office discuss KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
by now. 9. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ h Ì„á# police 䛽 complaint
17. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß =°#HË‹¬ O Z^Î ° ~¡ ° KÇ ¶ ‹² KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
LO_È=KÇ°ó. 10. P†Ç ° # |‚¬ • ‰§ "Œi proposal
They might have waited for us u~¡‹¬øiOz =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
yesterday. 11. P"³° |‚¬•‰§ degree …Õ Maths, Physics
18. |‚¬•‰§ g°~¡° D news q<ÍLO_È=KÇ°ó. study KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
You might have heard this news. 12. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß |‚¬ • ‰§ =°# HË‹¬ O wait
19. x#ß =¶ brother exam ƒìQê ã " Œ‹² KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
LO_È=KÇ°ó. 13. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß `Ç # programme cancel
My brother might have written the KÍ‹¬°Hùx =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
exam. well yesterday. 14. P†Ç ° # x#ß "Œi problem solve
20. |‚¬•‰§ "Œ~¡° x#ß farewell party grand KÍ‹²=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
Qê celebrate KÍ‹¬°Hùx LO_È=KÇ°ó. 15. D ^Ë„²_™…Õ |‚¬•‰§ P~¡°Q®°~¡° ^ùOQ®•°
They might have celebrated the involve J~ò=ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
Farewell Party grand yesterday.
Z
A word hurts more than a wound. 382
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O_ÈH›
‡é=KÇ°ó#x ‹¬O^Í‚¬ì=òQê (doubtful) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô |‚¬•‰§ J`Çxx KǶ‹²=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
J g°~¡° |‚¬•‰§ W@°=O\÷ experience face =ôO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°ó.
J J`Ç_È° WOHê office #°O_• =zó =ôO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°.ó
J P"³° |‚¬•‰§ Exam pass J~ò=ôO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°ó.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°ó#x
‹¬O^Í‚¬ì=òQê (doubtful) K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ x#ß, Q®`"Ç Œ~¡O, Q®`<Ç •³ , Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O …èH› Q®`OÇ …Õx
=°i†Í° W`Ç~¡ ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^³á##° =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_ÈH›‡é =KÇ°ó#x K³„¬C@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Might not have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ''Might not have" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô |‚¬ • ‰§ D news `³ • °‹¬ ° Hùx 7. g°~¡° W@°=O\÷ programme WO`Ç =~¡ä›½
=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. KǶ‹² =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
You might not have known this news. You might not have watched such a
2. g°~¡° |‚¬•‰§ J`Çxx KǶ‹² =ôO_ÈH› programme.
‡é=KÇ°ó. 8. =¶ father WOHê salary draw KÍ ‹ ²
You might not have seen him. =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
3. J`Ç_È° WOHê office H÷ "³o¤ =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. My father might not have drawn his
He might not have gone to office yet. salary yet.

4. P"³° WOHê JH›ø_È |†Ç°•° ^Íi=ôO_ÈH› 9. P"³° WOHê course complete KÍ‹² LO_ÈH›
‡é=KÇ°ó. ‡é=KÇ°ó.
She might not have started there yet. She might not have completed the
course yet.
5. "Œ~¡° WOHê bill pay KÍ‹² =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
They might not have paid the bill yet. 10. "Œ~¡° P"³°#° x#ß party H÷ invite KÍ‹²
=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
6. h=ô D news qx †ÇòO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°ó. They might not have invited her to the
You might not have heard this news. party yesterday.

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11. h=ô W@°=O\÷ interesting story EXERCISE


WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ KÇkq =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
You might not have read such an
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
interesting story sofar. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. g°~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ W@°=O\÷ Qù„¬æ =¼H÷ëx 1. h=ô WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ J@°=O\÷ college KǶ‹²
H›e‹² =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. LO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
You might not have met such a great 2. Pinakinai Express WOHê =zó
man sofar. =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
13. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß =°# massage receive
KÍ‹¬°Hùx =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 3. J`Ç_°È Degree pass J~ò =ôO_ÈH‡› é=KÇ°ó.
He might not have received our 4. P"³° "Œix invite KÍ‹² LO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
message yesterday. 5. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß x#°ß party …Õ KÇ ¶ ‹²
14. P"³° last year college …Õ join J~ò =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
=ôO_ÈH› ‡é=KÇ°ó. 6. g°~¡° last month telephone bill pay KÍ‹²
She might not have joined the college
last year.
=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
15. x#ß JH›ø_È =~¡ÂO „¬_•=ôO_ÈH‡› é=KÇ°.ó 7. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß JH› ø _È "Œix H› e ‹²
It might not have rained there =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
yesterday. 8. P"³ ° WOHê D test H÷ apply KÍ ‹ ²
16. h=ô WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ W@°=O\÷ problem face =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
KÍ‹² =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 9. "Œ~¡ ° WOHê P loan clear KÍ ‹ ²
You might not have faced such a
problem sofar.
=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
17. g°~¡° x#ß D q+¬†°Ç O J`ÇxH÷ K³„æ² =ôO_ÈH› 10. h=ô |‚¬•‰§ WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ D item taste
‡é=KÇ°ó. KÍ‹² LO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
You might not have told him this news 11. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß "ŒiH÷ help KÍ ‹ ²
yesterday. =ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
18. =¶ brother WOHê Chennai KÍ~¡°Hùx
=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó. 12. P"³° last week cousin marraige H÷ attend
My brother might not have reached J~ò LO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
Chennai yet. 13. "Œ~¡° |‚¬•‰§ exam H÷ ‹¬iQê prepare
19. P"³° WOHê „¬îiëQê HË•°Hùx =ôO_ÈH› J~ò =ôO_È=KÇ°ó.
‡é=KÇ°ó. 14. g°~¡ ° x#ß exam ‹¬ i Qê
She might not have recovered ã"Œ‹²=ôO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
completely yet.
20. "Œ~¡° x#ß meeting …Õ P q+¬†°Ç O discuss 15. "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È stay KÍ‹² =ôO_ÈH‡› é=KÇ°ó.
KÍ‹² LO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó.
They might not have discussed this
matter in the meeting yesterday. Z
He who lives well preaches well. 384
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QUESTION FORM
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó#x T‚²ìOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß bill pay KÍ‹² =ôO\ì_¨?
J P"³° last week party H÷ attend J~ò=ôO@°O^¥?
J "Œ~¡° x#ß JH›ø_È =°#HË‹¬O wait KÍ‹² =ôO\ì~Œ?
J g° father office#°Oz =zó=ôO\ì~Œ?
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹² =ôO_È=KÇ°ó#x
T‚²ìOzK³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx KÍ‹=² ôO\ì~Œ J#°
J~¡œ=ò`Ë doubtful Qê T‚²ìOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° @䛽
"Might have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†¶ ³ yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Might have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. J`Ç_È° W„¬æ\÷öH office H÷ "³o¤=ôO\ì_¨? 7. Pinakini Express "³o¤ ‡é~ò =ôO@°O^¥?
Might he have gone to office by now ? Might the Pinakini Express have left?
2. P"³ ° Jxß subjects ƒìQê prepare 8. "Œ~¡° last week P house vacate KÍ‹²
J~ò=ôO_È=KÇ°ó<Œ? =ôO_È=KÇ°ó<Œ?
Might she have prepared all the sub- Might they have vacated that house
jects well? last week?
3. ~Œãu JH›ø_È =~¡Â=ò „¬_•=ôO@°O^¥ ? 9. J`Ç_È° x#ß exam ƒìQê ã"Œ‹² =ôO\ì_¨?
Might it have rained there last night? Might he have written the examina-
4. "Œ~¡° ~Œãu JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íi=ôO\ì~Œ? tion well yesterday?
Might they have started there last 10. P"³° D news `³•°‹¬°Hùx=ôO@°O^¥?
night? Might she have known this news?
5. J`Ç_È° salary draw KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_¨? 11. "Œ~¡° x#ß message =°# JO^ΰHùx
Might he have drawn his salary? =ôO\ì~Œ?
6. P"³ ° „¬ î ië Q ê HË•°Hùx=ôO@°O^¥? Might they have received our mes-
Might she have recovered com- sage yesterday?
pletely?

385
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12. J`Ç_È° D test H÷ apply KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_¨? EXERCISE


Might he have applied for this text? D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
13. P"³° W„¬æ\Hö÷ dinner H÷ items `dž¶
Ç ~¡°KÍ‹² K͆°Ç O_•.
=ôO@°O^¥? 1. J`Ç_È° x#ß books Hùx =ôO\ì_¨?
Might she have prepared the items for
2. P"³° last month P course …Õ join J~ò
dinner by now?
=ôO@°O^¥?
14. "Œ~¡° W„¬æ\÷öH programme commence
3. "Œ~¡° x#ß bank …Õ amount deposit KÍ‹²
KÍ‹² =ôO\ì~Œ?
Might they have commenced the =ôO\ì~Œ?
programme by now? 4. J`Ç_È° x#ß interview ƒìQê KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_¨?
15. J`Ç _ È ° degree exam pass J~ò 5. P"³° "Œix Invite KÍ‹²=ôO@°O^¥?
=ôO\ì_¨? 6. "Œ~¡° x#ß cards print KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~Œ?
Might he have passed the degree ex-
aminations? 7. J`Ç_È° driving licence ‡ÚOk=ôO\ì_¨?
16. P"³ ° x#ß competition …Õ prize 8. P"³ ° x#ß Hyderabad KÍ ~ ¡ ° Hùx
ïQ•°KÇ°Hùx =ôO@°O^¥? =ôO@°O^¥?
Might she have won the prize in the
9. "Œ~¡° last month house vacate KÍ ‹ ²
competition yesterday?
=ôO\ì~Œ?
17. "Œ~¡ ° P loan clear KÍ ‹ ² =ôO\ì~Œ?
10. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß JH› ø _È duty …Õ join
Might they have cleared that loan?
J~ò=ôO\ì_¨?
18. J`Ç_È° x#ß JH›ø_È "Œi`Ë =¶\ìÁ_•
11. P"³ ° x#ß "Œix ƒìQê treat KÍ ‹ ²
=ôO\ì_¨?
Might he have talked to them =ôO@°O^¥?
yesteday? 12. "Œ~¡° x#ß meeting …Õ D q+¬†Ç°O dis-

19. P"³° x#ß Chennai …Õ doctor #° con- cuss KÍ‹² =ôO\ì~Œ?

sult J~ò=ôO@°O^¥? 13. J`Ç_È° x#ß Vizag "³o¤=ôO\ì_¨?


Might she have consulted the doctor
in Chennai yesterday?
14. P"³° P proposal X„¬CHùx=ôO@°O^¥?
20. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß JH› ø _È work „¬ î ië KÍ ‹ ² 15. "Œ~¡ ° x#ß programme cancel KÍ ‹ ²
=ôO\ì~Œ? =ôO\ì~Œ?
Might they have finished the work
there yesterday?
Z
The fear of Lord is the beginning of wisdom. 386
, : 94406 16425

REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Might have + III form of the Verb' J#°
structure Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O_È=KÇ°ó#x T‚²ìOz (doubtful)
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Might have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You might have heard this news.
2. He might have gone on a camp
3. She might have passed the test.
4. They might have vacated the house.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó#x T‚²ìOz
(doubtful) K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Might not have + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You might not have read such a book sofar.
2. He might not have yet drawn his salary.
3. She might not have invited them to party.
4. They might not have paid the bill yesterday.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O_È=KÇ°ó#x T‚²ìOz (doubtful)
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Might have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Might he have received our message?
2. Might she have recovered?
3. Might the train have left?
4. Might they have known this news?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

781. Reincarnate reincarnated reincarnated „¬ô#~¡û#àxKÇ°ó@


782. Rejuvinate rejuvinated rejuvinated †Ç°=Þ#=ò H›eyOKÇ°
783. Remand remanded remanded K³~¡†Ç°O^ΰ =ôOKÇ°@
784. Report reported reported „¦²~Œ¼^ΰK͆Çò@
785. Resemble resembled resembled ‡éeH› H›ey†ÇòO_È°@
786. Respond responded responded ‹¬æOkOKÇ°@
787. Restrict restricted restricted H›@°“ƒì@°K͆Çò@
788. Retain retained retained xe„²=ôOKÇ°@
789. Revolve revolved revolved Q®°Oã_È=òQê u~¡°Q®°@
790. Reward rewarded rewarded |‚¬•=¶#q°KÇ°ó@
791. Redicule rediculed rediculed ZQ®`ŒoK͆Çò@
792. Rinse rinsed rinsed Q®°OA@
793. Ripen ripened ripened „¬O_•OKÇ°@
794. Ruminate ruminated ruminated <³=°~¡°"͆Çò@
795. Shrivel shrivelled shrivelled "Œ_•‡é=ô@,
=ò_È°`Ç•°„¬_È°@
796. Shudder shuddered shuddered LeH÷ø„¬_È°@
797. Skim skimmed skimmed z•°ä›½@
798. Sneer sneered sneered „¬i‚¬ð‹¬=òK͆Çò@
799. Squash sqashed sqashed #•°Q®Qù@°“@
800. Startle startled startled LeH÷ø„¬_È°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.
Z
388 An oak is not felled at one chop.
, : 94406 16425

WOULD HAVE
XHùøH›øª•i Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç x ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz q+¬†°Ç =ò
q=iOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x䛕_¨ [iy †ÇòO_Ík Ð J#° J~¡Ö=ò
=KÇ°ó#@°ÁQê K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô ƒìQ®°Qê KÇkq =ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, exam pass J~òLO_Í"Œ_•q.
J "Í°=ò ƒìQê practice KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, x#ß match ïQez =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
J P"³° invite KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "Œ~¡° x#ß P function H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
J =¶ brother last time P job H÷ try KÍ‹² =ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, J`Ç_È° P job ‡ÚOk=ôO_Í"Œ_È°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ K͆°Ç x ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz q+¬†°Ç =ò
q=iOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x䛕_¨ [iy †ÇòO_Ík Ð J#° J~¡Ö=ò
=KÇ°ó#@°ÁQê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç x ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ Ð
"³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í ï~O_È= „¬x [iy†ÇòO_Ík J#° J~¡œ=ò ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Would have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß ##°ß J_•y#@Á~ò`Í, <Í#° h䛽 5. g°~¡ ° x#ß WH› ø _È ä › ½ =zó † Ç ò #ß > ÿ Á å ` Í ,
help KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ_•x. =°#=ò P q+¬ † Ç ° =ò discuss
If you had asked me yesterday, I would KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
have helped you. If you had come here yesterday, we
2. g°~¡° HùOK³O early Qê |†Ç°•°^Íi would have discussed that matter.
=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, train JO^ΰHùx =ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
If you had started little earlier, you
6. =°#=ò D work x#ß < Í start KÍ ‹ ²
would have caught the train.
†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, D time H÷ finish KÍ‹²†ÇòO_Í
"Œ~¡=ò.
3. P"³° regular Qê medicines f‹¬°Hùx If we had started this work yesterday,
=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, W„¬æ\÷H÷ HË•°Hùx=ôO_Ík. we would have finished it by this time.
If she had taken medicines regularly,
she would have recovered by now. 7. P"³° =°=òà•#° invite KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
4. J`Ç_È° last year hard work KÍ‹² L#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "Í°=ò x#ß function H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_Í
first class …Õ pass J~ò=ôO_Í " Œ_È ° .
"Œˆ×¤O.
If she had invited us, we would have
If he had worked hard last year, he
attended the function yesterday.
would have passed in first class.

389
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EXERCISE
8. g°~¡° x#ß =¶ä›½ inform KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
"Í°=ò 䛕_¨ g°`Ë picnic H÷ =zó=ôO_Í D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
"Œ~¡=ò. K͆°Ç O_•.
If you had informed us, we would
1. h=ô HËi#>ÿ Á å ` Í , "Œ~¡ ° hä› ½ `Ç „ ¬ æ H›
have also come on picnic with you. ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOz=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
9. J`Ç_È° last time serious Qê try KÍ‹²
†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, P job ‡ÚOk†ÇòO_Í"Œ_È°. 2. g°~¡° 䛕_¨ =zó=ô#ß@~Á ò`Í, =°#=ò x#ß
party …Õ ƒìQê enjoy KÍ‹²=ôO_Í "Œ~¡=ò.
If he had tried for the job seriously last
time, he would have got it. 3. J`Ç _ È ° last year Degree pass
10. g°~¡° bill pay KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "Œ~¡° g°ä›½ J~ò=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, P.G. join J~ò=ôO_Í
W„¬æ\÷H÷ goods deliver KÍ‹² †ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡°. "Œ_È°.
If you had paid the bill, they would
4. P"³° exam. H÷ appear J~ò=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í,
have delivered the goods by now. `Ç„¬æH› pass J~ò=ôO_Ík.
11. <Œä›½ last week leave •a•Oz =ô#ß>`Øÿ ,Í
festival ä› ½ =¶ native place H÷ "³ o ¤
5. ~Œãu WH›ø_È =~¡Oâ „¬_•=ô#ß@~Á ò`Í, =°#=ò
=ôO_Í"Œ_•x. KŒ…ì trouble face KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
If I had found leave last week, I would 6. h=ô x#ß manager #° request
have gone to my native place for the KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, P†Ç°# h䛽 leave grant
festival. KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ_È°.
12. P"³° P WOHùH› <³• ~ËA•°
medicine 7. g°~¡° early morning |†Ç°•°^Íi=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
continue KÍ‹² =ô#ß>ÿØ`Í, „¬îiëQê HË•°Hùx D time H÷ Hyderabad KÍ ~ ¡ ° Hùx
=ôO_Ík. =ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
If she had continued that medicine
one more month, She would have
8. <Í#° x#ß J`Çxx H›e‹² †Çò#ß>ÿåÁ`Í, D
q+¬†°Ç O J_•y =ôO_Í"Œ_•x.
recovered completely.
13. "Œ~¡° KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿØ`Í, "Í°=ò
work finish 9. g°~¡° P†Ç°##° J_•y#>ÿ`Áå Í g°ä›½ =°Oz
money pay KÍ‹²=ôO_Í "Œ~¡=ò. advice Wzó =ôO_Í"Œ_È°.
If they had finished the work, we 10. J`Ç_È° try KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, P college …Õ
would have paid them money. seat ‡ÚOk=ôO_Í"Œ_È°.
14. <Í#° last week salary draw KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
=¶ brother H÷ money „¬O„² LO_Í"Œ_•x.
If I had drawn salary last week, I would
have sent money to my brother.
Z
A warrior without courage blames his weapons. 390
, : 94406 16425

NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ ~ï O_È° „¬#°•° KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O^ΰ=ò. P ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ Ð "³ò^Î\÷
„¬x [iy†ÇòO_ÈH› ‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x 䛕_¨ [iy =ôO_Ík Hê^ΰ Ð J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë
"ŒH›¼=ò•° K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J g°~¡° help K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í, "Í°=ò D work finish KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
J h=ô =òO^ΰQê =¶ä›½ inform KÍ‹² L#ß@Á~ò`Í, "Í°=ò WH›ø_È䛽 =zóLO_Í"Œ~¡=ò Hê=ò.
J J`Ç_È° last year hard work KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, fail J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ.
J P"³° invite K͆ǰH›‡é`Í "Í°=ò x#ß function H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õ ~ï O_È° „¬#°•° KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O^ΰ=ò. P ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ Ð "³ò^Î\÷
„¬x [iy†ÇòO_ÈH› ‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x 䛕_¨ [iy =ôO_Ík Hê^ΰ Ð J#° J~¡Ö=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õ KÍ‹#² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ "³ò^Î\„÷ x¬ [iy†ÇòO_ÈH‡› é~ò#>ÿ`åÁ ,Í ~ï O_È= „¬x 䛕_¨
[iy =ôO_Ík Hê^ΰ J#° J~¡Ö=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would not have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ''Would not have'' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô last year studies neglect 5. "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð W=ÞH›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í
KÍ‹L
² #ß>`ÁØÿ ,Í exam pass J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ_•q "Í°=ò D problem solve KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò
Hê^ΰ. Hê^ΰ.
If you had neglected your studies last If they had not given us advice, we
year, you would not have passed the would not have solved the problem.
exam. 6. x#ß =~¡Â=ò „¬_• †Çò#ß>`ÁØÿ Í "Í°=ò journey
2. g°~¡° HùOK³O late Qê |†Ç°•°^Íi=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í continue KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
train JO^ΰ䛽<Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. If it had rained yesterday, we would
If you had started little late, you would not have continued our journey.
not have caught the train. 7. =°#=ò J_È ° Q® H › ‡ é~ò#>ÿ Ø Á ` Í , J`Ç _ È °
3. =¶ brother serious Qê try =°#䛽 x#ß D news K³„²æ =ôO_Í"Œ_È°
K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í D job ‡ÚOk=ôO_Í Hê^ΰ.
"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ. If we had not asked him, he would
If my brother had not tried seriously, not have told us this news yesterday.
he would not have got the job. 8. Doctor #° consult J=H›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í
4. P"³° request K͆°Ç H›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í "Œ~¡° P"³° HË•°Hùx =ôO_Ík Hê^ΰ.
J`ÇxH÷ help KÍ‹² LO_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. If she had not consulted the doctor,
If she had not requested, they would She would not have recovered.
not have helped him.

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9. J`Ç_°È =¶ä›½ =òO^ΰQê inform KÍ‹=


² ô#ß@Á EXERCISE
~ò`Í "Í°=ò WH›ø_È䛽 =zó =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Hê^ΰ. "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
If he had informed us earlier, we
K͆°Ç O_•.
would not have come here. 1. <Í#° D news K³„¬æH› ‡é~ò>ÿØÁ`Í, g°~¡°
10. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê *ìãQ®`Çë f‹¬°Hùx =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í `³e‹¬°Hùx =ôO_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
D problem face KÍ‹² LO_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. 2. "Í°=ò x#ß class H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_È
If they had taken care earlier, they #>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í "Í°=ò lesson follow J†Í°¼"Œ~¡=ò
would not have faced this problem. Hê^ΰ.
11. "Í°=ò D news =òO^ΰQê `³•‹¬°Hùx 3. Driver care f‹¬°ä›½#ß@~Á ò`Í, D accident
†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í "Í°=ò WH›ø_È time waste [iy=ôO_Ík Hê^ΰ.
KÍ‹²Hùx LO_Í"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
If we had known this news earlier, we
4. =°#=ò J`Ç x H÷ =òO^Î ° Qê inform
would not have wasted our time here.
KÍ ‹ ² = ô#ß>ÿ Ø Á ` Í , J`Ç _ È ° |†Ç ° @ä› ½
"³o¤LO_Í"Œ_È° Hê^ΰ.
12. <Í # ° J`Ç x Q® ° iOz =òO^Î ° Qê
qxL#ß @ Á ~ ò`Í J`Ç x `Ë friends KÍ ‹ ² 5. P"³° coaching f‹¬°Hùx LO_ÈH›‡é`Í , P
=ôO_Í"Œ_•x Hê^ΰ. rank ‡ÚOk=ôO_ÍkHê^ΰ.

If I had heard about him earlier, I would 6. "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ support K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í,
not have made friends with him. "Í ° =ò D q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ succeed
13. f‹¬°ä›½#ß@Á~ò`Í
Driver care accident J†Í°¼"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
[iy =ôO_ÍkHê^ΰ. 7. J`Ç_È° J_ÈQ®ä›½O_¨ L#ß@Á~ò`Í, "Œ~¡°
If the driver had taken care, the q=~Œ•° K³„²æ=ôO_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ.
accident would not have happened.
8. <Í#° =òO^ΰQê D q+¬†Ç°=ò `³e‹²Hùx
14. =°#=ò K³„²æ=ôO_È#@Á~ò`Í, "Œ~¡° D =ô#ß>`ÁØÿ ,Í "Œi q+¬†°Ç O…Õ *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹°¬ Hùx
q+¬†Ç°=ò `³•°‹¬°Hùx =ôO_Í"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. LO_Í"Œ_•x Hê^ΰ.
If we had not told them, they would
9. <Í#° D q+¬†Ç°O =òO^ΰQê `³e‹²Hùx
not have known this matter.
=ô#ß@~Á ò`Í, "ŒiH÷ KÍ‹= ² ôO_Í "Œ_•xHê#°.
15. h=ô f‹¬°ä›½#ß@Á~ò`Í
last year tuition
10. g°~¡° <Œä›½ =òO^ΰQê KÍ‹²=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í,
exam fail J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ_È=ô Hê^ΰ.
<Í#° WH›ø_Èä½› =zó=ôO_Í"Œ_•x Hê#°.
If you had taken tuition last year, you
would not have failed in the exam.

Z
Take care of coins, the rupees will take care of themselves. 392
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›~¡° KÍ‹² †ÇòO_Èx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Hê~¡}=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß J_•y†Çò#ß>ÿ`ÁØ Í h=ô <Œä›½ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO KÍ‹=² ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ?
J Last time ceaching f‹¬°ä›½#ß@Á~ò`Í h=ô Rank ‡ÚOk=ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ?
J x#ß J`Çxx request KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í J`Ç_È° =°# problem solve KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
J h=ô D job ‡ÚO^Î䛽#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ZH›ø_È settle J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ_•q ?
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰx ï~O_È° „¬#°•#° K³„¬CKǶ "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x
[iy†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È=„¬x KÍ‹²†ÇòO_Í"Œ~Œ J#° J~¡œ=ò`Ë ã„¬tßOKÇ°@䛽
" Would have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Would have' =KÇ°ó#°.
ï~O_È= Clause …Õ 'had + III form of the verb' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô Inter pass J~ò=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, Degree …Õ 5. x#ß =~¡ÂO „¬_• =ô#ß >ÿ`ÁØ Í g°~¡° programme
KÍi=ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ? cancel KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ~Œ?
Would you have joined degree if you Would you have cancelled the
had passed intermediate? programme if it had rained yesterday?
2. g°~¡° invite KÍ‹² †Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, P"³° x#ß 6. h=ô x#ß request KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í Manager
Functions H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_Í^¥? leave grant KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ~Œ?
Would she have attended the function Would the Manager have granted you
yesterday if you had invited her? leave if you had requested him?
3. h=ô try KÍ‹²#>ÿØÁ`Í last time P job ‡ÚOk 7. ~Œãu =~¡ÂO „¬_•†Çò#ß@Á~ò`Í, g°~¡°
=ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ? programmeZH›ø_È x~¡Þ‚²ìOz=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
Would you have got that job if you had Where would you have organised the
tried last time? programme, if it had rained last night?
4. <Í#° x#ß x#°ß J_•y=ô#ß>`ÁØÿ Í h=ô <Œä›½ 8. J`Ç_È° D proposal u~¡‹¬øiOz#@Á~ò`Í,
help KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ? g°~¡° Uq° KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
Would you have helped me if i had What would you have done, if he had
asked you yesterday? rejected this proposal?

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'Wh' QUESTIONS EXERCISE

9. Last year exam fail J~ò=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, h=ô D "ŒH›¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Uq° KÍ‹=² ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
What would you have done if you had
failed in the exam last year? 1. P†Ç°# last time elections …Õ ‡é\© KÍ‹²
10. g°~¡° x#ß train miss J~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í Chennai =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í ïQez =ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
H÷ Z…ì KÍ~¡°ä›½<Í "Œ~¡°? 2. P"³° medicines f‹¬°ä›½#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, HË•°Hùx
How would you have reached Chennai =ôO_Í^¥?
if you had missed the train yesterday?
11. Coaching f‹¬°Hùx†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í h=ô last 3. h=ô "ŒiH÷ =òO^ΰQê inform KÍ‹² =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í,
time exam …Õ Zxß marks score "Œ~¡° =°#䛽 =‹¬uH›eæOz =ôO_Í"Œ~Œ?
KÍ‹=² ôO_Í"Œ_•q? 4. "Œ~¡° „²ez=ô#ß>`ÁØÿ Í h=ô 䛕_¨ "Œi`Ë tour
Howmany marks would you have 䛽 "³o=¤ ôO_Í"Œ_•"Œ?
scored in the exam if you had taken
coaching last time? 5. h=ô J_•y#>ÿØÁ`Í J`Ç_È° h䛽 help KÍ‹²
12. Principal h䛽 college …Õ seat reject KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í h=ô ZH›ø_È join J~ò=ôO_Í 6. J`Ç_È° D news qx =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í x#ß WH›ø_È䛽
"Œ_•q?
=zó=ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
Where would you have joined if the
Principal had rejected you the seat in 7. h=ô promotion ‡ÚOk=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ZO`Ç sal-
the college? ary draw KÍ‹= ² ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
13. <Í#° x#ß g°ä›½ help K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í 8. "Œ~¡° last time x#°ß "³¶‹¬yOz=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í,
g°~¡° D problem Z…ì solve KÍ‹²=ôO_Í
"Œ~¡°? h=ô Uq° KÍ‹= ² ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
How would you have solved this prob- 9. "Œ~¡° x#ß Ì‹•=ô ㄬH›\÷Oz=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í g°~¡°
lem if i had not helped you yesterday? ZH›ø_•H÷ "³o= ¤ ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
14. <Í#° K³„¬æH› ‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í g°~¡° D news
Z…ì `³•°‹¬°Hùx=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°? 10. g° father x#°ß result Q®°iOz J_•y#>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í
How would you have known this news h=ô Uq° K³„æ²=ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
if i had not told you? 11. <Í#° time H÷ WH›ø_Èä½› ~Œä›½O_•#>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í h䛽
15. h=ô last time lottery …Õ I lakh prize Z=~¡° help KÍ‹²=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
ïQez=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, P amount Z…ì Y~¡°ó KÍ‹²
=ôO_Í"Œ_•q? 12. h=ô last time test …Õ 90% marks score
How would you have spent the KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, h=ô U course …Õ join J~ò
amount if you had won i lakh prize in =ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
the lottery last time?
Z
East or west, home is the best. 394
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Would have + III form of the Verb'
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3.
Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ 'KÍ‹² =ôO_Í "Œ~¡=òÑ J#ß@°ÁQê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Would have +
III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. If you had taken medicines, you would have recovered soon.
2. If he had started earlier, he would have reached the house in time.
3. If she had told me, I would have informed them.
4. If they had come here, they would have met him.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ KÍ‹#
² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ
'KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò Hê^롄 J#° negative sense …Õ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Would not + have
+ III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. If I had known it earlier, I would not have sent him there.
2. If we had gone late, he would not have given us the tickets.
3. If she had neglected, she would not have passed.
4. If they had arrived late, they would not have heard his speech.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ 'KÍ‹² =ôO_Í"Œ~ŒÑ J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Would
have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Would you have helped hi m if he had asked you?
2. Would he have got the post if he had not paid money?
3. Would she have known this news if I had not told her?
4. Would they have completed the work if we had not helped them?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

801. Macerate macerated macerated <Œ#"Í‹² "³°`Çë|~¡°KÇ°@


802. Machinate machinated machinated 䛽ã@„¬#°ß@
803. Madden maddened maddened "³ãi ZuëOKÇ°@
804. Magpie magpied magpied J~¡z J•ÁiK͆Çò@
805. Malinger malingered malingered J<Œ~ËQ®¼=òQê #\÷OKÇ°@
806. Manipulate manipulated manipulated <Í~¡°æ`Ë „¬xK͆Çò@
807. Masticate masticated masticated #q°e#q°e u#°@
808. Mince minced minced =òH›ø•°Qê #~¡ä›½@
809. Misplace misplaced misplaced `Çy#KË@ =ôOKÇ°@
810. Misuse misused misused ^ΰiÞx†³¶Q®„¬~¡°KÇ°@
811. Mitigate mitigated mitigated `Ç䛽ø=K͆Çò@
812. Modify modified modified =¶~¡°ó@, `Çy¾OKÇ°@
813. Moister moistered moistered `Ç_È°„¬ô@
814. Molest molested molested ƒì^•Î„Ì @°“@
815. Mould moulded moulded ~¡¶„¬=òxKÇ°ó@
816. Moffle moffled moffled KÇeH÷ H›„¬CH›ù#°@
817. Mumble mumbled mumbled Qù}°Q®°@
818. Munch munched munched ƒç䛽ø@
819. Mutilate mutilated mutilated "³òO_•K͆òÇ @
820. Mutter muttered muttered Qù}°Q®°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.
Z
396 A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband.
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COULD HAVE
XHùøH›øª•i Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç x ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
q+¬†Ç°=ò q=iOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x䛕_¨ K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í
"Œ~¡=ò Ð J#° J~¡=
Ö ò =KÇ°ó#@°ÁQê ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò (ability) Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J "Í°=ò D work last week start KÍ‹² †Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, x#ß\÷H÷ finish K͆ǰQ®ey †ÇòO_Í "Œ~¡=ò.
J h=ô x#ß ##°ß J_•y†Çò#ß>ÿ`
åÁ ,Í <Í#° h䛽 help K͆°Ç Q®ey LO_Í"Œ_•x.
J =°#=ò train …Õ =zó†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, WH›ø_È䛽 time H÷ KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey †ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
J Exam. H÷ ƒìQê prepare J~ò=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, h=ô =°Oz marks score K͆°Ç Q®ey†ÇòO_Í "Œ_•q.

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆ǰx ï~O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
q+¬†Ç°=ò q=iOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬x䛕_¨ K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í
"Œ~¡=ò Ð J#° J~¡= Ö ò =KÇ°ó#@°ÁQê ª•=°~¡¼Ö =ò Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò# ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹² L#ß>ÿÁå`Í, ï~O_È= „¬xx K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Could have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'could have + III form' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°#=ò express train JO^Î ° Hùx 5. h=ô Jxß lessons thorough Qê prepare
†Ç ò #ß>ÿ Á å ` Í , D time H÷ JH›ø_•H÷ J~ò=ô#ß > ÿ Á å ` Í , x#ß exam …Õ Jxß
KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡=ò. questions answer K͆°Ç Q®ey=ôO_Í"Œ_•q.
If we had caught the Express train, we If you had prepared all the lessons
could have reached there in time. thoroughly, you could have answered
2. =¶ brother last time coaching f‹¬°Hùx all the questions in the exam yesterday.
†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, first class …Õ pass J=Q®ey 6. =¶ä›½ "Œi ~ŒH› Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQê<Í
†ÇòO_Í"Œ_È°. `³e‹²†Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "ŒiH÷ accommodation
If my brother had taken coaching last H›eæOKÇQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
time, he could have passed in first
If we had known about their arrival
class.
earlier, we could have provided
3. g°~¡° =¶ä›½ last time help KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç #ß>`åÁÿ ,Í accommodation for them.
"Í°=ò succeed J~ò=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò. 7. g°~¡° P"³°#° "³O@<Í hospital 䛽 f‹¬°ïHo¤
If you had helped us last time, we
could have succeeded.
L#ß>ÿÁå`Í, doctors P"³°#° save K͆°Ç Q®ey
4. x#ß match …Õ Sachin ƒìQê P_•†Çò#ß>`å Á ÿ ,Í =ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
If you had taken her to hospital
India match ïQ•°=Q®ey†ÇòO_Ík.
If Sachin had played well, India could immediately, the doctors could have
have won the match yesterday. saved her.

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8. g°~¡° last time P†Ç°# advice follow EXERCISE


J~ò=ô#ß>ÿ Á å ` Í , P problem solve
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~¡°. "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
If you had followed his advice, you K͆°Ç O_•.
could have solved that problem last 1. =°#=ò JH›ø_È䛽 "³o¤=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "Œi`Ë D
time. q+¬†Ç°O discuss K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í
9. x#ß <Í#° salary draw KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, <Í#° "Œ~¡=ò.
J`Ç x H÷ money adjust KÍ † Ç ° Q® e y 2. JO^Î ~ ¡ ¶ H› e ‹² „¬ x KÍ ‹ ² † Ç ò #ß > ÿ Á å ` Í ,
=ôO_Í"Œ_•x. N KÇOã^΃ì|° =°~¡• CM J=Q®ey=ôO_Í
If I had drawn my salary yesterday, I
"Œ~¡°.
could have adjusted him money
yesterday. 3. =òO^ΰQê batting Z#°ßHùx=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, x#ß
match …Õ India ïQ•°=Q®ey=ôO_Ík.
10. =¶ family members encourage
KÍ‹= ² ô#ß>`åÁÿ ,Í <Í#° ‹¬°•ƒ•’OQê <Œ goal 4. <Í#° x#ß J`Çx`Ë =¶\ìÁ_•†Çò#ß>`åÁÿ ,Í <Í#°
KÍ~°¡ HËQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ_•x. J`Çxx X„²æOKÇQe® y=ôO_Í"Œ_•x.
If the members of my family had
5. =°#=ò early Qê |†Ç°•°^Íi †Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
encouraged me, I could have
D time H÷ sea shore H÷ KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey
reached my goal easily.
=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
11. J`Ç_È° last time P job HË‹¬O serious Qê
try KÍ ‹ ² = ô#ß > ÿ Ø ` Í , `Ç „ ¬ æ H › ‡ÚO^Î Q ® e y
6. g°~¡° festival H÷ =¶ =î~¡° =zó =ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í,
=ôO_Í"Œ_È°. =°#=ò ƒìQê celebrate KÍ‹¬°HËQ®ey
If he had tried for that job seriously last
=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
time, he could have got it. 7. x#ß time •a•Oz †Çò#ß>`åÁÿ ,Í "Í°=ò g°
12. h=ô school days …Õ<Í concentrate WO\÷H÷ ~ŒQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, h=ô English ƒìQê <Í~¡°óHË 8. h=ô text books refer KÍ‹² †Çò#ß>ÿÁå`Í, Jxß
Q®ey=ôO_Í"Œ_È=ô. questions answer KÍ † Ç ° Q® e y
If you had concentrated in your school =ôO_Í"Œ_•q.
days, you could have learned English
by now. 9. g°~¡ ° =°Oz products `Ç † Ç ¶ ~¡ ° KÍ ‹ ²
†Çò#ß>`åÁÿ ,Í g°~¡° business ƒìQê improve
13. g°~¡ ° =¶ä› ½ =òO^Î ° Qê inform
K͆ǰQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡°.
KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿÁå`Í, "Í°=ò 䛕_¨ g°`Ë tour H÷
~ŒQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò. 10. Q®`Ç <³• =~¡ÂO „¬_•†Çò#ß>`åÁÿ ,Í "Í°=ò =°Oz
It you had informed us earlier, we „¬O@ „¬O_•OKÇQe® y†ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡=ò.
could have come on tour with you. Z
Patience is a bitter plant, but its fruit is sweet. 398
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îiëK‹ Í #
² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x [~¡Q®#>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬xx K͆ǰ…èH› ‡é†Í°"Œ~¡=ò J#° J~¡œ=ò`Ë
‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô co-operate K͆°Ç H›‡é~ò#>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í <Í#° D ~Œ¼OH± ‡ÚO^ÎQe® Qö "Œ_•x Hê^ΰ.
J =°#=ò ƒìQê practice K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, x#ß match ïQ•°=Q®eöQ"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
J g°~¡° J`Çxx hospital 䛽 late Qê f‹¬°ä›½ =zó#>ÿØÁ`Í, doctors J`Çxx save K͆ǰQ®eöQ"Œ~¡°
Hê^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° last month special classes f‹¬°Hù#H›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, syllabus „¬îiëK͆ǰ Q®eöQ"Œ~¡°
Hê^ΰ.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹#² ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ, "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x [~¡Q®#>ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬xx K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Í°"Œ~¡=ò J#° J~¡œ=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò „¬îië K͆°Ç Q®ey# XH› „¬x†³òH›ø ability
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ Ð "³ò^Î\÷ „¬xx K͆°Ç #>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í ~ï O_È= „¬x K͆°Ç Q®ey =ôO_Í "Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ Ð J#° J~¡=Ö ò`Ë
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Could not have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Could not have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô help K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, "Í°=ò D 5. x#ß Sehwag century K͆°Ç H›‡é~ò#>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í
problem face K͆ǰ…èH›‡é†Í°"Œ~¡=ò. India match ïQ•°=…èH›‡é†Í°k.
If you had not helped us, we could If Sehwag had not made a century,
not have faced this problem. India could not have won the match
2. g°~¡° hardwork K͆ǰH› ‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, yesterday.
=°Oz result ‡ÚO^ÎQ®eöQ"Œ~¡° Hê^ΰ. 6. =¶ parents encourage K͆°Ç H›‡é`Í, <Í#°
If you had not worked hard, you could M.A. K͆ǰQ®eöQ"Œ}÷âHê^ΰ.
not have got good result. If my parents had not encouraged me,
I could not have done M.A.
3. T.D.P. support KÍ † Ç ° H› ‡ é~ò#@Á ~ ò`Í
B.J.P. ö H Oã ^ Î O …Õ ã „ ¬ ƒ •’ ° `ŒÞxß U~Œæ @ ° 7. =°#=ò ~Œã u express train miss
K͆ǰQ®eöQkHê^ΰ. J~ò#@Á ~ ò`Í , D ~ËA WH› ø _È ä › ½
If the T.D.P. had not supported, the KÍ~¡°HËQ®eöQ"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
B.J.P. could not have formed the If we had missed the express train last
government at centre. night, we could not have reached here
today.
4. h=ô K³„¬æH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, <Í#° D news
8. h=ô Q®°~¡°ë K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í, <Í#° P
`³•°‹¬°HË…èH‡› é†Í°"Œ_•x. q+¬†Ç°O Q®°~¡°ë Ì„@°“HË…èH›‡é†Í°"Œ_•x.
If you had not told me, I could not
If you had not reminded me, I could
have known this news.
not have remembered that matter.
399
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9. Hardwork K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, z~¡Orq EXERCISE


JO`Ç popular actor J=Q®eöQ"Œ_È°Hê^ΰ. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
If he had not worked hard, Chiranjivi "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
could not have become a popular K͆°Ç O_•.
hero.
1. =¶ lecturers ƒìQê teach K͆ǰH›‡é~ò
#@Á~ò`Í, "Í°=ò pass J=Q®eöQ"Œ~¡=ò
10. <Í # ° =¶ father advice follow Hê=ò.
J=H›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, studies …Õ success 2. "Í°=ò x#ß WH›ø_•H÷ ~Œä›½#ß@~Á ò`Í, "Œix
Hê…èH‡› é†Í°"Œ_•x. H›•°=Q®eöQ"Œ~¡=òHê^ΰ.
If I had not followed my father's advice,
I could not have succeeded in my
3. <Í#° J`ÇxH÷ money W=ÞH›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í,
studies.
J`Ç_È° P course …Õ join J=Q®eöQ"Œ_È°
Hê^ΰ.
11. <Í#° Jxß lessons prepare J=H›‡é~ò 4. h=ô <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð W=Þ䛽#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, <Í#° D
#>ÿØÁ`Í, x#ß exam ƒìQê "ã Œ†Ç°Q®eQö "Œ_•x x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°HËQ®eöQ"Œ_È#°Hê#°.
Hê^ΰ.
If I had not prepared all the lessons, I
5. "Í°=ò ƒìQê KÇ^Î=䛽O_¨=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, Jxß
questions answer KÍ † Ç ° Q® e ö Q "Œ~¡ = ò
could not have written the exam well
yesterday. Hê=ò.
6. J`Ç_È° last time try K͆°Ç 䛽#ß>`ÁØÿ ,Í P post
12. J`Ç_È° P office …Õ sincere Qê work ‡ÚO^ÎeöQ"Œ_È°Hê^ΰ.
K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#>ÿØÁ`Í, officer Qê promotion
‡ÚO^ÎQ®eöQ"Œ_È°Hê^ΰ. 7. h=ô time H÷ JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ HËH›‡é~ò#>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í
If he had not worked in that office
P competition …Õ ‡•…ç¾#…èH‡› é†Í°"Œ_•q.
sincerely, he could not have got a 8. "Œ~¡° co-operate K͆ǰH›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í,
promotion as an officer. =°#=ò D work complete K͆ǰQ®eöQ
"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
13. g°~¡° recommend K͆°Ç H›‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í,
<Í#° job ‡ÚO^ÎQ®eöQ"Œ_È#°Hê^ΰ. 9. =°#O x#ß theatre late H÷ Qê
If you had not recommended me, I
"³ o ¤ = ô#ß @ Á ~ ò`Í , tickets ‡ÚO^Î Q® e ö Q
could not have got this job. "Œˆ×¤=òHê^ΰ.
10. ƒ•’Q= ® O`Ç°x ^Ά°Ç …èä½› #ß>`Áåÿ ,Í "Í°=ò D
14. h=ô ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ H › ‡ é~ò#@Á ~ ò`Í , <Í # ° position 䛽 KÍ~¡°HË Q®eöQ"Œ~¡=ò Hê^ΰ.
mistake `³ • °‹¬ ° HËQ® e ö Q "Œ_È # °Hê^Î ° .
If you had not suggested me, I could
11. g° ‹¬‚¬ìHê~¡O …è䛽#ß>ÿåÁ`Í, "Í°=ò D „¬xx
time …Õ „¬îië K͆ǰQ®eöQ"Œ~¡=òHê^ΰ.
not have realised this mistake.

Z
Pen is mightier than sword. 400
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QUESTION FORM
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Hê~¡}=ò#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KǶ ㄬtßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° last year job Hù~¡ä›½ ㄬ†Ç°ußOz L#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, job ‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ_¨?
J P"³° doctor #° consult J~òL#ß>ÿ`ÁØ ,Í P "Œ¼k• #°Oz HË•°HËQ®ey†ÇòO_Í^¥?
J h=ô studies continue KÍ‹²=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, W„¬æ\÷H÷ Degree „¬îië K͆°Ç Q®ey†ÇòO_Í "Œ_•"Œ?
J =°#=ò taxi …Õ "³o¤ =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, train JO^ΰHËQ®ey LO_Í"Œ~¡=¶?
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç …èH› ‡é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Hê~¡}=ò#°
K³„¬CKǶ, "³ò^Î\÷ „¬x KÍ‹²†Çò#ß >ÿØÁ`Í, ï~O_È= „¬xx K͆ǰQ®ey †ÇòO_Í"Œ~Œ J#° J~¡œ=ò`Ë ability
(„¬xx K͆°Ç Q®ey †ÇòO_È° ª•=°~¡¼œ =ò) KǶ„¬ôKǶ „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
"Could have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Phral U^³á##° 'Could have' =KÇ°ó#°.
ï~O_È= Clause …Õ 'had + III form of the verb' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° last time try KÍ‹²†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í P job 5. P"³° Last year computer course join
‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ_È<Œ? J~ò=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, W„¬æ\÷H÷ „¬îië K͆ǰQ®ey
Could I have got that job if i had tried =ôO_Í^¥?
for it last time? Could she have completed the com-
2. =°#=ò taxi …Õ =zó†Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, train puter course by now if she had joined
JO^ΰHËQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ~¡=¶? last year?
Could we have caught the train if we 6. =°#=ò =òO^ΰQê inform KÍ‹² =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í
had come by a taxi? "Œ~¡° U~Œæ@°Á K͆ǰQ®ey†ÇòO_Í"Œ~Œ?
3. g°~¡° last night WH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íi =ôO>è, Could they have made the arrange-
W„¬æ\÷H÷ JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~¡°HËQ®ey†ÇòO_Í ments if we had informed earlier?
"Œ~Œ? 7. <Í#° English medium join J~ò=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í,
Could you have reached there by now lessons follow J=Q®ey =ôO_Í"Œ_È<Œ?
Could I have followed the lessons if i
if you had started here last night?
had joined English medium?
4. Last time coaching f‹¬°Hùx †Çò#ß>ÿØÁ`Í
8. =°# team =òO^Î ° Qê batting KÍ ‹ ²
J`Ç_È° =°Oz rank ‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey†ÇòO_Í †Ç ò #ß > ÿ Ø Á ` Í , x#ß match ï Q •°=Q® e y
"Œ_¨? †ÇòO_Í"Œ~Œ?
Could he have got good rank if he had
Could they have won the mathc if they
taken coaching last time?
had chosen to bat first yesterday ?

401
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9. Communist party support K͆ǰH›‡é~ò EXERCISE


#>ÿØÁ`Í, Congress Party öHOã^ÎO…Õ govt D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
form K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í^¥? "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
Could the Congress Party have formed K͆°Ç O_•.
the govt. at centre if the communist par- 1. x#ß =°#=ò P bus miss J~ò#@Á~ò`Í
ties had not supported? time H÷ exam hall H÷ KÍ ~ ¡ ° HËQ® e y
10.h=ô ƒìQê prepare J~ò=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, Zxß =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=¶?
marks score K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ_È=ô?
How many marks could you have
2. =°#=ò x#ß J`Ç x ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O
scored if you had prepared well? HËi=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, J`Ç_È° =°#䛽 help
11. Studies „¬îië KÍ‹²# "³O@<Í h=ô job K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
‡ÚOk =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í, W„¬æ\÷H÷ Zxß ‹¬OII• ser- 3. P"³ ° #° lecturers ƒìQê encourage
vice „¬îië K͆°Ç Q®ey =ôO_Í"Œ_•q?
How many year service could you have KÍ‹²=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, state rank ‡ÚO^ÎQ®ey
completed by now if you had got a job =ôO_Í^¥?
immediately after your studies?
4. =°#=ò "Œix HËi=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, "Œ~¡°
12. B J P majority seats ïQez=ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í P
Party …Õ Z=~¡° PM J=Q®ey=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
Zä› ½ ø= "³ ò `Ç ë O donate KÍ † Ç ° Q® e y
Who could have become Prime Minis- =ôO_Í"Œ~Œ?
ter in hat party if the BJP had won ma- 5. J`Ç_È° regular Qê classes H÷ attend
jority of seats?
J~ò=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, Z䛽ø= marks score
13."Œ~¡° D proposal u~¡‹¬øiOz =ô#ß>ÿØÁ`Í
h=ô Uq° K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ_È=ô? K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ_¨?
What could you have done if they had 6. Night JO`Œ work KÍ‹²=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, "Œ~¡°
rejected this proposal ? W„¬æ\÷H÷ Zxß cards print K͆ǰQ®ey
14.=òO^Î ° Qê batting choose
=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°?
KÍ‹¬°Hùx†Çò#ß@Á~ò`Í, x#ß match …Õ
Indian players Zxß „¬ ~ ¡ ° Q® ° •° score 7. Night JO`Œ journey KÍ‹²=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í
K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ~¡°? W„¬æ\H÷ ÷ =°#=ò ZO`Ç^¶ Î ~¡=ò „
ã †
¬ ¶ Ç }O
Howmany runs could the Indian play- K͆ǰQ®ey=ôO_Í"Œ~¡=ò?
ers have scored if they had chosen
batting first? 8. h䛽 x#ß amount JOk=ô#ß@Á~ò`Í, h=ô
15."Œ~¡ ° accommodation H› e æOKÇ H › "ŒiH÷ ZO`Ç amount adjust K͆ǰQ®ey
‡é~ò#@Á~ò`Í, =°#=ò ~Œãu ZH›ø_È䛽 =ôO_Í"Œ_È=ô?
"³ˆ×¤Q®eöQ"Œ~¡=ò?
Where could we have gone, if they had
not provided us the accommodation last
night? Z
The folly of one man is the fortune of another. 402
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Could have + III form of the Verb'
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3.
Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#° KǶ„¬ôKǶ
'K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~¡=òÑ J#ß@°ÁQê ability Q®°iOz K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Could
have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. If you had asked me, I could have helped you.
2. If we had come by an auto, we could have caught the train.
3. If she had worked hard, she could have scored well.
4. If they had practised regularly, they could have won the match.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰQ®ey# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#° KǶ„¬ôKǶ
'K͆ǰ…èH› ‡é†Í°"Œ~¡=òÑ J#ß@°ÁQê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Could not + have + III
form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. If I had not taken coaching, I could not have passed the test.
2. If we had not gone by a taxi, we could not have reached their in time.
3. If he had not prepared all the lessons, he could not have answered all the
questions.
4. If they had delayed the work,, they could not have got the payment.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç …èH‡› é~ò# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz H›ê~¡}=ò#° KǶ„¬ôKǶ
'K͆ǰQ®ey =ôO_Í"Œ~ŒÑ J#° J~¡Ö=ò…Õ ability Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 "
Could have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Could you have succeeded, if they had not co-operated with you?
2. Could you have got this job, if he had not recommended you?
3. Could he have become an officer, if he had not worked hard?
4. Could they have cleared the loan, if he had not helped them?

403
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

821. Neigh neighed neighed ‹¬H÷eOKÇ°@


822. Nestle nestled nestled ‚¬ð~òx‡ÚO^ΰ@
823. Nibble nibbled nibbled HùiH÷u#°@
824. Niggle niggled niggled Hê•=ò =$^•¥K͆ò Ç @
825. Notify notified notified `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°@
826. Nourish nourished nourished Ì„OzÌ„^ÎíK͆Çò@
827. Obsess obsessed obsessed =°<Ë"Í^•Î# H›eyOKÇ°
828. Outlive outlived outlived z~¡ª•Ö~òQê =ôO_È°@
829. Overflow overflowed overflowed ‡ÚiÁ ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°@
830. Overhawl overhawled overhawled „¬îië =°~¡=°à`Ç°ë•°
K͆Çò@
831. Overrule overruled overruled ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò@
832. Overturn overturned overturned `Ç•ãH÷O^ΰ•Q®°@
833. Owe owed owed |°°}„¬_•=ôO_È°@
834. Palliate palliated palliated L„¬‰×=°#=ò ‡ÚO^ΰ@
835. Palpitate palpitated palpitated Hù@°“Hù#°, J^Î~¡°@
836. Pamper pampered pampered ^Άǰ`ËKǶKÇ°@
837. Pander pandered pandered HËiH›•° H›•°Q®*è†Çò@
838. Parch parched parched ZO_ȃÿ@°“@
839. Parse parsed parsed qq^•Î ƒ•ìQ®=ò•°
q=iOKÇ°
840. Patronize patronized patronized ‡ã é`Ç•‚²ìOKÇ°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.
Z
404 A prophet is not honoured in his own country.
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SHOULD HAVE
XHùøH›øª•i Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz "Œ~¡° P
„¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#kQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô Q®=~¡ß"³°O@° Hê…èr…Õ join J~òLO_È =•‹²#k.
J g°~¡° Vijayawada …Õ<Í settle J~ò=ôO_È =•‹²#k.
J g°~¡° "³O@<Í P"³°#° ‚¬ð‹²æ@…˜H÷ f‹¬°ä›½"³o¤ †ÇòO_È=•‹²#k.
J g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°O =òO^ΰQê<Í "ŒiH÷ inform KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ =°#=ò K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz =°#=ò
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#kQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
P„¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO>è ƒìQ®°O_Ík J#° J~¡Ö=ò =KÇ°ó#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Should have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Should have + III Form' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. h=ô x#ß principal x consult J~ò 6. "Œ~¡ ° last year P house Hùx
LO_È=•‹²#k. †ÇòO_È=•‹²#k.
You should have consulted the They should have bought that house
Principal yesterday. last year.
2. g°~¡ ° x#ß J`Ç x H÷ bill pay KÍ ‹ ² 7. <Í#° last year MPC group join J~ò
†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
You should have paid him the bill I should have joined M.P.C Group last
yesterday. year.
3. h=ô last summer …Õ computer course 8. =°#=ò Hyderabad city …Õ settle J~ò
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. LO_È=•‹²#k.
You should have done the computer We should have settled down in
course last summer. Hyderabad city.
4. g° brother last week P job HË‹¬O try 9. g°~¡° last time entrance test H÷ coaching
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. f‹¬°HùxLO_È=•‹²#k.
Your brother should have tried for that You should have taken coaching for
job last time. the entrance test last time.
5. P"³° x#ß ‡•s“H÷ "Œix 䛕_¨ invite 10. "Œ~¡° last year hardwork KÍ‹² †ÇòO_È
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. =•‹²#k.
She should have invited them also to They should have worked hard last
the party yesterday. year.
405
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11. x#ß match …Õ Q®OQ®¶e =òO^ΰQê batting EXERCISE


choose KÍ‹¬°Hù#=•‹²#k.
Ganguly should have chosen to bat D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
first in the match yesterday.
K͆°Ç O_•.
12. P"³° last year studies continue KÍ‹²
†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. 1. h=ô last time P test H÷ appear
She should have continued her J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
studies last year.
2. g°~¡ ° x#ß <Œ HË‹¬ O JH› ø _È wait
13. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê<Í tickets book KÍ‹¬°Hùx KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
LO_È=•‹²#k.
They should have booked the tickets 3. =°#=ò =òO^Î ° Qê D q+¬ † Ç ° O
earlier. Manager `Ë discuss KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
14. <Í#° D q+¬†°Ç O x#ß J`Çx`Ë =¶\ìÁ_• 4. P†Ç°# P party …Õ<Í continue J~ò=ôO_È
LO_È=•‹²#k. =•‹²#k.
I should have talked this matter to him 5. P"³° J„¬C_Í P.G. KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
yesterday.
6. "Œ~¡° x#ß<Í P report submit KÍ‹²=ôO_È
15. =°#=ò x#ß guest •ä›½ accommodation =•‹²#k.
provide KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k.
We should have provided the 7. <Í#° last time P job H÷ try KÍ‹²=ôO_È
accommodation to the guests =•‹²#k.
yesterday. 8. "Í°=ò JH›ø_È WOHùH› "Œ~¡O ~ËA•° stay
16. g°~¡° "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O x#ß<Í inform KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. 9. P†Ç ° # WOHùH› "Œ~¡ O ~ËA•° rest
You should have informed them this f‹¬°Hùx=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
matter yesterday.
10. P"³° x#ß P competition …Õ participate
17. P"³ ° J„¬ C _È ° P proposal X„¬ C Hùx
LO_È=•‹²#k. KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
She should have accepted to that 11. P†Ç ° # P post H÷ J„¬ C _Í resign
proposal then. KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
18. g°~¡ ° D work x#ß<Í „¬ î ië KÍ ‹ ² 12. h=ô "³ O @<Í <Œä› ½ inform KÍ ‹ ² = ôO_È
†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k. =•‹²#k.
You should have finished this work 13. g°~¡° g° „²•Á•#° D school …Õ admit
yesterday itself.
KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
19. x#ß match …Õ last over Zaheer Khan 14. x#ß g°~¡ ° ä› • _¨ =¶`Ë =zó = ôO_È
bowl KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=•‹²#k.
Zaheerkhan should have bowled the =•‹²#k.
last over in yesterday's match. 15. J`Ç_È° exam H÷ WOHê ƒìQê prepare
20. h=ô XH› =°Oz x~¡ â † Ç ° O f‹¬ ° Hùx J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
LO_È=•‹²#k.
You should have taken a strong
decision. Z
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 406
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NEGATIVE FORM
Q®`ÇO…Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#kQê K³„¬C KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
XH› „¬xx Q®`OÇ …Õ ‡Ú~¡ƒì@°#Qêx, Jã‰^
× =
œÎ •ÁQêx KÍ‹² †ÇòO^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx KÍ‹=
² ôO_È=•‹²#k
Hê^ΰ J#° J~¡œ=ò`Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@.
J h=ô x#ß meeting H÷ attend J=䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
J g°~¡° x#ß "ŒiO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤ä›½O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
J g° brother P job =^ΰ•°HË䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
J P"³° "Œix function H÷ invite K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#kQê
(„¬xx KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k Hê^ΰ) Jx K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~°¡ Qêx KÍ‹#² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
`Ç~°¡ "Œ`Ç Ja•ã‡•†Ç°=ò =¼H›„ë ~¬ °¡ ‹¬¶ë P„¬x K͆°Ç 䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k J#° J~¡=œ ò`Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Should not have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'should not have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° last year studies discontinue 6. P"³° P proposal X„¬CHË䛽O_¨ LO_È
K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k. =•‹²#k.
I should not have discontinued my She should not have accepted to that
studies last year. proposal.
2. =°#=ò x#ß JH› ø _È ä › ½ "³ ˆ × ¤ ä › ½ O_¨ 7. "Œ~¡ ° P house J=°àä› ½ O_¨
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
We should not have gone there They should not have sold that house.
yesterday. 8. h=ô J`Ç x H÷ =òO^Î ° Qê money pay
3. h=ô J`Ç x H÷ help KÍ † Ç ° ä› ½ O_¨ K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
LO_È=•‹²#k. You should not have paid him money
You should not have helped him. earlier.
4. g°~¡° x#ß g°\÷OQ· postpone K͆°Ç 䛽O_¨ 9. =°#=ò "Œi q+¬ † Ç ° O…Õ *ÕH› ¼ O
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. KÍ‹¬°HË䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
You should not have postponed the We should not have interefered in
meeting yesterday. thier matter.
5. g° brother last year P job H÷ resign 10. J`Ç _ È ° arts group …Õ KÍ ~ ¡ ä › ½ O_¨
K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k. =ôO_È=‹²#k.
Your brother should not have He should not have joined the arts
resigned to that post last year. group.

407
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11. P"³° x#ß "Œix party H÷ invite K͆ǰ EXERCISE


䛽O_¨=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
She should not have invited them to
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
the party yesterday. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. <Í#° x#ß JH›ø_È time waste K͆ǰ䛽O_¨
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. 1. <Í#° x#ß JH›ø_È J`Çxx H›•°=䛽O_¨
I should not have wasted my time =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
there yesterday. 2. "Í ° =ò x#ß class miss Hêä› ½ O_¨
13. =°#=ò last year studies neglect =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
K͆ǰ䛽O_¨=ôO_È=•‹²#k. 3. g°~¡° D q+¬†Ç°=ò J`ÇxH÷ K³„¬æ䛽O_¨
We should not have neglected our =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
studies last year. 4. g° brother P x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°HË䛽O_¨
14. h=ô x#ß work delay KÍ † Ç ° ä› ½ O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. 5. P"³° x#ß P party H÷ attend Hê䛽O_¨
You should not have delayed the work
=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
yesterday.
15. g° father P business close K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ 6. "Œ~¡° business …Õ JO`Ç amount invest
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
Your father should not have closed 7. <Í#° x#ß "Œi =òO^ΰ J…ì ㄬ=iëOKÇ
that business. 䛽O_¨=ôO_È=•‹²#k.
16. P"³° x#ß "Œi`Ë J…ì =¶\ìÁ_È䛽O_¨ 8. "Í°=ò J`Çx`Ë JO`Ç close Qê move
=ôO_È=•‹²#k. Hê䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
She should not have talked to them 9. h=ô x#ß J`Çxx P q+¬†Ç°O J_ÈQ®ä›½O_¨
like that yesterday. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
17. "Œ~¡ ° last month P house vacate 10. g°~¡ ° x#ß programme cancel
K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k. K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
They should not have vacated that
11. J`Ç_È° last time P ‡•s“…Õ KÍ~¡ä›½O_¨
house lastmonth.
18. g°~¡° P =î~¡° =^ÎeÌ„@“䛽O_¨ =ôO_È =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
=•‹²#k. 12. P"³° x#ß "ŒiO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤ä›½O_¨ =ôO_È
You should not have left that village. =•‹²#k.
19. g°~¡ ° P project ä› ½ JO`Ç amount 13. "Œ~¡° last week work stop K͆ǰ䛽O_¨
Y~¡°óÌ„@“䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#k. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
You should not have spent that much 14. =°#=ò J`Ç x Ì „ á P^•¥~¡ „ ¬ _ È ä › ½ O_¨
amount on that project. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
20. g° brother politics …ÕH÷ enter Hê䛽O_¨ 15. g°~¡° last year P Hê…èl…Õ KÍ~¡ä›½O_¨
LO_È=•‹²#k. =ôO_È=•‹²#k.
Your brother should not have entered
into politics. Z
Beauty is truth, truth is beauty. 408
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QUESTION FORM
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz P „¬xx KÍ‹² †Çò#ß>`ÁØÿ Í
ƒìQ®°O_È°#<³_• L^Í‰í ¼× =ò`Ë „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß JH›ø_È䛽 <Í#° 䛕_¨ "³o¤ =ôO_È =•‹²#^¥?
J "Í°=ò P course KÍ‹² =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
J J`Ç_È° last month P post 䛽 apply KÍ‹² =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
J P"³° x#ß "Œix 䛕_¨ invite KÍ‹² =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?

D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz P „¬xx KÍ‹²
†ÇòO_•#>ÿ`ÁØ Í ƒìQ®°O_Í^"Í ¶³ J#° L^͉œ ¼× =ò`Ë „ã t¬ ßOKÇ°@䛽
" Should have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'Should have' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í # ° MPC group join J==•‹² # ^¥? 6. J`Ç_È° P job resign KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
Should I have joined M.P.C group? Should he have resigned to his job?
2. "Í°=ò D q+¬†Ç°O "ŒiH÷ =òO^ΰQê in- 7. <Í # ° D report x#ß < Í submit KÍ ‹ ²
form KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥? =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
Should we have informed them this Should I have submitted this report
matter earlier? yesterday?
3. h=ô last year govt job H÷ try KÍ ‹ ² 8. "Í°=ò D q+¬†°Ç OÌ„á police •ä›½ complaint
=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥? KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
Should you have tried for a govt job last Should we have complained to the po-
year? lice on this matter?
4. P"³° heart specialist #° consult J~ò 9. g°~¡ ° x#ß XH› x~¡ â † Ç ° O f‹¬ ° Hùx
=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥? =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
Should she have consulted the heart Should you have taken a decision yes-
specialist ? terday?
5. "Œ~¡° x#ß Work continue K͆°Ç =•‹² #^¥? 10. J`Ç_È° last year computer course KÍ‹²
Should they have continued the work
=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
yesterday ? Should he have done the computer
course last year?

409
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11. P"³°last time entrance test 䛽 ZH›ø_È EXERCISE


appear J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
Where Should she have appeared for
the entrance test last time? KÍ
1.†°=°#=ò
Ç O_•. EAMCET 䛽 academy books
12. "Œ~¡° Z„¬C_È° JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°^Íi =ôO_È=•‹² follow J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
#k?
When should they have started there? 2. =°#=ò ä› • _¨ Bits Pilani H÷ apply
13. x#ß =°#=ò JH› ø _È Z=ix H› • ‹² KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
Whom should we have consulted 3. g°~¡ ° x#ß seminar ä› ½ attend
there yesterday? J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
14. =°#…Õ last year ZO`Ç amount invest KÍ‹²
=ôO_È=•‹²#k? 4. P"³ ° "Œix ä› • _¨ invite KÍ ‹ ²
Howmuch amount should we have in- =ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
vested last year?
15. =°#=ò x#ß JH› ø _È Uq° KÍ ‹ ² 5. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _Í P house vacate
=ôO_È=•‹²#k? KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
What should we have done there yes-
terday?
6. h=ô =òO^ΰQê<Í P course Q®°iOz en-
quire KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#^¥?
16. x#ß match …Õ Indian players Zxß runs
score KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
7. x#ß match …Õ last over Z=~¡° bowl
How many runs should the Indian play-
KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
ers have scored in the match yester-
day? 8. =°#=ò x#ß marriage …Õ J`ÇxH÷ gift Qê
17. "Œ~¡° ZH›ø_È settle J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#k? Uq° Wzó=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
Where should they have settled down?
18. =°#=ò Maths H÷ U Book refer KÍ‹² 9. =°#=ò x#ß function 䛽 guest Qê Z=ix
=ôO_È=•‹²#k? invite KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
Which book should we have refered
to for Maths? 10. =°#=ò x#ß Zxß copies order
19. =°#=ò last month U course join KÍ‹²=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
J~ò=ôO_È=•‹²#k?
Which course should we have joined
last month?
20. =°#…Õ application form `Ë Zxß copies
enclose KÍ‹² =ôO_È=•‹²#k?
How many copies should we have en-
closed with the application form? Z
Wealth and power are not greater than honour. 410
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Should have + III form of the Verb'
J#° structure Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3.
Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Xä›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz 'KÍ‹²=ôO_È =•‹²#kÑ
J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Should have + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You should have done the computer course.
2. He should have continued his studies last year.
3. She should have consulted the doctor.
4. They should have paid the bill yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz 'K͆ǰ䛽O_¨ =ôO_È=•‹²#kÑ
J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Should not + have + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You should not have gone there yesterday.
2. We should not have wasted our time there yesterday.
3. He should not have taken that decision.
4. They should not have delayed the work.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Xä›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz 'KÍ‹=
² ô#ß>`åÁÿ Í ƒìQ®°O_È^
Í ¥?Ñ
J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Should have + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Should I have consulted him earlier?
2. Should we have attended the conference yesterday?
3. Should you have joined that course last year?
4. Should they have bought that house then?

411
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

841. Pave paved paved #°#°„¬ô„¬~¡KÇ°@


842. Pelt pelted pelted q‹¬i"͆Çò@
843. Penalize penalized penalized ^ÎO_•OKÇ°@
844. Perceive perceived perceived H›#°Qù#°@
845. Perish perished perished #tOKÇ°@
846. Perplex perplexed perplexed H›•=~¡„¬_È°@
847. Persist persisted persisted „¬@°“„¬@°“@
848. Personify personified personified =¼H÷ëQê‡é•°ó@
849. Perspire perspired perspired K³=°@‡é†Çò@
850. Pervade pervaded pervaded "Œ¼„²OKÇ°@
851. Petrify petrified petrified t•Qê=¶~¡°@
852. Pinch pinched pinched y•°Á@
853. Plead pleaded pleaded =°#qKÍ‹¬°Hù#°@
854. Polloute polluted polluted H›•°+²`Ç=òK͆Çò@
855. Pooh-pooh pooh-poohed pooh-poohed „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°@
856. Portray portrayed portrayed „¬@=òw†Çò@
857. Postdate postdated postdated ~ŒƒÕ=ô `Ík"͆Çò@
858. Pounce pounced pounced L#ß@°ÁO_• „Ì |á _È°@
859. Practise practised practised Jƒ•ì¼‹¬=òK͆òÇ @
860. Prattle prattled prattled z#ß„²•Á•=…ÿ =¶\ìÁ_È°@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
412 He who has mastery over the mind is a monarch unto himself.
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MUST HAVE
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ Yzó`OÇ Qê KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O_•#
XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô J`Çxx WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ Yzó`ÇOQê KǶ‹²=ôO\ì=ô.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê Manager x H›e‹² =ôO\ì_È°.
J P"³° last week Yzó`ÇOQê doctor #° consult J~ò=ôO@°Ok.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê D q+¬†Ç°O discuss KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ Yzó`OÇ Qê KÍ‹†
² ò
Ç O_•# XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
Dq^•ÎOQê Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò Qêx, "Í~ùH›~¡°Qêx Yzó`ÇOQê XH› „¬xx
KÍ‹²†ÇòO^ΰ~¡°Ñ Jx Z@°=O\÷ ‹¬O^Í‚¬ì=ò …è䛽O_¨ <ùH÷ø K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Must have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ ''Must have + III form'' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê D news qx=ôO\ì~¡°. 6. h=ô x#ß Yzó`OÇ Qê J`Çxx H›e‹²=ôO\ì=ô.
You must have heard this news. You must have met him yesterday.
2. h=ô Yzó`ÇOQê P book KÇk"Í=ôO\ì=ô. 7. g°~¡ ° last month Yzó ` Ç O Qê orders
You must have read that book. receive KÍ‹¬°Hùx =ôO\ì~¡°.
3. =¶ brother Yzó`ÇOQê ~Œãu Delhi …Õ You must have received the orders
|†Ç°•°^Íi=ôO\ì_È°. last month.
My brother must have started in Delhi
8. J`Ç_È° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê JH›ø_È =°# HË‹¬O
last night.
wait KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_È°.
4. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê exam. pass J~ò He must have waited for us there
=ôO@°Ok. yesterday.
She must have passed the
examination.
9. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê HË•°Hùx =ôO@°Ok.
She must have recovered.
5. "Œ~¡° Yzó`OÇ Qê x#ß bank #°O_• amount
draw KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~¡°. 10. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê D news `³•°‹¬°Hùx
They must have drawn the amount =ôO\ì~¡°.
from the bank yesterday. They must have known this news.

413
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11. g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê Jxß chapters prepare EXERCISE


J~ò=ôO\ì~¡°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
You must have prepared all the "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
chapters. KÍ
1.†°Ç O_•.
h=ô Yzó ` Ç O Qê English grammar
12. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê D q+¬†Ç°O `Ç# father <Í~¡°óHùx=ôO\ì=ô.
`Ë discuss KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_È°. 2. g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß function H÷ attend
He must have discussed this matter
J~ò=ôO\ì~¡°.
with his father.
3. J`Ç _ È ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê "ŒiH÷ money
13. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß bank test H÷ appear „¬O„²=ôO\ì_È°.
J~ò=ôO@°Ok.
She must have appeared for the bank
4. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê "Œix invite KÍ ‹ ²
test yesterday.
=ôO@°Ok.
14. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß Hyderabad …Õ 5. "Œ~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê x#ß match ï Q ez
specialist x consult J~ò=ôO\ì~¡°.
=ôO\ì~¡°.
They must have consulted the 6. h=ô Yzó`OÇ Qê job H÷ apply KÍ‹² =ôO\ì=ô.
specialist in Hyderabad yesterday. 7. g°~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê x~¡ â † Ç ° O f‹¬ ° ä› ½ x
15. h=ô Yzó`ÇOQê D film KǶÀ‹ =ôO\ì=ô. =ôO\ì~¡°.
You must have seen this film. 8. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O
16. g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê already P place visit inform KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_È°.
KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~¡°. 9. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê interview ƒìQê KÍ‹²
You must have already visited that =ôO@°Ok.
place.
10. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß festival celebrate
17. Yzó ` Ç O Qê D q+¬ † Ç ° O J`Ç x H÷ h"Í KÍ‹¬°Hùx =ôO\ì~¡°.
K³„²æ=ôO\ì=ô. 11. h=ô Yzó`ÇOQê hard work KÍ‹² =ôO\ì=ô.
You must have told him this matter.
12. g°~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê picnic …Õ ƒìQê enjoy
18. =¶ sister x#ß exam Yzó`ÇOQê ƒìQê KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~¡°.
ã"Œ‹²=ôO@°Ok.
My sister must have written the exam.
13. "Œ~¡° Yzó`OÇ Qê P new house …ÕxH÷ shift
well yesterday.
J~ò=ôO\ì~¡°.
19. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê P job H÷ •OKÇO Pay
14. =¶ brother Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß tax pay
KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_È°. KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_È°.
He must have paid a bribe for that job. 15. "Œ~¡° Yzó`OÇ Qê J`Çxx X„²æOz=ôO\ì~¡°.
20. „² < ŒH÷ x ZH± • ã Ì „ ‹¹ W„¬ æ \ ÷ ö H "³ o ¤ ‡ é~ò
=ôO@°Ok.
The Pinakini Express must have left
by now.
Z
Revenge is the poor delight of little minds. 414
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NEGATIVE FORM
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx Yzó`ÇOQê Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶
KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡° Jx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô D book KÇkq=ôO_È=ô. J g°~¡° D course KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡°.
J J`Ç_È° D news WOHê qx=ôO_È_È°. J P"³° exams ã"Œ‹²=ôO_È^ΰ.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH› „¬xx Yzó`ÇOQê Z\÷“ „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶
KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡° Jx K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò XH›~°¡ …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx Yzó`OÇ Qê,
Z\÷“„¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ KÍ‹² =ôO_È~¡° J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Must not have+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##¶ 'must not have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô Yzó`ÇOQê W@°=O\÷ book Z„¬C_ȶ 6. h=ô W@°=O\÷ experience WO`Ç=~¡ä›½
KÇkq=ôO_È=ô. face KÍ‹²=ôO_È=ô.
You must not have read such a book You must not have faced such an
sofar. experience sofar.
2. g°~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê W@°=O\÷ =¼H÷ ë x 7. g°~¡° WO`Ç =°Oz speech WO`Ç=~¡ä›½
WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ KǶ‹²=ôO_È~¡°. qx=ôO_È~¡°.
You must not have seen such a You must not have listened to such a
person sofar. good speech sofar.
3. J`Ç_È° x#ß JH›ø_È "Œix H›e‹²=ôO_È_È°. 8. J`Ç_È° D `Ç„¬C KÍ‹²=ôO_È_È°.
He must not have met them there He must not have committed this
yesterday. mistake.
4. P"³° last time D test H÷ appear J~ò 9. P"³° Z\÷“„¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ "Œi`Ë D q+¬†Ç°O
=ôO_È^ΰ. K³„²æ=ôO_È^ΰ.
She must not have appeared for this She must not have told them this
test lasttime. matter.
5. "Œ~¡° x#ß g°\÷OQ·H÷ attend J~ò=ôO_È~¡°. 10. "Œ~¡° D fact `³e‹²Hùx=ôO_È~¡°.
They must not have attended the They must not have known this fact.
meeting yesterday.
415
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11. h=ô J@°=O\÷ =°Oz programme EXERCISE


WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ enjoy KÍ‹²=ôO_È=ô. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
You must not have enjoyed such a
nice programme sofar.
K͆°Ç O_•.
12. g°~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ W@°=O\÷ JO^Î"³°Ø# 1. g°~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä½› W…ìO\÷ party celebrate
place visit KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡°. KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡°.
You must not have visited such a 2. g°~¡° WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ W@°=O\÷ JO^Î"³°Ø#
beautiful place sofar. ^Î$‰×¼O KǶ‹²=ôO_È~¡°.
13. J`Ç_È° Z\÷“„¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•…Õ#¶ "ŒiH÷ •OKÇO 3. J`Ç_È° WOHê JH›ø_È䛽 KÍ~¡°Hùx =ôO_È_È°.
K³eÁOz=ôO_È_È°.
He must not have paid them a bribe.
4. P"³° Yzó`OÇ Qê "Œix invite KÍ‹= ² ôO_È^°Î .
14. P"³° "Œix ƒìQê treat KÍ‹²=ôO_È^ΰ. 5. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê D course KÍ‹²=ôO_È~¡°.
She must not have treated them well. 6. h=ô Yzó ` Ç O Qê D item taste
15. "Œ~¡° last time J`ÇxH÷ help KÍ‹² =ôO_È~¡°. KÍ‹²=ôO_È=ô.
They must not have helped him last
7. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê WOHê salary draw
time.
KÍ‹²=ôO_È_È°.
16. h=ô J`Ç x problem J~¡ œ O KÍ ‹ ¬ ° Hùx
=ôO_È=ô. 8. P"³° x#ß „²•Á•#° picnic H÷ „¬O„²=ôO_È^ΰ.
You must not have understood his 9. "Œ~¡° last time D place visit KÍ‹= ² ôO_È~°¡ .
problem. 10. "Œ~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê x#ß J`Ç x =¶@•°
17. J`Ç_È° x#ß exam ƒìQê ã"Œ‹² =ôO_È_È°. '#q°à=ôO_È~¡°Ñ.
He must not have written the exam.
11. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß "ŒiH÷ Yzó ` Ç O Qê help
well yesterday.
KÍ‹²=ôO_È_È°.
18. P"³° P article ^ùOyeOz=ôO_È^ΰ.
She must not have stolen that article.
12. h=ô Yzó ` Ç O Qê J`Ç x advice follow
19. "Œ~¡° test H÷ ‹¬iQê prepare J~ò=ôO_È~°¡ . J~ò=ôO_È=ô.
They must not have prepared well for 13. P"³° Yzó`OÇ Qê x#ß JH›ø_Èä½› "³o¤=ôO_È^°Î .
the test. 14. "Œ~¡° Yzó`OÇ Qê x#ß bill pay KÍ‹= ² ôO_È~°¡ .
20. J`Ç_°È =°# message JO^ΰHùx=ôO_È_°È . 15. h=ô Yzó`ÇOQê WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ W@°=O\÷ XH›
He must not have received our
ㄬ†Ç¶}O KÍ‹²=ôO_È=ô.
message.

Z
When thought is joined to will, it becomes power. 416
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QUESTION FORM
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° XH› „¬xx Yzó`ÇOQê KÍ‹²=ôO^ΰ~¡x x‰×ó†Ç°=ò
Qê (`Ç„¬æH› [iy=ôO_È°@#°) Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê salary draw KÍ‹² =ôO\ì_¨?
J P"³° last week Yzó`ÇOQê Nellore "³o¤=ôO@°O^¥?
J "Œ~¡° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê D news `³•°‹¬°Hùx =ôO\ì~Œ?
J g° brother Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß JH›ø_È "Œix consult J~ò =ôO\ì_¨?

D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò #O^ΰ XH›~°¡ XH› „¬xx Yzó`OÇ Qê KÍ‹=² ôO\ì~Œ J#°
J~¡œ=ò`Ë definite Qê KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È°@#° Q®°iOz ㄬtßOKÇ°@䛽
"Must have + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Must have' L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. P"³° x#ß Yzó`ÇOQê P party H÷ attend 6. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß Yzó ` Ç O Qê bill pay KÍ ‹ ²
J~ò=ôO@°O^¥? =ôO\ì_¨?
Must she have attended the party Must he have paid the bill yesterday?
yesterday? 7. J`Ç_È° last year Yzó`ÇOQê P course
2. "Œ~¡° last month YzóO`ÇOQê meeting KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_¨?
conduct KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~Œ? Must he have done that course last
Must thdy have conducted the meeting year?
last month? 8. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê D q+¬†Ç°O `³•°‹¬°Hùx
3. J`Ç _ È ° x#ß Yzó ` Ç O Qê camp "³ o ¤ =ôO@°O^¥?
=ôO\ì_¨? Must she have known this news?
Must he have gone on camp
yesterday?
9. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß JH›ø_È meeting H÷
4. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê D q+¬ † Ç ° O "ŒiH÷ U~Œæ@°Á KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~Œ?
K³„²æ=ôO@°O^¥? Must they have made the
Must she have told them this news? arrangements for the meeting
5. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß bank #°O_• amount yesterday?
draw KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~Œ? 10. J`Ç_°È Yzó`OÇ Qê `Ç# „
ã †
¬ °Ç `ÇßO…Õ success
Must they have drawn the amount from J~ò=ôO\ì_¨?
the bank yesterday? Must he have succeeded in his
attempt?
417
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11. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê "Œi proposal X„¬CHùx EXERCISE


=ôO@°O^¥? D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Must she have accepted to their "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
proposal? K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß programme …Õ 1. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê =°# file verify KÍ‹²
‡•…ç¾x =ôO\ì~Œ? =ôO\ì_¨?
Must they have participated in the 2. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê duty …Õ join
programme yesterday? J~ò=ôO@°O^¥?
13. J`Ç_°È x#ß Yzó`OÇ Qê "Œix convince KÍ‹² 3. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß work finish KÍ‹²
=ôO\ì_¨? =ôO\ì~Œ?
Must he have convinced them
4. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß
yesterday?
5. P"³° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß principal #° consult
14. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê notes prepare KÍ ‹ ² J~ò=ôO@°O^¥?
=ôO@°O^¥? 6. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß meeting …Õ x~¡â†Ç°O
Must she have prepared the notes?
f‹¬°Hùx=ôO\ì~Œ?
15. "Œ~¡° Yzó`OÇ Qê last month loan clear KÍ‹² 7. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê ~Œãu JH›ø_È |†Ç°•°
=ôO\ì~Œ? ^Íi=ôO\ì_¨?
Must they have cleared the loan last
8. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê "Œi ‹¬ ‚ ¬ ð †Ç ° O HËi
month?
=ôO@°O^¥?
16. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê D x[O `³•°‹¬°Hùx 9. "Œ~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê orders JO^Î ° Hùx
=ôO\ì_¨?
=ôO\ì~Œ?
Must he have known this fact?
10. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O ex-
17. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê exam pass J~ò plain KÍ‹²=ôO\ì_¨?
=ôO@°O^¥?
11. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê x#ß "ŒiO\÷ H ÷ "³ o ¤
Must she have passed the
examination?
=ôO@°O^¥?
12. "Œ~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê tickets book KÍ ‹ ²
18. "Œ~¡ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê books order KÍ ‹ ²
=ôO\ì~Œ? =ôO\ì~Œ?
Must they have ordered the books?
13. J`Ç_È° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß Delhi …Õ train
JO^ΰHùx=ôO\ì_¨?
19. J`Ç _ È ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê promotion ‡ÚOk
=ôO\ì_¨? 14. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê D letter KÇ k q
Must he have got a promotion?
=ôO@°O^¥?
20. P"³ ° Yzó ` Ç O Qê certiicates receive
15. "Œ~¡° Yzó`ÇOQê x#ß J`ÇxH÷ money pay
KÍ‹¬°Hùx =ôO@°O^¥? KÍ‹²=ôO\ì~Œ?
Must she have received the
certificates? Z
Behind an ableman there are always other ablemen. 418
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D ~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Must have + III form of the Verb' J#°
structure Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.

1. POSITIVE FORM :

Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Xä›~¡° XH› „¬xx Yzó`ÇOQê 'KÍ‹² =ôO\ì~¡xÑ K³„¬C@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Must have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You must have known this matter.

2. He must have done the interview well.

3. She must have got good marks.

4. They must have cleared the loan.

2. NEGATIVE FORM :

Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Xä›~¡° XH› „¬xx Yzó`ÇOQê 'KÍ‹² =ôO_È~¡°Ñ Jx K³„¬C@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Must not + have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. You must not have faced such a problem sofar.

2. He must not have received our message.

3. She must not have invited them.

4. They must not have seen such a man sofar.

3. QUESTION FORM :

Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ Xä›~°¡ XH› „¬xx Yzó`OÇ Qê 'KÍ‹² =ôO\ì~Œ?Ñ J#° J~¡=
Ö ò`Ë
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " Must have + III form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex : 1. Must he have gone there last night?

2. Must she have received the telegram?

3. Must they have started there yesterday?

4. Must he have told them this news?

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

861. Bid bad bidden "Í•O‡•@‡•_È°@


862. Bleed bled bled ~¡H›ë=òHê~¡°@
863. Burst burst burst „¬Q®°•°@, z@°Á@
864. Dwell dwelt dwelt Hꄬô~¡=òO_È°@
865. Flee fled fled ‡•i‡é=ô@
866. Forbid forbade forbidden xÀ+k•OKÇ°@
867. Lay laid laid Ì„@°“@
868. Lean leant leant P#°Hù#°@
869. Lie lay lain „¬_•=ôO_È°@
870. Sew sewed sewn 䛽@°“@
871. Shed shed shed ~Œ•°ó@
872. Shrink shrank shrunk =ò_È°`Ç•°„¬_È°@
873. Slay slew slain KÇO„¬ô@
874. Smite smote smitten ƒì^ΰ@
875. Spring sprang sprung Ì„áH÷…èKÇ°@
876. Stride strode stridden JOQ®•°"͆Çò@
877. Tread trod trodden ã`ù䛽ø@
878. Undertake undertook undertaken „¬î#°H›ù#°@
879. Wring wrung wrung #°•°„¬ô@, „²O_È°@
880. Withhold withheld withheld xe„²"͆Çò@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
420 Merit is wealthier than fame.
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REPORTED SPEECH
XH› q+¬†Ç°=ò#° Q®°iOz KǶ‹²Qêx, qxQêh, `³e‹²HùxQêx q=~¡} WKÇ°ó@#°
Report JO^ΰ~¡°. D q^•Î=òQê XH› q+¬†°Ç =ò Q®°iOz q=~¡} WKÇ°ó "Œix Reporters
JO\ì~¡°. WH› Grammar …Õ XH›~¡° K³„²æ# q+¬†Ç°=ò#° =°~¡• J~¡Ö=ò =¶~¡ä›½O_¨ XH›~¡°
"Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° 'Reported Speech Ñ JO\ì~¡°. J#Qê XH›~¡° Direct Qê K³„²æ# =¶@•#°
"Œ~¡° "Í~ùH›iH÷ `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ_ÈO.
`ÇÞ~¡…Õ D.S.C. <Ë\÷„Hö²¦ +¬<£ q_È°^Ε Kͪ•ë=°x =òY¼=°Oãu q…èY~¡°•ä›½ K³„æ² <Œ~¡°.
=òY¼=°Oãu Direct Qê q…èY~¡°•ä›½ K³„²æ# =¶@•° =°~¡• =°#䛽 q…èY~¡°• ^¥Þ~ŒQêx, …èH›
"Í~ùH›i ^¥Þ~Œ Qêx `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ@O Reported Speech.
IMPORTANT POINTS :

1. Report speech …Õ "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQê•° (ï~O_È° clauses) LO\ì~ò. "³ò^Î\÷


ƒ•ìQ®=ò Main clause JO\ì=ò.
1. The chief- minister told the newsmen ...................

2. She told me ....................

3. They informed us ...............

4. My father asked me ...............

D clause •…Õx Verbs #° Reporting Verbs' JO\ì~¡°. D Verbs ^¥^¥„¬ôQê Z䛽ø=


Qê Past Tense …Õ<Í LO\ì~ò.
Present, Future Tense •…Õ ä›•_¨ LO_È=KÇ°ó.
EX : He tells me....

She says ....

They will say ....

Reported Speech …Õx ~ï O_È°= ƒ•ìQ®=ò#° Sub-ordinate Clauce JO\ì~¡°.


D Main Clause =°i†Çò Sub-ordinate Clause •#° H›•°„¬ôKǶ 'that' 'if' 'whether'
"³òII•Q®° conjunctions =ª•ë~ò.
Main clause …Õx Reporting verb Past - Tense …Õ =ôO>è Sub-ordinate Clause
…Õx Verb 䛕_¨ "ŒH›¼=ò#° |\÷“ Past Tense …Õ<Í LO_È=…ÿ#°.

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Reported Speech Structure D q^•ÎOQê =ôO@°Ok.


1. Main clause

Subject + Reporting Verb + Object

2. Conjunction

"ŒH›¼=ò#° |\÷“ 'that' Qêx 'If' 'whether' Qêh


3. Sub-ordinate Clause

Subject + Verb + q°ye# "ŒH›¼=ò


1. He told me / that / he was busy.

2. She imformed us / that / she had passed the test.

3. She asked me / if / I could secure a rank.

D notes …Õ Reported Speech Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form •ä›½
q=~¡OQê notes W=Þ|_•#k.

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POSITIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô „¬xx Q®°iOz
=òO^ΰQê K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ K͆Çò^ΰ=ò. Hêx
=òO^ΰQê "Í~ùH›iH÷ P „¬xx K͆Çò@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. nx<Í Reported
Speech JO^ΰ~¡°.
J Next Sunday Ongole =ª•ë#x =¶ brother <Œä›½ inform K͉§_È°.
J Next month P W•°Á Mìm Kͪ•ë=°x "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.
J Next week computer course join J=ô`Œ#x P"³° <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k.
J `ÇÞ~¡…Õ <³•¶Á~¡°ä›½ family shift Kͪ•ë=°x "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô „¬#°• Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQê XH›~°¡ "Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„C¬ @#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷
=òO^ΰQê<Í K³„¬ôæ@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would/Could/might+ I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P„¬x definite action J~ò#KË 'Would' =KÇ°ó#°.


K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x ability J~ò#KË 'Could' =KÇ°ó#°. K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x doubtful J~ò#KË
'Might' =KÇ°ó#°. D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~
ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°. ~ï O_È= clause …Õ that J#°
conjunction =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ö~„¬ô class …Õ new lesson teach Kͪ•ë#x
The Chief-Minister announced in the
=¶ WOwÁ+¹ …ÿHó~› ~¡ Ÿ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
assembly yesterday that they could
Our English lecturer said that he
solve the water problem in the state
would teach the new lesson in the
soon.
class tomorrow.
2. D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ `Ç„¬æH› ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ 5. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XOQË•°…Õ =¶~¡¾^ÎiÅ z\˜„¦¬O_£
Q®•#x =¶ friend <Œä›½ =¶@ WKŒó_È°. branch open Kͪ•ë=°x P ‹¬O‹¬Ö G.M.
My friend promised me that he could K³‡•æ~°¡ .
help me in that matter. The G.M. said that they would open
the branch of Margadarsi Chit fund in
3. D ª•i †Çüx=i•\© „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥ Ongole soon.
"͆ǰ=KÇ°ó#x =¶ Principal x#ß =¶ä›½
K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. 6. D ª•i match `Ç„¬æH› ïQ•°=Q®•=°x
Our Principal told us yesterday that the cricket team captain Dravid x#ß
university might postpone the q…èY~¡°•`Ë K³‡•æ~°¡ .
examinations this time. The Cricket team captian Dravid told
the newsmen yesterday that they
4. ~Œã+¬“O…Õ h\÷ ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „¬i+¬ø could win the match this time.
iOKÇQ®•=°x =òY¼=°Oãu x#ß JÌ‹OcÁ…Õ
ㄬH›\÷Oz<Œ~¡°.
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7. Next Sunday college …Õ Farewell party EXERCISE


grand Qê celebrate Kͪ•ë=°x Degree D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
students K³‡•æ~°¡ .
K͆°Ç O_•.
Degree students said that they would 1. Next month computer course join
celebrate the Farewell party very grand J=ô`Œ#x P"³° <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k .
next Sunday.
2. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ scooter HùO\ì#x J`Ç_È° <Œä›½
8. ï~O_È° <³••…Õ loan clear K͆ǰQ®•=°x K³‡•æ_°È .
"Œ~¡° x#ß Bank Manager H÷ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
They told the Bank Manager that they 3. Dª•i summer holidays Chennai …Õ
could clear their loan within two
Q®_°È „¬ô`Œ=°x "Œ~¡° K³‡•æ~°¡ .
months. 4. `³•°Q®°^͉O× ‡•s“ =°~¡• `Ç„æ¬H› Jk•Hê~¡O
9. ~ö „¬ô Manager camp 䛽 "³ˆ¤×=KÇ°ó#x clerk …ÕH÷ ~ŒQ®•^Îx N KÇO^ ã ƒ
Î ì|° K³‡•æ~°¡ .
<Œä›½ K³‡•æ_°È . 5. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P case …Õ <Í~¡‹¬°ë•#° arrest
The clerk told me that the manager K͆ǰQ®•=°x S.P. K³‡•æ~°¡ .
might go on camp tomorrow.
6. Indian cricket team =KÍó February …Õ
10. Dª•i EAMCET …Õ rank ‡ÚO^ÎQ®•#x England …Õ „¬~ó\
¡ ‹
÷ °¬ Oë ^Îx team manager
=¶ cousin <Œä›½ K³„²æOk. K³‡•æ~°¡ .
My cousin told me that she could get
7. Dª•i „¬aHÁ ± „¬sH›•Æ ° strict Qê x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë
rank in the EAMCET this time.
=°x Principal K³‡•æ~°¡ .
11. Next week JH›ø_È =‹¬u H›eæOKÇQ®•=°x
"Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ inform KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°. 8. D ~ËA, ö~„¬ô H˪•ë l…ìÁ•…Õ =~¡ÂO
„¬_=
È KÇ°#
ó x ~ö _•†³¶ „
ã H¬ \
› O÷ z#k.
They informed us that they could
provide us accommodation there next 9. `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ =°~¡ • team …Õ ª•Ö#O
week. ‡ÚO^ÎQ•® #x JQê~¡ø~Ÿ K³‡•æ_°È .
12. ï ~ O_È ° ~ËA•…Õ university „¦ ¬ e `Œ•° 10. 1 lakh loan sanction Kͪ•ë#x SBI
ㄬH›\÷OKÇ=KÇ°ó#x =¶ principal K³‡•æ~°¡ . manager <Œä›½ promise K͉§~¡°.
Our principal said that the university
might announce the results within two
days.

Z
Manners are of more important than laws. 424
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ#x XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQê K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
P „¬xx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ~¡°. Hêx =òO^ΰQê "Í~ùH›iH÷ P „¬xx K͆°Ç H› ‡é=ô@#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ~¡°.
J ö~„¬ô function H÷ attend J=#x =¶ brother <Œä›½ K³‡•æ_È°.
J Next week native place H÷ "³ˆ¤× #x J`Ç_°È =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ_È°.
J WH› J`ÇxH÷ help K͆°Ç =°x "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.
J P company …Õ work K͆ǰ#x =¶ cousin <Œä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷ K³„C¬ @#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›iH÷
=òO^ΰQê<Í K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would/Could/Might + not + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : K͆ǰx P „¬x definite action J~ò#KË 'Would not =KÇ°ó#°. K͆ǰx P
„¬x ability J~ò#KË 'could not' =KÇ°ó#°. K͆ǰx P „¬x doubtful J~ò#KË
'Might not' =KÇ°ó#°. D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~
ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°. "³ò^Î\÷ ^¥x…Õ Verb
Past Tense LO_È°#°. ï~O_È= clause …Õ that J#° conjunction =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ö~„¬ô college H÷ ~Œ#x =¶ friend <Œä›½ 5. `Ç=° =°^Îí`Ç° …è䛽O_¨ BJP „ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß
K³„²æ<Œ_È°. U~Œæ@° KÍ † Ç ° …è ^ Î x [†Ç ° •e`Ç
My friend told me that he would not q…èY~¡°•`Ë K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
come to college tomorrow. Ms. Jayalalitha told the newsmen that
2. JO`Ç amount XöHª•i K³eOÁ KÇ…#
è x J`Ç_°È the BJP could not form the
"ŒiH÷÷ K³„²æ<Œ_È°. government without her support.
He told them that he could not pay 6. `Œ#° D ª•i ZxßH›•…Õ ‡é\© K͆ǰH›
that much amount at a time. ‡é=KÇ ° ó # x N "³ O H› † Ç ° ¼<Œ†Ç ò _È °
3. D ~ËA manager office H÷ ~ŒH› ‡ é K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
=KÇ°ó#x clerk K³„²æ<Œ_È°. Sri Venkaiah Naidu said that he might
The clerk said that the manager might not contest in the elections this time.
not come to office today 7. Next year college …Õ KÍ~¡#x P"³° <Œä›½
4. BJP H÷ =°^Îí`Ç° W=Þ=ò Jx HêOãïQ‹¹ K³„²æ#k.
<Œ†Ç°ä›½•° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. She told me that she would not join
The Congress leaders said that they college next year.
would not support the BJP.

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8. D ª•i work delay K͆ǰ=ò Jx "Œ~¡° EXERCISE


=¶ä›½ K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
They told us that they would not delay
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
the work this time. K͆°Ç O_•.
9. Next Sunday seminar…Õ ‡•…ç¾##° Jx 1. ö ~ „¬ ô f‹¬ ° HË#x x#ß
class English
P"³° <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k. Lecturer =¶ä›½ K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
She told me that she would not
participate in the seminar next Sunday.
2. next week duty H÷ attend J=#x <Í#°
x#ß manager H÷ K³„²æ<Œ#°.
10. "Œi help …è䛽O_¨ D problem solve
K͆ǰ…è#x J`Ç_È° K³„²æ<Œ_È°. 3. Next month loan installment pay
He said that he could not solve that K͆ǰ…è#x J`Ç_È° manager H÷ K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
problem without their help.
4. Party next time`Ç # ä› ½ ticket
11. P"³ ° ö ~ „¬ ô function H÷ attend W=ÞH› ‡ é=KÇ ° ó # x J`Ç _ È ° J#°=¶#O
HêH›‡é=KÇ°ó#x "Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. =¼H›ë„¬~¡z<Œ_È°.
They siad that she might not attend the
function tomorrow. 5. J`Çx q+¬†Ç°O…Õ WH› *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°HË=°x
"Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
12. D town …Õ settle Hê=ò Jx "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½
K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. 6. ö ~ „¬ ô ‡•s“ H ÷ P"³ ° "Œix invite
They told us that they would not settle K͆ǰH›‡é=KÇ°ó#x "Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
down in that town.
7. <Í#° D problem face K͆ǰ…è#x "ŒiH÷
13. ordinary bus …Õ ã„¬†Ç¶}=ò K͆ǰ…è=°x K³„²æ<Œ#°.
"Í°=ò K³‡•æ=ò.
We said that we could not travel in 8. D mistake =°~¡•K͆ǰ#x J`Ç_È° "ŒiH÷
the ordinary bus. K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
14. D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ help K͆ǰ…è#x =¶ 9. JO`Ç amount invest K͆ǰ…è=ò Jx
friend <Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°. "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
My friend told me that he could not
10. D train ö~„¬ô L^ΆǰO Delhi KÍ~¡H›‡é
help me in that matter.
=KÇ°ó#x "Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
15. ö~„¬\÷ match …Õ Sachin P_ÈH›‡é=KÇ°ó#x
coach Chappel K³‡•æ~°¡ .
Coach Chappel said that Sachin
might not play in the match tomorrow. Z
A frog in a well should not speak of the sea. 426
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx
Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQê ㄬtßOz#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
P „¬xx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆ò
Ç ^ΰ~¡°. Hêx =òO^ΰQê "Í~ùH›ix P „¬xx K͆ò
Ç @#° Q®°iOz
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Next Sunday Ongole =ª•ë"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶ brother x J_•Qê#°.
J Next month W•°Á Mìm Kͪ•ë~Œ Jx "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
J Next week computer course join J=ô`Œ"Œ Jx P"³° ##°ß J_•y#k.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›ix „
ã t
¬ ßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›ix
=òO^ΰQê<Í ã„¬tßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would / Could / Might + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x definite action J~ò#KË 'Would =KÇ°ó#°.


K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x ability J~ò#KË 'could' =KÇ°ó#°. K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x doubtful J~ò#KË
'Might =KÇ°ó#°. D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~
ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°. "³ò^Î\÷ ^¥x…Õ Verb Past Tense
LO_È°#°. ï~O_È= clause …Õ 'if' J#° conjunction =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ö~„¬ô programme …Õ g°~¡° ‡•…ç¾O\ì~Œ 5. g°~¡° D ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° „¬i+¬øiOKÇQ®•~Œ Jx
Jx J`Ç_°È =°=òà•#° J_•y<Œ_È°. "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•y<Œ~¡°.
He asked us if we would participate They asked us if we could solve this
in the programme tomorrow. problem.
2. D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰ„¬_QÈ •® "Œ Jx <Í#° 6. g°~¡° next month scooter HùO\ì~Œ Jx
=¶ ‹
À ß‚ì² `Ç°x J_•y<Œ#°. J`Ç_°È ##°ß J_•y<Œ_È°.
I asked my friend if he could help me He asked me if I would buy a scooter
in this matter. next month.
3. ö~„¬ô <Í#° ‰Ü•=ô f‹¬°Hù#=KŒó Jx <Í#° 7. <Í#° P course …Õ KÍ~¡=KÇ°ó<Œ Jx <Í#°
=¶ manager #° J_•y<Œ#°. P†Ç°##° J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked the manager if I might take I asked him If I might join that course.
leave tomorrow. 8. g°~¡° next year Nellore …Õ branch open
4 D ª•i rank ‡ÚO^Î Q ® • "Œ Jx <Í # ° Kͪ•ë~Œ Jx "Í°=ò "Œix J_•y<Œ=ò.
P"³°#° J_•y<Œ#°. We asked them if they would open
I asked her if she could get the rank the branch in Nellore next year.
this time.

427
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9. =KÍó summer holidays g°~¡° ZH›ø_È EXERCISE


Q®_°È „¬ô`Œ~¡x P"³° =°=°àeß J_•y#k.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
She asked us where we would spend
the next summer holidays. K͆°Ç O_•.
10. Next U course join J=ô`Œ=x <Í # ° 1. Next June …Õ M.A. Join J=ô`Œ"Œ Jx
J`Çxx J_•Qê#°. =¶ brother ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
I asked him which course he would
2. ~ö „¬ô time H÷ JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ HËQ®•~Œ Jx <Í#°
join next.
11. D problem Z…ì solve K͆ǰQ®•~¡x "Œix J_•Qê#°.
"Í°=ò "Œix J_•y<Œ=ò. 3. =KÍó"Œ~¡O =¶`Ë tour H÷ ~Œ=KŒó J x "Œ~¡°
We asked them how they could solve =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
that problem. 4. =KÍó "Í° …Õ g°~¡° business start Kͪ•ë~Œ
12. ö~„¬ô marriage …Õ bride H›÷ Uq° present Jx "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
Kͪ•ë=x J`Ç_°È ##°ß J_•y<Œ_È°. 5. JH›ø_È XO@iQê LO_ÈQ®•"Œ Jx =¶
He asked me what I would present parents ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
to the bride in the marriage tomorrow.
6. g°~¡° =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Nellore H÷ shift
13. ö~„¬ô interview H÷ ZO`Ç=°Ok candidates
attend J=ô`Œ~¡ x <Í # ° clerk x
J=ô`Œ~Œ Jx "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
J_•y<Œ#°. 7. D „¬xx D "Œ~¡O =òyOKÇQ®•~Œ Jx
I asked the clerk howmany candidates <Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
would attend the interview tomorrow. 8. ö~„¬ô farewell party celebrate Kͪ•ë~Œ Jx
14. business …Õ ZO`Ç amount invest <Í#° =¶ friends x J_•Qê#°.
K͆°Ç Q®•~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•y<Œ=ò. 9. computer course Z„¬C_È° „¬îië Kͪ•ë=x
We asked them how much amount "Œ~¡° ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
they could invest in the business.
10. New house …ÕH÷÷ Z„¬C_È° shift J=ô`Œ~¡x
15. future …Õ ZH›ø_È settle J=ô`Œ~¡x "Í°=ò
"Œix J_•y<Œ=ò. <Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
We asked them where they would 11. Dª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ZH›ø_• #°O_• ‡é\©
settle down in future. Kͪ•ë~x¡ q…èY~¡°•° KÇO^
㠃Πì|°x J_•Qê~¡°.
16. ö ~ „¬ ô match …Õ ZO`Ç = °Ok bowlers 12. =KÍó <³• programme ZH›ø_È x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~x ¡
P_È`Œ~¡x q…èY~¡°Á captain #° J_•Qê~¡°. <Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
The newsmen asked the captain 13. ~ËAH÷ Zxß Q®O@•° „¬x K͆°Ç Q®•=x "Œ~¡°
howmany bowlers would play in the ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
match tomorrow.
14. Fresh batch Z„¬C_È° commence Kͪ•ë~x¡
17. ï~O_È° ~ËA•…Õ D lessons Z…ì prepare
J=Q® • ~¡ ° Jx lecturer =°=òà•#° "Í°=ò x#ß Director #° J_•Qê=ò.
J_•y<Œ~¡°. 15. Madras #°Oz Z„¬C_È° uiy =ª•ë=x
The lecturer asked us how we could <Í#° =¶ brother x J_•Qê#°.
prepare all these lessons within two
days. Z
Doing nothing is better than being busy doing nothing. 428
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?
D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Reported Speech' J#° topic
…Õ Future Action Q®°iOz <Í~°¡ óä½› <Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆ǰƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Q®`ÇO…Õ<Í
K³„沆ò
Ç O_•#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " would /could /might + I form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. She told me that she would study in the university next year.
2. He told us that he could achieve his target.
3. They said that they might win the game.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Q®`OÇ …Õ<Í
K³„²æ†ÇòO_È°`Ç#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 'that' - clause …Õ 'would not / could not
/ might not + I form of the Verb " L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. He told me that he would not join the course.
2. She told us that she could not pass the test.
3. They said that they might not receive the orders.
3. QUESTION FORM :
ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQ®ê<Í „
ã t
¬ ßOz
†ÇòO_È°@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 " would/could + I form of the verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. He asked me if I would continue my studies.
2. She asked us if we could secure good marks.
3. They asked if they might stay there.

429
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

881. Precede preceded preceded =òO^ΰ䛽‡é=ô@


882. Prefix prefixed prefixed =òO^ΰKÍ~¡°ó@
883. Prosper prospered prospered Ja•=$kœKO³ ^ΰ@
884. Pucker puckered puckered 䛽K³óˆ×ǟ@°“@
885. Punish punished punished tH÷ÆOKÇ°@
886. Pursue pursued pursued "³O|_•OKÇ°
887. Puzzle puzzled puzzled H›•=~¡Ì„@°“@
888. Quaff quaffed quaffed Jk•H›=òQê `ã ŒQ®°@
889. Quell quelled quelled J}KÇ°@
890. Quicken quickened quickened "ÍQ®=òQê H›^Ε°@
891. Ransack ransacked ransacked =ü•#"³^ÎH÷KǶKÇ°@
892. Rebuke rebuked rebuked u@°“@
893. Reciprocate reciprocated reciprocated Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°@
894. Recollect recollected recollected *ìý„¬H›=ò `³KÇ°óH›ù#°@
895. Refine refined refined ‰×ÃkœK͆Çò@
896. Reflect reflected reflected ㄬu„¦¬eOKÇ°@
897. Refrain refrained refrained …çOy†ÇòO_È°@
898. Refresh refreshed refreshed L`Œ•‚¬ì„¬~K ¡ °Ç @
899. Refund refunded refunded uiyWKÇ°ó@
900. Regain regained regained =°~¡•‡ÚO^ΰ@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
430 A prophet is not honoured in his own country.
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POSITIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹# ² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
"Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx Q®`ÇO…Õ „¬îië KÍ‹² †ÇòO^ΰ=ò. P
„¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È°@#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ K³„²æ†ÇòO^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß <Œ HË‹¬O wait K͉§#x K³‡•æ_È°.
J P"³° last week bank test H÷ appear J~ò<Œ#x <Œä›½ K³„²æOk.
J =¶ cousin last year M.B.A. seat H÷ apply K͉§#x <Œä›½ K³‡•æ_È°.
J "Œ~¡° tickets book KÍ‹°¬ Hù<Œß=°x =¶`Ë K³‡•æ~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ `Œ=ò „¬îië KÍ‹#² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°.


"³ò^Î\÷ ^¥x…Õ Verb Past Tense LO_È°#°.
ï~O_È= clause …Õ that J#° conjucntion =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. x#ß „¬sH›Æ „¦ÔA K³eÁOKŒ#x =¶ friend 5. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ Ì„^Îí #+¬“O
<Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°. Z^ΰ~ùøx<Œ=°x "Œ~¡° <Œä›½ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
My friend told me that he had paid They told me that they had faced a
the examination fees yesterday. heavy loss in the business last year.
2. ‡é~ò# <³• Nellore …Õ XH› interview H÷ 6. ~Œã+¬“ ‹¬=°‹¬¼•° ㄬ^•¥x`Ë KÇióOKŒ#x
‚¬ð[~¡° J~ò<Œ#x =¶ cousin <Œä›½ =òY¼=°Oãu x#ß JÌ‹OcÁ…Õ ã„¬H›\÷OKŒ~¡°.
K³„²æ<Œ_È°. The Chief-Minister announced in the
My cousin told me that he had assembly yesterday that he had
appeared for an interview in Nellore discussed the state problems with the
last month. Prime Minister.
3. x#ß function ä› ½ ~¡ ¶ . 10000 7. Q®`Ç ‹¬O`Ç•~¡O `Ç=° college #°Oz 400
Y~¡°óKÍ‹²<Œ=°x "Œ~¡° `³e„²<Œ~¡°. =°Ok q^¥¼~¡ ° œ • ° „¬ s H› Æ ä › ½ ‚¬ ð [~¡ °
They said that they had spent J~ò<Œ~¡x Principal K³‡•æ~°¡ .
Rs. 10000 for the function yesterday. The Principal said that 400 students
4. Q®`Ç "Í‹¬q…Õ Delhi visit KÍ‹²<Œ=°x "Œ~¡° had appeared for the examination from
`³e„²<Œ~¡°. their college last year.
They said that they had visited Delhi
last summer.

431
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8. Last year XH› private college …Õ junior EXERCISE

lecturer Qê work K͉§#x J`Ç_È° <Œä›½ D "ŒH›D


¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
K³‡•æ_°È . K͆°Ç O_•.
He told me that he had worked in a 1. x#ß doctor #° consult J~ò<Œ#x P"³°
K³„²æ#k.
private junior college as junior lecturer
2. Last Sunday Hyderabad …Õ XH› seminar
last year.
…Õ ‡•…ç¾#ß@°Á =¶ cousin <Œä›½ K³‡•æ_°È .
9. x#ß bank #°O_• ~¡°. 10000 draw 3. `Œ#° <Í~O¡ KÍ‹# ² @°ÁQê <Í~‹ ¡ °¬ _
ë °È x#ß court
KÍ ‰ §#x =¶ brother <Œä› ½ inform …Õ JOwH›iOKŒ_È°.
KÍ‹²<Œ_È°. 4. Q®`Ç ‹¬O`Ç•~¡O `Ç=° college q^¥¼~¡°•Ö ° state
My brother informed me that he had rank •° ª•k•Oz<Œ~¡x Vignan College
withdrawn Rs. 10,000 from the bank Director N~¡`† ëÇ °Ç ¼ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
yesterday. 5. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ~ï `á °Ç •ä›½ `Œ=ò ‹¬°=¶~¡°
2 crores loans sanction KÍ‹< ² Œ=°x SBI
10. Last month P house vacate K͉§=°x Bank manager x#ß XH› ã „ ¬ H › @ #…Õ
"Œ~¡° <Œä›½ K³‡•æ~°¡ . `³e‡•~¡°.
They told me that they had vacated 6. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Irfan Pathan KŒ…ì ƒìQê
that house last month. bowl KÍ ‰ §_È x coach KŒÌ „ …˜

11. x#ß exam. ƒìQê ã"Œ‹²<Œ#x =¶ sister


"³°KÇ°ó䛽<Œß~¡°.
<Œä›½ K³„²æ#k. 7. ~ï O_È° ‹¬O=`Ç•~Œ• Hã `÷ OÇ `Œ=ò P house
Hùx#@°ÁQê "Œ~¡° <Œä›½ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
My sister told me that she had written
8. x#ß test …Õ Jxß questions answer
the exam. well yesterday.
KÍ‹²<Œ#x =¶ brother K³‡•æ_°È .
12. ‹¬°<Œq° ㄬ=¶^ÎO…Õ ã„¬Hê‰×O l…ìÁ…Õ 120 9. Q®`OÇ …Õ `Ç=° „ ã ƒ ¬ •’°`ÇÞO „ À ^Î „ ã [¬ •ä›½ KŒ…ì
=°Ok KÇx‡é~ò<Œ~¡x H›…Hÿ ~“› Ÿ K³‡•æ~°¡ . ‹À =KÍ‹O² ^Îx N KÇO^ 㠃Πì|° x#ß XH› ‹¬ƒ•’…Õ
The Collector said that 120 persons K³‡•æ~°¡ .
had dead in the Tsunami calamity in 10. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O ~ŒRO…Õ tourism
development 䛽 ~¡°. 75 crores Y~¡°ó
Prakasam District.
KÍ‹²#@°Á tourism ‰§Mì=°Oãu N=°u
w`Œï~_•Û K³‡•æ~°¡ .

Z
He who knows of his own child is a wise father. 432
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iz
"Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P„¬xx Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È=ò. P„¬xx
KÍ‹²†ÇòO_ÈH›‡é=ô@#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ K³„²æ†ÇòO^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß <Œ HË‹¬O wait K͆ǰ…è^Îx K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
J P"³° last week bank test H÷ appear Hê…è^Îx <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k.
J =¶ cusion last year M.B.A. seat H÷ donation pay K͆°Ç …è^xÎ <Œä›½ K³‡•æ_È°.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß tickets book K͆°Ç …è^xÎ =¶`Ë K³‡•æ~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ K͆ǰx „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ `Œ=ò K͆°Ç x XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had not + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

Note :
D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=°•° LO_È°#°.
"³ò^Î\÷^¥x…Õ Verb Past Tense …Õ LO_È°#°. ï~O_È= clause …Õ that J#° Conjunction
EXAMPLES
1. J`Ç_È° x#ß English class 䛽 ‚¬ð[~¡° 5. Q®`Ç <³• WO\÷ J^³í K³eÁOKÇ…è^Îx "Œ~¡°
Hê…è^Îx <Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°. K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
He told me that he had not attended They said that they had not paid
the English class yesterday. house rent last month.
2. Q®`Ç ‹¬O`Ç•~¡O „¬sH›•Æ 䛽 ‚¬ð[~¡° Hê…è^x
Î 6. J`Ç_È° U `Ç„¬C K͆ǰ…è^Îx ㄬ=¶}=ò
P"³° K³„²æ#k. KÍ‹²<Œ_È°.
She told me that she had not He swore that he had not committed
appeared for the examinations last any mistake.
year. 7. x#ß g°\÷OQ·…Õ r`ÇO q+¬†Ç°O KÇióOKÇ
3. x#ß function H÷ P"³° "Œix P‚¬ðÞxOKÇ …è^Îx †Çüx†Ç°<£ <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
…è^Îx "Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. The union leaders said that they had
They said that she had not invited not discussed the salary matter in the
them to the function yesterday. meeting yesterday.
4. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O lecturers syllabus „¬îië 8. N KÇOã^΃ì|° ï~á`Ç°•ä›½ Ug° K͆ǰ…è^Îx
K͆ǰ…è^Îx q^¥¼~¡°œ•° Principal H÷ report HêOãïQ‹¹ <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° q=°iÅOz<Œ~¡°.
KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°. The Congress leaders criticised that
The students reported the Principal
that the lecturers had not completed Sri Chandrababu had not done any
the syllabus last year. thing for the welfare of the farmers.

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9. Last week native place H÷ "³ˆ×¤ …è^Îx EXERCISE


J`Ç_È° K³„²æ<Œ_È°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
He said that he had not gone to his
K͆°Ç O_•.
native palce last week. 1. x#ß duty H÷ attend Hê…è^Îx J`Ç_È° <Œä›½
10. Last year annual day celebrate
K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
K͆ǰ…è^Îx students K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. 2. Last week doctor x consult Hê…è^x
Î P"³°
The students said that they had not
K³„²æ#k.
celebrated the annual day last year. 3. x#ß "Œ~¡° JH›ø_È work „¬îië K͆ǰ…è^Îx
11. x#ß exam ƒìQê ã"Œ†Ç°…è^Îx P"³° <Œä›½ J`Ç_È° K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
K³„¬²æ#k. 4. Last year hostel …Õ stay K͆°Ç …è^x
Î P"³°
She told me that she had not written K³„²æ#k.
the exam well yesterday.
5. Last month salary draw K͆ǰ…è^Îx
12. x#ß party …Õ P"³° ‹¬iQê treat K͆°Ç …è^x
Î J`Ç_È° <Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
"Œ~¡° P"³°#° xOkOz<Œ~¡°.
6. x#ß manager `Ç # ä› ½ leave grant
They blamed her that she had not KÍ † Ç ° …è ^ Î x =¶ friend <Œä› ½ inform
treated them well in the party KÍ‹²<Œ_È°.
yesterday.
7. x#ß interview ‹¬iQê K͆ǰ…è^Îx J`Ç_È°
13. Last time exam H÷ ‹¬ i Qê prepare <Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
J=…è^Îx P"³° K³„²æ#k.
8. HêOãïQ‹¹ <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° N „².q. x ‹¬iQê
She said that she had not prepared QÒ~¡ q OKÇ … è ^ Î x N KÇ O ã ^ Î ƒ ì|°
well for the exams last time. q=°iÅOKŒ~¡°.
14. Last time `Œ=ò water problem face 9. `Œ#° Z=i=^Îí •OKÇO f‹¬°HË…è^Îx P
K͆ǰ…è^Îx "Œ~¡° K³„²æ<Œ~¡°. L^˼y ACB Jk•Hê~¡°•ä›½ K³‡•æ_°È .
They said that they had not faced the 10. Computer course WOHê „¬îië K͆°Ç …è^x
Î
water problem last time. P"³° <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k.
15. `Œ=ò WO`Ç=~¡ä›½ q"ÍHê#O^Î =O\÷ Qù„¬æ
=øH÷ëx KǶ_È…è^Îx Americans K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
The Americans said that they had not
seen such a great person like
Vivekananda sofar. Z
Impossible is the word only found in the dictionary of fools. 434
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QUESTION FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹#
² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
"Í~ùH›ix ㄬtßOz#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
D „¬x Q®`ÇO…Õ „¬îië KÍ‹²†ÇòO^ΰ=ò. D „¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È°@#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•#°
ㄬtßOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J x#ß <ŒHË‹¬O wait K͉§~Œ Jx J`Ç_°È =°=òà•#° J_•Qê_È°.
J last week bank test H÷ appear J~ò<Œ"Œ Jx <Í#° P"³°#° J_•Qê#°.
J Last year M.B.A. seat H÷ donation pay K͉§"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶ cousin x J_•Qê#°.
J "Œ~¡° x#ß x#°ß H›eª•~Œ Jx <Í#° J`Çxx J_•Qê#°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›ix ㄬtßOKÇ°@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›ix
ㄬtßOKÇ°@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had+ III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°.


"³ò^Î\÷ ^¥x…Õ Verb Past Tense …Õ LO_È°#°. ï~O_È= clause …Õ 'if' J#° conjunc
tion =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. h=ô last time B.S.R.B. test 䛽 apply 5. _¨H›“~Ÿ#° consult J~ò<Œ"Œ Jx <Í#°
KÍ‹<
² Œ"Œ Jx <Í#° J`Çxx J_•y<Œ#°. J`Çxx J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked him if he had applied for the I asked him if he had consulted the
B.S.R.B. test last time. doctor.
2. WO`Ç䛽 =òO^ΰ U^³á<Œ company …Õ 6. „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ ƒìQê prepare J~ò<Œ"Œ Jx
„¬xKÍ‹<² Œ"Œ Jx "Œ~¡° ##°ß J_•y<Œ~¡°. x#ß =¶ English lecturer ##°ß J_•y<Œ~¡°.
They asked me if I had worked in any My English Lecturer asked me
company previously. yesterday if I had prepared well for the
3. x#ß „¬sH›Æ „¦ÔA K³eÁOz<Œ"Œ J#x J`Ç_È° examinations.
##°ß J_•y<Œ_È°. 7. H›O„¬î¼@~Ÿ HË~¡°• „¬îië KÍ‹<
² Œ"Œ Jx =¶
He asked me if I had paid the uncle ##°ß J_•y<Œ~¡°.
examination fee yesterday. My uncle asked me if I had completed
4. Last summer …Õ g° Ì ‹ •=ô•° g°~¡° the computer course.
Madras …Õ Q® _ •„² < Œ~Œ Jx "Œ~¡ ° 8. x#ß Zø_•H÷ "³ o ¤ < Œ~¡ x <Í # ° "Œix
=°=òà•#° J_•y<Œ~¡°. J_•y<Œ#°.
They asked us if we had spent our I asked them where they had gone
holidays in Madras last summer. yesterday.

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9. P job ZO^ΰ䛽 =^Îe "Í‹<


² Œ=x =¶ uncle EXERCISE
##°ß J_•Qê~¡°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
My uncle asked me why I had left
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
that job. K͆°Ç O_•.
1. x#ß orders JO^ΰ䛽<Œß"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶
10. P watch ZH›ø_È Hù<Œß=x P"³° ##°ß friend x J_•Qê#°.
J_•y#k. 2. Last week function H÷ JO^Îix invite
She asked me where I had bought K͉§"Œ Jx "Í°=ò J"³°#° J_•Qê=ò.
that watch. 3. x#ß T.V. …Õ match KǶ‰§"Œ Jx J`Ç_È°
11. h=ô JH›ø_È Z=ix ‹¬O„
ã k
¬ Oz<Œ=x <Í#° ##°ß J_•Qê_È°.
J`Çxx J_•y<Œ#°. 4. Last year M.B.A. seat H÷ donation pay
I asked him whom he had consulted K͉§"Œ Jx =¶ uncle ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
there. 5. x#ß Hindu paper …Õ advertisement
12. x#ß interview Z…ì KÍ ‹ ² < Œ=x <Í # ° KǶ‰§"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶ friend x J_•Qê#°.
P"³°#° J_•y<Œ#°. 6. Last Sunday exam ƒìQê ã"Œ‰§"Œ Jx
<Í#° =¶ brother x J_•Qê#°.
I asked her how she had done the
7. x#ß meeting …Õ g°~¡° salary q+¬†Ç°O
interview yesterday.
discuss KÍ ‰ §~Œ Jx "Í ° =ò "Œix
13. D W•°Á Z„¬C_È° Hù<Œß~x
¡ "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê=ò.
J_•y<Œ~¡°. 8. degree Z„¬C_È° „¬îië K͉§=x "Œ~¡° ##°ß
They asked us when we had bought J_•Qê~¡°.
this house. 9. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Z=~¡° ïQeKŒ~¡x <Í#°
14. x#ß test 䛽 ZO`Ç=°Ok Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö ° ‚¬ð[~¡° J`Çxx J_•Qê#°.
J~ò<Œ~¡x "Í°=ò J`Çxx J_•y<Œ=ò. 10. x#ß Delhi …Õ P.M. `Ë Uq° KÇióOKŒ~¡x
We asked him howmany candidates q…èH~› °¡ •° =òY¼=°Oãux J_•Qê~¡°.
had attended the test yesterday. 11. sudden Qê P programme ZO^ΰ䛽 ~¡^ΰí
15. x#ß function H÷ ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó KÍ‹²<Œ~¡x K͉§~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•Qê=ò.
J`Ç_°È =°=òà•#° J_•y<Œ_È°. 12. x#ß P ‡•s“ H ÷ ZO`Ç = °Ok ‚¬ ì ð[~¡ °
J~ò<Œ~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•Qê=ò.
He asked us howmuch amount we
13. Last time F@° Z=iH÷ "͉§~¡x <Í#° P
had spent for the function yesterday.
Qã ê=°‹¬°•ë #° J_•Qê#°.
16. sudden Qê P W•°Á ZO^Î ° ä› ½ Mìm 14. x#ß J`ÇxH÷ ZO`Ç pay K͉§~¡x "Œ~¡°
KÍ‹<
² Œ~¡x <Í#° "Œix J_•y<Œ#°. =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
I asked them why they had vacated 15. x#ß exam …Õ Zxß questions answer
that house suddenly. K͉§=x =¶ brother ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
Z
Throw a lucky man into the sea and he will come up with a fish in his mouth. 436
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=°#=ò D ~ËA Uq° <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò ?

D~ËA =°#=ò =°# Spoken English Course …Õ 'Reported Speech' J#° topic
…Õ Past Action Q®°iOz <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. nx…Õ =°#=ò 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form J#° 3 parts <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß=ò. D 3 parts XH›ª•i revise
KÍ‹¬°ä›½O^¥=ò.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Q®`ÇO…Õ<Í K³„²æ
†ÇòO_•#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 that - clause …Õ " had + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. He told me that he had done well in the interview.
2. He told me that he had written the test well.
3. They said that they had paid the bill.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° K͆ǰx XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Q®`ÇO…Õ<Í K³„²æ
†ÇòO_•#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽 that - clause …Õ " had not + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. I told him that I had not attended the party.
2. We told them that we had not finished the work.
3. They said that they had not received the message.
3. QUESTION FORM :
Q®`ÇO…Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~¡° „¬îië KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz Q®`ÇO…Õ<Í
ã „ ¬ t ß O z †Ç ò O_È ° @#° ‹¬ ¶ zOKÇ ° @ä› ½ " had + III form of the Verb "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Ex :
1. I asked him if he had completed the course.
2. We asked them if they had paid the bill.
3. They asked us if we had known the news.

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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.


I Form II Form III Form Meaning

901. Abduct abducted abducted |•`Œø~¡=òQê


f‹¬°Hùx‡é=ô@
902. Abstain abstained abstained =¶#°Hù#°@
903. Analyse analysed analysed qƒ•’lOKÇ°@
904. Arouse aroused aroused ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°@
905. Authorize authorized authorized Jk•Hê~¡"ò ³ ‹¬Q°® @
906. Avert averted averted x"ŒiOKÇ°@
907. Batter battered battered fã==òQê Hù@°“@
908. Beckon beckoned beckoned Ì‹áQ®K͆Çò@
909. Beg begged begged †Ç¶zOKÇ°@
910. Bestow bestowed bestowed WKÇ°ó@
911. Betroth betrothed betrothed q"Œ‚¬ì=ò x‰×ó~òOKÇ°@
912. Bloat bloated bloated L|°Ä@, "Œ†Çò@
913. Bustle bustled bustled Q®_Èa_ÈK͆Çò@
914. Cachinate cachinated cachinated J@“‚¬ð‹¬=òQê #=ôÞ@
915. Carouse caroused caroused qO^ΰ…Õ =°^μ=ò
„¬ôKÇ°óH›ù#°@
916. Clamber clambered clambered H›+¬“=òQê Ì„áH÷ Z䛽ø@
917. Clutter cluttered cluttered zO^Î~¡=O^Î~¡ K͆Çò@
918. Condole condoled condoled qKŒ~¡=ò `³•°„¬ô@
919. Cringe cringed cringed ƒ•’†°Ç =ò`Ë =Oy†ÇòO_È°
920. Daub daubed daubed „¬î†Çò@, J•°ä›½@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
438 When all else is lost, the future still remains.
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IMPERATIVE - POSITIVE FORM


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›ix XH› „¬x K͆ǰ=°x request KÍ‹¬°Hù#°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò,
P*ìý„²OKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò …èH› ‹¬•‚¬ð WKÇ°óKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô leave grant K͆ǰ=°x <Í#° manager x request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß#°.
J Room clean K͆ǰ=°x P"³° „¬x=°x+²x P*ìý„²OzOk.
J =°Oz "Œi`Ë À‹ß‚¬ìO K͆ǰ=°x =¶ father <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
J Sincere Qê work K͆ǰ=°x Collector teachers x HË~Œ~¡°.

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° XH›ix request, order, advise K͆Çò „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =°x XH›~°¡ "Í~ùH›ix request KÍ‹¬°Hù#ß@°ÁQê, order KÍ‹²#@°ÁQê …èH›
‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó#@°ÁQê, ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"To-infinitive" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

Note :
"ŒH›¼=ò J~¡=œ ò#° |\÷“ main verb 'requested' Qêx, 'ordered' Qêx, 'advised' Qêx =KÇ°ó#°.
To `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Verb I form =zó# Jk To-infinitive JQ®°#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä›½ D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO K͆°Ç =°x 5. „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ ƒìQê hard work K͆ǰ=°x =¶
<Í#° =¶ friend x request KÍ‹°¬ Hùx<Œ#°. lecturers =¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
I requested my friend to help me in Our lecturers advised us to work hard
this matter. for the examinations.
2. English literature KÇ^ΰ==°x <Í#° =¶ 6. "³O@<Í P W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ=°x P house
brother H÷ ‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó<Œ#°. owner "Œix P*ìý„²OKŒ_È°.
I advised my brother to study English The house owner ordered them to
literature. vacate the house immediately.
3. Urgent files Jhß "Œ~¡O ~ËA•…Õ clear
KÍ † Ç ° =°x =¶ manager staff #° 7. English Grammar thorough Qê
P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°. <Í~¡°óHË=°x =¶ English lecturer =¶H›
The manager ordered the staff to ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
clear all the urgent files within a week. Our English lecturer advised us to
4. <Œä›½ XH› "Œ~¡O ~ËA•° leave grant learn English Grammar thoroughly.
K͆ǰ=°x <Í#° Manager x request 8. <Œ`Ë Chennai =~¡ä½› `Ë_È°Qê ~¡=°àx <Í#°
KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß#°. =¶ friend x request KÍ‹²<Œ#°.
I requested the Manager to grant me I requested my friend to accompany
leave for one week. me to Chennai.

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9. „¬îië restf‹¬°HË=°x doctor P"³°ä›½ EXERCISE


advise KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
The doctor advised her to take
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
complete rest.
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. =¶ doubts clarify K͆ǰ=°x "Í°=ò =¶
10. ª•ä›Æ½•#° court …Õ ‚¬ð[~¡°„¬~¡KÇ=°x English lecturer x request
KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò.
judge ‡éb‹¬°•#° P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°.
The judge ordered the police to 2. Cheif guest Qê meeting H÷ attend
present the witness in the court. J==°x "Í°=ò collector x request
KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß=ò.
11. T.C. issueK͆ǰ=°x <Í#° Principal #°
request KÍ‹²<Œ#°. 3. `Ç=° party H÷ vote "͆ǰ=°x N=°u
I requested the Principal to issue me
ªéx†Ç¶ QêOn• „ ã [¬ •#° q[ý„ë² K͉§~¡°.
my T.C. 4. `Ç=° ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° „¬i+¬øiOKÇ=°x "Œ~¡°
=°OãuH÷ q[ý„²ë K͉§~¡°.
12. Time, money ‡Ú^ΰ„¬ô K͆ǰ=°x =¶
uncle <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°. 5. Class rooms …Õ =°Oz discipline
My uncle advised me to save time and ‡•\÷OKÇ=°x Head master students #°
money.
P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.

13. D case #° „¬îiëQê enquire K͆ǰ=°x 6. Rooms Jxß clean K͆ǰ=°x P"³° „¬x
=°x+²x P*ìý„²Oz#k.
magistrate police •#° P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°.
The magistrate ordered the police to 7. Group-2 „¬sH›Æ䛽 prepare J==°x <Í#°
make an enquiry in that case. =¶ brother H÷ advise KÍ‹²<Œ#°.
14. Loan sanctionK͆ǰ=°x J`Ç_È° Bank 8. XH› "Œ~¡O ~ËA•° leave grant K͆ǰ=°x
Manager #° request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß~¡°.
<Í#° Manager x request KÍ‹²<Œ#°.
He requested the Bank Manager to 9. "³O@<Í J`Çx„
Ì á KÇ~¼¡ f‹¬°HË=°x collector
sanction him the loan. ‡éb‹¬°"Œix P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°.
15. MCA join J==°x =¶ uncle <Œä› ½ 10. U^³á<Œ city …Õ settle J==°x "Œ~¡° <Œä›½
advise KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°. ‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó<Œ~¡°.
My uncle advised me to join MCA.

Z
There is no great genius without a mixture of madness. 440
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›ix XH› „¬x K͆ǰ=^Îíx request KÍ‹¬°Hù#°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò,
P*ìý„²OKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò …èH› ‹¬•‚¬ð WKÇ°ó KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J D q+¬†Ç°O Z=iH© K³„¬æ=^Îíx "Œ~¡° ##°ß request K͉§~¡°.
J Manager work neglect K͆ǰ=^Îíx staff x P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.
J J„¬C K͆ǰ=^Îíx =¶ father <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
J =°=òà•#° disturb K͆ǰ=^Îíx "Í°=ò J`Çxx request KÍ‹¬°Hùx<Œ=ò.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› „¬xx K͆ǰ=^Îíx XH›~¡° WOHùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =^Îxí XH›~°¡ "Í~ùH›ix request KÍ‹¬°Hù#ß@°ÁQê, order KÍ‹²#@°ÁQê
…èH› ‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Not + to-infinitive" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

Note :
"ŒH›¼=ò J~¡œ=ò#° |\÷“ Main Verb 'requested' Qêx 'advised' Qêx 'ordered' Qêx
=KÇ°ó#°. To `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Verb I form =zó# Jk 'to-infinitive' JQ®°#°.

EXAMPLES
1. HêÁ‹¬°•° miss Hê=^Îíx =¶ lecturers 5. ~Œ[H©†Ç°=ò•…ÕxH÷ ㄬ"ÍtO„¬=^Îíx <Œ
=°=òà•#° HËi<Œ~¡°. À‹ß‚²ì`Ç°•° <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó<Œ~¡°.
Our lecturers asked us not to miss the My friends advised me not to enter
classes. into politics.
2. Time waste K͆ǰ=^Îíx =¶ father <Œä›½ 6. =¶ q+¬†Ç°O…Õ *ÕH›¼O KÍ‹¬°Hù#=^Îíx
advise KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°. <Í#° J`Çxx Ì‚ìKÇóiOz<Œ#°.
My father advised me not to waste I warned him not to interefere in our
time. matter.
3. Office 䛽 P•‹¬¼OQê ~Œ=^Îíx manager 7. =¶Oª•‚¬ð~¡ „¬^¥~¡=
œ ò•° u#=^Îx
í _¨H›~“ Ÿ
staff #° P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°. <Œä›½ ‹¬¶zOKŒ~¡°.
The manager ordered the staff The doctor advised me not to take
members not to come late to the office. non-vegetarian items.
4. „¬ x delay KÍ † Ç ° =^Î í x <Í # ° J`Ç x x 8. „¬sH›Æ ‚¬ð•°…Õ Hê„Ô K͆ǰ=^Îíx Prinicipal
request KÍ‹¬°Hùx<Œ#°. q^¥¼~¡°œ•#° Ì‚ìKÇóiOz<Œ~¡°.
I requested him not to delay the work. The Principal warned the students not
to copy in the examination hall.

441
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9. K³_È° À‹ß‚¬ìO K͆ǰ=^Îíx =¶ mother <Œä›½ EXERCISE


‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
My mother advised me not to make bad D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
friends.
K͆°Ç`ÇO_•.
1. ##° disturb K͆ǰ=^Îíx J`Ç_È° `Ç#
10. W`Ç~°¡ •#° q=°iÅOKÇ=^Îx
í =¶ uncle <Œä›½
‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°. friends x request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß_È°.
My uncle advised me not to criticise
others. 2. Hã ù`Çë „¬#°ß•° qk•OKÇ=^Îx
í H›=ü¼x‹¬°“ ‡•s“
11. HêÁ‹°¬ ~¡¶=ò•…Õ J•Ái K͆°Ç =^Îx
í teacher <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° PiœH› =°Oãux HË~Œ~¡°.
"Œix P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.
The teacher ordered them not to make
a noise in the class rooms. 3. ‹¬=¶^•¥#=ò•° H›O~”‹ ¡ OÖ¬ K͆°Ç =^Îx
í =¶
12. Guides follow J==^Îíx =¶ teachers teachers =¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
=¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
Our teachers advised us not to follow 4. Helmet ^•ÎiOKÇ䛽O_¨ "Œ‚¬ì#=ò•#°
guides. #_È„¬=^Îíx S.P. ㄬ[•#° HË~Œ~¡°.
13. W|ÄOk Ì„@“=^Îíx J`Ç_È° "Œix request
KÍ‹²<Œ_È°.
He requested them not to trouble him. 5. „¬sH›Æ•° postponeK͆ǰ=^Îíx q^¥¼~¡°œ•°
14. J|^Î œ O K³ „ ¬ æ = ^Î í x Inspector J`Ç x x University registrar #° request K͉§~¡°.
P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.
The Inspector ordered him not to tell 6. ‹ÔÞ@° „¬^¥~¡=
œ ò•° u#=^Îx
í doctor J`ÇxH÷
lies. advise K͉§~¡°.
15. D q+¬†Ç°O Z=iH© K³„¬æ=^Îíx J`Ç_È° ##°ß
request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß_È°.
He requested me not to tell this matter
7. Working hours …Õ |†Ç°@䛽 "³ˆ×¤=^Îíx
to anyone. Principal q^¥¼~¡°œ•#° P^ÍtOKŒ~¡°.
16. Z@°=O\÷ =^Î O `Ç ° •° #=°à=^Î í x
‡éb‹¬°"Œ~¡° ㄬ[•#° HË~Œ~¡°. 8. T.V. …Õ late night movies KǶ_È=^Îx
í <Í#°
The police asked the public not to =¶ brother x Ì‚ìKÇóiOKŒ#°.
believe any rumours.
17. `Ç#Ì„á Z@°=O\÷ KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°HË=^Îíx P†Ç°# 9. „¬iKdžǰ=ò …èx "Œix #=°à=^Îíx "Œ~¡°
‡•s“ J^•Î¼ä½Æ › x request K͉§~¡°. ##°ß Ì‚ìKÇóiOKŒ~¡°.
He requested the party President not
to take any action against him.
18. BC q^¥¼~¡°œ• #°Oz donations =‹¬¶•° 10. K³_È° „¬ô‹¬ëHê•° KÇ^ΰ==^Îíx =¶ father
K͆ǰ=^Îíx University private college <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
"Œix P^ÍtOzOk.
The University ordered the private
colleges not to collect donations from
the BC students.
Z
Hands that work are more precious than lips that pray. 442
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ABOUT TO - PRESENT
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH›~°¡ „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô
‹¬O‹²^Îœ`Ç#° (readiness) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#=ò XH› „¬x K͆Çò@䛽 ‹²^Îœ=òQê
L<Œß=ò. P „¬xx HùkíÀ‹„¬\÷…Õ<Ë, Hùkí ~ËA•…Õ<Ë K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò Jx J~¡Ö=ò.
J <Í#° W„¬C_È° lunch f‹¬°H˃Õ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
J "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° railway station H÷ |†Ç°•° ^Í~¡ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò.
J J`Ç_È° Hùkí ~ËA…ÕÁ foreign "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ô KÇ°<Œß_È°.
J "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ =°# town …Õ branch open K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ß „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq
D q^•ÎOQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#O =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ, Q®O@•…Õ …èH› ~ËA•…Õ
=°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are + about to + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject, I, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'am about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'is about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
We, You, They, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'are about to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° W„¬C_È° college H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°. 6. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ J"³°iHê "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
I am about to go to college now. They are about to leave for America
2. "Í°=ò WH›ø_È `ÇÞ~¡…Õ business start soon.
K͆ǰƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò. 7. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ chief guest WH›ø_•H÷
We are about to start business here ~ŒƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
soon. The chief guest is about to come here
in a few minutes.
3. Krishna Express =°iHùkí À ‹ „¬ \ ÷ … Õ
8. "Í°=ò XH› <³• ~ËA•…Õ new house
platform g°kH÷ ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk. …ÕxH÷ shift J=ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò.
The Krishna Express is about to arrive We are about to shift to the new house
at the platform in a while. in a month.
4. =¶ father ï ~ O_È ° <³ • •…Õ transfer 9. WOHùH› S^Î ° xq°‘••…Õ "Œ~¡ °
J=ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°. programme ‡
ã •~¡Oa•OKǃÕ`Ç°<Œß~°¡ .
My father is about to get a transfer in They are about to commence the
a two months. programme in a five minutes.
5. P"³° =°iHùkí ~ËA•…Õ computer course 10. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ WH›ø_È new showroom open
„¬îië K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk. K͆ǰƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
They are about to open a new
She is about to complete the
showroom here soon.
computer course in a few days.
443
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11. WOHùkí xq°‘••…Õ train |†Ç ° •°^Í ~ ¡ EXERCISE


ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
The train is about to depart in a few "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
minests.
1.K͆°<Í
Ç O_•.
# ° D~ËA Manager #° consult
12. XH› „¬k xq°‘••…Õ "Í°=ò dinner serve J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò.
We are about to serve dinner in a ten 2. "Í°=ò XH› S^ΰ xq°‘••…Õ =¶ TiH÷
minutes. |†Ç°•°^Í~¡ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò.
13. <Í#° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Civil Service exam H÷ appear 3. BSNL `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ STD K•Œsû•°
HêƒÕ`Ç°<Œß#°. `Çy¾OKǃÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
I am about to appear for the Civil
Service examination soon. 4. ~ŒR „ ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO `ÇÞ~¡…Õ DSC <Ë\÷„¦²öH+¬<£
14. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ India H÷ uiy ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~°¡ . *ìs K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
They are about to return to India soon. 5. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°H˃Õ
15. =¶ brother `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ bank officer `Ç°<Œß~¡°.
HêƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß_È°. 6. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒ È Õ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
My brother is about to become a bank
officer soon.
7. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Hyderabad …Õ XH› ‹¬O‹¬Ö#°
ª•Ö„O² KǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~°¡ .
16. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ JH›ø_È XH› shopping complex
xiàOKǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°. 8. <Í # ° ï ~ O_È ° , =ü_È ° ~ËA•…Õ bike
They are about to construct a Hù#ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
shopping complex there soon.
9. P†Ç°# ï~O_È°, =ü_È° <³••…Õ job H÷
17. ~ŒR „ ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO †Çò=`Ç HË‹¬O XH› „¬^HΊ O› resign K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
The state government is about to 10. =¶ uncle `ÇÞ~¡…Õ TDP …Õ KÍ~¡ƒÕ=ô
launch a special programme for the KÇ°<Œß~¡°.
youth soon.
11. [_•û =°iHùkí À‹„¬\÷…Õ f~¡°æ ㄬH›\÷OKÇ
18. P†Ç°# D~Ë*Õ, ö~‡é duty …Õ KÍ~¡ƒÕ=ô ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
KÇ°<Œß_È°.
He is about to join duty today or 12. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ show begin
tomorrow. J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
19. P†Ç°# `ÇÞ~¡…Õ `Ç# retirement x~¡â†Ç¶xß 13. HùOK³ O À ‹ „¬ \ ÕÁ "Œ~¡ ° shop close
ㄬH›\÷OKǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß_È°. K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
He is about to announce his retirement
decision soon.
14. WOHùH› ï ~ O_È ° xq°‘••…Õ |‹¬ ° •
H›^ΕƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
20. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P house Hù#ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
They are about to buy that house soon. 15. "Œ~¡ ° `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ P W•°Á Mìm
K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
Z
Nothing lasts forever not even your troubles. 444
, : 94406 16425

ABOUT TO -PAST
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH›~°¡ Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
XH› „¬xx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô ‹¬O‹²^Îœ`Ç#° (readiness) ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›
„¬x K͆òÇ @䛽 ‹²^OœÎ Qê LO_•<Œ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ office H÷ "³ˆ¤× ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° game start K͆°Ç ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò.
J J„¬C_È° =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒÈ Õ`Ç°O_•#k.
J "Œ~¡„¬C_Í programme ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKǃÕ`Ç°O_• <Œ~¡°.

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆òÇ @䛽 ‹²^OœÎ Qê †ÇòO_•# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Was/were+about to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject, I,He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Was about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
'We, You, They' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'were about to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ college H÷ 6. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° game start KÍ † Ç ° ƒÕ
|†Ç°•°^Í~ƒ¡ Õ`Ç°O_•<Œ#°. `Ç°O_•<Œ~¡°.
I was about to start for college at They were about to start the game
that time yesterday. then.
2. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° hall …ÕxH÷ enter 7. <Í#° J„¬C_È° speech deliver K͆ǰƒÕ
J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò. `Ç°O_•<Œ~¡°.
We were about to enter the hall I was about to deliver the speech
then. then.
3. J`Ç_È° P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# left side turn
8. Show J„¬C_Í begin J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k.
The show was about to begin then.
J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ_È°. 9. "Í°=ò J„¬C_Í lunch f‹¬°H˃Õ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò.
He was about to turn left side at that
We were about to take lunch then.
time.
10. P"³° J„¬C_Í WO\ÕÁ #°O_• |†Ç°@䛽
4. P"³° J„¬ôC_È° Ju^•Î°•ä›½ dinner serve ~ŒƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k.
K͆°Ç ƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k. She was about to come out of the
She was about to serve dinner to the house then.
guests then. 11. <Í # ° P ‹¬ = °†Ç ° O…Õ xã ^ Î ‡ éƒÕ=ô
5. Train J„¬C_Í H›^ΕƒÕ`Ç°#ßk. KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
The train was about to start then. I was about to go to sleep at that time.

445
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12. "Í ° =ò P‹¬ = °†Ç ° =ò…Õ train …ÕxH÷ EXERCISE


ZH›øƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ=ò. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We were about to get into the train at "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
that time. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
<Í # ° P time …Õ switch off
13. P"³° J„¬C_È° ãH÷O^Î „¬_ȃÕ~ò#k. K͆ǰƒÕ~ò<Œ#°.
She was about to fall down then. 2. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° tickets f‹¬ ° H˃Õ=ô
14. J`Ç _ È ° P time …Õ ~Ë_È ° Û ^¥@ƒÕ=ô KÇ°<Œß=ò.
KÇ°O_•<Œ_È°. 3. P"³° J„¬C_Í XH› ‡•@ ‡•_ȃÕ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
He was about to cross the road at that 4. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _Í train #°O_• kQ®ƒÕ=ô
time. KÇ°O_•<Œ_È°.
15. "Œ~¡° P time …Õ shop open K͆ǰƒÕ=ô 5. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_Í WO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
KÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°. 6. Pinakini Express J„¬C_Í q[†Ç°"Œ_ÈH÷
They were about to open the shop at
KÍ~ƒ¡ Õ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
that time.
7. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ S^ΰ xq°‘••…Õ „¬sH›Æ
16. <Í#° J„¬C_È° meeting …Õ =¶\ìÁ_ȃÕ=ô "³ò^Ε° „Ì @“ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
I was about to speak in the meeting
8. <Í#° J„¬C_Í ã"Œ†Ç°@O "³ò^Ε° Ì„@“ƒÕ=ô
then.
KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
9. "Í ° =ò P time …Õ chess P_È ƒ Õ=ô
17. "Í°=ò P ‹¬=°†Ç°O…Õ movie H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ô KÇ°O_•<Œ=ò.
KÇ°O_•<Œ=ò.
We were about to go to a movie at that 10. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _Í dias Ì „ á # J_È ° Q® °
time. Ì„@“ƒÕ~ò<Œ_È°.
18. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _È ° H› ^ Î ° •°`Ç ° #ß train #° 11. P"³° J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ school H÷
JO^ΰH˃Õ~ò<Œ_È°. "³ˆƒ
¤× Õ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
He was about to catch the moving train 12. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_Í maingate open K͆ǰƒÕ=ô
then. KÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
19. P moment …Õ bowler ball #° deliver 13. J„¬C_Í =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒ È Õ=ô KÇ°O_•#k.
K͆ǰƒÕ~ò<Œ_È°. 14. x#ß function …Õ Principal J„¬C_Í Annual
The bowler was about to deliver the Report KÇ^°Î =ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
ball at that moment.
15. <Í # ° J„¬ C _Í hall #°O_• |†Ç°\÷H÷
20. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° court P=~¡ } …ÕH÷ enter ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ=ô..
You were about to enter the court
premises then. Z
Habit, if not resisted, soon becomes necessity. 446
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HAD BETTER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH› x~¡† â °Ç =ò#䛽 =zó J…ì K͆ò
Ç @ =°Ozk
Jx W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶KÇ# K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#䛽 =°#=ò 䛕_¨ K³„¬CHù#°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô text book refer K͆ǰ_ÈO =°Ozk.
J g°~¡° test H÷ coaching f‹¬°HË=_ÈO =°Ozk.
J J`Ç_È° "³O@<Í doctor #° consult J=@O =°Ozk.
J "Œ~¡° D ~ËA WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOzK³„¬CKǶ J…ì K͆ǰ_ÈO "Í°•°, =°Ozk Jx
KÍ„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê =°#䛽 =°#=òQêx …èH› "Í~ùH›iH÷ Qêx XH› „¬xx K͆Çò@ Q®°iOz XH› ‹¬¶KÇ#Qê,
‹¬•‚¬ðQê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had better + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, plural U^³á##° 'Had better + I form' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°#=ò Madras H÷ train …Õ "³ˆ×¤_ÈO 6. "Œ~¡° D town …Õ settle J=@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. They had better settle down in this
We had better go to Madras by train. town
2. h=ô computer course join J=@O 7. =°#O `ÇÞ~¡…Õ D Hã ù`Çë WO\ÕÁH÷ shift J=@O
=°Ozk. =°Ozk.
You had better join the computer We had better shift to this new house
course. soon.
3. g°~¡° "³O@<Í P W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ_ÈO 8. g°~¡° "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O =òO^ΰQê
=°Ozk. inform K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
You had better vacate that house You had better inform them this matter
immediately. earlier.
4. J`Ç _ È ° "³ O @<Í P L^˼QêxH÷ resign 9. J`Ç_È° U^³á<Œ government job H÷ try
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
He had better resign to that job He had better try for a governemtn job.
immediately. 10. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê tickets book KÍ‹°¬ HË=@O
5. P"³° "³O@<Í specialist x consult J=@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. They had better book the tickets
She had better consult a specialist earlier.
immediately.
447
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EXERCISE
11. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies continue
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
You had better continue your studies K͆°Ç O_•.
this year.
1. h=ô bike Hù#°HËø=@O =°Ozk.
12. g°~¡° P loan `ÇÞ~¡Qê clear KÍ‹¬°HË=@O
=°Ozk. 2. g°~¡ ° D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O crop holiday
You had better clear that loan soon. ㄬH›\÷OKÇ@O =°Ozk.
13. =°#=ò D q+¬†Ç°O "Œi`Ë KÇióOKÇ@O 3. P†Ç°# WH› ~Œ[H©†Ç¶•#° =^Îe"͆ǰ@O
=°~zk. =°Ozk.
We had better discuss this matter with 4. P"³° Super Speciality Hospital …Õ zH÷`•Ç
them. ‡ÚO^Î@O =°Ozk.
14. P†Ç°# WH› „¬îië q㉧Ou f‹¬°HË=@O 5. "Œ~¡° WH› P "Œ¼‡•~¡O close K͆ǰ@O
=°Ozk. =°Ozk.
He had better take complete rest.
6. h=ô English Grammar <Í ~ ¡ ° ó H Ë=@O
15. P"³° WOHùH› "Œ~¡O hospital …Õ LO_È@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. 7. g°~¡ ° ‹¬ Þ O`Ç O Qê notes `Ç † Ç ¶ ~¡ °
She had better stay in the hospital one
KÍ‹¬°HË=@O =°Ozk.
more week.
8. J`Ç_È° WOHùH› job KǶ‹¬°HË=@O =°Ozk.
16. "Œ~¡° family U^³á<Œ XH› city H÷ shift
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. 9. P"³° hostel …Õ stay K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
They had better shift their family to a 10. "Œ~¡° WH› P old house Jq°à "͆ǰ@O
city. =°Ozk.
17. h=ô I-CET H÷ appear J=@O =°Ozk. 11. h=ô J`Çx`Ë friends K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
You had better appear for the I-CET.
12. g°~¡ ° bills Z„¬ æ \ ÷ H › „ ¬ C _È ° K³ e Á O KÇ @ O
18. g°~¡° D ~Ë*è "Í°<Í[~¡°#° ‹¬OㄬkOKÇ@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. 13. P†Ç°# <Œq°<Í+¬<£ withdraw K͆ǰ@O
You had better consult the manager
=°Ozk.
today itself.
14. P"³° U^³á<Œ computer course K͆ǰ@O
19. J`Ç_È° B.Ed K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. =°Ozk.
He had better do B.Ed.
15. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XH› x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°HË=@O
20. P"³° D proposal X„¬CHË=@O =°Ozk. =°Ozk.
She had better accept to this proposal.

Z
Enjoy your own life without comparing it with that of another. 448
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WOULD RATHER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ P ~ï O\÷…Õ "³ò^Î\„
÷ x
¬ H÷ Z䛽ø=
‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç WKÇ°#
ó @°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x~¡°^˼yQê <³á<Œ LO\ì#° Qêx •OKÇO Wzó L^˼Q®O ‡ÚO^Î#°.
J J`Ç_È° ‹¬=°‹¬¼…ÿá<Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ì_È° Hê#, Z=i ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡_È°.
J P"³° P "Œ¼k•`Ë ƒì^•³<á Œ „¬_°È `Ç°Ok Qêx, medicines =¶ã`ÇO f‹¬°HË^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° "Œ¼‡•~¡O J~ò<Œ =¶#°ä›½O\ì~¡° Qêx, H›bë ‹¬~°¡ 䛽 J=°à~°¡ .

Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õ =°#=ò ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç xKÇ°ó „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°<Œß=ò.
D q^•ÎOQê XH›~°¡ ~ï O_È° „¬#°• Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ P ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ XH› ^¥xH÷ Z䛽ø= ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç
WKÇ°ó@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would rather + I form of the Verb + than" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Would rather' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° fail J~ò<Œ J=ô`ŒQêx, copy =¶ã`OÇ They would rather starve than steal.
K͆ǰ#°. 6. <Í#° KÇx‡é`Œ#° Qêx, J|^ÎœO =¶ã`ÇO
I would rather fail in the exam than K³„¬æ#°.
copy. I would rather die than lie.
2. "Í°=ò ‹¬=°‹¬¼<³<
á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ìOQêx, J„¬C 7. "Í°=ò journey J~ò<Œ cancel LO\ì~¡°
=¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ=ò. Qêx P bus …Õ =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ~¡°.
We would rather face the problem We would rather cancel the journey
than borrow money. than travel by that bus.
3. P"³° [Þ~¡O`Ë ƒì^•Î J~ò<Œ „¬_°È `Ç°Ok 8. J`Ç_°È |
ã ‚¬ìàKŒiQê J~ò<Œ LO\ì_È° Qêx,
Qêx, P tonic f‹¬°HË^ΰ. P"³°x =¶ã`ÇO Ì„o¤ KÍ‹¬°HË_È°.
She would rather suffer from fever He would rather remain a bachelor
than take that tonic. than marry her.
4. J`Ç_È° job =^ΰ•°HùO\ì_È° Qêx, JOKÇO 9. P"³° studies J~ò<Œ =¶#°ä›½O@°Ok
=¶ã`ÇO f‹¬°HË_È°. Qêx, P college =¶ã`ÇO KÍ~¡^ΰ.
He would rather leave this job than 10. "Œ~¡° W|ÄOk#~ò<Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ì~¡° Qêx,
take bribe. W`Ç~¡°• ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O =¶ã`ÇO HË~¡~¡°.
5. "Œ~¡ ° „¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë J~ò# LO\ì~¡ ° Qêx, They would rather face the trouble
^ùOQ®`Ç#O =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ~¡°. than seek other's help.

449
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EXERCISE
11. <Í#° problem J~ò<Œ face Kͪ•ë Qêh,
J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O =¶ã`ÇO HË~¡#°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
I would rather face the problem than "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
seek his help. K͆°Ç O_•.
12. "Í°=ò J=Hê‰×"³°Ø<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ìO Hêh, 1. "Í°=ò P book HË‹¬O Zxß ~ËA…ÿá<Œ wait
hKÇ"³°Ø# „¬#°•° =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ=ò. Kͪ•ëO Qêh, "Íö~ book =¶ã`ÇO follow
We would rather lose the opportunity J==ò.
than do mean things. 2. <Í#° XO@iQê<³< á Œ =ôO\ì#° Qêh, J…ìO\÷
13. Manmohan Singh „¬ ^ Î " ³ á < Œ =^Î ° •° "Œi`Ë À‹ß‚¬ìO =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ#°.
䛽O\ì~¡° Hêh, ‹²^¥œO`Œ•° KÇO„¬ôHË~¡°. 3. h=ô q=°~¡Å…ÿá<Œ Z^ΰ~¡°øO\ì=ô Qêh,
Sri Manmohan Singh would rather lose
his post than kill his principles.
x~¡â†Ç°O =¶~¡°óHË=ô H›^¥!
14. P"³° J==¶#"³°< Ø Œ ƒ•’i‹¬°Oë k Hêh, "ŒiÌ„á 4. J`Ç_°È x~¡°^˼yQê<³< á Œ =ôO\ì_È°Qêh, XH›i
P^•¥~¡„_¬ ^È °Î . ãH÷O^Î =¶ã`ÇO „¬xK͆ǰ_È°.
She would rather bear insult than 5. P"³° W|ÄO^ΰ…ÿ< á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO@°Ok Qêh "Œi
depend on them.
=¶@ =¶ã`ÇO q#^ΰ.
15. "Œ~¡° F@q°<³< á Œ JOwH›iª•ë~°¡ Hêh, "ŒiÌ„á
P^•¥~¡„_¬ ~È °¡ . 6. "Í°=ò ZO`Ç ‹¬=°‹¬¼<³< á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ìO Hêh
They would rather accept defeat than J`ÇxH÷ =¶ã`ÇO H›Æ=¶„¬} K³„¬æ=ò.
violate the rules. 7. "Í°=ò ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó J~ò<Œ ƒ•’iª•ë=ò Qêh,
16. <Í#° #_•K³< á Œ "³ˆìë#° Qêh J`Çx scooter J`Çxx =¶ã`ÇO =^Ε=ò.
Ì„á "³ˆ×¤#°.
I would rather go on foot than go on 8. <Í#° Zxߪ•~¡~Á ò<Œ fail J=ô`Œ Qêh <Œ self
his scooter. confidence =¶ã`ÇO HË…Õæ#°.
17. "Í ° =ò #+¬ “ " ³ ° Ø < Œ Z^Î ° ~ùøO\ìO Qêh, 9. J`Ç_È° „²zó "Œ_È<Œß J=ô`Œ_È° Qêh P"³°
customers #° cheat K͆ǰ=ò. g°^Î ãÀ„=° =¶ã`ÇO KÇO„¬ôHË_È°.
We would rather face loss than cheat
the customers.
10. P"³° ‹¬=°‹¬¼…ÿ<á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO@°k Qêh, Z=i
18. "Œ~¡° tH›Æ J~ò<Œ J#°ƒ•’qª•ë~¡° Qêh, ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡^ΰ.
=ü_•È#=°àHê•° =^Ε~¡°. 11. <Í#° money J~ò<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ì#°
They would rather undergo punishment Qêh, „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•ä›½ ~Œr „¬_È#°.
than leave the superstitions. 12. "Í°=ò ~ï \÷O“ „¬ô _È|Ä~ò<Œ K³eªÁ •ë=ò Hêh,
19. "Í°=ò D T~ËÁ K³@Á Hã O÷ ^³<
á Œ x=tª•ë=ò D J=Hê‰×=ò =^Ε°HË=ò.
Hêh, D T~¡ ° =¶ã ` Ç O =^Î e "³ ˆ × ¤ = ò.
We would rather live under trees than 13. J`Ç _ È ° ZxßH› • …Õ F@q° J~ò<Œ
leave this village. K³O^ΰ`Œ_È° Hêh F@°Á =¶ã`ÇO Hù#_È°.
20. <Í#° D course WOHùH› ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡"°³ <Ø Œ 14. "Œ~¡° P‹²Ö J~ò<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ì~¡° Hêh,
KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ#° Qêh, „¬sH›Æ…Õ copy =¶ã`ÇO J`Çxx =¶ã`ÇO ^Î`Çë`Ç f‹¬°Hù#~¡°.
K͆ǰ#°.
I would rather study this course one
more year than copy in the examination Z
A wiseman doesnot care for what he doesnot have. 450
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'OF ALL THE'


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Batsmen JO^Îi…Õ Sachin Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. J Hindi actors JO^Îi…Õ Amitab popular #@°_È°.
J India …Õ Jxß\÷H›O>è Hêjà~Ÿ JO^Î"³°Ø# ㄬ^͉×=ò. J N.T.R 䛽=¶~¡°•O^Îi…Õ ~Œ=°H›$+¬â z#ß"Œ_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› •H›Æ}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ XH›ix ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, [O`Ç°=ô, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi`Ë ‡éeó
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + the + Adjective (est / most) + of all the + Plural Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. D degree …Õ adjective 䛽 =òO^ΰ article 'the' `Ç„¬æH›=KÇ°ó#°.
2. Adjective 䛽 'est' Qêx =òO^ΰ 'most' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
3. 'of all the' J#° phrase L„¬†³¶yOz# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number, 'of all the'
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ䛽#ßKË Noun 'Singular Number' …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. Jxß subjects •…Õ Mathematics 6. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇLoksabha ‹¬ƒ•’°¼•O^Îi…Õ Rahul
H›+¬»"³°Ø#k. Mathematics is the Gandhi z#ß"Œ_È°.
most difficult subject. Rahul Gandhi is the youngest of all
2. English <Œ@H› ~¡ K Ç ~ ò`Ç • O^Î i …Õ the members in the present Loksabha.
Shakespeare Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. 7. …Õ‚¬ð•xßO\÷…Õ |OQê~¡=ò q•°"³á#k.
Shakespeare is the greatest of all the Gold is the most precious of all the
English play wrights. metals.
3. =°#^Í ‰ × O …Õx Jxß states …Õ Uttar 8. Class …Õx JO^Î i boys …Õ J`Ç _ È °
Pradesh Ì„^Îík. ªé=°i.
Uttar Pradesh is the largest of all the He is the laziest of all the boys in the
states in our country. class.
4. =¶ friends JO^Îi…Õ Vamsi ^•Î#=O`Ç°_È°. 9. Jxß YO_¨•…Õ Asia Ì„^Îík.
Vamsi is the richest of all our friends. Asia is the largest of all the continents.
5. HÒ~¡=ô•O^Îi…Õ ^•Î°~˼^•Î#°_È° K³_"ÛÈ Œ_È°. 10. Cancer KŒ…ì „
ã =
¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #
Ø "Œ¼k•.
Dhuryodhana was the worst of all the Cancer is the most dangerous
Kauravas. disease.
451
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12. q‰×Þ<Œ^•£ ‹²x=¶•xßO\÷…Õ ‰×OH›~Œƒ•’~}¡ O EXERCISE


L`Çë=°"³°Ø#k. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Sankarabharanam is the best of all the
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
movies of Sri Viswanath. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
"³òQ®…˜ ~ŒA•O^Îi…Õ JH›Ä~Ÿ Q®ù„¬æ"Œ_È°.
13. „¬t=
ó °^͉§•…Õx Jxß ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Italian 2. P family members JO^Îi…Õ "Œi Ì„^Îí
=°^•Î°~¡"°³ #Ø k. 䛽=¶~¡°_È° KŒ…ì =°Oz"Œ_È°.
Italian is the sweetest of all the western 3. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =ô#ß <Œ†Ç ° ä› ½ •O^Î i …Õ
languages. =°<Ëà‚¬ì<£‹²OQ· x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
14. =¶ class …Õ Mahesh JO^ÎiH›O>è H›+„“¬ _¬ • 4. ‡•=ò•xß O \÷ … Õ ã ` ŒKÇ ° ‡•=ò
„¬xKÍÀ‹ q^¥¼iÖ. ㄬ=¶^ÎH›~¡"³°Ø#k.
Mahesh is the most hard working of 5. tY~Œ•xßO\÷…Õ Everest Z`³ëå#k.
all the students in our class. 6. India …Õx cities JxßO\÷…Õ Kolkatta
15. P†Ç°# #•°Q®°~¡° Hù_Ȱ䛽•…Õ ~¡=°} Ì„^Îík.
Ì„^Îí"Œ_È°. 7. =ò‹² Á O • „¬ O _È ° Q® • xß O \÷ … Õ ~¡ O *ì<£
Mr. Ramana is the eldest of his four =òY¼"³°Ø#k.
sons.
8. †Ç°O_È=üi #=••xßO\÷…Õ 'Ja•…ì+¬Ñ
16. Shakespeare dramas JxßO\÷…Õ Mid- P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê =ôO@°Ok.
summer Night's Dream ‚¬ 𠋬 ¼ =òQê
9. =°# state …Õ Jxß l…ìÁ • …Õ West
LO@°Ok. Godavari ƒìQê develop J~ò#k.
Mid-summer Night's Dream is the most
humourous of all Shakespeare's
10. _••bÁ…Õx hotels JxßO\÷ … Õ Asoka
dramas.
q…심=O`Ç"³°Ø#k.
17. =¶ town …Õ hotels JxßO\÷…Õ Mourya
11. =°# state …Õx H› @ “ _ ¨•xß O @\÷ … Õ
Charminar ‡ ã •p#"³°#Ø k.
Ì„^Îík.
Hotel Mourya is the biggest of all the 12. „ ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#^Í‰× ‹¬=°‹¬¼•xßO\÷…Õ Hêjà~¡°
hotels in our town. ‹¬=°‹¬¼ H÷Á+¬“"³°Ø#k.
18. =°# ^Í ‰ × O …Õx #^Î ° •xß O \÷ … Õ Q® O Q® 13. Dr. Y.S. =°Oãu=~¡O¾ JO^Î~i…Õ N ~ˉ׆°Ç ¼
„¬qã`Ç"³°Ø#k. J#°ƒ•’=Aý•°.
The Ganges is the holiest of all the 14. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O movies JxßO\÷ … Õ
rivers in our country. 'N ~Œ=°^¥‹¬°Ñ L`Çë=°"³°Ø#k.
19. WO_•†Ç¶…Õx H›@_
“ ¨•xßO\÷…Õ Taj Mahal
JO^Î"³°Ø#k.
The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful of
all the constructions in India.
Z
Success comes through planned hard-work. 452
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'ONE OF THE'


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô, J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# "Œi…ÕXH›xQê ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx Qù„¬æ ^͉§•…Õ India XH›\÷.
J NTR, ƒ•ì#°=°u #\÷Oz# =°Oz movies …Õ '=°bÁ‰×ÞiÑ XH›\÷.
J =°# ~ŒRO…Õx historical cities …Õ =~¡OQ®…˜ XH›\÷.
J „
ã =¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #Ø "Œ¼^•Î°•…Õ Cancer XH›\÷.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› •H›Æ}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ XH›xQê XH› =¼H÷ë, =‹¬°ë=ô#° ‡é•°ó@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=ë ô J^Í •H›}Æ =ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ 'XH›xQêÑ XH› =¼H÷,ë =‹¬°=ë ô#°
‡é•°ó@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + one of the + Adjective (est / most) + Plural Noun "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Note : 1. D model …Õ 'one of the' J#° phrase `Ç„¬æH›=KÇ°ó#°.
2. Adjective 䛽 'est' Qêx, =òO^ν 'most' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
3. Adjective `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°# ^͉O× …Õx x*ì~òf Q®• <Œ†Ç°ä›½•…Õ 5. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx Qù„¬æ^͉§•…Õ India XH›\÷.
Manmohan Singh XH›~¡°. India is one of the greatest countries
Manmohan Singh is one of the most in the world.
honest leaders in our country. 6. D line …Õ fast Qê #_•KÍ trains …Õ G.T.
2. n‡•=o ‚² ì O^Î ° =ô• =òY¼"³ ° Ø # Express XH›\÷.
„¬O_È°Q®•…Õ XH›\÷. The G.T. Express is one of the fastest
Diwali is one of the most important trains on this line.
festivals for the Hindus. 7. „
ã „
¬ O¬ KÇO…Õx H›+"“¬ °³ #
Ø ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Chinese
3. English …Õ Zä› ½ ø= ‹¬ ~ ¡ ° ø¼…è + ¬ < £ Q® • XH›\÷.
„¬ãuH›•…Õ Hindu XH›\÷. Chinese is one of the most difficult
The Hindu is one of the largest languages.
circulated dalies in English. 8. =¶ l…ìÁ…Õx sincere officers …Õ P†Ç°#
4. India …Õx popular actors …Õ Amitab XH›~¡°.
XH›~¡°. He is one of the most sincere officers
Amitab Batchan is one of the most in our district.
popular actors in India.

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9. ã „ ¬ „ ¬ O KÇ O …Õx Qù„¬ æ ã H ÷ ï H \˜ P@Qêˆ× ¤ … ÕÁ EXERCISE


Sachin XH›~¡°.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
Sachin Tendulkar is one of the best
Cricket players in the world. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
<Í\÷ ㄬ„¬OKÇ ãH÷ïH\˜…Õx L`Çë=° captain
10. 21 century …Õ Ja•=$kœ K³Ok# ^͉§•…Õ
[‡•<£ XH›\.÷ •…Õ Ricky Ponting XH›_È°.
Japan is one of the most developed 2. K³<³ßå "³ˆõ¤ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ routes …Õ Wk XH›\÷.
countries in the 21 st century. 3. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ‡Ú_È"³á# #^ΰ•…Õ q°‹²‹²„²
11. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ㇕p# #Q®~Œ•…Õ ~Ë"£° XH›\÷.
XH›\÷.
Rome is one of the most ancient cities 4. Shakespeare ‹¬$+²“Oz# =òY¼"³°Ø#
in the world. characters …Õ Brutus XH›\÷.
12. `³•°Q®°…Õx L`Çë=° zã`Œ•…Õ =°bÁ‰×Þi 5. ‡•• L`Ç æ `Ç ° ë • …Õx ~¡ ° zH› ~ ¡ " ³ ° Ø #
XH›\÷. „¬^¥~¡œ=ò•…Õ A#°ß XH›\÷.
Malliswari is one of the best movies in
6. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx |•"³°Ø# ^͉§•…Õ USA
Telugu. XH›\÷.
13. =°#䛽 ƒìQê L„¬†³¶Q®„¬_È° [O`Ç°=ô•…Õ
horse XH›\÷. 7. [<Œƒ•ì Z䛽ø=Qê =ôO_Í #Q®~Œ•…Õ
Hyderabad XH›\÷.
The horse is one of the most useful
animals. 8. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ‰§Oux ãÀ„q°OKÍ ^͉§•…Õ
14. =¶ school …Õ H›+„“¬ _
¬ • „¬xKÍ‹
À teachers WO_•†Ç¶ XH›\.÷
…Õ N ~¡=°} XH›~¡°. 9. ^͉׃•’H÷ë Q®• <Œ†Ç°ä›½•…Õ Subhash
Sri Ramana is one of the most hard Chandra Bose XH›~¡°.
working teachers in our school.
15. q•°"³á# …Õ‚¬ð•…Õ |OQê~¡O XH›\÷. 10. L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡"³°Ø# …Õ‚¬ð•…Õ W#°=ò
Gold is one of the most precious
XH›\÷.
metals. 11. WO_•†Ç¶…Õx KÇ•Áx ㄬ^͉§•…Õ T\÷
16. =¶ town …Õx busy centres …Õ Gandhi XH›\÷.
Road XH›\÷. 12. ‡ã •p# ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Latin XH›\÷.
Gandhi Road is one of the busiest
13. P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡"³°Ø# P@•…Õ ãH÷ïH\˜ XH›\÷.
centres in our town.
17. Hêo^¥‹¬° <Œ@Hê•…Õ P‹¬HHë÷ ~› "
¡ °³ #
Ø "Œ\÷…Õ 14. QÒ~¡ = ã „ ¬ ^ Î " ³ ° Ø # *ìf†Ç ° J"Œ~¡ ° Û • …Õ
‰×䛽O`Ç• XH›\÷. „¬^àÎ ƒ•’¶+¬}Ÿ XH›\.÷
Sakuntala is one of the most 15. =°Oz P~ËQ®¼H›~" ¡ °³ #
Ø P‚¬ð~¡„^
¬ ¥~¡=
œ ò•…Õ
instersting dramas of Kalidasa. QË^•Î°=° XH›\.÷
18. „
ã „
¬ O¬ KÇO…Õx JO^Î"°³ #
Ø „
ã ^
¬ ‰Í §•…Õ Hêjà~¡° 16. =°# cricket team …Õx KÇ ° ~¡ ° ï H á #
XH›\÷. P@Qêˆ×¤…Õ ‹¬°ö~+¹ ï~á<Œ XH›_È°.
Kashmir is one of the most beautiful
places in the world. Z
Excellence is the result of striving to do better. 454
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COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN ANY OTHER'


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô, J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›øi`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø course H›O>è MCA =°Ozk.
J =¶ class …Õ q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø student H›O>è Ramesh `³e"³á# "Œ_È°.
J `³•°Q®°…Õ q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø hero H›O>è z~¡Orq popularity Q®•"Œ_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› =¼H÷ëx J^Í Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# ㄬu XH›øi`Ë ‡é•°ó@#½
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, [O`Ç°=ô, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# „ã u¬ XH›øi`Ë
‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + Adjective (er /more) + than any other + Singular Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. D degree …Õ adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
2. 'Than any other' `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun 'Singular Number' …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~ŒA H›O>è Sancho 6. ª•Þ`ÇOã`Ç ‡é~Œ@O…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH›
Panza `³e"³á#"Œ_È°. L^μ=°O H›O>è =O^Í=¶`Ç~O¡ =òY¼"³°#
Ø k.
Sancho Panza was wiser than any Vandemataram was more important
other king. than any other movement during the
2. q°ye# ㄬu XH› [O`Ç°=ô H›O>è elephant freedom struggle.
Ì„^Îík. 7. `³•°Q®°…Õ q°ye# „
ã u
¬ XH› producer H›O>è
The elephant is bigger than any other N~Œ=¶<Œ†Çò_È° J#°ƒ•’=Aý_°È .
animal. Sri Ramanaidu is more experienced
3. E-TV …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› programme than any other producer in Telugu.
H›O>è '„ã u
¬ ^•ÎÞxÑ interesting Qê LO@°Ok. 8 q°ye# ㄬu XH› batsman H›O>è Sehwag
Prathidhwani is more interesting than |Oux |•OQê Hù_È`Œ_È°.
any other programme on E-TV. Sehwag hits the ball harder than any
4. English …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~¡KÇ~ò`Ç other batsman.
H›O>è Shakespeare Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. 9. q°ye# ㄬu XH› course H›O>è MCA
Shakespeare is greater than any =°Ozk.
other writer in English. M.C.A. is better than any other course.
5. A.P …Õ q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› city H› O >è 10. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› l…ìÁ H› O >è west
Hyderabad Ì„^Îík. Godavari ƒìQê develop J~ò#k.
Hyderabad is bigger than any other West Godavari is more developed
city in A.P. than any other district.
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11. q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› Jk•Hêi H›O>è P†Ç°# EXERCISE
sincere Qê =ôO\ì_È°.
He is more sincere than any other D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
officer.
K͆°Ç O_•.
12 q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› college H› O >è =¶ 1. q°ye# ㄬu XH› T.V. set H›O>è Sony TV
college ãH›=° tH›Æ} H›ey#k.
set Ys^³á#k.
Our college is more disciplined than
any other college. 2. =¶ school q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› teacher H›O>è
13. Team …Õx q°ye# ㄬu XH› fielder H›O>è N ~¡=°} ƒìQê teach Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
Yuva Raj KÇ°~¡°ïHá#"Œ_È°. 3. =¶ l…ìÁ…Õx q°ye# ㄬu XH› college
Yuvaraj is more active than any other H› O >è =¶ college =°Oz „¦ ¬ e `Œ•°
fielder in the team. ª•k•‹¬°Oë k.
14. q°ye# ㄬu XH› „¬O_È°Q® H›O>è =¶ä›½ 4. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› ~¡ K Ç ~ ò`Ç H› O >è N
LQêk =òY¼"³°Ø#k. †Ç°O_È=üi P‹¬HHë÷ ~› O¡ Qê " ã Œª•ë~°¡ .
Ugadi is more important than any
other festival to us. 5. q°ye# ㄬu XH› batsman H›O>è Dhoni
quick Qê runs score Kͪ•ë_°È .
15. q°ye# ㄬu XH› subject H›O>è physics
H›+¬“"³°Ø#k. 6. q°ye# ㄬu XH› <Œ†Ç°ä›½x H›O>è N
Physics is more difficult than any KÇO^ ã ƒ Î ì|° KÇ°~¡°ä›½Qê „¬xKͪ•ë~°¡ .
other subject. 7. x#ß dinner …Õ q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› item H›O>è
16. q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~ŒRO H›O>è Punjab Gulab Jamn ~¡°zH›~¡OQê =ô#ßk.
ƒìQê Ja•=$kœ K³Ok#k. 8. P movie …Õ q°ye# „ ã u¬ XH› ‡•@ H›O>è
The Punjab is more developed than
any other state. title song melodious Qê L#ßk.

17. P ~ËA•…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› #\÷ H›O>è 9. Julius Ceaser drama …Õ q°ye# „ ã u ¬ XH›
ª•qãu =°Oz talent H›ey#@°=O\÷"Œ~¡°. character H›O>è Cassius K³_ÈÛ"Œ~¡°.
Savitri was more talented than any 10. „ ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ cricket …Õ q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› team
other actress in those days. H›O>è Indian team strong Qê L#ßk.
18. P ~ËA•…Õ Telugu Heroes …Õ q°ye# 11. `³•°Q®°…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH›øi H›O>è N
ㄬu XH›øiH›O>è NTR popular #@°_È°. ã|‚¬ðà#O^ÎO crazy comedian.
N.T.R. was more popular than any
other hero in Telugu in those days. 12. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› fruit H› O >è apple
19. P ~ËA•…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› bowler H›O>è P~ËQ®¼H›~¡"³°Ø#k.
H›„²…˜^Í"£ KŒ…ì ƒìQê bowl KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°. 13. q°ye# ㄬu XH› project H›O>è ‡é•=~¡O
Kapil Dev used to bowl better than any Ì„^Îík.
other bowler in those days. 14. =°# ~ŒRO…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› bus-
20. =¶ town …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› theatre station H›O>è ''Wg°Á|<£Ñ |‹¹À‹“+¬<£ Ì„^Îík.
H›O>è [†Ç°~ŒO ‡•`Çk.
Jayaram is older than any other
theatre in our town. Z
Simple and honest life gives happiness to a happy man. 456
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COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN MANY OTHER'


XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# q°Q®`Œ KŒ…ì=°Ok`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J q°Q®`Œ KŒ…ì =°Ok <Œ†Ç°ä›½• H›O>è Manmohan Singh x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
J q°ye# KŒ…ì states H›O>è A.P. Ja•=$kœ K³Ok# ~ŒRO.
J Cricket …Õ ã„¬‹¬°ë`ÇO q°ye# KŒ…ì teams H›O>è Indian team strong Qê L#ßk.
J ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì ^͉§• H›O>è India Qù„¬æ ^͉×O.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› =¼H÷ë, =‹¬°ë=ô#° q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok`Ë
‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + adjective (er / more) + than many other + Plural Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. Adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
2. 'Than many other' `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Plural Number Noun =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. q°ye# KŒ…ì f~¡Ö ‹¬Ö…ì• H›O>è u~¡°=°• 5. ^͉×O…Õx q°ye# KŒ…ì ~Œ¢‘•“• H›O>è
„¬qã`Ç"³°Ø#k. POã^•Î„ã ^
¬ ‰Í ˜ „Ì ^Îk
í .
Tirumala is holier than many other Andhra Pradesh is larger than many
pilgrim centres. other states in our country.
2. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok ~¡K~Ç ò`Ç• H›O>è _¨II 6. q°ye# KŒ…ì P@• H› O >è ã H ÷ ï H \˜
‹².<Œ~Œ†Ç°} ~ï _•Û „
À ~¡°Q®•"Œ~¡°. interesting Qê LO@°Ok.
Dr. C. Narayana Reddy is more Cricket is more interesting than many
popular than many other writers. other games.
3. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok teachers H›O>è 7. q°ye# KŒ…ì „¬O_ÈÁ H›O>è =¶q°_•
P†Ç°# "Í°•°. f~òxk.
He is better than many other Mango is sweeter than many other
teachers. fruits.
4. ~ŒRO…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì l…ìÁ• H›O>è 8. English …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok poets

ã H¬ ê‰×O Ja•=$kœ K³Ok#k. H›O>è John Keats Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°.
Prakasam is more developed than John Keats is greater than many other
many other districts in our state. poets in English.

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9. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°# ^͉×O…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì EXERCISE


‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ • H› O >è Hêjà~¡ ° H÷ Á + ¬ “ " ³ ° Ø # k. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Kashmir problem is more critical than "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
many other problems in our country. K͆°Ç O_•.
1. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok workers H›O>è J`Ç_°È
10. Delhi …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì hotels H› O >è
x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
Ashoka q…심=O`Ç"³°Ø#k.
Ashoka is more luxurious than many 2. q°ye# KŒ…ì books H›O>è Wk g°ä›½
other hotels in Delhi. L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡"³°Ø#k.
11. q°ye# KŒ…ì ㇕Of†Ç° ‡•s“• H›O>è 4. Chennai "³ˆ×ä@䛽 q°ye# KŒ…ì trains
ㄬ[•ä›½ `³•°Q®°^͉×O "Í°•° KÍ‹²Ok. H› O >è „² < ŒH÷ x ZH± • ã Ì „ ‹¹ ªÏH› ~ ¡ ¼ OQê
The Telugu Desam Party did better =ôO@°Ok.
than many other regional parties for 5. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok singsters H›O>è S.P.
the people. talent Q®•"Œ~¡°.
12. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok ~¡KÇ~ò`Ç• H›O>è 6. D sweet stall …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì items
†Ç°O_È=üi popularity Q®•"Œ~¡°. H› O >è Mysore pawk ~¡ ° zH› ~ ¡ O Qê
Sri Yandamuri is more popular than
many other writers.
=ôO@°Ok.
13. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok players H›O>è •H›;}Ÿ 7. q°ye# KŒ…ì HË~¡ ° •• H› O >è MBA
ƒìQê P_È°`Œ_È°. L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡OQê =ôO@°Ok.
Lakshman plays better than many 8. q°ye# KŒ…ì Hê~¡Á H›O>è =¶~¡°u KñH›Qê
other players. =ô#ßk.
14. q°ye# KŒ…ì dictionaries H›O>è Orient 9. q°ye# KŒ…ì flowers H›O>è ebÁ „¬î=ô
Longman standard J~ò#k. bright Qê =ôO@°Ok.
The Orient Longman dictionary is more 10. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok PiÖH› =°Oã`Ç°•H›O>è
standard than many other N ~ˉ׆ǰ¼ |_³û\˜ ƒìQê `džǶ~¡° K͉§~¡°.
dictionaries.
11. North India …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì ‡•s“• H›O>è
15. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok H›O>è J`Ç_°È H›+„
⬠_
¬ • BJP |•"³°Ø#k.
„¬xKÍÀ‹ =¼H÷ë.
He is more hardworking than many 12. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok music Directors
other persons. H› O >è N H© ~ ¡ " Œ}÷ melodious tunes
16. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok actors H› O >è compose Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
Mahesh Babu ƒìQê act Kͪ•ë_°È . 13. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok q^¥¼"Í`Çë• H›O>è N
Mahesh Babu acts better than many KÇ°Hêø ~Œ=°†Ç°¼ J#°ƒ•’==òQ®•"Œ~¡°.
other actors. 14. q°ye# KŒ…ì Q®°}=ò• H›O>è x*ì~òf
17. q°ye# KŒ…ì cities H›O>è Bangalore L#ß`Ç"³°Ø#k.
ㄬ‰§O`ÇOQê =ôO@°Ok.
Bangalore is more peaceful than
many other cities.
Z
The life of a happyman is a great gift of God. 458
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THAN
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W^Îí~¡° =¼ä›½ë•#°, ï~O_È° =‹¬°ë=ô•#° XH› ^¥x`Ë WOHùH› ^¥xx
‡éeóK³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J W@b H›O>è WO_•†Ç¶ Qù„¬æ^͉=× ò.
J Foot ball H›O>è cricket P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê LO@°Ok.
J <Œ H›O>è J`Ç_È° Ex†Ç°~Ÿ.
J Bangalore H›O>è Mysore JO^Î"³°Ø# #Q®~¡=ò.

D q^•Î=òQê W^Îí~¡° =¼ä›½ë•#°Qêx, ï~O_È° =‹¬°ë=ô•#°Qêx XH› •H›Æ}=ò…Õ XH›ix WOHùH›i`Ë,


XH›^¥xx WOHùH›^¥x`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
First Subject + Verb + Adjective (er / more) + than + Second Subject
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. Adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Mumbai H›O>è Kolkatta Ì„^Îí #Q®~¡=ò. 6. Foot ball H›O>è Cricket P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡"³°Ø#k.
Kolkatta is larger than Mumbai. Cricket is more interesting than foot
2. Mathematics H›O>è Physics H›+¬“=ò. ball.
Physics is more difficult than 7. Zaheer Khan H›O>è Agarkar fast Qê bowl
Mathematics. Kͪ•ë_°È .
Agarkar bowls faster than
3. J‰Õ䛽_È° H›O>è JH›Ä~Ÿ Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. Zaheerkhan.
Akbar was grater than Ashoka.
8. <ŒQê…ìO_£ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ H›O>è Hêjà~¡° ‹¬=°‹¬¼
4. =ò‹²OÁ •ä›½ |ãH^
© £ H›O>è ~¡O*ì<£ =òY¼"³°#
Ø H÷Á+¬“"³°Ø#k.
„¬O_È°Q®. The Kashmir problem is more critical
Ramzan is more important than than the Nagaland problem.
Bakrid for the Muslims. 9. Mount Blanc H›O>è Everest Z`³ ë å # k.
5. B.J.P.…Õ N J^¥Þh H›O>è N "Œ*˜À„~ò Mount Everest is higher than Mount
J#°ƒ•’=Aý•°. Blanc.
Sri Vajpayee is more experienced 10. "³O_• H›O>è |OQê~¡=ò q•°"³#
á k.
than Sri Advani in the B.J.P. Gold is more precious than silver

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11. Sanskrit H› O >è Hindi ‹¬°•ƒ•’"³°Ø#k. EXERCISE


Hindi is easier than Sanskrit.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
12. =¶ cousin H› O >è <Í # ° Ì„^Îí"Œ_•x.
I am elder to my cousin.
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. Chemistry H›O>è Physics P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê
13. K³<ß³å #°Oz Bangalore H›O>è Hyderabad LO@°Ok.
^ζ~¡=ò.
Hyderabad is farther than Bangalore
2. H›$‘•â#k H›O>è QË^¥=i „¬q`ã "
Ç °³ #
Ø k.
from Chennai. 3. hH›O>è J`Ç_È° =òO^ΰQê =zó<Œ_È°.
14. „¬ ^ Î à N H› O >è „¬ ^ Î à ƒ•’ ¶ +¬ } Ÿ Zä› ½ ø= 4. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Australia H›O>è India team
QÒ~¡=ㄬ^Î"³°Ø#k. strong Qê L#ßk.
Padmabhushan is more honourable
than Padmasri. 5. Abhishek H›O>è Amittab ƒìQê act
Kͪ•ë_°È .
15. "Œ}÷N H›O>è ª•qãu ‹Ôx†Ç°~Ÿ.
Savitri is senior to Vanisri. 6. hH›O>è J`Ç_°È Z䛽ø= ‹¬O‡•kª•ë_°È .
16. =¶ Chemistry lectrurer H›O>è Physics 7. Q® ° ã ~ ¡ O H› O >è lOH› "Í Q ® O Qê
lectrurer ƒìQê teach Kͪ•ë~°¡ . „¬~¡°ïQ`Ç°ë`Ç°Ok.
Our Physics lecturer teaches better
than our Chemistry lecturer.
8. J`Çx H›O>è P"³° Z䛽ø= J~¡Ý`Ç H›ey#k.
17. Ì ‹ ‚¬ ð ÞQ· H› O >è ^•Ëh |Oux |•OQê 9. Q®`OÇ …Õ Ganguly lead KÍ‹#
² ^¥xH›O>è
Hù_È`Œ_È°. ƒìQê Dravid team x lead KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
Dhoni hits the ball harder than 10. P movie …Õ Hero H›O>è Heroine ƒìQê
Sehwag. (does) act KÍ‹²Ok.
18. J`ÇxH›O>è <Í#° ƒìQê interview K͉§#°. 11. Jxß q+¬†¶
Ç •…Õ hH›O>è <Í#° superior.
I did the interview better than he.
12. Harbhajan H›O>è Anil Kumble |Oux
19. Bangalore H›O>è Mysore JO^Î"³°Ø#k.
ƒìQê spin Kͪ•ë_°È .
Mysore is more beautiful than
Bangalore. 13. Pinakini Express H›O>è GT Express
fast Qê #_È°‹¬°ëOk.
20. Webster Dictionary H› O >è Oxford
Dictionary standard Qê LO@°Ok. 14. =¶H›O>è "Œ~¡° ^•Î#=O`Ç°•°.
The Oxford Dictionary is more
standard than the Webster Dictionary.

Z
Material possessions cannot make man happy. 460
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NO OTHER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› =¼H÷x
ë , =‹¬°=
ë ô#° XH› •H›}
Æ =ò…Õ WH› 'JO`Ç\"
÷ Œï~=~¡¶…è~°¡ Ñ Jx
K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Asia YO_È=ò…Õ WO_•†Ç¶ JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ ^͉= × ò WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î .
J =¶ friends …Õ Ashok JO`Ç `³e"³á#"Œ_È° WOHùH›~¡° …è_È°.
J =¶ä›½ Physics JO`Ç\÷ H›+¬“"³°Ø# subject WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
J `³•°Q®°…Õ NTR JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ #@°_È° WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.

D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷xë , ‹¬•Ö =ò#°, =‹¬°=ë ô †³òH›ø XH› •H›}Æ =ò Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ ÑWH› J@°=O\÷"Œ~¡°,
JO`Ç\÷"Œ~¡° "Í~ùH›~¡° …è~¡°Ñ J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Noother + Singular Noun + Verb + so - as + Subject" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. 'No other" `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Singular Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
2. 'So-as' =°^μ…Õ adjective 䛽 Ug° add Hê^ΰ.

EXAMPLES
1. Shakespeare JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ <Œ@H› ~¡K~
Ç ò`Ç 5. SanskritJO`Ç \ ÷ ã ‡ •p#"³ ° Ø # ƒ•ì+¬
WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. WO_•†Ç ¶ …Õ WOHùH› \ ÷ …è ^ Î ° .
No other dramatist is so great as No other language in India is so ancient
Shakespeare. as Sanskrit.
2. Sachin JO`Ç\÷ =°Oz batsman WOHùH›~°¡ 6. =¶ =îi…Õ J`Çx JO`Ç K³_ÛÈ =¼H÷ë WOHùH›~°¡
…è~¡°. …è~¡°.
No other batsman is so good as No other man in our village is so bad
Sachin. as he (is).
3. Everest JO`Ç\÷ Z`³áë# tM~¡O ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ 7. z~¡Orq JO`Ç\÷ popular #@°_È° `³•°Q®°…Õ
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other peak in the world is so high No other actor in Telugu is so popular
as Everest. as Chiranjivi.
4. U.S.A. JO`Ç\÷ |•"³°#
Ø ^͉O× WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î . 8. ‹²Hø÷ O JO`Ç\÷ z#ß ~ŒRO WO_•†Ç¶…Õ
No other nation is so strong as the WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
U.S.A. No other state in India is so small as
Sikkim.

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9. Oxford Dictionary JO`Ç \ ÷ L„¬ † ³ ¶ Q® EXERCISE


H›~¡"³°Ø# |°H± WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
No other book is so useful as the "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
Oxford Dictionary. K͆°Ç~Œ=¶†Ç
1. O_•. °}O JO`Ç\÷ „¬q`ã Ç Qã O® ^ŠOÎ WOHùH›\÷
10. Mr. Rao JO`Ç\÷ J#°ƒ•’==òQ®• teacher …è^ΰ.
=¶ ‹¬¶ø•°…Õ WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. 2. Shakespeare <Œ@Hê•…Õ Mid-summer
No other teacher in our school is so Nights Dream JO`Ç \ ÷ ‚¬ 𠋬 ¼ „¬ ~ ¡ " ³ ° Ø # k
experienced as Mr. Rao. WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
11. `ã ŒKÇ°‡•=ò JO`Ç\÷ „
ã =
¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #
Ø ‡•=ò 3. Romantic Age …Õ John Keats JO`Ç\÷
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. Qù„¬æ H›q WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other snake is so dangerous as a 4. =°# team …Õ Sehwag JO`Ç Q®\÷“Qê ball
cobra. x hit KÍÀ‹ batsman WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
12. ¢ïHዬë=ô•ä›½ Christmas JO`Ç\÷ =òM¼"³°Ø# 5. N =°<£"³¶‚¬ì<£‹²OQ· JO`Ç\÷ KŒH›KÇH›¡¼OQê
„¬O_È°Q® WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. „
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß #_È„Q¬ •® <Œ†Ç°ä›½_È° „ ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ
No other festival for the Christians is so WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
important as Christmas. 6. =¶ workers …Õ J`Ç x JO`Ç ªé=°i
13. =°#^͉×O…Õ Q®OQê#k JO`Ç\÷ „¬qã`Ç"³°Ø# WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
#k WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. 7. ‚²ìOn JO`Ç ‹¬°•ƒ•’"°³ # Ø ƒì+¬ WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î .
No other river in our country is so holy 8. „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#^͉O× …Õ Hêjà~Ÿ JO`Ç\÷ H÷+
Á "“¬ °³ #
Ø
as the Ganges. ‹¬=°‹¬¼ WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
14. h JO`Ç\÷ ^ΰ~Œà~¡°¾_È° WOHùH›_È° LO_È_È°. 9. ª•qãu JO`Ç\÷ \ì…ÿO\˜ =ô#ß #\÷ WOHùH›~°¡
No other person is so wicked as you …è~¡°.
(are). 10. Mr. Ramana JO`Ç\÷ sincere officer =¶
15. Indian team …Õ =ò<Œ„¦¹ „¬>è…˜ JO`Ç fast office …ç WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
Qê bowl KÍÀ‹ bowler WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. 11. ~Œ^•Î JO`Ç\÷ KÇ°~¡°Hï # á J=¶à~ò =¶ HêÁ‹…¹ Õ
No other bowler in the Indian team WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
bowls so fast as Munaf Patel. 12. Q®°…ìa JO`Ç\÷ attractive flower WOHùH›\÷
16. =¶ Madhavi Madam JO`Ç ƒìQê teach …è^ΰ.
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. 13. P†Ç°#…ìO\÷ =°Oz=°x+² D ~ËA•…Õ
No other teacher in our school teaches "Í~ùH›~¡° =ôO_È~¡°.
so well as Mrs. Madhavi. 14. x*ì~òfx q°Oz# Qù„¬ æ Q® ° }=ò
17. Bible ã „ ¬ H ê~¡ = ò, U‹¬ ° ã H © ‹ ¬ ° ë JO`Ç \ ÷ WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
Q®ù„¬æ^Í=ô_È° D q‰×ÞO…Õ WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. 15. Taj Mahal JO`Ç\÷ JO^Î"³°Ø# H›@“_È=ò
According to the Bible, no other God in =°#^͉×O…Õ "Í~ùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
the universe is so great as Jesus Christ.
Z
Success is a fulfilment of your burning desire. 462
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VERYFEW
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› =¼H÷x ë , XH› =‹¬°=
ë ô#° XH› •H›}
Æ =ò…Õ W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë ‡é•°óK¶
Ç 'J…ìO\÷
"Œ~¡° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê LO\ì~¡°Ñ Jx K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J N KÇOã^΃ì|°…ìO\÷ KÇ°~¡°ïHá# <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ôO\ì~¡°.
J Sehwag …ìQê |Oux hit KÍÀ‹ batsmen KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok L<Œß~¡°.
J h …ìQê H›+¬“„¬_Í"Œ~¡° D ~ËA•…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= Qê =ôO\ì~¡°.
J ƒ•’Q=® n¾`Ç …ìO\÷ Qù„¬æ Qã O® ^Š¥•° KŒ…ì `Çä½› ø=Qê LO\ì~ò.

D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë =‹¬°=ë ô †³òH›ø XH› •H›}Æ =ò#° ‡éeóK„³ C¬ KǶ 'W@°=O\÷"Œ~¡° KŒ…ì `Çä½› ø=Qê
LO\ì~¡°Ñ J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Veryfew + Plural Noun + Plural Verb + as - as + Subject" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. 'Veryfew" `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
2. 'As-as' =°^μ…Õ adjective 䛽 Ug° add Hê^ΰ.

EXAMPLES
1. NTR JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ #@°•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= 6. P†Ç°# …ìO\÷ H›+„
“¬ _
¬ • „¬xKÍ‹
À "Œ~¡° D
=°Ok LO\ì~¡°. ~ËA•…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê L<Œß~¡°.
Veryfew actors are as great as NTR. Veryfew men now-a-days are as hard
2. KÇOã^΃ì|° …ìO\÷ KÇ°~¡°ïHá# <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° working as he (is).
KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok L<Œß~¡°.
Veryfew leaders are as active as
7. A.P. JO`Ç develop J~ò# states KŒ…ì
Chandra Babu.
`Ç䛽ø= L<Œß~ò.
Veryfew states are as developed as
3. q‰×Þ<Œ^•£ …ìO\÷ classical directors KŒ…ì
A.P.
`Ç䛽ø= =°Ok LO\ì~¡°.
Veryfew directors are as classical as 8. „ã H¬ $› u…Õ WOã^•Î^•Î#°‹¬°• …ìO\÷ JO^Î"°³ #
Ø
Viswanath. ^Î $ ‰§¼•° KŒ…ì `Ç ä › ½ ø=Qê =ôO\ì~ò.
4. P†Ç ° # …ìO\÷ x*ì~òf„¬ ~ ¡ ° •° KŒ…ì Veryfew sights in nature are as
`Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°. beautiful as a rainbow.
Veryfew men are as honest as he (is). 9. ‹¬ O ‹¬ ø $`Ç O …ìO\÷ ã ‡ •p# ƒ•ì+¬ • °
5. ‹²<Œï~ JO`Ç Qù„¬æ H›=ô•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
=°Ok L<Œß~¡°. Veryfew languages in the world are as
Veryfew poets are as great as ancient as Sanskrit.
Sri C. Narayana Reddy.

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EXERCISE
10. [†Ç ° •e`Ç …ìO\÷ popularity =ô#ß
<Œ†Ç°ä›½•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ô<Œß~¡°. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Veryfew leaders are as popular as
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
Jayalalitha. K͆°Ç O_•.
1. =¶ class …Õ suresh JO`Ç `³eqQ®•
11. WO_•†Ç¶…ìO\÷ Qù„¬æ ^͉§•° „
ã „
¬ O¬ KÇO…Õ q^¥¼~¡°Ö•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~¡°.
KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
Veryfew countries in the world are as 2. Hindi JO`Ç ‹¬°•ƒ•’"°³ #
Ø ƒ•ì+¬•° KŒ…ì
great as India.
`Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
12. `³•°Q®°…ìO\÷ f†Ç°x ƒ•ì+¬•° KŒ…ì
`Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò. 3. D ~ËA•…Õ P†Ç°#O`Ç\÷ =°Oz =¼ä›½ë•°
Veryfew languages are as sweet as
KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø==°Ok LO\ì~¡°.
Telugu.
13. Socrates …ìO\÷ "Í°^•¥=ô•° KŒ…ì `Çä½› ø= 4. ã „ ¬ „ ¬ O KÇ O …Õ Buddhism JO`Ç \ ÷ Qù„¬ æ
=°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°. =°`Œ•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê L<Œß~ò.
Veryfew scholars are as wise as
Socrates. 5. M.S. ‹¬°|Ä•H÷; JO`Ç\÷ talented singsters
14. 'N~Œ=°^¥‹¬°Ñ …ìO\÷ L`Çë=° zã`Œ•° KŒ…ì KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok LO\ì~¡°.
`Ç䛽ø=Qê LO\ì~ò.
Veryfew movies are as good as Sri 6. P ~ËA•…Õ QêOn•Qêi JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ =¼ä›½•ë °
Ramadasu. KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø==°Ok =ôO_Í"Œ~¡°.
15. J`Çx …ìO\÷ =°Oz =¼ä›½ë•° D ~ËA…ÕÁ
KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°. 7. C.A. JO`Ç H› + ¬ “ " ³ ° Ø # HË~¡ ° ••° KŒ…ì
Veryfew persons now-a-days are as `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
good as he is.
16. a.*ÿ„.² …Õ „
ã "¬ ¶
³ ^£ =°‚¬ð[<£ …ìO\÷ KÇ°~¡°Hï #
á 8. D ~ËA•…Õ P†Ç°# JO`Ç ^ΆǰQ®•"Œ~¡°
Hê~¡¼H›~¡ë•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ô<Œß~¡°. KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø==°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°.
Veryfew workers in the BJP are as
active as Pramodh Mahajan. 9. h JO`Ç `³eq`Ç䛽ø= "Œ~¡° D ~ËA•…Õ
17. ƒ•ì~¡`Ç^͉×O…ìO\÷ ㇕p# ‹¬O‹¬ø$`Ç°•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°.
ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ KŒ`Œ `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
Veryfew cultures in the world are as 10. ¢ ï H á ‹ ¬ ë = ô•ä› ½ Easter JO`Ç =òY¼"³ ° Ø #
ancient as India. „¬O_È°Q®•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
18. ƒÿáa…˜ JO`Ç\÷ „¬qã`Ç"³°Ø# ãQ®O^Š¥•° KŒ…ì
`Ç䛽ø=Qê =ôO\ì~ò.
Veryfew books are as holy as the
Bible.
Z
Make everyday 'a day of success'. 464
VERB LIST:-

* VERB FORMS LIST *


'Verb' is the most important of all the Parts of Speech.
A verb denotes an action, state or possession.

doing Being having

XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz, XH› ‹²Öux Q®°iOz, H›ey†Çò#ß ^¥xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ° „¬
^Î=ò#° 'Verb' JO^ΰ~¡°.
English …Õx ㄬu verb 䛽 =òY¼=òQê =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò/°O_È°#°.

Jq
1. The Simple Present
2. The Simple Past

3. The Past Participle

See Saw seen

Work Worked worked

D =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò/#° ‹¬°/ƒ3’=òQê Q®°iëOKÇ°@䛽 g/°Qê =~¡°‹¬Qê I form, II


form, III form Jx K³„¬CHù#=KÇ
Hù#=KÇ°ó.
D =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò/ #°O_< verb
†³òH›ø q°ye# ~¡¶„¬=ò/° `džǶ~¡° KÍ‹¬°Hù#=KÇ°ó.
Verbs ï~O_È° ~¡H›=ò/°.

Jq Strong Verbs =°i†Çò Weak Verbs


Strong Verbs <Í =°~¡/ Irregular Verbs JO^ΰ~¡°.

Srinivasulu.jasti Page1 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

XH› verb †³òH›ø Present Form …Õx Vowels JKÇ°ó/° (A,E,I,O,U) Past Form
…ÕQêx, Past Participle Form …ÕQêx =¶i# Z_È/, P Verb #° Storong Verb
JO^ΰ~¡°.

Write wrote written

Come came come

Take took taken

Do did done

Give gave given


XH› verb †³òH›ø Present Form 䛽 't', 'd' …èH› 'ed' KÍió Past Form, Past
Participle Form U~¡æ_<# Z_È/, P Verb #° Weak Verb JO^ΰ~¡°.

Ex :

Spend spent spent

Lend lent lent

Like liked liked


Love loved loved

Help helped helped

Pull pulled pulled

D book …Õ "³ò`ÇëO 2300 verbs 䛽 'conjugation' W=Þ|_<#k. Alphabetical order


…Õ Wzó#O^ΰ# q^¥¼~¡
q^¥¼~¡°Ö/° ‹¬°/ƒ3’OQê verb
†³òH›ø =ü_È° ~¡¶„¬=ò/° <Í~¡°óHù#=KÇ°ó#°.

Srinivasulu.jasti Page2 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

* VERB FORMS LIST *


Sr.NO 1 st Form 1 st Form 1 st Form Meaning in Telugu
1. Abide abode abode x=tOKÇ°@
2. Arise arose Arisen H›#|_È°@,Z䛽ø@
3. Awake Awoke Awoke "Í°…çø°„¬ô@
4. Bear bore Borne ƒ’iOKÇ°@
5. Bear bore Born [xàOKÇ°@
6. Beat beat Beaten Hù@°“@
7. Become became Become JQ®°@
8. Befall befell Befallen ‹¬Oƒ’qOKÇ°@
9. Beget begot Begotten H›#°@
10. Begin began Begun P~¡OaOKÇ°@
11. Behold beheld Beheld Q®=°xOKÇ°@
12. Bend bent Bent =OQ®°@
13. Bereave bereft Bereft ‡éQù@°“Hù#°
14. Beseech besought Besought ã|u=°…ì_È°@
15. Beset beset Beset P=iOKÇ°,KÇ°@°“Hù#°
16. Bet bet Bet „¬O^³=ò "͆Çò@
17. Betake betook Betaken Pã‰×~òOKÇ°
18. Bethink bethought Bethought *ìý„¬H›=ò `³KÇ°óHù#°
19. Bid bade,bid bidden,bid P*ìý„²OKÇ°,"ÍO‡=_È°
20. Bide bode Bided J=Hê‰×=ò#ïHá "ÍKÇ°@
21. Bleed bled Bled ~¡H›ë=ò Hê~¡°@
22. Blend blent Blent H›°„¬ô@
23. Bless blest Blest nqOKÇ°@
24. Blow blew Blown gKǰ@,T^ΰ@
25. Break broke Broken „¬Q®°Qù@°“@
26. Breed bred Bred t‰×Ã=ô#° H›#°@
27. Bring brought Brought `³KÇ°ó@
28. Broadcast broadcast Broadcast ‰×|íㄬª=~¡O K͆Çò@
29. Build built Built xiàOKÇ°@
30. Burn burnt Burnt Hê°@,Hê°ó@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page3 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

31. Burst burst Burst „¬Q®°°@,z@°Á@


32. Buy bought Bought Hù#°@
33. Cast cast Cast q‹¬°~¡°@,‡=~¡"͆Çò@
34. Catch caught Caught „¬@°“Hù#°@
35. Chide chid chidden,chid p"Œ@°Á Ì„@°“@
36. Choose chose Chosen Z#°ßHù#°@
37. Cleave clove,cleft cloven,cleft „¬Q®°Hù@°“,p°ó@
38. Cling clung Clung JO\÷Ì„@°“HùxLO_È°@
39. Come came Come =KÇ°ó@
40. Cost cost Cost "³†Ç°Q®°@
41. Creep crept Crept ã‡=䛽@
42. Crow crew Crowed HË_T…ìQ®ä›U†Çò@
43. Cut cut Cut HˆÇò@
44. Dare durst Dared ^³á~¡¼=òK͆Çò@
45. Deal dealt Dealt x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
46. Dig dug Dug ã`Ç=ôÞ@
47. Dive dived,dove Dived =ò#°Q®°@
48. Do did Done K͆Çò@
49. Draw drew Drawn w†Çò@, …ìQ®°@
50. Dream dreamt Dreamt H›Q®#°@
51. Drink drank Drunk ã`ŒQ®°@
52. Drive drove Driven #_È°„¬ô@
53. Dwell dwelt Dwelt Hꄬ
Hꄬô~¡O LO_È°@
54. Eat ate Eaten u#°@
55. Fall fell Fallen „¬_È°@
56. Feed fed Fed ux„²OKÇ°@,‡é+²OKÇ°
57. Feel felt Felt J#°ƒ’¶u ‡ÚO^ΰ@
58. Fight fought Fought ‡é~Œ_È°@
59. Find found Found H›#°Qù#°@
60. Flee fled Fled ‡=i‡é=ô@
61. Fling flung Flung ‡=~¡"͆Çò,q‹²i"͆Çò

Srinivasulu.jasti Page4 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

62. Fly flew Flown ZQ®°~¡°@


63. Forbid forbade Forbidden xÀ+kOKÇ°@,Hê^Î#°@
64. Forecast forecast Forecast =òO^ΰQê `³°„¬ô
65. Foreknow foreknew Foreknown =òO^Î ° Qê`³
Q ê`³  °‹¬ ° Hù#°
66. Foresee foresaw Foreseen =òO^Î ° QêZ^Î ° ~¡ ° KÇ ¶ KÇ ° @
67. Foretell foretold Foretold ƒ’q+¬¼`Ç°ë#° K³„¬ôæ@
68. Forget forgot Forgotten =°~¡z‡é=ô@
69. Forgive forgave Forgiven H›Æq°OKÇ°@
70. Forsake forsook Forsaken =^Îe"͆Çò@
71. Forswear forswore forsworn ‰×„¬^Î=òKÍ‹²=^ÎeÌ„@°“@
72. Freeze froze Frozen À„~¡°Hù#°,Q®_ÈÛH›@°“
73. Gainsay gainsaid Gainsaid Hê^Î#°@
74. Get got Got ‡ÚO^ΰ@
75. Gild gilt Gilt |OQê~¡° ö~䛽 "͆Çò@
76. Gird girt Girt KÇ°\÷“ H›@°“@
77. Give gave Given WKÇ°ó@
78. Grind ground Ground q‹¬°~¡°@,‡Ú_TK͆Çò@
79. Grow grew Grown Ì„~¡°Q®°@
80. Hang hung Hung Lif†Çò@,ã"Í…ì_Èn†Çò@
81. Have had Had H›ey †ÇòO_È°@
82. Hear heard Heard q#°@
83. Hew hewed Hewn #~¡°ä›½@
84. Heave hove Hove L|°Ä@,‡ÚOQ®°@
85. Hide hid Hidden ^¥zLOKÇ°@
86. Hit hit Hit ƒì^ΰ@
87. Hold held Held „¬@°“Hù#°
88. Hurt hurt Hurt Qê†Ç° „¬~¡KÇ°@
89. Inlay inlaid Inlaid …Õ„¬ LOKÇ°@
90. Keep kept Kept LOKÇ°@
91. Kneel knelt Knelt "³¶H›i°Á@
92. Knit knit Knit J°Á@,=ò_T"͆Çò@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page5 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

93. Know knew Known `³°‹¬°Hù#°


94. Lade laded laden F_È̄ዬ~¡°ä›½°"͆Çò@
95. Lay laid Laid Ì„@°“@
96. Lead led Led #_T„²OKÇ°@
97. Lean leant Leant XH›"³á„¬ô䛽 =OQ®°@,P#°Hùx LO_È°@
98. Leap leapt Leapt Q®O`Ç°° "͆Çò@
99. Learn learnt Learnt <Í~¡°óHù#°@
100. Leave left Left =^Îe "͆Çò@
101. Lend lent Lent J„¬ôæQê WKÇ°ó@
102. Let let Let J#°=°uOKÇ°@
103. Lie lay Lain LO_È°@,„¬_TLO_È
LO_È°@
104. Light lit Lit "³eyOKÇ°@
105. Lose lost Lost ‡éQù@°“Hù#°
106. Make made Made `džǶ~¡° K͆Çò@
107. Mean meant Meant J~¡Ö=ò K³„¬C@
108. Melt melted Molten H›iyOKÇ°@
109. Misdeal misdealt Misdealt `Ç„¬CQê x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
110. Misgive misgave Misgiven #=°àH›=ò …è䛽O_È°@
111. Mislay mislaid Mislaid XH›KË@Ì„\÷“ =°~¡KÇ°@
112. Mislead misled Midled `Ç„¬C^¥i…Õ Ì„@°“@
113. Misspell misspelt Misspelt `Ç„¬CQê JH›Æ~Œ° KÇ^ΰ=ô@
114. Misspend misspent Misspent =$^¥ Y~¡°ó K͆Çò@
115. Mistake mistook Mistaken `Ç„¬CQê f‹¬°Hù#°@
116. Misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood J‡=~¡Ö=ò KÍ‹²Hù#°@
117. Mow mowed Mown `Çy¾OKÇ°,H›uëiOz"͆Çò
118. Outbid outbade,outbid outbidden,outbid Z䛽ø= ^Î~¡ WKÇ°ó@
119. Outdo outdid Outdone JkH›=òQê K͆Çò
120. outgo outwent Outgone ‚¬ì^ΰí^¥\÷‡é=ô(Y~¡°ó)
121. Outgrow outgrew Outgrown Z䛽ø=Qê Ì„~¡°Q®°@
122. Outride outrode Outridden "ÍQ®=òQê ª=ÞsK͆Çò
123. Outrun outran Outrun „¬ik ^¥\÷ „¬iQï `Ç°ë@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page6 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

124. Outshine outshone Outshone J^ΰÄv`Ç=òQêㄬHêtOKÇ°


125. Override overrode Overridden Z䛽ø=Qê ª=ÞsK͆Çò@
126. Overbear overbore overborne JkH› ‰×HQ÷ë ®, ƒì~¡O =‚²ìOKÇ°
127. Overcast overcast Overcast =°|°Ä° =ü‹¬°HùxLO_È°
128. Overcome overcame overcome JkH›q°OKÇ°@,[~òOKÇ°
129. Overdo overdid Overdone Z䛽ø=Qê K͆Çò
130. Overhang overhung Overhung Ì„á# ã"Í…ì_È°@
131. Overhear overheard Overheard Jㄬ†Ç°`Çß=òQê q#°@
132. Overlay overlaid Overlaid Z䛽ø= H›„¬CQê "͆Çò
133. Overleap overleapt Overleapt Ju xã^·é=ô@
134. Overlie overlay Overlain Ì„á#, g°^Î =ôO_È°@
135. Overrun overran overrun JkH›=°Q®°@
136. Oversee oversaw overseen „¬~¡¼"ÍH÷ÆOKÇ°@
137. Overset overset overset H›`Ç K³O^ΰ@
138. Overshoot overshot overshot XH› Q®°~¡°ë#° ^¥\÷ Hê°ó@
139. Oversleep overslept overslept Ju xã^Î
xã^·é=ô@
140. Overtake overtook Overtaken ^¥\÷‡é=ô@
141. Overthrow overthrew Overthrown Z䛽ø= ^ζ~¡O q‹¬°~¡°
142. Overwork overworked Overworked JkH› HêO „¬xK͆Çò@
143. Partake partook partaken ƒìQ®=ò „¬ôKÇ°óHù#°@
144. Pay paid paid K³eÁOKÇ°@
145. Prove proved proven x~¡¶„²OKÇ°@
146. Put put put LOKÇ°@
147. Read read read KÇ^ΰ=ô@
148. Rebind rebound rebound =°~¡ J@“ "͆Çò@
149. Rebuild rebuilt rebuilt „¬ô#ißiàOKÇ°@
150. Redo redid Redone =°~¡ K͆Çò@
151. Relay relaid Relaid LOKÇ°@,Ì„@°“
@,Ì„@°“@
152. Remake remade Remade =°~¡`džǶ~¡°K͆Çò@
153. Rend rent Rent „¬Q®°Qù@°“@
154. Repay repaid Repaid uiy K³eÁOKÇ°@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page7 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

155. Rerun reran Rerun =°~¡ „¬~¡°Qï `Ç°ë@


156. Reset reset Reset uiy J=°~¡°ó@
157. Retell retold retold uiy K³„¬ôC@
158. Rewrite rewrote rewritten =°~¡ ã"Œ†Çò@
159. Rid rid rid q_T„²OKÇ°@
160. Ride rode ridden ª=ÞsK͆Çò@
161. Ring rang rung ã"³¶yOKÇ°@
162. Rise rose risen L^Î~òOKÇ°@
163. Rive rived riven p°ó@
164. Run ran run „¬iQï `Ç°ë@
165. Saw sawed sawed xO„¬=ò`Ë HˆÇò@
166. Say said said K³„¬ôC@
167. See saw seen KǶKǰ@
168. Seek sought sought HË~¡°Hù#°@
169. Sell sold sold J=òà@
170. Send sent sent „¬O„¬ô@
171. Set set set J=°~¡°ó@,J‹¬ëq°OKÇ°@
172. Sew sewed sewn 䛽@°“@
173. Shake shook shaken H›^ΰó,P_TOKÇ°@
174. Shave shaved shaven HÆÒ~¡=ò K͆Çò@
175. Shear sheared Shorn [O`Ç°~Ë=¶° H›uëiOKÇ°@
176. Shed shed Shed ~Œ°ó@
177. Shine shone Shone ㄬHêtOKÇ°@
178. Shoe shod Shod …ì_È=ò°Hù@°“@
179. Shoot shot Shot Hê°ó@
180. Show showed Shown KǶ„²OKÇ°@
181. Shred shred shred À„eH›° K͆Çò@
182. Shrink shrank Shrunk =ò_È°KÇ°Hù#°@
183. Shrive shrove Shriven ‡=„¬q=òH÷ëx K͆Çò@
184. Shut shut Shut =ü†Çò@
185. Sing sang Sung ‡=_È°@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page8 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

186. Sink sank sunk,sunken =ò#°Q®°@


187. Sit sat Sat ä›U~ùó#°@
188. Slay slew Slain KÇO„¬ô@
189. Sleep slept Slept xãkOKÇ°@
190. Slide slid slid,slidden *ì~¡°@
191. Sling slung Slung q‹¬~¡°@
192. Slink slunk Slunk ^¥y‡é=ô@
193. Slit slit Slit HˆÇò@,p°ó@
194. Smell smelt Smelt "Œ‹¬# KǶKÇ°@
195. Smite smote Smitten Hù@°“@,ƒìkOKÇ°@
196. Sow sowed Sown q`Çë#=ò° KÇ°Á@
197. Speak spoke Spoken =¶\ìÁ_È°@
198. Speed sped Sped "ÍQ®=ò#° Ì„OKÇ°@
199. Spell spelt Spelt LKÇóiOKÇ°@
200. Spend spent Spent Y~¡°óÌ„@°“
óÌ„@°“@
201. Spill spilt Spilt =¼†Ç°=ò K͆Çò@
202. Spin spun,span Spun =_È䛽@
203 Spit spat Spat Lq°à"͆Çò@
204. Split split Split qƒ’lOKÇ°,p°ó
205. Spoil spoilt Spoilt K³_QÈ ù@°“@
206. Spread spread Spread "Œ¼„²OKÇ°@
207. Spring sprang Sprung Ì„áH÷ …èKÇ°@
208. Stand stood Stood x|_È°@
209. Stave stove Stove ~¡Oã^Î=ò K͆Çò@
210. Steal stole Stolen ^ùOyeOKÇ°@
211. Stick stuck Stuck JO\÷OKÇ°,JO@°Hù#°
212. Sting stang Stung 䛽@°“@
213. Stride strode stridden,strid JOQ®"͆Çò@
214. Strike struck struck,stricken Hù@°“@
215. String strung Strung H›@°“@,"Œ~òOKÇ°@
216. Strive strove Striven ã‰×=°„¬_È°@,‡é~Œ_È°@

Srinivasulu.jasti Page9 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

217. Sunburn sunburnt Sunburnt ZO_È^³|Ä `ÇQ®°°@


218. Swear swore Sworn ㄬ=¶}=ò K͆Çò@
219. Sweep swept Swept T_È°ó@, z=òà@
220. Swell swelled Swollen ‡ÚOQ®°@
221. Swim swam Swum D^ΰ@
222. Take took Taken f‹¬°Hù#°@
223. Teach taught Taught <ÍiæOKÇ°@
224. Tear tore Torn zOKÇ°@
225. Tell told Told K³„¬C@
226. Think thought Thought P…ÕzOKÇ°@
227. Thrive throve Thriven Ja=$kí K³O^ΰ@
228. Throw threw Thrown q‹¬°~¡°@
229. Thrust thrust Thrust |OQê <³@°“@,`ˆÇò@
230. Tread trod trodden,trod #_ÈKÇ°@,ã`ù䛽ø@
231. Unbend unbent Unbent =OQ®ä›½O_È°@
232. Unbind unbound Unbound H›„¬C…èx,H›„¬C…è䛽O_È
233. Underbid underbid Underbid `Çy¾Oz J_È°Q®°@
234. Undergo underwent Undergone ‡ÚO^ΰ@
235. Understand understood Understood J~¡ÖO KÍ‹¬°Hù#°@
236. Undertake undertook Undertaken „¬î#°Hù#°@
237. Upset upset Upset H›`Ç „¬~¡KÇ°@
238. Wake woke Woken "Í°…çø#°
239. Waylay waylaid Waylaid ^¥iHêz Ì„á#|_È°@
240. Wear wore Worn ^ÎiOKÇ°@
241. Weave wove woven,wove <͆Çò@
242. Wed wedded Wed q"Œ‚¬ì=¶_È°@
243. Weep wept Wept ^ΰ—d~KÇ°@
244. Win won Won Qï °KÇ°@
245. Wind wound Wound KÇ°@°“@
246. Withhold withheld Withheld xe„²"͆Çò@
247. Withstand withstood Withstood Z^ΰiOKÇ°,J_ÈÛyOKÇ°

Srinivasulu.jasti Page10 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

248. Work worked Wrought „¬xK͆Çò@


249. Wring wrung Wrung #°°„¬ô,„²O_È°@
250. Write wrote Written ã"Œ†Çò@
251. Abandon abandoned Abandoned q_TzÌ„@°“,=keÌ„@°“
252. Abase abased Abased hKÇ„¬~¡KÇ°,`Ç䛽ø=K͆Çò
253. Abash abashed Abashed ‹²Q®°¾„¬~¡KÇ°
254. Abate abated Abated `Çy¾OKÇ°,‰×q°O„¬K͆Çò
255. Abbriviate abbriviated Abbriviated ‹¬OãQ®‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°,䛽kOKÇ
kOKÇ°
256. Abdicate abdicated Abdicated „¬^Îqx `ǼlOKÇ°
257. Abduct abducted Abducted |…ì`Œø~¡=òQê f‹¬°Hùx ‡é=ô
258. Aberrate aberrated Aberrated <Œ¼†Ç° =¶~¡¾=ò `Ç„¬C@
259. Abet abetted Abetted K³_È°#° ã‡é`ǁ‚²ìOKÇ°
260. Abhor abhorred Abhorred ^ÍÞ+²~KÇ°
261. Abject abjected Abjected ã`Ë‹²"͆Çò,‡=~¡"͆Çò
262. Abjure abjured Abjured ㄬ=¶}=ò KÍ‹² q_TzÌ„@°“@
263. Abolish abolished Abolished ~¡^ΰí K͆Çò
264. Abort aborted Aborted Q®~¡Ävãª===ò [~¡°Q®°
265. Abound abounded Abounded qª=ë~¡=òQê H›ey
266. Abrade abraded Abraded J~¡Q®n†Çò,~¡°^ΰí
267. Abridge abridged Abridged ‹¬OãQ®‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°,䛽kO„¬ô
268. Abscond absconded Absconded ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼=òQê ‡=i‡é=ô
269. Absolve absolved Absolved q_È°^Î K͆Çò
270. Absorb absorbed Absorbed „Ô°ó, ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
271. Abstain abstained Abstained `ùey†ÇòO_È°,=¶#°Hù#°
272. Abuse abused Abused u@°“
273. Abut abutted Abutted P#°Hùx †ÇòO_È°
274. Accede acceded Acceded ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°,X„¬CHù#°Hù#°
275. Accelerate accelerated Accelerated "ÍQ®=ò Ì„OKÇ°
276. Accentuate accentuated accentuated <ùH÷ø K³„¬C
277. Accept accepted Accepted ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°
278. Accredit accreditted Accreditted #=òà@䛽 g…ÿá#

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VERB LIST:-

279. Acclaim acclaimed Acclaimed [†Ç° [†Ç° ^ÎÞ#°`Ë ª=ÞQ®`Çq°KÇ°ó


280. Acclimatize acclimatized acclimatized ãHù`Çë "Œ`Œ=~¡}=ò#䛽 J"Œ@°„¬_°È
281. Accommodate accommodated accommodated =‹¬u H›eæ~KÇ°@
282. Accompany accompanied accompanied "³O@ =KÇ°ó@
283. Accord accorded Accorded WKÇ°ó@
284. Account accounted Accounted =òO^ΰ"³oÁ=¶\ìÁ_È°@
285. Accost accosted accosted …ÿä›ø"͆Çò,Hê~¡}=ò K³„¬C@
286. Accredit accreditted Accreditted #=òà@䛽 g° H›eæOKÇ°
287. Accure accured accured ‹¬Oƒ’qOKÇ°,°, ‹¬‚¬ì[=òQê „¦¬eOKÇ°
288. Accumulate accumulated accumulated ä›U_ȃÿ@°“
289. Accuse accused Accused xO^Î"³¶„¬ô@, <Í~¡=ò "³¶„¬ô@
290. Accustom accustommed accustommed J"Œ@° KÍ‹¬°Hù#°@
291. Achieve achieved Achieved ª=kOKÇ°, ‹¬O‡=kOKÇ°
292. Acknowledge acknowledged acknowledged x[=ò X#CHù#°@
293. Acquaint acquainted Acquainted „¬iKdžǰ=ò K͆Çò@
294. Acquire acquired Acquired ‡ÚO^ΰ,‹¬O‡=kOKÇ°
295. Act acted acted #\÷OKÇ°
296. Actuate actuated Actuate ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
297. Adapt adapted Adapted ‹¬i„¬~¡KÇ°
298. Add added Added H›°„¬ô
299. Addict addicted Addicted ^ΰ~¡ƒ켋¬=ò K͆Çò
300. Address addressed Addressed =¶\ìÁ_È°,‹¬OƒÕkOKÇ°
301. Adduce adduced Adduced x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
302. Adhere adhered Adhered JO@°Hù#°, J#°‹¬iOKÇ°
303. Adjoin adjoined Adjoined ㄬH›ø#°#ß
304. Adjourn adjourned Adjourned "Œ~ò^¥ "͆Çò
305. Adjudge adjudged Adjudged f~¡°C K³„¬ôC
306. Adjudicate adjudicated adjudicated "Œ¼[¼=ò# f~¡°C K³„¬ôC
307. Adjust adjusted Adjusted ‹¬iK͆Çò, KÇH›øk^ΰí
308. Administer administered administered „¬i‡=# K͆Çò
309. Admire admired Admired "³°KÇ°óHù#°

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310. Admit admitted Admitted …ÕxH÷~ŒxKÇ°ó@,‹¬=°àuOKÇ°


311. Admonish admonished admonished p"Œ@°Á Ì„@°“
312. Adopt adopted adopted JOwH›iOKÇ°,^Î`Ç°ë f‹¬°Hù#°@
313. Adore adored Adored Z䛽ø= ãÀ„=°`Ë „¬îlOKÇ°
314. Adorn adorned Adorned JOH›iOKÇ°
315. Adulate adulated Adulated =òY‹¬°ëu K͆Çò
316. Adulterate adulterated Adulterated H›bë K͆Çò
317. Advance advanced Advanced =òO^ΰO_È O_È°
318. Advert adverted Adverted ‹¬¶zOKÇ°, ZuëKǶ„¬ô
319. Advertise advertised Advertised ㄬH›@# K͆Çò
320. Advise advised Advised ‹¬‚¬ð WKÇ°ó
321. Aerate aerated Aerated Qêe `ÇQ®°°#@°Á JQ®„¬~¡KÇ°
322. Afear afeared Afeared ƒ’†Ç°Ì„@°“
323. Affect affected Affected |†Ç°@䛽
324. Affirm affirmed Affirmed ^Î$_È „¬~¡KÇ°
325. Affix affixed Affixed JO\÷OKÇ°
326. Affliate affliated Affliated KÍ~¡°óHù#°
327. Afflict afflicted Afflicted ƒìkOKÇ°
328. Afford afforded Afforded WKÇ°ó,H›°Q®K͆Çò
329. Aggrandize aggrandized aggrandized q‹¬ëiO„¬K͆Çò
330. Aggravate aggravated Aggravated ƒìkOKÇ°, K³~¡KÇ°
331. Aggregate aggregated Aggregated "³ò`Çë=ò ä›U_È°@
332. Aggrieve aggrieved Aggrieved ƒìkOKÇ°
333. Agitate agitated Agitated JÁH›…ÕÁ=òK͆Çò, H›=~¡ Ì„@°“
334. Agonize agonized Agonized zã`Ç=^ÎK͆Çò, ƒì^Î䛽 Q®°iK͆Çò
335. Agree agreed Agreed UH©ƒ’qOKÇ°, ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°
336. Aim aimed Aimed Q®°iKǶKÇ°
337. Alight alighted Alighted kQ®°, ãH÷O^Î䛽 kQ®°
338. Allege alleged Alleged <ùH÷øK³„¬ôC,ª=ä›
C,ª=䛽K³„¬ôC
339. Allocate allocated Allocated qƒ’lOKÇ°,WKÇ°ó
340. Allot allotted Allotted qƒ’lOKÇ° WKÇ°ó

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341. Allow allowed Allowed J#°=°uOKÇ°,‹¬=°àuOKÇ°


342. Alter altered Altered =¶~¡°C
343. Amaze amazed Amazed kãQ®Ä=° H›eyOKÇ°
344. Amble ambled Ambled x^¥#=òQê, fiH›Qê #_È°KÇ°
345. Ambush ambushed Ambushed =°~¡°Q®°# ^¥y†ÇòO_TÌ„á#|_È°
346. Ambulate ambulated Ambulated W@°,J@° u~¡°Q®°KÇ° ‡é=ô
347. Amend amended Amended ‹¬=iOKÇ°
348. Amplify amplified Amplified q‹¬ëiOKÇ°
349. Amuse amused Amused ‹¬O`Ë+¬Ì„@°“
350. Analyse analysed Analysed qƒ’lOKÇ°
351. Animate animated Animated ã‡=}q°KÇ°ó
352. Annihilate annihilated Annihilated <Œ‰×#=òK͆Çò,~¡¶„¬ô=¶„¬ô
353. Annoy annoyed Annoyed „Ô_TOKÇ°
354. Anoint anointed Anointed #¶<³`Ë ~¡°^ΰí@,JaÀ+H›=ò K͆Çò@
355. Antedate antedated Antedated =òO^Î\÷ `Íkx "͆Çò
356. Anticipate anticipated Anticipated =òO^ΰQê `³°‹¬°Hù#°
357. Apologize apologized Apologized H›Æ=¶„¬} J_È°Q®°@
358. Apostatise apostatised apostatised =°`Ç q‰§Þ‹¬O =^ΰ@
359. Appal appalled Appalled ƒ’†Ç°=ò H›°Q®*è†Çò
360. Appeal appealed Appealed =°#q KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
361. Appear appeared Appeared H›#|_È°
362. Appease appeased Appeased ‰§OuO„¬*è†Çò
363. Append appended Appended J#°|O^Î=òQê *è~¡°ó
364. Appeartain appeartained appeartained ‹¬O|OkOKÇ°
365. Applaud applauded Applauded "³°KÇ°óHù#°
366. Apply applied Applied W=°àx J_È°Q®°@
367. Appoint appointed Appointed x†Ç°q°OKÇ°
368. Apportion apportioned apportioned qƒ’lOz WKÇ°ó,„¬OzÌ„@°“
369. Appraise appraised Appraised "³ x~¡
x~¡â~òOKÇ°@
370. Appreciate appreciated appreciated Q®°}=ò#° "³°KÇ°óHù#°
371. Apprehend apprehended apprehended ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°,ƒ’†Ç°„¬_È°

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372. Apprentice apprenticed apprenticed „¬x<Í~¡°C@䛽 x†Ç°q°OKÇ°


373. Apprise apprised Apprised `³e†Ç°K͆Çò
374. Approach approached approached ‹¬g°„²OKÇ°
375. Appropriate appropriated appropriated J„¬‚¬ìiOKÇ°,`Ç#k KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
376. Approve approved Approved `Ç$„²ë „¬_È°, J#°=°uOKÇ°
377. Arbitrate arbitrated Arbitrated `ÇQ®=ô#° „¬i+¬øiOKÇ°@
378. Argue argued Argued "ŒkOKÇ
"ŒkOKÇ°, x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
379. Arouse aroused Aroused ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
380. Arraign arraigned Arraigned <Í~¡=ò "³¶„¬ô,`Ç„¬ôCKǶ„¬ô
381. Arrange arranged Arranged ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°
382. Arrest arrested Arrested Mÿá^ΰ K͆Çò
383. Arrive arrived Arrived =KÇ°ó
384. Arrogate arrogated Arrogated `Ç# ‚¬ì䛽ø Jx J_È°Q®°
385. Articulate articulated Articulated KÇH›øQê L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°
386. Ascend ascended Ascended Z䛽ø
387. Ascertain ascertained ascertained `³e‹²Hù#°
388. Ascribe ascribed Ascribed P~Ë„²OKÇ°
389. Ask asked Asked J_È°Q®°
390. Apperse appersed Appersed ^ζ+²OKÇ°
391. Aspire aspired Aspired P‰×„¬_È°,Ja+²OKÇ°
392. Assail assailed Assailed _™Hù#°@
393. Assassinate assassinated assassinated ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼=òQê ‚¬ì`ǼQêqOKÇ°
394. Adumbrate adumbrated adumbrated 䛽Á„¬ë=òQê
òQê `³e†Ç°K͆Çò
395. Assemble assembled Assembled ä›U~¡°ó, XH›\Q÷ ê KÍ~¡°ó
396. Assert asserted Asserted P^ÎiOz =¶\ìÁ_È°
397. Assess assessed Assessed „¬#°ßqkOKÇ°
398. Assign assigned Assigned x†Ç°q°OKÇ°, x~¡â~òOKÇ°
399. Assimilate assimilated Assimilated riâ~KÇ°Hù#°, ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
400. Assist assisted Assisted ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=ò K͆Çò
401. Associate associated Associated ‹¬‚¬ì"Œ‹¬=ò K͆Çò
402. Assort assorted Assorted `Ç~Q¡ ®`Ç°°Qê qƒ’lOKÇ°

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403. Assuage assuaged Assuaged L„¬‰×q°O„¬K͆Çò


404. Assume assumed Assumed T‚²ìOKÇ°,#\÷OKÇ°
405. Assure assured Assured #q°àOKÇ°,x‰×ó†Ç°=òK͆Çò
406. Astonish astonished Astonished P‰×ó~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°
407. Astound astounded Astounded kãQ®Ä=° „¬~¡KÇ°
408. Atone atoned Atoned `Ç$„²ë„¬~¡KÇ°
409. Attach attached Attached JO\÷OKÇ°,H›°„¬ô
410. Attack attacked Attacked Ì„á|_È°
411. Attain attained Attained ‡ÚO^ΰ
412. Attempt attempted Attempted ㄬ†Ç°ußOKÇ°
413. Attend attended Attended ‚¬ð[~¡Q®°@
414. Attest attested Attested ª=H›Æ=ò K³„¬ôC
415. Attract attracted Attracted PH›iÂOKÇ°
416. Attribute attributed Attributed Hê~¡}=ò H›#|~¡KÇ°
417. Augment augmented Augmented Ì„OKÇ°@
418. Augur augurred Augurred ƒ’q+¬¼`Ç°ë#° `³°„¬ô,K³„¬ôC@
419. Authenticate authenticated authenticated "Œ‹¬ë==ò#° `³°„¬ô
420. Authorize authorized Authorized JkHê~¡"³ò‹¬Q®°
421. Avail availed Availed „¬xH÷=KÇ°ó
422. Avenge avenged Avenged „¬Q®f~¡°óHù#°
423. Aver averred Averred ^Î$_È„¬~¡KÇ°
424. Avert averted Averted x"ŒiOKÇ°
425. Avoid avoided Avoided `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°
426. Avow avowed Avowed ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°
427. Await awaited Awaited HêKÇ°Hùx†ÇòO_È°
428. Babble babbled Babbled =pó~Œx=¶\ìÁ_È°,=^Î~¡°@
429. Baffle baffled Baffled z䛽ø„¬~¡KÇ°@
430. Bake baked Baked ~ù>ÿ“° Hê°ó
431. Balk balked Balked P‰§ƒ’OQ®=ò H›e¾OKÇ°
432. Bamboozle bamboozled bamboozled WOã^Î*ì=òK͆Çò, "³¶‹¬„¬ôKÇ°ó
433. Bandy bandied Bandied Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°@

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434. Banish banished Banished ^͉×|‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°


435. Banter bantered Bantered „¬i‚¬ð‹¬=òK͆Çò
436. Bash bashed Bashed fã==òQê Hù@°“
437. Bask basked Basked ‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ=ò# KÇeHêKÇ°Hù#°@
438. Baste basted Basted H›@°“@
439. Bate bated Bated `Ç䛽ø= K͆Çò
440. Bathe bathed Bathed ª=ß#=ò KÍ~òOKÇ°
441. Batter battered Battered fã==òQê Hù@°“
442. Bawl bawled Bawled J~¡KÇ°
443. Beatify beatified Beatified P#O^Î
P#O^Î=ò H›e¾OKÇ°
444. Beautify beautified Beautified JOH›iOKÇ°
445. Becall becalled Becalled =¶~¡°À„~¡°`Ë „²°KÇ°
446. Beckon beckoned Beckoned `Ç`Ë …èH› KÍu`Ë Ì‹áQ® K͆Çò
447. Becalm becalmed Becalmed ‰§O`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°
448. Befit befitted Befitted `Çy†ÇòO_È°
449. Befool befooled Befooled |°kí‚Ôì#°x K͆Çò
450. Befoul befouled Befouled =òiH÷ K͆Çò
451. Beg begged Begged †Ç¶zOKÇ°
452. Begird begirded Begirded KÇ°@°“Hù#°
453. Begrime begrimed Begrimed q°H÷øe =òiH÷ K͆Çò
454. Begrudge begrudged Begrudged J‹¬
J‹¬¶†Ç° K³O^ΰ@
455. Beguile beguiled Beguiled "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°
456. Behead beheaded Beheaded tOKÍó^Î=ò K͆Çò
457. Belabour belaboured Belaboured fã==òQê Hù@°“
458. Belch belched Belched ã`Í#°C
459. Beleaguer beleaguered beleaguered =ò@“_TOKÇ°
460. Believe believed Believed #=òà, q‰×ÞtOKÇ°
461. Bellow bellowed Bellowed ~¡OïH"͆Çò
462. Belong belonged Belonged K³Ok†ÇòO_È°
463. Bemoan bemoaned Bemoaned XH› q+¬†Ç°"³°Ø ^ΰd—KÇ°
464. Bemuse bemused Bemused ‹¬æ$‚¬ì `Ç„¬ôC#@°“ K͆Çò

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465. Benight benighted Benighted pH›\÷…Õ z䛽ø䛽x


466. Benumb benumbed Benumbed ‹¬æ~¡Å*ìý#=ò …è䛽O_¨ K͆Çò
467. Bepuff bepuffed Bepuffed q°ug°i ‡ÚQ®_È°@
468. Beseem beseemed Beseemed `Çy†ÇòO_È°
469. Besiege besieged Besieged =ò@“_TOKÇ°
470. Besmear besmeared Besmeared =òiH÷K͆Çò
471. Bespangle bespangled bespangled ㄬHê‰×=O`Ç=òQê JOH›iOKÇ°
472. Bespatter bespattered bespattered h\÷x ã`Ç°ˆ×ä#@°“ Hù@°“@
473. Bestir bestirred Bestirred „¬ôiHù°æ,ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
474. Bestow bestowed Bestowed WKÇ°ó
475. Betray betrayed Betrayed #q°àOKÇ° "³¶‹¬=ò K͆Çò@
476. Betroth betrothed Betrothed q"Œ‚¬ì=ò x‰×ó~òOKÇ°
477. Bewail bewailed Bewailed ^ΰd—KÇ°
478. Bewilder bewildered Bewildered kãQ®Ä=° H›eyOKÇ°
479. Bewitch bewitched Bewitched =°OãuOz =°#°+¬µ¼#° PH›iÂ~KÇ°
480. Bifurcate bifurcated Bifurcated ï~O_È°Qê qƒ’lOKÇ°
481. Bilk bilked Bilked "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°
482. Blabber blabbered Blabbered P…ÕKÇ# …èH› =^Î~¡°@
483. Blacken blackened Blackened J„¬H©iëK͆Çò,#°„¬ôK͆Çò
484. Blanch blanched Blanched ‡=e‡é=ô,`³Á‡é=ô
485. Blandish blandished Blandished =òY—‹¬°ëu K͆Çò
486. Blare blared Blared Q®iûOKÇ°
487. Blazon blazoned Blazoned |‚²ì~¡OQ®„¬~¡KÇ°
488. Bleach bleached Bleached KÇ°= K͆Çò
489. Blench blenched Blenched ƒ’†Ç°=ò`Ë ã䛽OQ®°
490. Blend blended Blended H›°„¬ô@
491. Blink blinked Blinked q°}°H›iOKÇ°
492. Blister blistered Blistered ƒç|Ä…ÿ䛽ø#@°“Qê Hê°ó@
493. Bloat bloated Bloated L|°Ä, "Œ†Çò
494. Blot blotted Blotted `Í=°#° „Ô°ó@
495. Blubber blubbered Blubbered ~Ë^Î# K͆Çò

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496. Blur blurred Blurred ‹¬æ+¬“=òQê `³e†Ç°ä›½O_È°#@°“ K͆Çò


497. Blurt blurted Blurted =^Î~¡°@, "ŒQ®°
498. Bluster blusterred Blusterred Qêe,"Œ#fã==òQê LO_È°@
499. Booze boozed Boozed q°ug°i ã`ŒQ®°
500. Borrow borrowed Borrowed J„¬ôCQê WKÇ°óHù#°
501. Bother bothered Bothered „Ô_OKÇ
TOKÇ°
502. Boycot boycotted Boycotted |‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°
503. Brag bragged Bragged _ÈO|=ò° K³„¬ôCHù#°@
504. Brand branded Branded =òã^Î"͆Çò
505. Brandish brandished Brandished ~¡−o„²OKÇ°
506. Breathe breathed Breathed ‰§ÞtOKÇ°
507. Brew brewed Brewed ‡=h†Ç
‡=h†Ç°=ò `džǶ~¡°K͆Çò
508. brighten brightened Brightened ㄬHê‰×=ò H›eyOKÇ°
509. Broaden broadened Broadened "³_ÈæQ®°#@°“ K͆Çò
510. Bruise bruised Bruised #Q®Qù@°“
511. Budge budged Budged H›^ΰ,H›keOKÇ°
512. Bulge bulged Bulged L|°Ä@, "Œ†Çò@
513. Bump bumped Bumped "³¶^ΰHù#°@, Hù@°“Hù#°@
514. Bungle bungled Bungled „¬xx‡=_È°K͆Çò,zO^Î~¡=O^Î~¡ K͆Çò
515. Burgle burgled Burgled ^ùOQ®`Ç#=òK͆Çò,HùÁQù@°“
516. Burke burked Burked `Ç„²æOKÇ°
517. Bury burried Burried „¬î_È°ó@
518. Bustle bustled Bustled ‹¬O^Î_TK͆Çò,Q®_Èa_È K͆Çò
519. Cachinnate cachinnated cachinnated J@“‚¬ð‹¬=òK͆Çò,aQ®¾~Q¡ ê#=ôÞ
520. Cajole cajoled Cajoled ‡Úy_T "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°
521. Calculate calculated Calculated …ÿH›øÌ„@°“@
522. Calumniate calumniated calumniated xO^΄¬~¡KÇ°
523. Calve calved Calved ^ζ_È#° D#°@
524. Cancel calcelled Cancelled ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò@,=¶„¦ÔK͆Çò@
525 .Centralize centralized Centralized öHOãnH›iOKÇ°@
526. Canvas canvassed Canvassed F@ÁïHá"Í_È°Hù#°@

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527. Capacitate capacitated Capacitated KÇ@“ㄬHê~¡=òQêJ~wH›


òQêJ~wH›iOKÇ°
528. Caper caperred Caperred ^ΰ=ò䛽@
529. Capitulate capitulated Capitulated ‰×~¡}°HË~¡°@
530. Capsize capsized Capsized `ÇãH÷O^ΰQ®°
531. Captivate captivated Captivated =°#‹¬°<ŒH›iÂ~KÇ°
532. Capture captured Captured ª=Þn#=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
533. Caress caressed Caressed =ò^ΰí…ì_È°@
534. Carouse caroused Caroused qO^ΰ…Õ=°^μ=ò „¬ôKÇ°óHù#°
535. Carp carped Carped z#ß`Ç„¬ôC° „¬@°“
536. Carry carried Carried "³¶‹¬°Hùx ‡é=ô@
537. Carve carved Carved zã`Ç=ò° K³ä›½ø@
538. Castigate castigated Castigated fã==òQê ^ÎO_TOKÇ°
539. Castrate castrated Castrated Z^ΰí䛽 q`Çë#=ò° Hù@°“@
540. Cater caterred Caterred ƒÕ[#=ò =_TÛOKÇ°
541. Cauterize cauterized Cauterized "Œ`Ç"͆Çò@, Hê°ó@
542. Cease ceased Ceased =¶#°Hù#°@,x°„¬ô@
543. Celebrate celebrated Celebrated „¬O_È°Q® "³ò. [~¡°„¬ô@
544. Centralize centralized Centralized öHOãnH›iOKÇ°@
545. Certify certified Certified „¬ã`Ç=ò WKÇ°ó@,x~¡¶„²OKÇ°@
546. Chaffer chafferred Chafferred ƒè~¡=¶_È°@
547. Champ champed Champed #=ò°@,Hù~¡°ä›½@½@
548. Chant chanted Chanted ‡=_È°@
549. Characterize characterized characterized H›Æ}=ò° `³°„¬ô@
550. Chasten chastened Chastened ^ÎO_TOz KÇH›ø„¬~¡KÇ°
551. Chastise chastised Chastised ^ÎO_TOKÇ°
552. Chatter chattered Chattered "ŒQ®°@,ãÀ„°@
553. Chaw chawed Chawed #=ò°@
554. Cheapen cheapened Cheapened KÇ=ôH›K͆Çò@
555. Cheat cheated Cheated "³¶‹¬„¬ôKÇ°ó
556. Cherish cherished Cherished =°‹¬‹¬°…Õ =ôOKÇ°Hù#°
557. Chew chewed Chewed #=ò°@

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558. Chirp chirped Chirped „¬ä›Æ½° H÷KÇH÷KÇ…ì_È°


559. Choke choked Choked T„²iu~¡Q®ä›½O_È K͆Çò
560. Chop chopped Chopped #~¡°ä›½@,`Ç~Q¡ ®°@
561. Cicatrize cicatrized Cicatrized Qê†Ç°=ò =¶#°æ@
562. Circulate circulated Circulated "Œ¼„²O„¬ *è†Çò
563. Circumvent circumvented circumvented "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°
564. Cite cited Cited L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°
565. Civilize civilized Civilized <ŒQ®iH›`Ç#° H›°Q®*è†Çò
566. Clamber clambered Clambered ã‰×=°`Ë Ì„áH÷ Z䛽ø@
567. Clamp clamped Clamped ayOKÇ°,„¬@°“Hù#°
568. Clap clapped Clapped KÇ„¬æ@°ÁHù@°“@
569. Clarify clarified Clarified q=iOz K³„¬ôC
570. Clash clashed Clashed XH›^¥xHùH›\÷ _™Hù#°
571. Clasp clasped Clasped HùïHø=ò#䛽 `ÇyeOKÇ°@
572. Classify classified Classified `Ç~Q¡ ®`Ç°°Qê qƒ’lOKÇ°
573. Claver clavered Clavered =¼~¡œ=òQê „¬°ä›½@
574. Cleanse cleansed Cleansed H›_È°Q®°
575. Clench clenched Clenched Q®\Q÷“ ê „¬@°“Hù#°
576. Climb climbed Climbed Z䛽ø
577. Clog clogged Clogged z䛽øHù#°,J_È°ÛHù#°
578. Close closed Closed =ü†Çò@
579. Clot clotted Clotted Q®_ÈÛH›@°“,À„~¡°Hù#°
580. Cloy cloyed Cloyed q~¡
q~¡H÷ëK³O^ΰ@
581. Clutch clutched Clutched Q®\Q÷“ ê „¬@°“Hù#°@
582. Clutter cluttered Cluttered zO^Î~¡=O^Î~¡ K͆Çò
583. Co-operate co-operated co-operated ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ°
584. Coax coaxed Coaxed =°Oz=¶@`Ë |°[ûyOKÇ°
585. Cobble cobbled Cobbled K³„¬ôC°ä›½@°“
@°“@,ƒìQ®°K͆Çò
586. coddle coddled Coddled ^Άǰ`Ë Q®=°xOKÇ°
587. Codify codified Codified À‹H›iOKÇ°
588. Coerce coerced Coerced |=O`Ç Ì„@°“

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589. Cogitate cogitated Cogitated n~¡É=òQê P…ÕzOKÇ°


590. Coincide coincided Coincided ‡ÚOkH› H›ey†ÇòO_È°
591. Collaborate collaborated collaborated H›e‹²„¬xK͆Çò
592. Collapse collapsed Collapsed „¬ye „¬_T‡é=ô@
593. Collate collated Collated ‹¬iKǶKÇ°
594. Collect collected Collected À‹H›iOKÇ°
595. Collide collided Collided "³¶^ΰHù#°
596. Combine combined Combined KÍ~¡°ó,UH©ƒ’qOKÇ°
597. Command commanded commanded P*ìý„²OKÇ°
598. Commemmorate. commemmorated commemmorated *ìý„¬Hê~¡í=òQê U~¡æ~¡KÇ°
599. Commence commenced commenced P~¡OaOKÇ°
600. Commend commended commended "³°KÇ°óHù#°
601. Comment commented commented "Œ¼Mì¼#=ò K͆Çò
602. Commit committed Committed K³_ÈÛ„¬x K͆Çò
603. Commune communed Communed ã„Ôu`Ë ‹¬Oƒì+²OKÇ°
604. Communicate communicated communicated `³e†Ç°K͆Çò
605. Compare compared Compared ‡é°ó@
606. Compel compelled Compelled |=O`Ç=ò K͆Çò
607. Compensate compensated compensated #+¬“„¬i‚¬ð~¡=ò K͆Çò
608. Compete competed Competed ‡é\©K͆Çò
609. Compile compiled Compiled ä›U~¡°æK͆Çò, À‹H›iOKÇ°
610. Complain complained complained „¦²~Œ¼^ΰ K͆Çò
611. Complicate complicated complicated z䛽ø H›eyOKÇ°
612. Comply complied Complied ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°
613. Compose composed Composed ä›U~¡°æ
614. Comprehend comprehended comprehended ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°, `³°‹¬°Hù#°
615. Compress compressed compressed <ù䛽ø
616. Compute computed Computed …ÿH›øK͆Çò
617. Conceal concealed Concealed ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼=òQê LOKÇ°
618. Concede conceded Conceded ‹¬=°àuOKÇ°
619. Conceive conceived Conceived `ÇOKÇ°,T‚²ìOKÇ°

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620. Concentrate concentrated concentrated UHêãQ®`Ç KǶ„¬ô


621. Concert concerted Concerted ‹¬‚¬ìH›iOKÇ°
622. Conciliate conciliated Conciliated ‰§O`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°,‹¬=¶^¥#„¬~¡KÇ°
623. Conclude concluded Concluded =òyOKÇ°@
624. Concuss concussed Concussed fã==òQê H›O„²OKÇ°
625. Condole condoled Condoled qKŒ~¡=ò#° `³°„¬ô
626. Confabulate confabulated confabulated „²KŒó‡=\÷ =¶\ìÁ_È°Hù#°
627. confess confessed Confessed X„¬CHù#°
628. Confirm confirmed Confirmed ‹²Ö~¡„¬~¡KÇ°
629. Conflagrate conflagrated conflagrated Hêeó"͆Çò@
630. Confound confounded confounded ヒ=°„¬~¡KÇ°
631. Confute confuted Confuted `Ç„¬C Jx x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
632. Congeal congealed Congealed Q®_ÈÛH›@°“
633 Congratulate. congratulated congratulated Ja#OkOKÇ°
634. Conjure conjured Conjured =°Oã`Ç`Ç~ã`Ç=ò#° ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ°
635. Connect connected Connected H›°„¬ô
636. Conquer conquered Conquered [~òOKÇ°, Qï °KÇ°
637. Conserve conserved Conserved *ìãQ®`,Çë ƒ’ã^΄¬~¡KÇ°
638. Consider considered Considered P…ÕzOKÇ°
639. Consist consisted Consisted H›ey†ÇòO_È°
640. Console consoled Consoled F^¥~¡°ó
641. Conspire conspired Conspired 䛽ã@„¬#°ß@
642. Constipate constipated constipated =°|^ÎíH›=ò K͆Çò
643. Construct constructed constructed xiàOKÇ°
644. Construe construed Construed J~¡œ=òK³„¬C,J#°=kOKÇ°
645. Consult consulted Consulted ‹¬‚¬ðJ_È°Q®°,‹¬OㄬkOKÇ°
646. Consume consumed Consumed =¼†Ç°=ò K͆Çò
647. Contain contained Contained H›ey†ÇòO_È°
648. Contaminate contaminated contaminated K³~¡KÇ°@
649. Contend contended Contended ‡é~Œ_È°,"ŒkOKÇ°
650. Continue continued Continued Hù#ª=yOKÇ°

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651. Confort conforted Conforted =OH›~¡K͆Çò


652. Contradict contradicted contradicted Hê^Î#°
653. Contrast contrasted constrasted ‡é°ó@
654. Contribute contributed Contributed KÇO^¥ WKÇ°ó@
655. Contuse contused Contused #Q®Qù@°“@
656. Converse conversed Conversed ‹¬Oƒì+²OKÇ°@
657. Convert converted Converted =¶~¡°ó@
658. Convey conveyed Conveyed f‹¬°Hù#°‡é=ô,`³e†Ç°K͆Çò
659. Convict convicted Convicted ^Ë+²†Ç°#°K³„¬C
660. Convince convinced Convinced X„²æOKÇ°@
661. Convoke convoked Convoked ‹¬=¶"͉ׄ¬~¡KÇ°
662. Copulate copulated Copulated ‹¬OƒÕQ®=òK͆Çò
663. Coquet coquetted Coquetted =„²OKÇ°
664. Correspond corresponded corresponded L`Çë~¡ã„¬`Ç°¼`Çë~¡=ò° [~¡°„¬ô
665. Corrugate corrugatted corrugatted =ò_È°`Ç°„¬_È°#@°“ K͆Çò
666. Corrupt corrupted Corrupted OKÇq°KÇ°ó
667. Count counted Counted …ÿH›øÌ„@°“
668. Counterfeit counterfieted counterfieted =°i†³°H›x=…ÿLO_È°,#H÷bQê
669. Cover covered Covered =ü†Ç ò
670. Cram crammed Crammed ä› U ~¡ ° ,ä› ½ ä› ½ øHù#°
671. Crash crashed Crashed Ì„^Î í ‰ × | í = ò`Ë „¬ Q ® ° °@
672. Crave craved Craved "Í_È°Hù#°,q°H÷øe HË~¡°Hù#°
673. Crawl crawled Crawled ã‡=䛽@
674. Create created Created xiàOKÇ°, ‹¬$+²“OKÇ°
675. Cremate cremated Cremated Hê°ó,‰×=^΂¬ì#=ò K͆Çò
676. Cringe cringed Cringed ƒ’†Ç°=ò`Ë =Oy†ÇòO_È°
677. Criticise criticised Criticised `LJÚ愬C° H›xÌ„@°“, q=°iÅOKÇ°
678. Crucify crucified Crucified "Ͱ䛽°Hù@°“,zã`Ç=^ÎK͆Çò
679. Crumble crumbled Crumbled #e„² ‡Ú_TK͆Çò
680. Crush crushed Crushed #°Q®Qù@°“
681. Cry cried Cried U_È°ó

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682. Cuddle cuddled Cuddled ‚¬ì`Ç°ëHù#°@,HÒyeOKÇ°Hù#°


683. Cultivate cultivated Cultivated ª=Q®°K͆Çò
684. Cumulate cumulated Cumulated =$kíK³O^ΰ
685. Curtail curtailed Curtailed `Çy¾OKÇ°
686. Dab dabbed Dabbed "³°ÁQê `Ç@°“
687. Damn damned Damned K³~¡KÇ°
688. Dance danced Danced #$`Ǽ=ò K͆Çò
689. Dangle dangled Dangled ã"Í…ì_ÈK͆Çò
690. Darken darkened Darkened pH›\÷K͆Çò
691. Darn darned Darned 䛽\÷“KÇH›ø|~¡KÇ°
692. Dash dashed Dashed "³¶^ΰ, q‹¬iHù@°“
693. Daub daubed Daubed „¬î†Çò@,J°ä›½@
694. Daunt daunted Daunted J^³á~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°
695. Dawdle dawdled Dawdled Hê=ò=¼~¡œ=ò K͆Çò
696. Daze dazed Dazed kQ®°°„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
697. Dazzle dazzled Dazzled KǶ„¬ô#° K³^Î~Q¡ ù@°“
698. Deaden deadened Deadened uq°ài„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
699. Deafen deafened Deafened K³=ô_È°K͆Çò
700. Debar debarred Debarred |‚²ì+¬$ø`Ç°x K͆Çò
701. Debase debased Debased hKÇ„¬~¡KÇ°
702. Debilitate debilitated Debilitated |=ò‡éQù@°“
703. Decamp decamped Decamped ‡=i‡é=ô
704. Decant decanted Decanted Ì„á`Í@#° =Oz"͆Çò
705. Decapitate decapitated decapitated `Ç#° #iH÷"͆Çò
706. Deceive deceived Deceived "³¶‹¬=òK͆Çò@
707. Decide decided Decided f~ŒàxOKÇ°,x‰×ó~òOKÇ°
708. Decipher deciphered Deciphered ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼ƒì+¬#° KÇ^ΰ=Q®°Q®°@
709. Declaim declaimed declaimed Lã^ÍH›=ò`Ë =¶\ìÁ_È°
710. Declare declared Declared ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°
711. Decline declined Declined H©Æ}÷OKÇ°
712. Decorate decorated Decorated JOH›iOKÇ°

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713. Decorum decorummed decorummed =°~Œ¼^ÎH›ey†ÇòO_È°


714. Decoy decoyed Decoyed P‰×KǶ„² f‹²Hù#°@
715. Decrease decreased decreased `Çy¾OKÇ°
716. Decry decried Decried ^ζ+²OKÇ°
717. Dedicate dedicated Dedicated JOH÷`Ç=ò
718. Deduce deduced Deduced T‚²ìOKÇ°
719. Deepen deepened Deepened …Õ`Ç°K͆Çò
720. Deface defaced Defaced ~¡¶„¬ô K³_QÈ ù@°“
721. Defend defended Defended ~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°
722. Degrade degraded Degraded ã`Ë‹²Ì„@°“
723. Deject dejected Dejected x~¡°`Œ‚¬ì=ò`Ë LO_È°
724. Deliberate deliberated Deliberated *ìãQ®`QÇë ê P…ÕzOKÇ°
725. Deliver delivered Delivered JOkOKÇ°
726. Delude deluded Deluded "³¶‹¬=òK͆Çò
727. Delve delved Delved ã`Ç=ôÞ@
728. Demand demanded Demanded ^³á~¡¼=òQê J_È°Q®°
729. Demit demitted Demitted L^˼Q®=ò =^ΰ@
730. Demolish demolished demolished <Œ‰×#=ò K͆Çò, „¬_Èã^ˆÇò
731. Demonstrate demonstrated demonstrated x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
732. Demoralize demoralized demoralized huK³_È°
733. Demur demured Demured PöHÆ„²OKÇ°@
734. Denote denoted Denoted `³°„¬ô
735. Denude denuded Denuded kQ®O|~¡=ò K͆Çò
736. Deny denied Denied Hê^Î#°@
737. Deodorise deodorised Deodorised H›O„¬ô‡éQù@°“@
738. Depart departed Departed |†Ç°°^Í~¡°
739. Depasture depastured Depastured "Í°†Çò,"Í°„¬ô
740. Depend depended Depended P^¥~¡„¬_È°
741. Deplore deplored Deplored =¼‹¬#„¬_È°@
742. Deploy deployed Deployed "Œ¼„²O„¬K͆Çò
743. Depose deposed Deposed „¬^ÎgKÇ°¼`Ç°x K͆Çò

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744. Deposit deposited Deposited XH›KË@ xÞ LOKÇ°@


745. Depress depressed Depressed x~¡°`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°
746. Derail derailed Derailed ï~á° „¬\ì“° `Ç„¬ôC
747. Deride derided Derided „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°,öQeK͆Çò
748. Derive derived Derived =ü=ò#°O_T ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
749. Descend descended Descended kQ®°@
750. Describe described Described q=iOKÇ°,=iâOKÇ°
751. Deserve deserved Deserved `Çy†ÇòO_È°
752. Desiccate desiccated Desiccated P~¡ƒÿ@°“
753. Designate designated Designated L^˼Q®„¬ô„¬\ì“ WKÇ°ó@
754. Desist desisted Desisted x°„¬ô@
755. Desolate desolated Desolated <Œ‰×#=ò K͆Çò@, x~Œà#°+¬¼=òK͆Çò
756. Despond desponded Desponded x~Œ‰×K³O^ΰ@
757. Despatch despatched despatched `ÇÞ~¡Qê „¬O„²"͆Çò@
758. Despise despised Despised hKÇ=òQê ƒìqOKÇ°
759. Despoil despoiled Despoiled ^ËKÇ°Hù#°
760. Destine destined Destined qkKÍedO„¬|_È°
761. Destroy destroyed Destroyed <Œ‰×#=ò K͆Çò
762. Detach detached Detached "Í~¡°K͆Çò
763. Detail detailed Detailed q=iOzK³„¬C@
764. Detain detained Detained P„¬ô, x°„¬
x°„¬ô
765. Detect detected Detected H›xÌ„@°“
766. Deter deterred Deterred x~¡°`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°
767. Deteriorate deteriorated deteriorated Q®°}=òK³_È°,
768. Determine determined Determined x~¡â~òOKÇ°
769. Detest detested Detested q~ËkOKÇ°,^ÍÞ+²OKÇ°
770. Dethrone dethroned Dethroned „¬^Îq#°O_T `ùyOKÇ°
771. Detonate detonated Detonated ãÀ„°ó@,Ì„^Ήí ×|í=ò`Ë À„°@
772. Detract detracted Detracted `Çy¾OKÇ°
773. Detrain detrained Detrained ï~á°#°O_T kQ®°
774. Devastate devastated Devastated ‡=_È°K͆Çò

Srinivasulu.jasti Page27 Of 78
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775. Develop developed Developed =$kíK͆Çò


776. Deviate deviated Deviated ^¥i`Ç„¬C
777. Devise devised Devised L‡=†Ç°=ò K͆Çò
778. Devolve devolved Devolved ƒì^μ`Ç#° =¶~¡°ó
779. Devote devoted Devoted JiæOKÇ°@
780. Devour devoured Devoured ãq°OQ®°@,P‰×
@,P‰Q× ê u#°@
781. Diagnise diagnised Diagnised "Œ¼kx Q®°iëOKÇ°@
782. Dictate dictated Dictated K³„²æ ã"Œ~òOKÇ°@
783. Die died Died KÇx‡é=ô@
784. Differ differed Differed qa#ß Jaã‡=†Ç°=ò H›eyLO_È°@
785. Differentiate differentiated differentiated `Í_¨#° `³e†Ç°K͆Çò
786. Diffuse diffused Diffused "³^Î[°Á
787. Digest digested Digested r~¡â=òK͆Çò
788. Dignify dignified Dignified QÒ~¡==ò#° H›eyOKÇ°
789. Digress digressed Digressed ^¥i`Ç„¬ôC
790. Dilate dilated Dilated q=~¡=òQê K³„¬ôC
791. Dilute diluted Diluted h~¡° H›e„² „¬°KÇ# K͆Çò
792. Diminish diminished Diminished `Çy¾OKÇ°@
793. Dine dined Dined ƒÕ[#=ò K͆Çò
794. Dip dipped Dipped =ò#°Q®°@
795. Direct directed Directed ^¥iKǶ„¬ô@
796. Disagree disagreed Disagreed |‚Ôì#„¬~¡KÇ°
797. Disable disabled Disabled qƒèkOKÇ°
798. Disallow disallowed Disallowed ‹¬=°àuO„¬ä›½O_È°
799. Disappear disappeared disappeared H›#„¬_ÈH›‡é=ô
800. Disappoint disappointed disappointed x~Œ‰×„¬~¡KÇ°
801. Disapprove disapproved disapproved x~ŒH›iOKÇ°
802. Disarm disarmed Disarmed x~Œ^ΰ†Çòx K͆Çò
803. Disarrange disarranged disarranged ãH›=°=ò KÍ~¡KÇ°
804. Disavow disavowed Disavowed `Ç#䛽 `³e†Ç°^Î#°@
805. Disband disbanded disbanded K³^Î~Q¡ ù@°“

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806. Disbelieve disbelieved Disbelieved #=°à䛽O_È°@


807. Disburse disbursed Disbursed ªÚ=òàK³eÁOKÇ°@
808. Discard discarded Discarded q_Tz"͆Çò
809. Diccern discerned Discerned `Œ~¡`Ç=°¼=ò `³°‹¬°Hù#°
810. Discharge discharged Discharged `ùyOKÇ°@
811. Disclaim disclaimed Disclaimed ‚¬ì䛽ø =^ΰ°Hù#°
812. Disclose disclosed Disclosed |‚²ì~¡OQ®=òK͆Çò
813. Discolour discoloured discoloured ~¡OQ®°#° Kù_ÈQù@°“
814. Discomfit discomfitted discomfitted F_TOKÇ°
815. Discompose discomposed discomposed ãH›=°=ò`Ç„²æOKÇ°
816. Disconcert disconcerted disconcerted ‰§Oux ƒ’OQ®„¬~¡KÇ°
817. Disconnect disconnected disconnected "Í~¡°K͆Çò
818. Discontinue discontinued discontinued xe„²"͆Çò
819. Discourage discouraged discouraged J^³á~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°
820. Discover discovered Discovered H›#°Qù#°
821. Discriminate discriminated discriminated ‹¬¶H›Æàƒè^Î=ò#° `³°„¬ô@
822. Discuss discussed Discussed `ÇiøOKÇ°,KÇióOKÇ°
823. Disdain disdained Disdained JH›Æ¼=ò K͆Çò
824. Disembark disembarked disembarked kQ®°=°u K͆Çò
825. Disengage disengaged disengaged q_T‡é=ô
826. Disfigure disfigured Disfigured ~¡¶„¬ô K³_QÈ ù@°“
827. Disgorge disgorged Disgorged "ŒOu KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
828. Dishearten disheartened disheartened J^³á~¡¼„¬~¡KÇ°
829. Dishevel dishevelled Dishevelled A@°“q~¡ƒÕ‹¬°Hù#°@
830. Disillusion disillusioned disillusioned ヒ=°#°`ùyOKÇ°Hù#°
831. Disinfect disinfected Disinfected ~ËQ®ãH÷=ò#° `ùyOKÇ°
832. Disinherit disinheritted disinheritted "Œ~¡‹¬`ÇÞ=ò#° ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò
833. Disintegrate disintegrated disintegrated tk"³°Ø‡é=ô
834. Disinter disintered Disintered „¬î_Tó#^¥xx ã`Ç=ôÞ@
835. Disjoin disjoined Disjoined "Í~¡°K͆Çò
836. Disjoint disjointed Disjointed |O^Î=ò#° q_Èn†Çò

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837. Dislocate dislocated Dislocated ª=œ#=ò =^Îe"͆Çò


838. Dislodge dislodged Dislodged ª=Ö#=ò `Ç„²æOKÇ°
839. Dismantle dismantled Dismantled ª==¶#° f‹²"͆Çò
840. Dismiss dismissed Dismissed `ùyOKÇ°@
841. Dismount dismounted dismounted kQ®°,kO„¬ô@
842. Disnumber disnumbered disnumbered `Ç°#H›°K͆Çò@
843. Disobey disobeyed Disobeyed P[ý#° g°~¡°@
844. Disoblige disobliged Disobliged ã‡=~¡œ##° ‹¬=°àuO„¬ä›½O_È°@
845. Disown disowned Disowned Hê^Î#°@
846. Disparage disparaged Disparaged =°~Œ¼^Î…èH› =¶\ìÁ_È°
847. Dispel dispelled Dispelled ‡=~¡ã^ù°@
848. Dispense dispensed Dispensed „¬OzÌ„@°“
849. Disperse dispersed Dispersed "Œ¼„²OKÇ°,K³ki‡é=ô
850. Displace displaced Displaced ª=œ#=ò #°O_T `ùyOKÇ°@
851. Displease displeased Displeased HË„¬=ò H›eyOKÇ°
852. Dispose disposed Disposed Jq°à"͆Çò
853. Dispossess dispossessed dispossessed ‹¬ÞO`Ç=òQê L#ß^¥xx …ìQ®°Hù#°@
854. Disprove disproved Disproved `Ç„¬æx x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
855. Dispute disputed Disputed KÇ~¡ó K͆Çò, `ÇQ®°=ô…ì_È°
856. Disqualify disqualified disqualified J~¡Ý`Ç …è䛽O_È K͆Çò
857. Disrobe disrobed Disrobed =㋬ë=ò° …è䛽O_¨ K͆Çò
858. Disrupt disrupted Disrupted „¬Q®°Qù@°“,‡Ú_TK͆Çò
859. Dissatisfy dissatisfied Dissatisfied J‹¬O`Ç$„²ë H›°Q®K͆Çò
860. Dissect dissected Dissected =òH›ø° K͆Çò, ƒìQ®=ò° K͆Çò
861. Dissemble dissembled Dissembled #\÷OKÇ°,ƒì==ò°^¥KÇ°@
862. Disseminate disseminated disseminated KÇ°Á@
863. Dissent dissented Dissented "Í~¡° Jaã‡=†Ç°=ò° H›
864. Dissipate dissipated Dissipated =¼†Ç°=ò K͆Çò
865. Dissolve dissolved Dissolved K³^Î~Q¡ ù@°“,H›~¡yOKÇ°(h\÷…Õ)
866. Dissuade dissuaded Dissuaded K͆ǰ=^Îíx ƒÕkOKÇ°
867. Distil distilled Distilled HêzKÇ…ìÁ~¡°ó

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868. Distinguish distinguished distinguished ƒè^Î=ò#° `³°„¬ô


869. Distort distorted Distorted J‡=~¡í=ò K͆Çò
870. Distribute distributed Distributed „¬Oz Ì„@°“
871. Disturb disturbed Disturbed P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°
872. Disunite disunited Disunited "Í~¡°K͆Çò
873. Diverge diverged Diverged q_T‡é=ô
874. Divert diverted Diverted =°o¤OKÇ°
875. Divest divested Divested ‚Ôì#„¬~¡KÇ°
876. Divide divided Divided ƒìyOKÇ°, „¬OzÌ„@°“
877. Divulge divulged Divulged |†Ç°@ Ì„@°“,|‚²ì~¡OQ®„¬~¡KÇ°
878. Dodder doddered Doddered =}䛽@
879. Dodge dodged dodged `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hùx
°Hùx u~¡°Q®°@
880. Doff doffed Doffed \Õ„²Zuë QÒ~¡qOKÇ°
881. Dominate dominated Dominated Q®$‚¬ìr=#=ò PtOKÇ°
882. Domineer domineered domineered JkHê~¡=òK³…ì~òOKÇ°
883. Donate donated Donated KÇO^¥ ~òKÇ°ó
884. Douse doused Doused KÇ…ìÁ~¡°æ
885. Doze dozed Dozed 䛽#°ä›½,`ǶQ®°@
886. Drag dragged Dragged …ìQ®°@,D_È°ó@
887. Drain drained Drained ZO_È"͆Çò
888. Drawl drawled Drawled n~¡É=ò f‹² =¶\ìÁ_È°
889. Dread dreaded Dreaded ƒ’†Ç°„¬_È°,cuK³O^ΰ
890. Dredge dredged Dredged KÇ°Á@
891. Drench drenched Drenched `Ç_È°„¬ô@,=òOKÇ°@
892. Drift drifted Drifted h\÷…Õ Hù@°“Hùx ‡é=ô@
893. Droop drooped Drooped `Ç=OKÇ°
894. Drown drowned Drowned h\÷…Õ =òxy KÇx‡é=ô
895. Drowse drowsed Drowsed `Ƕy„¬_È°
896. Dub dubbed Dubbed l_È°Û„¬î†Çò
897. Duck ducked Ducked =ò#°Q®°@,=òOKÇ°@
898. Dwindle dwindled Dwindled ‹¬#ßy°Á,`Çy¾‡é=ô

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899. Dye dyed Dyed ~¡OQ®° "͆Çò


900. Earn earned Earned ‹¬O‡=kOKÇ°
901. Eavesdrop eavesdropped eavesdropped ‡ÚOzLO_T q#°@
902. Ebb ebbed Ebbed =_È‹²‡é=ô,WOH÷‡é=ô
903. Economize economized economized Y~¡°ó `Çy¾OKÇ°
904. Edify edified Edified *ìý#=ò Ì„OKÇ°Hù#°
905. Edit editted Editted ‹¬=iOz ㄬKÇ°iOKÇ°
906. Educate educated Educated KÇ^ΰ=ô K³„²æOKÇ°
907. Efface effaced Effaced =°#‹¬°#°O_T `Ç°_Tz"͆Çò
908. Effervesee efferveseed efferveseed ‡ÚOQ®°
909. Effuse effused Effused ㋬qOKǰ
910. Egg egged Egged ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
911. Ejaculate ejaculated Ejaculated P‰×¼~¡¼=ò`Ë `ÇÞ~¡Qê =¶\ìÁ_È°
912. Eject ejected Ejected |†Ç
|†Ç°@䛽 ã`ˆÇò
913. Elaborate elaborated Elaborated q‹¬ëiO„¬*è†Çò
914. Elapse elapsed Elapsed Hê=òQ®u K³O^ΰ
915. Elate elated Elated L‡ÚæOyOKÇ°
916. Elect elected Elected Z#°ßHù#°
917. Electroculate electroculated electroculated q^ΰ¼ã`Çæ"Œ‚¬
"Œ‚¬ì=òKÍ KÇO„¬ô@
918. Elevate elevated Elevated =°#‹¬°#° L`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°
919. Elicit elicited Elicited |†Ç°°„¬~¡KÇ°
920. Eliminate eliminated Eliminated `ùyOKÇ°
921. Elongate elongated Elongated ‡Ú_TyOKÇ°
922. Elope eloped Eloped ㄲ†Çòx`Ë ‡=i‡é=ô@
923. Elucidate elucidated Elucidated q=iOKÇ°
924. Elude eluded Eluded `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°
925. Emaciate emaciated Emaciated H›$tOKÇ°
926. Emanate emanated Emanated „¬ô@°“@,…èKÇ°@
927. Emancipate emancipated emancipated |O^Îq=òH÷ëK͆Çò
928. Emasculate emasculated emasculated Z^ΰí=$+¬}=ò#° Hù@°“@
929. Embark embarked Embarked F_ÈÌ„á ZH÷øOKÇ°

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930. Embarrass embarrassed embarrassed H›=~¡Ì„@°“


931. Embattle embattled Embattled †Çò^Î‹í ¬<Œß‚¬ì=ò K͆Çò
932. Embed embedded Embedded J=°~¡°ó@
933. Embellish embellished embellished JOH›iOKÇ°
934. Embezzle embezzled Embezzled #q°àWzó#^¥xx J„¬‚¬ìiOKÇ°
935. Embitter embittered Embittered ƒì^ÎH›eyOKÇ°
936. Emblazon emblazoned emblazoned ªÚQ®‹¬°Qê ‰×$OQêiOKÇ°
937. Embody embodied Embodied KÍ~¡°ó
938. Embolden emboldened emboldened ^³á~¡¼=òxKÇ°ó
939. Emboss embossed Embossed JH›Æ~¡=ò°Ì„á䛽O_È°#@°Á K³ä›½ø@
940. Embrace embraced Embraced HÒyeOKÇ°Hù#°
941. Embroider embroidered embroidered Q®°_ÈÛÌ„á 䛽@°Á "͆Çò
942. Emerge emerged Emerged `Ç\ì°# "³°„¬䛽 =KÇ°ó
943. Emigrate emigrated Emigrated =‹¬"³ˆ×ä
944. Emite emited Emited |†Ç°@䛽 ä›ä›½ø
945. Emphasize emphasized emphasized <ùH÷øK³„¬C
946. Employ employed Employed „¬x…Õ x†Ç°q°OKÇ°
947. Empower empowered empowered JkHê~¡q°KÇ°ó
948. Emulate emulated Emulated ‡é\©K͆Çò
949. Enable enabled Enabled ª==°~¡œ¼=ò H›eyOKÇ°
950. Enact enacted Enacted KÇ@“=ò U~¡æ~¡KÇ°
951. Enamour enamoured Enamoured P‰×H›ey†ÇòO_È°
952. Encage encaged Encaged „¬O[~¡=ò…Õ Ì„@°“
953. Encamp encamped Encamped |‹¬K͆Çò
954. Encase encased Encased =ü†Çò@
955. Encash encashed Encashed ~ùH›ø=òQê =¶~¡°ó@
956. Enchant enchanted Enchanted =°Oã`Ç=ò䛽 …çOQ®°
957. Encircle encircled Encircled KÇ°@°“Hù#°@
958. Enclose enclosed Enclosed KÇ°@°“Hùx LO_È°
959. Encompass encompassed encompassed KÇ°@°“Hù#°@
960. Encounter encountered encountered Z^ΰiOKÇ°,_™Hù#°

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961. Encourage encouraged encouraged ã‡é`ǁ‚²ìOKÇ°


962. Encroach encroached encroached PãH›q°OKÇ°
963. Encumber encumbered encumbered J„¬ôC`Ë LO_È°
964. Endanger endangered endangered P„¬^ÎH›eyOKÇ°
965. Endear endeared Endeared ㄲ†Ç°=°Q®°#@°“ K͆Çò
966. Endeavour endeavoured endeavoured ‡=@°„¬_È°
967. Endorse endorsed Endorsed P"³¶kOz ‹¬O`ÇH›=ò K͆Çò
968. Endow endowed Endowed P‹²ë ã"Œ~òOKÇ°
969. Endure endured Endured ‹¬‚²ìOKÇ°,F^¥~¡°óHù#°
970. Enervate enervated Enervated |‚Ôì#=ò K͆Çò
971. Enfeeble enfeebled Enfeebled |‚Ôì#„¬~¡KÇ°
972. Enfold enfolded Enfolded …ÕxH÷ =ò_È°KÇ°
973. Enforce enforced Enforced PKÇ~¡}…ÕxH÷ `³KÇ°ó
974. Enfranchise enfranchised enfranchised ‡Ï~¡‹¬`ÇÞ‚¬ì䛽øWKÇ°ó
975. Engage engaged Engaged „¬x…Õ x†Ç°q°OKÇ°
976. Engender engendered engendered U~¡æ~¡KÇ°,„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
977. Engraft engrafted Engrafted K³@°“JO@°^¥Þ~Œ "Í~ùH›K³@°“„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°@
978. Engrave engraved Engraved zã`Ç=ò° K³ä›½ø@
979. Engross engrossed Engrossed Ì„^Îí JH›Æ~¡=ò`Ë ã"Œ†Çò
980. Engulf engulfed Engulfed ãq°Oy"͆Çò
981. Enhance enhanced Enhanced JkH›=ò K͆Çò,Ì„OKÇ°
982. Enjoin enjoined Enjoined x†Ç°q°OKÇ°, P*ìý„²OKÇ°
983. Enjoy enjoyed Enjoyed J#°ƒ’qOKÇ°
984. Enlarge enlarged Enlarged q‹¬ëiO„¬*è†Çò
985. Enlighten enlightened enlightened ‹¬æ+¬“„¬~¡KÇ°
986. Enlist enlisted Enlisted *ìa`Œ `džǶ~¡°K͆Çò
987. Enliven enlivened Enlivened KÇ°~¡°ä›½„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
988. Enmesh enmeshed Enmeshed =…Õ z䛽øHù#°
989. Ennoble ennobled Ennobled Qù„¬æK͆Çò
990. Enquire enquired Enquired qKŒiOKÇ°
991. Enrage enraged Enraged HË„¬
HË„¬=òH›eyOKÇ°

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992. Enrich enriched Enriched "³°~¡°Q®°Q®kQê K͆Çò


993. Enroll enrolled Enrolled *ìa`Œ…Õ À„~¡° KÍ~¡°ó
994. Enslave enslaved Enslaved ƒìx‹¬Qê K͆Çò
995. Ensnare ensnared Ensnared =…Õ z䛽øHù#°
996. Ensue ensued Ensued J#°‹¬iOz =KÇ =KÇ°ó
997. Ensure ensured Ensured #=°àH›=ò WKÇ°ó
998. Entail entailed Entailed =O‰×‡=~¡O„¬~¡¼‚¬ì䛽ø ‡ÚO^ΰ@
999. Entangle entangled Entangled z䛽ø…ÕÁ „¬_È°@
1000. Enter entered Entered ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ°
1001. Entertain entertained Entertained q<Ë^Î
q<Ë^΄¬~¡KÇ°
1002. Enthrall enthralled Enthralled =°#‹¬°#° PH›iÂOKÇ°
1003. Enthrone enthroned Enthroned „¬^Îq WKÇ°ó
1004. Entice enticed Enticed P‰×KǶ„² =jH›iOKÇ°
1005. Entitle entitled Entitled ‚¬ì䛽ø H›eyOKÇ°
1006. Entomb entombed Entombed ‹¬=¶k…Õ „¬î_È°ó@
1007. Entrain entrained Entrained ï~á° Z䛽ø@
1008. Entrap entrapped Entrapped z䛽ø…ÕÁ Ì„@°“@
1009. Entreat entreated Entreated ã‡=iœOKÇ°
1010. Entrench entrenched Entrenched H›O^ÎH›=ò ã`Ç=ôÞ@
1011. Entrust entrusted Entrusted X„¬æyOKÇ°
1012. Entwine entwined Entwined "³°e"͆Çò
1013. Enumerate enumerated enumerated …ÿH›øq=~¡=ò° K³„¬C
1014. Enunciate enunciated Enunciated LKÇóiOKÇ°
1015. Envelope enveloped Enveloped =ü†Çò@
1016. Envenom envenomed envenomed „¬Q®QÌ® „OKÇ°@
1017. Envisage envisaged Envisaged =°#‹¬°`Ë KǶKÇ°@
1018. Epitomize epitomized Epitomized ª=~ŒO‰×=ò K³„¬C@
1019. Eqaualize equalized Equalized ‹¬=°=òQê K͆Çò
1020. Equip equipped Equipped ‹¬<Œß‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°@
1021. Eradicate eradicated Eradicated ~¡¶„¬ô=¶„¬ô@
1022. Erase erased Erased `Ç°_Tz"͆Çò@

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1023. Err erred Erred ‡Ú~¡|_È°@


1024. Erucate erucated Erucated ã`Í#°ó@
1025. Erupt erupted Erupted ^Î^ΰí°…èKÇ°
1026. Escape escaped Escaped `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°
1027. Eschew eschewed Eschewed ^ζ~¡=òQêLO_È°
1028. Escort escorted Escorted `Ë_È°Qê"³ˆ×ä
1029. Espouse espoused Espoused q"Œ‚¬ì=òKÍ‹¬°Hù#°
1030. Espy espied Espied H›#°Qù#°
1031. Establish established Established ª=œ„²OKÇ°
1032. Esteem esteemed Esteemed Qù„¬
Qù„¬æQê ƒìqOKÇ°
1033. Estimate estimated Estimated q°= x~¡â~òOKÇ°
1034. Estop estopped Estopped P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°
1035. Estrange estranged Estranged `ùQ®ã`ˆÇò
1036. Etch etched Etched ‹¬¶k`Ë ƒç=°à° K³ä›½ø@
1037. Eulogize eulogized Eulogized H©iëiOë KÇ°@,‡ÚQ®_È°@
1038. Evacuate evacuated Evacuated MìmK͆Çò,q‹¬iûOKÇ°
1039. Evade evaded Evaded `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°,`ùQ®°
1040. Evaporate evaporated Evaporated Pqï~á‡é=ô@
1041. Evict evicted Evicted |†Ç°@䛽 „¬O„¬ô,"³_ÈQù@°“
1042. Evince evinced Evinced ‹¬æ+¬“=òQê x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
1043. Evoke evoked Evoked „²e„²OKÇ°
1044. Evolve evolved Evolved x^¥#=òQê =$kíK³O^ΰ
1045. Exaggerate exaggerated exaggerated Ju‰×†³¶H÷Që êK³„¬C@
1046. Exalt exalted Exalted Qù„¬æª=œ#=ò# LOKÇ°
1047. Examine examined Examined „¬sH÷ÆOKÇ°,„¬ijeOKÇ°
1048. Exasperate exasperated exasperated HË„¬=ò`³„²æOKÇ°
1049. Excavate excavated Excavated ã`Ç=ôÞ@
1050. Excel excelled Excelled q°Oz#,Z䛽ø=Qê=ô#ß
1051. Exchange exchanged Exchanged Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°
1052. Excite excited Excited „¬ôiHù°æ,Lã^ÍH›=ò`³„²æOKÇ°
1053. Exclaim exclaimed Exclaimed Q®\Q÷“ ê öHH›"͆Çò

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1054. Exclude excluded Excluded q°#‚¬ð~òOKÇ°,|‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°


1056. Excommunicate. excommunicated excommunicated. |‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°,
1057. Excrete excreted Excreted =°e#=ò"³°„¬eH÷ „¬O„¬ô
1058. Exculpate exculpated Exculpated x~¡„¬~Œk Jx x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
1059. Excuse excused Excused =°xßOKÇ°,H›Æq°OKÇ°
1060. Execute executed Executed Lif†Çò
1061. Exemplify exemplified Exemplified L^¥‚¬ì~¡}`Ë KǶ„¬ô
1062. Exempt exempted Exempted q°#‚¬ð~òOKÇ°
1063. Exercise exercised Exercised Jƒ’¼‹²OKÇ°
1064. Exceed exceeded Exceeded JuãH›q°OKÇ°@
1065. Exert exerted Exerted L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°
1066. Exhale exhaled Exhaled ‰§Þ‹¬|†Ç°@䛽 q_È°KÇ°
1067. Exhaust exhausted Exhausted J‹¬@K³O^ΰ
1068. Exhibit exhibitted Exhibitted ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ°
1069. Exhilerate exhilerated Exhilerated L`Œ‚¬ì=ò„¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
1070. Exhile exhiled Exhiled ^͉×=ò#°O_T "³ˆ×¤Qù@°“
1071. Exhort exhorted Exhorted |°kíK³„¬C
1072. Exhume exhumed exhumed.. „¬î_Tó# ^¥xx |†Ç°@䛽 f†Çò@
1073. Exist existed Existed rqOz LO_È°
1074. Exonerate exonerated Exonerated x~Ëí+²†Ç°x x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
1075. Exorcise exorcised Exorcised ^Άǰ¼=ò#°`Ë°
1076. Expand expanded Expanded q‹¬ëiO„¬K͆Çò
1077. Expatiate expatiated Expatiated q‹¬ëiOz=¶\ìÁ_È°
1078. Expect expected Expected Z^ΰ~¡°KǶKÇ°
1079. Expediate expediated Expediated `ùO^Î~¡Ì„@°“
1080. Expel expelled Expelled "³ˆ×¤Qù@°“,|†Ç°@䛽 ã`ˆÇò
1081. Expiate expiated Expiated „¬i‚¬ð~¡=òK͆Çò
1082. Expire expired Expired Hê=ò=òy†Çò
1083. Explain explained Explained q=iOKÇ°
1084. Explode exploded Exploded ãÀ„°@
1085. Exploid exploided Exploided …샒=òHËi L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°

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1086. Explore explored Explored J<ÍÞ+²OKÇ°,„¬ijeOKÇ°


1087. Export exported Exported ZQ®°=°u K͆Çò
1088. Expose exposed Exposed |†Ç°°„¬~¡KÇ°
1089. Expostulate expostulated expostulated `Ç„¬æx "ŒkOKÇ°@
1090. Expound expounded Expounded q=iOKÇ°
1091. Express expressed Expressed `³e†Ç°*è†òÇ
1092. Expunge expunged Expunged Hù\÷“"͆Çò,K³i„²"͆Çò
1093. Exsiccate exsiccated Exsiccated ZO_ȃÿ@°“
1094. Extend extended Extended q‹¬ëiOKÇ°,‡Ú_TyOKÇ°
1095. Extenuate extenuated Extenuated `Çy¾OKÇ°
1096. Exterminate exterminated exterminated <Œ‰×#=ò K͆Çò
1097. Extiguish extiguished extiguished KÇ…ìÁ~¡°ó,P~¡°ó
1098. Extirpate extirpated Extirpated <Œ‰×#=òK͆Çò
1099. Extol extolled Extolled Hùx†Ç¶_È°,‡ÚQ®_È°
1100. Extort extorted Extorted |=O`Ç=òQê …ìQ®°Hù#°
1101. Extract extracted Extracted |=O`Ç=òQê ‡ÚO^ΰ
1102. Extradiate extradiated Extradiated <Í~‹¡ ¬°ëx JkHê~¡°䛽 J„¬æyOKÇ°
1103. Extricate extricated Extricated q_T„²OKÇ°
1104. Exude exuded Exuded ㋬qOKÇ°,Hê~¡°@
1105. Exult exulted Exulted [†Ç°=ò‡ÚO^ΰ@`Ë ‹¬O`Ë+¬ O`Ë+¬„¬_È°
1106. Fabricate fabricated Fabricated H›eæOKÇ°
1107. Facilitate facilitated Facilitated ‹¬°ƒ’`Ç~¡=ò K͆Çò
1108. Factorize factorized Factorized |í=ü=ò#° H›#°Qù#°@
1109. Fade faded Faded HêOu ‚Ôì#=°Q®°
1110. Fag fagged Fagged ã‰×=°K³
=°K³O^ΰ=~¡ä›½ „¬xK͆Çò
1111. Fail failed Failed q„¦¬=°Q®°
1112. Falsify falsified Falsified "³¶‹¬„¬ôKÇ°ó`ÇO„¬ô`Ë =¶~¡°æK͆Çò
1113. Falter faltered Faltered ‹¬OHËzOKÇ°
1114. Familiarize familiarized Familiarized ^ÎQ®¾~¡ À‹ß‚¬ì=ò U~¡æ~¡KÇ°
1115. Famish famished Famished „¬‹¬°ë„¬_T LO_È°
1116. Fascinate fascinated Fascinated "³¶‚²ìO„¬ *è†Çò

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1117. Fast fasted Fasted L„¬"Œ‹¬=òO_È°@


1118. Fasten fastened Fastened |OkOKÇ°
1119. Fate fated Fated qk,J^Î$+¬“=ò H›eyLO_È°
1120. Fatten fattened Fattened Hù=ôÞ LO_È°
1121. Favour favoured Favoured ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=ò K͆Çò,P^ÎiOKÇ°
1122. Fear feared Feared ƒ’†Ç°„¬_È°
1123. Federate federated Federated XH›\Q÷ ê K͆Çò, ä›U~¡°æ
1124. Feign feigned Feigned #\÷OKÇ°,ƒ’[# K͆Çò
1125. Felicitate felicitated Felicitated Ja#OkOKÇ°
1126. Ferment fermented Fermented „¬ôe"͆Çò@
1127. Fertilize fertilized Fertilized ª=~¡=O`Ç=òK͆Çò
1128. Fetch fetched Fetched ‡é~ò `³KÇ°ó
1129. Fidget fidgetted Fidgetted KÇ„¬=òQê u~¡°Q®°@
1130. Filch filched Filched ^ùOyeOKÇ°@
1131. Fill filled Filled xO„¬ô@
1132. Finish finished Finished =òyOKÇ°@
1133. Fix fixed Fixed ‹²œ~¡„¬~¡KÇ°
1134. Fizzle fizzled Fizzled KÇ°†Ÿ°=°x ‰×|í=ò K͆Çò
1135. Flabbergast flabbergasted flabbergasted P‰×¼~¡¼=òKÍ
=òKÍ H›`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°
1136. Flatten flattened Flattened ‹¬=°=ò K͆Çò
1137. Flatter flattered Flattered ‡ÚQ®_È°@
1138. Flaunt flaunted Flaunted _¨OaH›=ò ㄬ^ÎiÅOKÇ°@
1139. Fledge fledged Fledged ï~H›ø°‡ÚO^ΰ@
1140. Fleer fleered Fleered ZQ®`Œo K͆Çò@
1141. Flinch flinched Flinched [OH÷"³#°H›n†Çò@
1142. Flip flipped Flipped Ì„áH÷ ZQ®°~¡"͆Çò@
1143. Flirt flirted Flirted *ì_TOKÇ°,qkeOKÇ°
1144. Flit flitted Flitted `Ç°ã~¡°# Zyi‡é=ô@
1145. Float floated Floated `Í°@
1146. Flog flogged Flogged Hù~¡_¨`Ë Hù@°“@
1147. Flop flopped Flopped J„¬[†Ç°=ò <ùO^ΰ@

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1148. Flourish flourished Flourished Ja=$kí K³O^ΰ@


1149. Flout flouted Flouted „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°,xOkOKÇ°
1150. Flow flowed Flowed ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°@
1151. Fluctuate fluctuated Fluctuated =¶~¡°@,xH›_È…è䛽O_È°@
1152. Flush flushed Flushed "ÍQ®=òQê ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°
1153. Fluster flustered Flustered `ÇaÄ|°ÄJQ®°@
1154. Foin foined Foined H›uë`Ë ‡Ú_È°KÇ°@
1155. Foist foisted Foisted Kù„²æOKÇ°.…ÕxH÷ ^ζ~¡°
1156. Follow followed Followed J#°‹¬iOKÇ°@
1157. Foment fomented Fomented Hꄬ_È=ò K͆Çò
1158. Fondle fondled Fondled …ìeOKÇ°,=ò^¥í_È°
1159. Foozle foozled Foozled „¬xx ‡=_È°K͆Çò
1160. Foredain foredained Foredained =òO^ΰQê x†Ç°q°OKÇ°
1161. Foreshadow foreshadowed foreshadowed =òO^ΰQê Ì‚ìKÇóiOKÇ°
1162. Forestall forestalled Forestalled =òO^ΰQê PãH›q°OKÇ°Hù#°
1163. Forewarn forewarned Forewarned =òO^ΰQê Ì‚ìKÇóiH›K͆Çò
1164. Forfiet forfieted Forfieted Jã‰×^Îí =# #+¬“„¬_È°
1165. Forgather forgathered forgathered ‹¬=¶"͉×=°Q®°
1166. Formulate formulated Formulated x~¡ÞKÇ#=ò K³„¬C
1167. Fortify fortified Fortified |„¬~¡°KÇ°
1168. Foster fostered Fostered ã‰×^Îí`Ë Ì„OKÇ°,‡é+²OKÇ°
1169. Found founded Founded ª=œ„²OKÇ°
1170. Frame framed Framed U~¡æ~¡KÇ°
1171. Fraternize fraternized Fraternized SH›¼=òQê LO_È°
1172. Frighten frightened Frightened ƒ’†Ç°Ì„@°“
1173. Frisk frisked Frisked ^ΰ=ò䛽…ì_È°
1174. Fritter frittered Frittered HùOK³O HùOK³OQê =$^¥Qê K͆Çò
1175. Frown frowned Frowned =òY=ò z\÷ÁOKÇ°
1176. Fructify fructified Fructified „¦¬=òxKÇ°ó
1177. Frustrate frustrated Frustrated H›`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°
1178. Fry fried Fried "Í~òOKÇ°

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1179. Fulfil fulfilled Fulfilled <³~¡"Í~¡°ó@


1180. Fumble fumbled Fumbled `ÇaÄ|ÄQ®°@
1181. Fumigate fumigated Fumigated ‡ÚQ®"‹Í ² ‰×Ãヒ„¬~¡KÇ°
1182. Furbish furbished Furbished ~¡°kí `Lj×`Lj×"³°i†Çò#@°“ K͆Çò
1183. Furl furled Furled KÇ°@°“@
1184. Furnish furnished Furnished J=°~¡°ó@
1185. Fuse fused Fused H›~Q¡ ®°,H›~¡yOKÇ°@
1186. Gabble gabbeld Gabbled =^Î~¡°@, ãÀ„°@
1187. Gallop gallopped Gallopped "ÍQ®=òQê Q®°ã~¡=ò=…ÿ „¬~¡°Qï `Ç°ë@
1188. Galop galopped Galopped <Œ@¼=¶_È°@
1189. Galvanize galvanized Galvanized q^ΰ¼`Ç°‰ë ×H÷ë ㄬ†³¶yOKÇ°
1190. Gamble gambled Gambled E^Î=¶_È°@
1191. Gambol gambolled Gambolled Q®O`Ç°° "͆Çò@
1192. Gape gaped Gaped P=ôeOKÇ°, <Ë~¡° `³~¡KÇ°
1193. Garble garbled Garbled ã‰õ+¬“"³°Ø#^¥xx Z#°ßHù#°@
1194. Gargle gargled Gargled „¬ôH÷øeOKÇ°@
1195. Gasp gasped Gasped H›+“=¬ òQê T„²i „Ô°‹¬¶ë =¶\ìÁ_È°@
1196. Gather gathered Gathered À‹H›iOKÇ°, =üQ®°@
1197. Gauge gauged Gauged Hù°KÇ° ‰×H÷ëx x~¡â~òOKÇ°@
1198. Gaze gazed Gazed `Í~¡°KǶKÇ°@
1199. Generalize generalized Generalized ª==¶#¼=òQê ƒìqOz x~¡â~òOKÇ°
1200. Generate generated Generated L`Çæuë K͆Çò@
1201. Germinate germinated Germinated JO䛽iOKÇ°,"³òïH`Ç°ë
1202. Gesticulate gesticulated gesticulated Ja#~òOKÇ°
1203. Gibber gibbered Gibbered "ÍQ®=òQê =¶\ìÁ_È°@
1204. Giggle giggled Giggled =ò‹²=ò‹² ò‹²#=ôÞ° #=ôÞ@
1205. Glare glared Glared H›#°° K³^ΰ~¡°#@°Á "³°~¡†Çò@
1206. Glaze glazed Glazed J^Îí=ò ayOKÇ°@
1207. Glide glided Glided *ì~¡°@, [~¡°Q®°@
1208. Glimmer glimmered Glimmered q°}°ä›½q°}°ä›½ =°#°@
1209. Glisten glistened Glistened "³°~¡†Çò@, ㄬHêtOKÇ°@

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1210. Glitter glittered Glittered `Lj×`Çˆ× "³°~¡†Çò


1211. Gloat gloated Gloated "³¶‚¬ì=ò`Ë ‹¬O`Ç‹²OKÇ°
1212. Glorify glorified Glorified ‡ÚQ®_È°@
1213. Glow glowed Glowed "³°Q®°, ^QÎ ®^QÎ ® "³°~¡†Çò@
1214. Glut glutted Glutted JkH› P‚¬ð~¡q°KÇ°ó
1215. Goad goaded Goaded ã‡é`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°@
1216. Gobble gobbled Gobbled Q®°@ Q®°@ q°OQ®°
1217. Govern governed Governed U°@
1218. Grab grabbed Grabbed O„¦²°OKÇ°Hù#°@
1219. Grant granted Granted WKÇ°ó,^ΆǰK͆Çò
1220. Grapple grappled Grappled Ì„#°Q®°…ì_È°
1221. Grasp grasped Grasped JO^ΰHù#°,ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
1222. Gratify gratified Gratified ‹¬O`Ë+¬Ì„@°“
1223. Graze grazed Grazed „¬zóH› "Í°†Çò@
1224. Greet greeted Greeted =O^Î#=ò K͆Çò@
1225. Grieve grieved Grieved qKŒ~¡„¬_È°@
1226. Grin grinned Grinned WH÷eOz #=ôÞ@
1227. Grip gripped Gripped „²_TH÷e aQ®„¬@°“
1228. Groan groaned Groaned =ü@Q®@°“
1229. Grope groped Groped `Ç_È=ô Hù#°@
1230. Grovel grovelled Grovelled ã‡=䛽@,^ËQê_È
@,^ËQê_È°@
1231. Growl growled Growled Q®°~¡H›Ì„@°“@
1232. Grudge grudged Grudged W+¬“=ò …èH› Qù}°Q®° Hù#°@
1233. Grumble grumbled Grumbled ‹¬}°Q®°@
1234. Guard guarded Guarded Hê‡=_È°,~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°
1235. Guess guessed Guessed T‚²ìOKÇ°
1236. Gulp gulped Gulped Q®°@°ä›½ø# ãq°OQ®°
1237. Gurgle gurgled Gurgled ‹¬‹¬ HêQ®° ‰×|í=ò K͆Çò
1238. Gush gushed Gushed "ÍQ®=òQê ㋬qOKÇ°@
1239. Guzzle guzzled Guzzled P‰×Qê ƒ’°lOKÇ°
1240. Habituate habituated Habituated J"Œ@°„¬_È°

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1241. Hack hacked Hacked =òH›ø° =òH›ø°Qê #~¡°ä›½


1242. Haggle haggled Haggled ‹¬Þæ=ò#䛽 „¬@°“^Î K͆Çò
1243. Halt halted Halted x°„¬ô
1244. Halve halved Halved ï~O_È° ‹¬=°ƒìQ®=ò° K͆Çò
1245. Hamper hampered Hampered P@OH›=ò H›eyOKÇ°
1246. Handle handled Handled `Œä›½, L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°
1247. Hanker hankered Hankered J`Œ¼‹¬„¬_È°
1248. Happen happened Happened ‹¬Oƒ’qOKÇ°
1249. Harass harassed Harassed `ùO^Î~¡Ì„@°“, ƒìkOKÇ°
1250. Harden hardened Hardened H›i”#=ò K͆Çò
1251. Hark harked Harked ã‰×^QÎí ê q#°
1252. Harmonize harmonized harmonized ‡ÚOkH› „¬~¡KÇ°
1253. Hasten hastened Hastened `ÇÞ~¡ „¬~¡KÇ°
1254. Hate hated Hated ^ÍÞ+²OKÇ°
1255. Haunt haunted Haunted ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°
1256. Heal healed Healed ‹¬Þ‹¬Ö„¬~¡KÇ°,ƒìQ®°K͆Çò
1257. Hear heard Heard q#°@
1258. Hearken hearkened Hearkened PH÷OKÇ°
1259. Hearten heartened Heartened L`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°
1260. Heckle heckled Heckled L„¬<Œ¼‹¬ä›½x J_È°Ûㄬ‰×ß° "͆Çò
1261. Heighten heightened Heightened Z`Ç°ë K͆Çò
1262. Help helped Helped ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=ò K͆Çò
1263. Hesitate hesitated Hesitated ‹¬O^Í‚²ìOKÇ°, "³#°Hê_È°
1264. Higgle higgled Higgled #‹¬ ƒè~¡=¶_È°
1265. Hike hiked Hiked "ÍQ®=òQê #_È°KÇ°
1266. Hinder hindered Hindered P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°
1267. Hint hinted Hinted ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1268. Hire hired Hired J^³í䛽 f‹¬°Hù#°
1269. Hiss hissed Hissed |°‹¬Hù@°“
1270. Hobnob hobnobbed Hobnobbed H›‹² "³°‹² LO_È°
1271. Hoist hoisted Hoisted Ì„áïH`Ç°ë

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1272. Hoodwink hoodwinked hoodwinked H›#°° =ü†Çò


1273. Hop hopped Hopped XO\÷ Hêe g°^Î #_È°KÇ°
1274. Horrify horrified Horrified ƒ’†Ç°Ì„@°“
1275. Howl howled Howled J~¡°KÇ°,ä›U†Çò
1276. Huddle huddled Huddled Q®O^Î~Q¡ ˈ×=ò K͆Çò
1277. Hug hugged Hugged HÒyeOKÇ°Hù#°
1278. Hum hummed Hummed ~¡−°OHê~¡=ò K͆Çò
1279. Humanize humanized Humanized =¶#=`ÇÞ=ò H›ey†ÇòO_È°
1280. Hunt hunted Hunted "Í\ì_È°
1281. Hurl hurled Hurled ^ùiÁOKÇ°,q‹²i"͆Çò
1282. Hustle hustled Hustled |=O`Ç=òQê ã`ˆÇò
1283. Hypothecate hypothecated hypothecated 䛽^ΰ=,`ŒH›@°“°“Ì„@°“
1284. Hypothesize hypothesized hypothesized T‚²ìOKÇ°Hù#°
1285. Identify identified Identified Q®°iëOKÇ°Hù#°
1286. Ignite ignited Ignited Hê°ó,x„¬ôC~¡Q®°°ó
1287. Ignore ignored Ignored JH›Æ¼=ò K͆Çò
1288. Illtreat illtreated Illtreated x~Œ^Î~¡} K͆Çò
1289. Illuminate illuminated Illuminated "³°`Ç°~¡° H›ey†ÇòO_È°
1290. Illustrate illustrated Illustrated L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°
1291. Imagine imagined Imagined T‚²ìOKÇ°
1292. Imbibe imbibed Imbibed ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
1293. Imbue imbued Imbued =°#‹¬°# <Œ@°#@°Á K͆Çò
1294. Imitate imitated Imitated J#°H›iOKÇ°
1295. Immerse immersed Immersed =òOKÇ°
1296. Immigrate immigrated Immigrated q^͉×=ò#䛽 =zó x=tOKÇ°
1297. Immolate immolated Immolated |eWKÇ°ó, KÇO„¬ô
1298. Impair impaired Impaired |‚Ôì#„¬~¡KÇ°
1299. Impale impaled Impaled ‰×´=ò#° kOz KÇO„¬ô
1300. Impart imparted Imparted ƒÕkOKÇ°
1301. Impawn impawned Impawned `ŒH›@°“, 䛽^ΰ=
1302. Impeach impeached Impeached <Í~¡=ò "³¶„¬ô

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1303. Impede impeded Impeded P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°@


1304. Impel impelled Impelled ã‡é`ǁ‚²ìOKÇ°, ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
1305. Imperil imperilled Imperilled J‡=†Ç°=ò H›eyOKÇ°
1306. Impersonate impersonated impersonated #\÷OKÇ°(XH›i |^ΰ° "Í~ùH›~¡°)
1307. Impinge impinged Impinged `Œä›½, "³¶^ΰ
1308. Implant implanted Implanted KÇä›øQê <Œ@°Hù#°, …Õ`Ç°Qê ‡=`Ç°@
1309. Implicate implicated Implicated z䛽ø„¬~¡KÇ°
1310. Imply implied Implied ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1311. Import imported Imported kQ®°=°u K͆Çò
1312. Importune importuned Importuned „¬°=¶~¡°Á „¬^Í„¬^Í J_È°Q®°
1313. Impose imposed Imposed qkOKÇ°
1314. Impoverish impoverished impoverished H©Æ}÷O„¬K͆Çò
1315. Imprecate imprecated Imprecated ‰×„²OKÇ°
1316. Impress impressed Impressed =°#‹¬°…Õ =òã^Î"͆Çò
1317. Imprint imprinted Imprinted =°#‹¬°…Õ <Œ@°
1318. Imprison imprisoned Imprisoned K³~¡ª=…Õ |OkOKÇ°
1319. Impute imputed Imputed P~Ë„²OKÇ°
1320. Inaugurate inaugurated inaugurated ã‡=~¡OaOKÇ°,
1321. Incancerate incancerated incancerated K³~¡…Õ LOKÇ°
1322. Incapacitate incapacitated incapacitated „¬xH÷ ~Œä›½O_¨ K͆Çò
1323. Incarnate incarnated Incarnated ~¡¶„¬q°KÇ°ó
1324. Incinerate incinerated Incinerated |¶_T^Î J~ò‡é=ô
1325. Incite incited Incited „¬ôiHù°æ
1326. Incline inclined Inclined "Ρ@,
"Œ°@, =OQ®°@
1327. Include included Included H›°„¬ôHù#°
1328. Incorporate incorporated incorporated H›°„¬ô
1329. Increase increased increasedÌ Ì„OKÇ°, =$kí †Ç°Q®°
1330. Incubate incubated Incubated ãQ®°_È°Á ‡Ú^ΰQ®°
1331. Inculcate inculcated Inculcated ƒÕkOKÇ°, =°#‹¬°# <Œ@°Hù#°#@°“
1332. Incur incurred Incurred „¬_È°, ‡ÚO^ΰ
1333. Indemnify indemnified indemnified #+¬“=ò#° H›\÷“~òKÇ°ó

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1334. Indent indented Indented ‹¬Ö=ò q_È°KÇ°


1335. Indicate indicated Indicated ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1336. Indict indicted Indicted <Í~¡=ò "³¶„¬ô
1337. Induce induced Induced ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
1338. Indulge indulged Indulged |‚¬•=°u WKÇ°ó
1339. Industrialize industrialized industrialized „¬iã‰×=°`Ë xO„¬ô
1340. Infect infected Infected ~ËQ®=ò#° JO\÷OKÇ°
1341. Infest infested Infested L„¬ã^Î==ò K͆Çò
1342. Infiltrate infiltrated Infiltrated =_ȃՆÇò
1343. Inflame inflamed Inflamed =°O@ƒÿ@°“,Hê°ó
1344. Inflate inflated Inflated QêexO„¬ô, T^ΰ
1345. Inform informed Informed `³e†Ç°*è†Çò
1346. Infringe infringed Infringed JuãH›q°OKÇ°, g°~¡°@
1347. Infuriate infuriated Infuriated HË„¬=ò=KÇ°ó#@°Á K͆Çò
1348. Infuse infused Infused ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
1349. Inhale inhaled Inhaled T„²i„Ô°ó
1350. Inherit inheritted Inheritted "Œ~¡‹¬‹`¬ ÇÞ=òQê ‡ÚO^ΰ
1351. Inhibit inhibitted Inhibitted P„¬ô, P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°
1352. Initiate initiated Initiated P~¡OaOKÇ°
1353. Inject injected Injected …Õ„¬ïHH÷øOKÇ°
1354. Injure injured Injured ‚¬ðxK͆Çò, K³~¡°„¬ô K͆Çò
1355. Inquire inquired Inquired qKŒiOKÇ°
1356. Inscribe inscribed Inscribed ‰§‹¬#=ò edOKÇ°
1357. Insert inserted Inserted …ÕxH÷ ã^ˆÇò
1358. Insist insisted Insisted x~¡ÄO^Î „¬~¡KÇ°
1359. Inspect inspected Inspected `Çxv K͆Çò
1360. Inspire inspired Inspired Qêex …ÕxH÷ „Ô°ó
1361. Install installed Installed LOKÇ°, ª=Ö„²OKÇ°
1362. Instigate instigated Instigated „¬ôiQù°„¬ô
1363. Instil instilled Instilled =°#‹¬°# <³Hù°æ
1364. Institute instituted Instituted U~Œæ@°K͆Çò

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1365. Instruct instructed Instructed <Í~¡°æ,L„¬^ÍtOKÇ°


1366. Insure insured Insured c=¶K͆Çò
1367. Integrate integrated Integrated XH›\Q÷ ê K͆Çò
1368. Intend intended Intended `ÇKÇ°, L^ÍítOKÇ°
1369. Intercede interceded Interceded `ÇiøOKÇ°
1370. Interchange interchanged interchanged „¬~‹¡ ¬æ~¡=ò =¶~¡°óHù#°
1371. Interefere interefered Interefered #_È°=° ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ°
1372. Interject interjected Interjected #_È°=° q‹¬°~¡°
1373. Interlace interlaced Interlaced J°Á@
1374. Interleave interleaved Interleaved „¬ô@ =°^μ Mìm =^ΰ °@
1375. Intermingle intermingled intermingled H›‹² "³°‹²
1376. Intern interned Interned K³~¡…Õ LOKÇ°
1377. Internationalise internationalised internationalised qq^Î *ì`Ç° ‹¬O~¡H›Æ} Qùx‡é=ô
1378. Interpose interposed interposed #_È°=° LOKÇ°
1379. Interpret interpreted interpreted J~¡í=ò K³„¬ôC
1380. Interrogate interrogated interrogated ㄬtßOKÇ°
1381. Interrupt interrupted interrupted J_È°ÛHù#°
1382. Intersect intersected intersected ï~O_È°Q® HˆÇ
HˆÇò@
1383. Intersperse interspersed interspersed JKÇó@KÇó@ LOKÇ°
1384. Intervene intervened intervened #_È°=° =KÇ°ó
1385. Intimidate intimidated intimidated ƒ’†Ç°Ì„@°“
1386. Intoxicate intoxicated intoxicated ã`ŒQ®°#@°Á K͆Çò
1387. Introduce introduced introduced „¬iKdžǰ=ò K͆Çò
1388. Intrust intrusted Intrusted Kù~¡|_È°
1389. Inundate inundated Inundated X„¬æyOKÇ°
1390. Inure inured Inured ㄬ=‚²ìO„¬K͆Çò
1391. Invade invaded Invaded J"Œ@° „¬~¡KÇ°
1392. Invalidate invalidated invalidated ^ÎO_³`Ç°ë
1393. Invent invented Invented K³Á䛽O_È°#@°“ K͆Çò
1394. Invert inverted Inverted #¶`Ç#=òQê H›#°Qù#°
1395. Investigate investigated investigated `ÇãH÷O^ΰ° K͆Çò

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1396. Invigorate invigorated invigorated *ìãQ®`QÇë ê „¬ijeOKÇ°


1397. Invite invited Invited P‚¬ðÞxOKÇ°
1398. Invoke invoked Invoked L`Œ‚¬ì=ò#° H›eyOKÇ°
1399. Involve involved involved... ^Í=ôx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°OHù~¡ä›½ ã‡=iÖOKÇ°
1400. Irradiate irradiated Irradiated z䛽ø…Õ Ì„@°“
1401. Irrigate irrigated Irrigated ㄬHêtOKÇ°
1402. Isolate isolated Isolated "Í~¡°Qê LOKÇ°, ㄬ`ͼH÷OKÇ°
1403. Itenerate itenerated Itenerated XH›KË@°#°Oz "Í~ùH› KË@°H÷ ㄬ†¶Ç }÷OKÇ°
1404. Iterate iterated Iterated =°~¡ K³„¬C@
1405. Jabber jabbered Jabbered „¬xH÷~Œx =¶@…ì_È°
1406. Jade jaded Jaded J‹¬@ H›eyOKÇ°
1407. Jam jammed Jammed J}KÇ°, W~¡°ä›½ JQ®°
1408. Jeer jeered Jeered „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°
1409. Jeopardize jeopardized jeopardized J‡=†Ç°=ò#䛽 Pª=Þ^Î#=ò K͆Çò
1410. Jettison jettisoned Jettisoned q‹²i"͆Çò, ã`ˆÇ
ã`ˆÇò
1411. Jingle jingled Jingled Q®}Q®}^ÎÞx H›eyOKÇ°
1412. Jog jogged Jogged HùOK³O H›keOKÇ°
1413. Joggle joggled Joggled H›^ΰ, 䛽^ΰ„¬ô
1414. Join joined Joined [`ÇK͆Çò
1415. Joint jointed Jointed ‹¬O^ΰ#° KÍ~¡°ó
1416. Jolt jolted Jolted 䛽keOKǰ
1417. Jostle jostled Jostled Ì„á|_È°, ã`ˆÇò
1418. Jubilate jubilated Jubilated ‹¬O`Ë+¬=ò "³e|°KÇ°ó
1419. Juggle juggled Juggled Qê~¡_™ K͆Çò
1420. Jugulate jugulated Jugulated "Œ¼kx „¬O„¬ô
1421. Jumble jumbled Jumbled `Œ~¡°=¶~¡° KÍK͆Çò
1422. Jump jumped Jumped ^¥@°@, ^ΰ=ò䛽@
1423. Justify justified Justified <Œ¼†Ç°=°x |°°A=ô K͆Çò
1424. Kick kicked Kicked `Ç#°ß@
1425. Kidnap kidnapped kidnapped |…ì`Œø~¡=òQê =°#°+¬µ¼#° Qùx‡é=ô
1426. Kill killed Killed KÇO„¬ô@

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1427. Kindle kindled Kindled Z`Ç°ëHùx‡é=ô


1428. Kiss kissed Kissed =ò^ΰí Ì„@°“Hù#°
1429. Knead kneaded Kneaded h~¡°‡é‹² „²‹¬°ä›½
1430. Knock knocked Knocked `Ç@°“@
1431. Lack lacked Lacked Hù~¡=Qê LO_È°
1432. Lag lagged Lagged "³#°H›|_È°
1433. Lament lamented Lamented U_È°ó
1434. Land landed Landed kQ®°, f~¡=ò KÍ~¡°
1435. Languish languished languished H©Æ}÷OKÇ°, |‚Ôì#„¬_È°
1436. Laud lauded Lauded ‹¬°ëuOKÇ°
1437. Laugh laughed Laughed #=ôÞ
1438. Launch launched Launched h\÷…Õ ã`ˆÇò
1439. Launder laundered Laundered LuH÷ KÇ°= K͆Çò
1440. Legalize legalized Legalized KÇ@“ ㄬHê~¡=ò
1441. legislate legislated Legislated KÇ@“=ò …è~¡æ~¡KÇ°
1442. Lengthen lengthened lengthened ‡Ú_TyOKÇ°, x_Tq Ì„OKÇ°
1443. Lessen lessened Lessened `ÇQ®°,¾ `Çy¾OKÇ°,
1444. Levigate levigated Levigated ‡Ú_TK͆Çò
1445. Levitate levitated Levitated Ì„áH÷ Zyi Qêe…Õ u~¡°Q®°
1446. Levy levied Levied qkOKÇ°
1447. Liberate liberated Liberated q_T„²OKÇ°
1448. Lick licked Licked Q®`ǰ䛽,<Œ°H›
,<Œ°H›`Ë <Œä›½
1449. Lift lifted Lifted Ì„áïH`Ç°ë
1450. Lighten lightened Lightened ƒì~¡=ò#° `Çy¾OKÇ°
1451. Liken likened Likened ‡é°ó
1452. Limp limped Limped 䛽O@°KÇ° #_È°KÇ°
1453. Linger lingered Lingered P‹¬¼=ò K͆Çò
1454. Liquefy liquefied Liquefied ã^Î= „¬~¡KÇ°
1455. Liquidate liquidated Liquidated =ü‹²"͆Çò
1456. Lisp lisped Lisped z#ß„²Á =…ÿ #OyQê =¶\ìÁ_È°@
1457. Listen listened Listened ã‰×^QÎí ê q#°

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1458. Litigate litigated Litigated "Œ[¼=¶_È°, „¦²~Œ¼^ΰ K͆Çò


1459. Live lived Lived „²=tOKÇ°
1460. Loathe loathed Loathed J‹¬"Œ¼„¬_È°
1461. Lob lobed Lobed Ì„áH÷ ZQ®°~¡°#@°“, Hù@°“
1462. Localize localized Localized XH›KË@ ‹²Ö~¡„¬~¡KÇ°
1463. Locate located Located ‹¬œ=ò#° H›#°Qù#°
1464. Loiter loitered Loitered ªé=°iQê u~¡°Q®°
1465. Loll lolled Lolled ã"Í…ì_È°
1466. Loosen loosened Loosened ‹¬_ÈeOKÇ°
1467. Loot looted Looted ^ËKÇ°Hù#°
1468. Lop lopped Lopped Hù=°à#° #~¡°ä›½
1469. Lounge lounged Lounged ªé=°iQê u~¡°Q®°
1470. Lubricate lubricated Lubricated #¶<³ „¬\÷“OKÇ°
1471. Lull lulled Lulled *Õ‡=_T xã^΄¬ôKÇ°ó
1472. Lurk lurked Lurked ‡ÚOz†ÇòO_È°, #䛽ø
1473. Lynch lynched Lynched qKŒ~¡} K͆ǰH› KÇO„¬ô
1474. Macerate macerated macerated <Œ#"Í‹² "³°`Çë|_È°#@°Á K͆Çò
1475. Mechanize mechanized mechanized †Ç°Oã`Ç„¬ô „¬xx x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°
1476. Mechinate mechinated mechinated 䛽ã@„¬#°ß
1478. Madden maddened maddened "³ãi ZuëOKÇ°
1479. Magnetize magnetized magnetized PH›iÂOKÇ°
1480. Magnify magnified Magnified Qù„¬æK͆Çò
1481. Magpie magpied Magpied Z䛽ø= J~¡z JÁi K͆Çò
1482. Maim maimed Maimed Qê†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°
1483. Maintain maintained maintained x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°
1484. Malign maligned Maligned ^ΰã+¬æKŒ~¡=ò K͆Çò
1485. Malinger malingered malingered J<Œ~ËQ®¼=ò #\÷OKÇ°
1486. Maltreat maltreated maltreated ãä›U~¡=òQê KǶKÇ°, xOkOKÇ°
1487. Manage managed Managed [i„²OKÇ°, #_T„²OKÇ°
1488. Manhandle manhandled manhandled =°#°+¬¼ ‰×H÷ëx ㄬ†³¶yOKÇ°@
1489. Manipulate manipulated manipulated <Í~¡°æ`Ë „¬xK͆Çò

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1490. March marched marched ãH›=°=òQê #_ÈKÇ°@


1491. Maroon marooned Marooned ‹¬=òã^Î=ò …èH› nq =òO^ΰ =^ΰ@
1492. Marry married Married q"Œ‚¬ì=¶_È°
1493. Masticate masticated masticated #q°e #q°e u#°
1494. Materialize materialized materialized x[=ò K͆Çò
1495. Maturate maturated Maturated „¬i„¬H›Þ`Ç#° K͆Çò
1496. Maul mauled Mauled Qê†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°
1497. Maunder maundered maundered JH›Æ¼=òQê ㄬ=iëOKÇ°
1498. Meddle meddled Meddled J#=~¡‹¬~¡=òQê
=òQê ㄬ"ÍtOKÇ°
1499. Mediate mediated Mediated =°^심Ö=ò K͆Çò
1500. Memorize memorized memorized H›O~”ˇ=~”¡=ò K͆Çò
1501. Mend mended Mended ‹¬iK͆Çò
1502. Mention mentioned mentioned ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1503. Merge merged Merged XH›\÷ K͆Çò
1504. Militate militated Militated Z^ΰiOz x°KÇ°
1505. Mince minced Minced =òH›ø° =òH›ø°Qê #~¡°ä›½
1506. Mingle mingled Mingled H›e†Çò, H›°„¬ô
1507. Minimize minimized Minimized `Çy¾OKÇ°,z#ßk K͆Çò
1508. Misapprehend misapprehended misapprehended J‡=~¡í=ò K͆Çò
1509. Misappropriate. misappropriated misappropriated JãH›=°=òQê L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°
1510. Misbehave misbehaved misbehaved `Ç„¬CQê #_È°KÇ°Hù#°
1511. Misconceive misconceived misconceived ‡Ú~¡‡=@° `ÇOKÇ°
1512. Misconstrue misconstrued misconstrued `Ç„¬CJ~¡í=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
1513. Misgovern misgoverned misgoverned ^ΰ+¬æi‡=# K͆Çò
1514. Misguide misguided misguided `Ç„¬C^¥i…Õ Ì„@°“
1515. Misinform misinformed misinformed x[=òHêx ‹¬=¶KŒ~¡=ò K³„¬ôC
1516. Misinterpret misinterpretted misinterpretted `Ç„¬CJ~¡í=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
1517. Mismanage mismanaged mismanaged `Ç„¬CQê x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
1518. Misplace misplaced Misplaced `ÇQ®x KË@ LOKÇ°
1519. Mispronounce mispronounced mispronounced `Ç„¬CQê LKÇóiOKÇ°@
1520. Misrepresent misrepresented misrepresented K³_È° Jaã‡=†Ç°=òxKÇ°ó

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1521. Misrule misruled Misruled JãH›=°=òQê ‡=eOKÇ°


1522. Miss missed Missed JO^ΰHË…èH›‡é=ô,Q®°i`Ç„¬C
1523. Mistrust mistrusted mistrusted #=°àH›†ÇòO_È°
1524. Misuse misused Misused ^ΰiÞx†³¶Q®„¬~¡KÇ°
1525. Mitigate mitigated Mitigated `Ç䛽ø=K͆Çò
1526. Mix mixed Mixed H›°„¬ô
1527. Moan moaned Moaned "³°ÁQê U_È°ó
1528. Mobilize mobilized Mobilized `džǶ~¡° K͆Çò
1529. Mock mocked Mocked „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°
1530. Modify modified Modified =¶~¡°ó,`Çy¾OKÇ°
1531. Modulate modulated modulated ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°.‹¬iK͆Çò
1532. Moister moistered Moistered `Ç_È°„¬ô,`Ç_TK͆Çò
1533. Molest molested Molested ƒì^ÎÌ„@°“
1534. Mollify mollified Mollified ‰§O`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°
1535. Monopolize monopolized monopolized ª=Þn#=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
1536. Mortify mortified Mortified fã=x†Ç°=°=òKÍ =‰×„¬~¡KÇ°Hù#°
1537. Mould moulded Moulded ‡é`LJé†Çò,~¡¶„¬=òxKÇ°ó
1538. Moult moulted Moulted ï~H›ø#° ~Œ°ó
1539. Mourn mourned Mourned ‰ÕH÷OKÇ°,^ΰ—dOKÇ°
1540. Move moved Moved H›^ΰ
1541. Moffle moffled Moffled KÇeH÷ H›„¬ôCHù#°
1542. Multiply multiplied Multiplied Ì„OKÇ°,=$kí K͆Çò
1543. Mumble mumbled Mumbled Qù}°Q®°@,‹¬}°Q®°
1544. Munch munched Munched ƒç䛽ø
1545. Murmur murmured Murmured Qù}°Q®°@
1546. Muster mustered Mustered ä›U_È°, KÍ~¡°
1547. Mutilate mutilated Mutilated "³òO_TK͆Çò
1548. Mutter muttered Muttered Qù}°Q®°@
1549. Mystify mystified Mystified `³e†Ç°ä›½O_È°#@°“ K͆Çò
1550. Narrate narrated Narrated q=iOz K³„¬ôC
1551. Nationalize nationalized nationalized ㄬƒ’°`ÇÞ P^Î~¡}䛽 `³KÇ°ó@

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1552. Naturalize naturalized naturalized ‡Ï~¡‹¬`ÇÞ ‚¬ì䛽ø#° H›°Q®*è†Çò


1553. Nauseate nauseated Nauseated J‹¬‚¬ì¼=ò „¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
1554. Navigate navigated Navigated ‹¬=òã^Î †Ç¶#=ò K͆Çò
1555. Necessitate necessitated necessitated J=‹¬~¡=ò H›°Q®K͆Çò
1556. Neglect neglected Neglected JH›Æ¼=ò K͆Çò
1557. Negotiate negotiated negotiated „¬~‹¡ ¬æ~¡ U~Œæ@°ä›½ `³KÇ°ó@
1558. Neigh neighed Neighed ‹¬H÷eOKÇ°
1559. Nestle nestled Nestled ‚¬ð~ò ‡ÚO^ΰ,‚¬ì$^Άǰ=ò#䛽 ‚¬ì`Ç°ëHù#°
1560. Nibble nibbled Nibbled HùOK³O HùOK³O HùiH÷ u#°@
1561. Nictale nictaled Nictaled H›#°ï~„¬æ "͆Çò
1562. Niggle niggled Niggled Hê=ò Q®_È°„¬„¬ô(J#=~¡‹¬~¡=òQê)
1563. Nip nipped Nipped yeÁ"͆Çò
1564. Nod nodded Nodded `Ç= J#°=°uxKÇ°ó@
1565. Nominate nominated nominated x†Ç°q°OKÇ°
1566. Notify notified Notified `³e†Ç° „¬~¡KÇ°
1567. Nourish nourished Nourished Jxßä›Uió Ì„OKÇ°, ‡é+²OKÇ°
1568. Nudge nudged Nudged "³¶KÍu`Ë ã`ˆÇò
1569. Nullify nillified Nullified K³ÁxkQê K͆Çò, ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò
1570. Nuzzle nuzzled Nuzzled =ò䛽ø J^ΰ=ò
1571. Obey obeyed Obeyed q^͆ǰ`ÇQê #_È°KÇ°Hù#°
1572. Oblige obliged Obliged |^ΰí_³á †ÇòO_È°@
1573. Obliterate obliterated obliterated `Ç°_Tz"͆Çò
1574. Obsess obsessed Obsessed Z䛽ø==°<Ë"Í^Î# H›eyOKÇ°
1575. Obstracize obstracized obstracized ^͉×=ò#°O_T |‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°
1576. Obstruct obstructed obstructed P@OH›=ò K͆Çò
1577. Obtain obtained Obtained ‡ÚO^ΰ@
1578. Obtiate obtiated Obtiated x"ŒiOKÇ°@
1579. Occupy occupied Occupied PãH›q°OKÇ°@
1580. Occur occurred Occurred ‹¬Oƒ’qOKÇ°@
1581. Offend offended Offended HË„¬=ò H›eyOKÇ°@
1582. Offer offered Offered WKÇ°ó

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1583. Officiate officiated Officiated Hê~¡¼=ò#° [~¡°„¬ôHù#°@


1584. Omit omitted Omitted q_TzÌ„@°“,=keÌ„@°“
1585. Ooze oozed Oozed Hê~¡°@
1586. Open opened Opened `³~¡KÇ°@
1587. Operate operated Operated #_T„²„O² KÇ°@
1588. Opine opined Opined `ÇOKÇ°,ƒìqOKÇ°
1589. Oppose opposed Opposed Z^ΰiOz x°KÇ°@
1590. Ordain ordained Ordained J}°KÇ°@,H›+¬“Ì„@°“
1591. Organize organized Organized x†Ç°q°OKÇ°@
1592. Originate originated Originated U~Œæ@°K͆Çò,x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°@
1593. Orcilliate orcilliated Orcilliated „¬ô\÷“OKÇ°@
1594. Oscilliate oscilliated Oscilliated T„¬ô@
1595. Oust ousted Ousted `ùyOKÇ°@
1596. Outlive outlived Outlived z~¡ª=œ~òQê LO_È°
1597. Overact overacted Overacted Jq°`Ç=òQê Q®°O„¬ô° H›@°“@
1598. Overawe overawed Overawed ƒ’†Ç°Ì„@°“
1599. Overcrowd overcrowded overcrowded q°ug°i Q®°O„¬ô° ä›U_È°
1600. Overflow overflowed overflowed ‡ÚiÁ ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°
1601. Overhang overhanged overhanged ‹¬Oƒ’qOKÇ°
1602. Overhawl overhawled overhawled „¬îiëQê =°~¡=°`Ç°ë K͆Çò
1603. Overload overloaded overloaded q°ug°i |~¡°"³H÷øOKÇ°
1604. Overlook overlooked overlooked H›Æq°Oz q_È°KÇ°@
1605. Overpower overpowered overpowered q[†Ç°=ò ‡ÚO^·ÚO^ΰ@
1606. Overrule overruled Overruled ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò
1607. Overstay overstayed overstayed xsâ`Ç Hê=ò#° q°Oz †ÇòO_È°
1608. Overturn overturned overturned `ÇãH÷O^ΰ°Qê K͆Çò
1609. Overwhelm overwhelmed overwhelmed #Q®Qù\÷“ ‡=_È°K͆Çò
1610. Overwork overworked overworked JkH› Hê=ò „¬x K͆Çò
1611. Owe owed Owed J„¬ôC„¬_T LO_È°
1612. Pacify pacified Pacified ‹¬=¶^¥# „¬~¡KÇ°@
1613. Paddle paddled Paddled „¬_È=#° #_È°„¬ô@

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1614. Palliate palliated Palliated L„¬‰×=°#=ò


°#=ò K͆Çò@
1615. Palpitate palpitated Palpitated Hù@°“Hù#°@,J^ΰ~¡°@
1616. Pamper pampered Pampered Ju ^Άǰ`Ë KǶKÇ°
1617. Pander pandered Pandered HËiH› H›°Q® K͆Çò@
1618. Paralyse paralysed Paralysed „¬H›Æ"Œ`Ç=ò# ƒì^΄¬_È°
1619. Parboil parboiled Parboiled `Ç䛽ø=Qê L_TH÷OKÇ°@
1620. Parch parched Parched "Í„¬ô, ZO_ȃÿ@°“
1621. Pardon pardoned Pardoned H›Æq°OKÇ°, =°xßOKÇ°
1622. Parry parried Parried `Ç„²æOKÇ°Hù#°@,P@OH›„¬~¡KÇ°@
1623. Parse parsed Parsed qq^Î ƒìQ®
ìQ®=ò° q=iOKÇ°
1624. Participate participated participated ‡=…ç¾#°
1625. Particularize particularized particularized ㄬ`ͼH÷Oz K³„¬C
1626. Pass passed Passed ^¥@°@,Q®_È°„¬ô@
1627. Patronize patronized patronized P^ÎiOKÇ°, ã‡é`ǁ‚²ìOKÇ°
1628. Pave paved Paved #°#°„¬ô „¬~¡KÇ°
1629. Peddle peddled Peddled zÁ~¡ =~¡ëH›=ò K͆Çò
1630. Peel peeled Peeled `Ë°=°KÇ°
1631. Peep peeped Peeped `ùOy KǶKÇ°
1632. Pelt pelted Pelted q‹²i "͆Çò
1633. Penalize penalized Penalized ^ÎO_TOKÇ°@
1634. Penetrate penetrated penetrated …ÕxH÷ ^ζ~¡°ó, Q®°KÇ°ó
1635. Perambulate perambulated perambulated J@°W@° ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°
1636. Perceive perceived Perceived KǶKÇ°, H›#°Qù#°
1637. Perch perched Perched „¬H÷Æ ä›U~ùó#°
1638. Percolate percolated percolated „¬_QÈ ù@°“
1639. Perforate perforated Perforated ~¡Oã^Î=ò K͆Çò
1640. Perform performed Performed x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°
1641. Perish perished Perished KÇKÇ°ó, #tOKÇ°
1642. Perk perked Perked `ÇÌ„áH÷ Z`Ç°ë
1643. Permeate permeated permeated KùKÇ°óHù#°, "Œ¼„²OKÇ°@
1644. Permit permitted Permitted J#°=°uOKÇ°@

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1645. Perorate perorated Perorated ㄬ‹¬OyOKÇ°@


1646. Peroration perorationed perorationed =òyO„¬ô =¶@° „¬°ä›½@
1647. Perpetrate perpetrated perpetrated ‡Ú~¡‡=@° K͆Çò
1648. Perpetuate perpetuated perpetuated =°~¡z‡é䛽O_È°#@°“ K͆Çò
1649. Perplex perplexed Perplexed kãQ®Ä=° H›eyOKÇ°, H›=~¡„¬_È°
1650. Persecute persecuted persecuted ƒìkOKÇ°,H›+¬“Ì„@°“
1651. Persevere persevered persevered ㄬ†Ç°`Çß=ò q_È=䛽O_È°@
1652. Persist persisted Persisted ‚¬ì~”¡=ò K͆Çò, „¬@°“„¬@°“
1653. Personate perosonated personated XH›xH÷ |^ΰ° ㄬ=iëOKÇ°
1654. Personify personified personified =¼H÷Që ® =iâOKÇ°@
1655. Perspire perspired Perspired K³=°@ ‡é†Çò@
1656. Persuade persuaded persuaded ‹¬=°àuO„¬K͆Çò
1657. Pertain pertained Pertained K³Ok†ÇòO_È°
1658. Perturb perturbed Perturbed KÇeO„¬ K͆Çò
1659. Peruse perused Perused ã‰×^QÎí ê KÇ^ΰ=ô

1660. Pervade pervaded Pervaded "Œ¼„²OKÇ°
1661. Pervert perverted Perverted K³_È°=¶~¡¾=ò#䛽 ãu„¬C
1662. Pester pestered Pestered `ùO^Î~¡Ì„@°“, „Ô_TOKÇ°
1663. Petrify pertified Petrified tQê =¶~¡°@
1664. Pick picked Picked f‹²Hù#°,ù#°, Z#°ßHù#°
1665. Pierce pierced Pierced ‡Ú_È°KÇ°Hùx ‡é=ô, ãQ®°KÇ°ó
1666. Pilfer pilfered Pilfered z#ß^ùOQ®`Ç#=ò K͆Çò
1667. Pinch pinched Pinched <ù䛽ø,y°Á
1668. Placate placated Placated ‰§O`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°,F^¥~¡°æ
1669. Plait plaited Plaited =°_È`ÇÌ„@°“, J°Á@
1670. Play played Played P_È°,P@…ì_È°,#\÷OKÇ°
1671. Plead pleaded Pleaded ã‡=iœOKÇ°
1672. Please pleased Pleased W+¬“„¬_È°,^ΆǰK͆Çò
1673. Pleck plecked Plecked T_Èn†Çò,Ì„~¡ä›½
1674. Plunge plunged Plunged =òOKÇ°, =ò#°Q®°
1675. Pocket pocketted Pocketted *è|°…Õ "Í‹¬°Hù#°

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1676. Poise poised Poised ‹¬i`Ƕy LO_È°


1677. Poke poked Poked ‡Ú_ÈKÇ°, ^ζ~¡°ó
1678. Polish polished Polished "³°~¡°Q®°K͆Çò,#°#°„¬ô K͆Çò
1679. Pollute polluted Polluted J„¬qã`Ç=ò K͆Çò
1680. Ponder pondered Pondered ƒìQ®°Qê P…ÕzOKÇ°
1681. Pooh-pooh pooh-poohed pooh-poohed „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°
1682. Popularize popularized popularized [<Œa=¶#=ò ‡ÚO^ΰ
1683. Populate populated Populated x=tOKÇ°, Hꄬô~¡=ò Ì„@°“
Ì„@°“
1684. Portend portended Portended Ì‚ìKÇóiH› K͆Çò
1685. Portray portrayed Portrayed „¬@=ò w†Çò
1686. Possess possessed possessed H›ey†ÇòO_È°, J#°ƒ’qOKÇ°
1687. Postdate postdated Postdated ~ŒƒÕ=ô `Íkx ã"Œ†Çò
1688. Postpone postponed postponed "Œ~ò^¥ "͆Çò
1689. Postulate postulated postulated J_È°Q®°
1690. Pounce pounced Pounced L#ß@°“O_T Ì„á|_È°
1691. Pour poured Poured ‡é†Çò
1692. Practise practised Practised Jƒ켋¬=ò K͆Çò
1693. Praise praised Praised Ja
Ja#OkOKÇ°, ‡ÚQ®_È°
1694. Prattle prattled Prattled t‰×Ã=ô=…ÿ „¬°ä›½@
1695. Pray prayed Prayed ã‡=iœOKÇ°
1696. Preach preached Preached L„¬^ÍtOKÇ°
1697. Precede preceded Preceded =òO^ΰO_È°,=òO^ΰ䛽‡é=ô
1698. Preclude precluded Precluded `ùyOKÇ°,`Ç„²æOKÇ°
1699. Preconceive preconceived preconceived =òO^ΰQê Jaã‡=†Ç°„¬_È°
1700. Predestine predestined predestined =òO^Í f~Œà#"³°Ø#
1701. Predict predicted Predicted *Õ‹¬¼=ò K³„¬ôC
1702. Predominate predominated predominated JkHê~¡=ò K͆Çò
1703. Prefer preferred Preferred ã‡=^¥#¼`Ç WKÇ°ó
1704. Prefix prefixed Prefixed =òO^ΰQê KÍ~¡°ó@
1705. Prejudge prejudged Prejudged =òO^ΰQê f~¡°æ x~¡â~òOKÇ°Hù#°
1706. Premediate premediated premediated =òO^ΰQê P…ÕzOKÇ
P…ÕzOKÇ°

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1707. Preoccupy preoccupied preoccupied =òO^ΰQê PãH›q°OKÇ°


1708. Preordain preordained preordained =òO^ΰQê x~¡â~òOKÇ°
1709. Prepare prepared Prepared `džǶ~¡°K͆Çò
1710. Preponderate ..preponderated ..preponderated JkH›=òQê LO_È LO_È°
1711. Prepossess prepossessed prepossessed ㄬƒì==ò H›ey LO_È°
1712. Prescribe prescribed prescribed =òO^ΰ ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1713. Preserve preserved Preserved ƒ’ã^΄¬~¡KÇ°,K³_T‡é䛽O_¨ KǶKÇ°@
1714. Preside presided Presided J^μH›Æ`Ç =‚²
=‚²ìOKÇ°
1715. Press pressed Pressed J}°KÇ°,J^ΰ=ò
1716. Presume presumed Presumed J#°Hù#°, T‚²ìOKÇ°
1717. Pretend pretended Pretended #\÷OKÇ°
1718. Prevail prevailed Prevailed q°H÷øe JkHê~¡=ò H›ey LO_È°
1719. Prevent prevented Prevented P„¬ô, x°„¬ô
1720. Prick pricked Pricked Q®°KÇ°ó,‡Ú_È°KÇ°
1721. Print printed Printed JKÇ°ó"͆Çò@, =òãkOKÇ°@
1722. Probe probed Probed „¬ijeOKÇ°,ªékOKÇ°
1723. Proceed proceeded proceeded =òO^ΰ䛽 ‡é=ô@
1724. Proclaim proclaimed proclaimed ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°
1725. Procrastinate procrastinated procrastinated P‹¬¼=ò K͆Çò
1726. Procure procured Procured À‹H›iOKÇ°
1727. Produce produced Produced L`Çæuë K͆Çò
1728. Profess professed Professed ƒÕkOKÇ°
1729. Proffer proffered Proffered L^ÍítOKÇ°,W=ÞƒÕ=ô
1730. Prohibit prohibited Prohibited xÀ+kOKÇ°
1731. Project projected Projected †ÇòH÷ëK͆Çò
1732. Prolong prolonged Prolonged ‡Ú_TyOKÇ°
1733. Promote promoted Promoted L#ß`Ç„¬^Îqx WKÇ°ó
1734. Promulgate promulgated promulgated ㄬH›@# K͆Çò
1735. Pronounce pronounced pronounced „¬°ä›½,LKÇóiOKÇ°
1736. Propagate propagated propagated ㄬKŒ~¡=ò K͆Çò
1737. Prophesy prophesied prophesied *Õ‹¬¼=ò K³„¬C

Srinivasulu.jasti Page58 Of 78
VERB LIST:-

1738. Propitiate propitiated propitiated ‹¬=¶^¥#=òK͆Çò,‰§OuK͆Çò


1739. Propose proposed Proposed ㄬu‡=kOKÇ°
1740. Propound propounded propounded ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°
1741. Prorogue prorogued prorogued `Œ`ŒøeH›=òQê "Œ~ò^¥ "͆Çò
1742. Proscribe proscribed proscribed |‚²ì+¬øiOKÇ°,xÀ+kOKÇ°
1743. Prosecute prosecuted prosecuted "Œ[¼=ò K͆Çò@
1744. Proselyte proselyted proselyted =°`Ç=ò…ÕxH÷ =¶~¡°ó@
1745. Prosper prospered Prospered Ja=$kí K³O^ΰ
1746. Prostrate prostrated Prostrated ª=‘=“OQ®=òQê #=°‹¬
#=°‹¬øiOKÇ°
1747. Protect protected Protected Hê‡=_È°,~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°
1748. Protest protested Protested PöHÆ„²OKÇ°,Hê^Î#°@
1749. Protract protracted Protracted P‹¬¼=ò K͆Çò
1750. Protrude protruded Protruded =òO^ΰQê ã`ˆÇò
1751. Provide provided Provided WKÇ°ó, J=°~¡°ó
1752. Provoke provoked Provoked HË„¬=ò „¬ô\÷“OKÇ°
1753. Prowl prowled Prowled P‚¬ð~¡=ò#ïHá <³=°àkQê ‡é=ô
1754. Prune pruned Pruned Hù=°à#° #~¡°ä›½@
1755. Pry pried Pried ~¡‚¬ì‹¬¼=òQê `ùOyKǶKÇ°@
1756. Publish published Published ㄬKÇ°iOKÇ°,ㄬH›\÷OKÇ°
1757. Pucker puckered Puckered 䛽K³óˆ×ǟ@°“
1758. Plue plued Plued ‹¬#ßQê U_È°ó
1759. Pull pulled Pulled …ìQ®°@,D_È°ó@
1760. Pulsate pulsated Pulsated Q®°O_³Hù@°“Hù#°@
1761. Pulverize pulverized Pulverized ‡Ú_TK͆Çò@
1762. Punish punished Punished tH÷ÆOKÇ°
1763. Purchase purchased purchased Hù#°@
1764. Purge purged Purged ‰×Ã^Îí=ò K͆Çò
1765. Purify purified Purified ‰×Ã^Îí=ò K͆Çò
1766. Purl purled Purled [[ ^ÎÞx`Ë ã„¬=‚²ìOKÇ°
1767. Pursue pursued Pursued "³O|_TOKÇ°,J#°‹¬iOKÇ°
1768. Push pushed Pushed ã`ˆÇò,<³@°“

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VERB LIST:-

1769. Putrefy putrefied Putrefied 䛽o¤‡é=ô,K³_T‡é=ô


1770. Puzzle puzzled Puzzled H›=~¡ Ì„@°“
1771. Quaff quaffed Quaffed JkH›=òQê ã`ŒQ®°
1772. Quail quailed Quailed =}°ä›½, ƒ’†Ç°„¬_È°
1773. Quake quaked Quaked =}°ä›½, H›O„²OKÇ°@
1774. Qualify qualified Qualified J~¡Ý`Ç ‡ÚO^ΰ@
1775. Quash quashed Quashed K³Á䛽O_È K͆Çò@
1776. Quaver quavered Quavered =}°ä›½@
1777. Quell quelled Quelled J}KÇ°@
1778. Quench quenched Quenched ^΄²æH› f~¡°ó
1779. Quicken quickened Quickened "ÍQ®=òQê H›^ΰ
1780. Quit quitted Quitted =^Îe‡é=ô@
1781. Quote quoted Quoted L^΂¬ìiOKÇ°
1782. Radiate radiated Radiated "³°`Ç°~¡° "Œ¼„²O„¬K͆Çò
1783. Raise raised Raised Ì„áïH`Ç°ë
1784. Rally rallied Rallied ä›U_Èn†Çò
1785. Ramp ramped Ramped HË„¬„¬_È°
1786. Range ranged Ranged „¬Q®n~¡°óHù#°
1787. Rankle rankled Rankled P~¡
P~¡H›‡é=ô@
1788. Ransack ransacked Ransacked =ü# "³^ÎH÷ KǶKÇ°
1789. Rape raped Raped ã‹Ôëx K³~¡KÇ°@
1790. Ratify ratified Ratified ‹²ë~¡„¬~¡KÇ°
1791. Rationalize rationalized rationalized Hê~¡}=ò`Ë q=iOKÇ°
1792. Rattle rattled Rattled Q®Q® ‰×|í=ò K͆Çò
1793. Rave raved Raved "³ãiQê =¶\ìÁ_È°@
1794. Ravish ravished Ravished HùÁQù@°“,^ËKÇ°Hù#°
1795. Raze razed Razed <Œ‰×#=ò K͆Çò
1796. Reach reached Reached KÍ~¡°Hù#°
1797. React reacted Reacted |^ΰ°K͆Çò
1798. Readjust readjusted readjusted =°~¡ ãH›=°=ò K͆Çò
1799. Realize realized Realized `³°‹¬°Hù#°

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1800. Reanimate reanimated reanimated „¬ô#~¡°rû=#=ò K͆Çò


1801. Reap reaped reaped „¬O@HˆÇò
1802. Rebel rebelled Rebelled ㄬƒ’°`ÇÞ=ò#䛽 Z^Î
Z^ΰ~¡° u~¡°Q®°
1803. Rebound rebounded rebounded ^ΰ=ò䛽
1804. Rebuff rebuffed Rebuffed J‹¬¶†Ç°`Ë x~ŒH›iOKÇ°
1805. Rebuke rebuked Rebuked u@°“, YO_TOKÇ°
1806. Recall recalled Recalled =°~¡ „²°KÇ°,[ý„²ë K͆Çò
1807. Recapitulate recapitulated recapitulated =òY¼ q+¬†Ç°=ò° =°~¡ K³„¬ôC
1808. Recapture recaptured recaptured =°~¡ „¬@°“Hù#°
1809. Recede receded Receded "³#°H›ä›½ ‡é=ô
1810. Receive received Received JO^ΰHù#°
1811. Reciprocate reciprocated reciprocated Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°
1812. Recite recited Recited X„¬æyOKÇ°
1813. Reclaim reclaimed Reclaimed ‹¬O‹¬øiOKÇ°,ƒìQ®°K͆Çò
1814. Recline reclined Reclined P#°Hù#°, |~¡°=ô
1815. Recognize recognized recognized `³°‹¬°Hù#°, Q®°~¡°ë„¬@°“
1816. Recoil recoiled Recoiled "³#°H›ä›½‡é=ô
1817. Recollect recollected recollected *ìý„¬H›=ò `³KÇ°óHù#°
1818. Recommend recommended recommended ‹²‡¦=~¡‹¬° K͆Çò
1819. Recompense recompensed recompensed |^ΰ° K³eÁOKÇ°
1820. Reconcile reconciled reconciled ‹¬=¶^¥# „¬~¡KÇ°
1821. Recondition reconditioned reconditioned uiy ƒìQ®°K͆Çò
1822. Reconsider reconsidered reconsidered =°~¡ P…ÕzOKÇ°
1823. Record recorded Recorded ã"Œ‹²Ì„@°“
1824. Recount recounted Recounted =°~¡ …ÿH÷øOKÇ°
1825. Recoup recouped Recouped ƒ’së K͆Çò, =°~¡ ‡ÚO^ΰ@
1826. Recover recovered Recovered ª=Þn#=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°,uiy‡ÚO^ΰ
1827. Rectify rectified Rectified ‹¬ik^ΰí
1828. Recuterate recuterated recuterated =°~¡ ‡ÚO^ΰ
1829. Redden reddened Reddened Zã~¡Qê K͆Çò
1830. Redeem redeemed Redeemed q_È°^Î K͆Çò, ƒ’së K͆Çò

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1831. Redress redressed Redressed ‹¬ik^ΰ,í „¬i‚¬ð~¡=ò K͆Çò


1832. Reduce reduced Reduced `Çy¾OKÇ°
1833. Reenforce reenforced reenforced |„¬~¡KÇ°
1834. Refer referred Referred ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
1835. Refine refined Refined ‰×Ãkí K͆Çò
1836. Refit refitted Refitted Lz`Ç su# ‹²^Îí „¬~¡KÇ°
1837. Reflect reflected Reflected ㄬu„¦¬eOKÇ°
1838. Reform reformed Reformed ‹¬Oª=ø~¡=ò K͆Çò,ƒìQ®
,ƒìQ®°„¬~¡KÇ°@
1839. Refrain refrained Refrained …çOy †ÇòO_È°
1840. Refresh refreshed Refreshed L`Œ‚¬ì„¬~¡KÇ°
1841. Refund refunded Refunded uiy ~òKÇ°ó
1842. Refuse refused Refused u~¡‹¬øiOKÇ°
1843. Refute refuted Refuted `Ç„¬æx x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
1844. Regain regained Regained =°~¡ ‡ÚO^ΰ
1845. Regard regarded Regarded †³¶zOKÇ°, KǶ„¬ô
1846. Regenerate regenerated regenerated „¬ô#~¡°^Îí~¡} K͆Çò
1847. Regret regretted Regretted „¬‰§ó`Œë„¬„¬_È°
1848. Regularize regularized regularized ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°
1849. Regulate regulated Regulated ‹¬iK͆Çò, ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°
1850. Rehabilitate rehabilitated rehabilitated... „¬î~¡Þ‹²œuH÷ =°~¡ `³KÇ°ó
1851. Reimburse reimbursed reimbursed K³eÁOz ƒ’sëK͆Çò
1852. Reincarnate reincarnated reincarnated „¬ô#~¡ûxàOKÇ°
1853. Reinforce reinforced Reinforced |„¬~¡KÇ°
1854. Reinstate reinstated Reinstated „¬î~¡Þ‹²Öu…Õ Ì„@°“
1855. Reinterate reinterated reinterated <ùH÷øK³„¬ôC
1856. Reject rejected Rejected ã`Ë‹²
ã`Ë‹²"͆Çò
1857. Rejoice rejoiced Rejoiced ‹¬O`Ë+²OKÇ°
1858. Rejoin rejoined Rejoined uiy KÍ~¡°@
1859. Rejuvenate rejuvenated rejuvenated †Ç°=Þ#=ò H›eyOKÇ°
1860. Relapse relapsed Relapsed "³#°H›O["͆Çò
1861. Relate related Related q=iOKÇ
q=iOKÇ°

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1862. Relax relaxed Relaxed À‹ÞKÇóQv ê LO_È°, H›i”#=ò `ÇQ®°¾


1863. Release released Released q_T„²OKÇ°
1864. Relegate relegated Relegated "³#°H›ä›½ ã`ˆÇò,"³#°H›\÷ ‹²ÖuH÷ „¬O„¬ô
1865. Relent relented Relented H›i”#=ò `Çy¾OKÇ°Hù#°
1866. Relieve relieved Relieved L^˼Q® ‹¬O|O^ÎO q_È°^Î K͆Çò
1867. Relinquish relinquished relinquished q_TzÌ„@°“
1868. Relish relished Relished ‹¬O`Ë+¬„¬_È°,J#°ƒ’qOKÇ°
1869. Remain remained Remained q°ye †ÇòO_È°
1870. Remand remanded Remanded K³~¡†Ç°O^ΰ LOKÇ°@
1871. Remember remembered remembered *ìý„¬H›=òOKÇ°Hù#°
1872. Remind reminded Reminded *ìý„¬H›„¬~¡KÇ°
1873. Remit remitted Remitted H›Æq°OKÇ°
1874. Remonstrate remonstrated remonstrated =¼uö~H›"Œ^ÎO K͆Çò
1875. Remove removed Removed f‹²"͆Çò, `ùyOKÇ°
1876. Remunerate remunerated remunerated „¬xK͆Çò"ŒxH÷ WKÇ°ó _È|°Ä
1877. Render rendered Rendered J#°=kOKÇ°
1878. Renew renewed Renewed ãHù`Çëk K͆Çò
1879. Renounce renounced renounced q_Tz Ì„@°“
1880. Renovate renovated Renovated ãHù`Çëk K͆Çò, =°~¡ xiàOKÇ°
1881. Reopen reopened Reopened =°~¡ `³~¡KÇ°
1882. Repatriate repatriated repatriated ‹¬Þ^͉×=ò#䛽 =°~¡ =KÇ°ó
1883. Repeal repealed Repealed ~¡^ΰí K͆Çò
1884. Repeat repeated Repeated =°~¡ K³„¬ôC …èH› K͆Çò
1885. Repent repented Repented „¬‰§ó`Œë„¬„¬_È°@
1886. Repine repined Repined zOuOKÇ°@,^ΰ—dOKÇ°@
1887. Replace replaced Replaced =°~¡ †Ç°^¥ª=Ö#=ò# LOKÇ°@
1888. Replinish replinished replinished ‹¬iK͆Çò, xO„¬ô
1889. Reply replied Replied |^ΰ° K³„¬C
1890. Report reported Reported „¦²~Œ¼^ΰ K͆Çò
1891. Reprehend reprehended reprehended xOkOKÇ°,Q®kíOKÇ°
1892. Represent represented represented ‹¬¶zOKÇ°

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1893. Repress repressed Repressed J}Q®Qù@°“,J}KÇ°


1894. Reprieve reprieved Reprieved tH›Æ#°O_T `Œ`ŒøeH›=òQê q_È°^ÎK͆Çò
1895. Reproach reproached reproached xOkOKÇ°, u@°“
1896. Reprobate reprobated reprobated ‹¬=°àuOKÇ䛽O_È°@
1897. Reproduce reproduced reproduced „¬ô#~¡°`Çæuë K͆Çò@
1898. Reprove reproved Reproved xOkOKÇ°, u@°“
1899. Repudiate repudiated repudiated PöHÆ„²OKÇ°, …è^Îx K³„¬ôC
1900. Repulse repulsed Repulsed "³#°H›ä›½ `Ç~¡°=ò, x~ŒH›iOKÇ°
1901. Repute reputed Reputed `ÇOKÇ°
1902. Require required Required Hê=‹²# ^¥xx J_È°Q®°, HË~¡°@
1903. Rescue rescued Rescued q_T„²OKÇ°, Hê‡=_È°
1904. Resemble resembled resembled ‡é°ó, ‡éeH› H›ey†ÇòO_È°
1905. Resent resented Resented HË„²OKÇ°,PãQ®‚²ìOKÇ°
1906. Reserve reserved Reserved xe„² Ì„@°“,^¥z†ÇòO_È°
1907. Reside resided Resided x=tOKÇ°, LO_È°
1908. Resign resigned Resigned ~Œr<Œ=¶ K͆Çò@
1909. Resile resiled Resiled ª=Q®°@
1910. Resist resisted Resisted Z^ΰiOz x°KÇ°,J_ÈÛyOKÇ OKÇ°
1911. Resolve resolved Resolved f~ŒàxOKÇ°
1912. Resort resorted Resorted ‡é~òLO_È°@,Pã‰×†Çò=ò HË~¡°@
1913. Resound resounded resounded ㄬu^ÎÞxOKÇ°
1914. Respire respired Respired ‰§ÞtOKÇ°
1915. Respond responded responded |^Î
|^ΰeKÇ°ó,‹¬æOkOKÇ°
1916. Restore restored Restored uiy WKÇ°ó@
1917. Restrain restrained Restrained J_ÈÛyOKÇ°@,J}KÇ°
1918. Restrict restricted Restricted H›@°“ƒì@° K͆Çò
1919. Resume resumed Resumed uiy ã‡=~¡OaOKÇ°@
1920. Resurrect resurrected resurrected rqOKÇ°#@°Á K͆Çò
1921. Retail retailed Retailed zÁ~Q¡ ê qãH›~òOKÇ°@
1922. Retain retained Retained xe„² LOKÇ°, LOKÇ°Hù#°@
1923. Retaliate retaliated Retaliated |^ΰ°H÷ |^ΰeKÇ°ó, Z^ΰ~¡°u~¡°Q®°@

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1924. Retard retarded Retarded "ÍQ®=ò#° `Çy¾OKÇ°@


1925. Retire retired Retired q~¡=°} K͆Çò
1926. Retrace retraced Retraced =¶@ `Ç„¬C@, K³„²æ# ^¥xx ~¡^ΰí K͆Çò
1927. Retreat retreated Retreated "³#°H›ä›½ ‡é=ô@
1928. Retrench retrenched retrenched `Çy¾OKÇ°@
1929. Retrieve retrieved Retrieved =°~¡ ‹¬O‡=kOKÇ°
1930. Return returned Returned =°~¡ WKÇ°ó, uiy =KÇ°ó
1931. Reveal revealed Revealed `³e†Ç° *è†Çò, |‚²ì~¡OQ® „¬~¡KÇ°
1932. Revenge revenged Revenged „¬Q®f~¡°óHù#°@
1933. Reverse reversed Reversed "³#°H›ä›½ =°~¡°ó, `ÇãH÷O^ΰ° K͆Çò
1934. Revert reverted Reverted "³#°H›ä›½ ãu„¬C, „¬O„¬ô
1935. Revile reviled Reviled u@°“, ^ζ+²OKÇ°
1936. Revise revised revised `Ç„¬C°k^ΰ,í =¶~¡°ó@
1937. Revive revived Revived „¬ô#~¡°rûqO„¬K͆Çò@
1938. Revoke revoked Revoked ~¡^ΰíK͆Çò@
1939. Revolutionize revolutionized revolutionized q„¬Á=H›~¡ =¶~¡°æ° K͆Çò@
1940. Revolve revolved Revolved Q®°Oã_È=òQê u~¡°Q®°
1941. Reward rewarded Rewarded |‚¬•=¶#q°KÇ°ó
1942. Redicule rediculed Rediculed ZQ®`Œo, Qö eK͆Çò
1943. Rinse rinsed Rinsed Q®°OA@
1944. Ripen ripened Ripened „¬i„¬H›Þ=°Q®°@, „¬O_TOKÇ°@
1945. Roam roamed Roamed T~¡H› u~¡°Q®°@
1946. Roar roared Roared Q®iûOKÇ°@
1947. Roast roasted Roasted Hê°ó@
1948. Rob robbed Robbed ^ËKÇ°Hù#°@
1949. Roll rolled Rolled Q®°Oã_È=òQê =OKÇ°
1950. Rotate rotated Rotated KÇãH›=ò=…ÿ u~¡°Q®°
1951. Rouse roused Roused …脬ô, "Í°°Hù°„¬ô
1952. Rub rubbed Rubbed ~¡°^ΰí@
1953. Ruffle ruffled Ruffled =°_È`Ç° „¬_È°@
1954. Ruminate ruminated Ruminated <³=°~¡° "͆Çò@

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1955. Rummage rummaged rummaged "³^Î䛽@


1956. Rush rushed Rushed "ÍQ®=òQê ‡é=ô@
1957. Rustle rustled Rustled Ì„^Îí ^ÎÞx K͆Çò@
1958. Safeguard safeguarded safeguarded ~¡H›Æ} WKÇ°ó
1959. Salute saluted Saluted #=°‹¬øiOKÇ°
1960. Salvage salvaged Salvaged ~¡H÷ÆOKÇ°, =°~¡ ‡ÚO^ΰ
1961. Sanctify sanctified Sanctified „¬qã`Ç=ò K͆Çò
1962. Satiate satiated Satiated `Ç$„²ë K͆Çò
1963. Satisfy satisfied Satisfied `Ç$„²ë „¬~¡KÇ°@
1964. Saturate saturated Saturated „¬îiëQê `Ç°_È°„¬ô
1965. Saunter sauntered Sauntered |^ÎíH›=òQê u~¡°Q®°
1966. Save saved Saved Hê‡=_È°
1967. Scandalize scandalized scandalized ^ζ+²OKÇ°, u@°“
1968. Scare scared Scared ƒ’†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°
1969. Scatter scattered Scattered "³^Î[°Á
1970. Scoff scoffed Scoffed „¬i‚¬ì‹²OKÇ°
1971. Scold scolded Scolded u@°“@, H›‹¬~¡°@
1972. Scorch scorched Scorched Hê°ó@, =°KÇó"͆Çò@
1973. Scour scoured Scoured ~¡°kí ‰×Ãヒ=ò K͆Çò
1974. Scramble scrambled scrambled ‡=H÷ Z䛽ø@
1975. Scrape scraped Scraped QË䛽@,w䛽@,`Ç°~¡°=ò@
1976. Scratch scratched Scratched wKÇ°@, yKÇ°ó@
1977. Scrawl scrawled Scrawled =OH›~Q¡ ê ã"Œ†Ç
ã"Œ†Çò@
1978. Scream screamed Screamed öHH›"͆Çò@
1979. Screech screeched Screeched aQ®¾~Q¡ ê öHH›"͆Çò@
1980. Scrub scrubed Scrubed `Ç°_È°KÇ°@, `Ë=ò@
1981. Scrutinize scrutinized scrutinized "Í~¡°Qê LOKÇ°
1982. Scem scemmed Scemmed ƒ’ã^Î=ò K͆Çò@
1983. Seclude secluded Secluded ^ΰ~Œà~¡¾=ò K͆Çò@
1984. Seem seemed Seemed JQ®°„¬_È°@
1985. Seethe seethed Seethed H›=~¡=òQê LO_È°

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1986. Segregate segregated segregated "Í~¡°Qê LOKÇ°@


1987. Seize seized Seized J„¬‚¬ìiOKÇ
iOKÇ°,„¬@°“Hù#°@
1988. Select selected Selected U~¡°Hù#°, Z#°ßHù#°@
1989. Separate separated Separated "Í~¡°K͆Çò@
1990. Sequester sequestered sequestered =‰×=ò KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
1991. Serve served Served À‹=K͆Çò@
1992. Settle settled Settled ‹²Ö~¡„¬_È°@,=°^μ=ië`ÇÞ=ò K͆Çò@
1993. Sever severed Severed `³Q®ã^³OKÇ°
1994. Sharpen sharpened sharpened „¬^ΰ#° Ì„@°“
1995. Sheathe sheathed Sheathed X~¡…Õ LOKÇ°
1996. Shift shifted Shifted =¶~¡°ó
1997. Shirk shirked Shirked "³#°H›O["͆Çò
1998. Shiver shivered Shivered =}䛽@
1999. Shorten shortened Shortened 䛽kOKǰ
2000. Shriek shrieked Shrieked H©KÇ°=°x J~¡KÇ°
2001. Shrivel shrivelled Shrivelled "Œ_T‡é=ô, =ò_È°`Ç° „¬_È°
2002. Shudder shuddered shuddered LeH÷ø„¬_È°
2003. Shuffle shuffled Shuffled Hêˆ×ä D_È°óHùx #_È°KÇ°
2004. Shunt shunted Shunted "Í~¡°=¶~¡¾=ò#䛽 =°~¡eOKÇ°
2005. Sicken sickened Sickened q‹¬°Q®°`Ë xO_T#
2006. Sift sifted Sifted [eÁOKÇ°, "Í~¡°K͆Çò
2007. Signify signified Signified Q®°iëO„¬K͆Çò
2008. Simmer simmered Simmered ‡ÚOQ®°
2009. Simplify simlified Simplified ‹¬°ƒ’=ò K͆Çò
2010. Simulate simulated Simulated J#°H›iOKÇ°
2011. Sip sipped Sipped „Ô°ó@
2012. Skim skimmed Skimmed z°ä›½@
2013. Skip skipped Skipped Qï O`Ç°@,^¥@°@
2014. Slake slaked Slaked `Ç$„²ë„¬~¡KÇ°
2015. Slant slanted Slanted U@"Œ°Qê =ôOKÇ°
2016. Slash slashed Slashed #~¡°ä›½@, z=ôÞ@

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2017. Slip slipped Slipped *ì~¡°@, *ì~¡q_È°KÇ°@


2018. Slopper sloppered Sloppered <Ë\÷#°O_Th~¡° T~¡°@
2019. Slouch slouched Slouched qHê~¡=òQê ä›U~ùó#°, x|_È°
2020. Smash smashed Smashed #Q®Qù@°“, „¬Q®°Qù@°“
2021. Smatter smattered Smattered Jæ*ìý#=ò`Ë =^Î~¡°@
2022. Smear smeared Smeared „¬î†Çò@
2023. Smirch smirched Smirched H›ˆ×OH›=ò K͆Çò
2024. Smudge smudged Smudged =òiH÷ KÍ‹¬°Hù#°
2025. Smuggle smuggled Smuggled „¬#°ßK³eÁO„¬H› ‹¬~¡°ä›½° f‹¬°Hùx‡é=ô
2026. Snap snapped snapped KÇ@°ä›½ø# f†Çò, z~¡°Q®°
2027. Snarl snarled snarled HË„¬=ò`Ë J~¡KÇ°
2028. Snatch snatched snatched …ìQ®°Hù#°
2029. Sneer sneered sneered „¬i‚¬ð‹¬=ò K͆Çò
2030. Sneeze sneezed sneezed `Ç°=òà@
2031. Snift snifted snifted T„²iaQ®„¬@°“
2032. Snipe snipped snipped ^¥y†ÇòO_T Hê°ó
2033. Snore snored snored Q®°~¡H› Ì„@°“
2034. Soak soaked soaked <Œ#ƒÿ@°“@
2035. Soar soared soared q°H÷øe Z`Ç°Që ê …èKÇ°
2036. Sob sobbed sobbed ZH÷øZH÷ø U_È°ó
2037. Soften softened softened ‹¬=¶^¥#„¬~¡KÇ°, "³°`ÇH›„¬~¡KÇ°
2038. Solemnize solemnized solemnized „¬qã`Ç=ò K͆Çò
2039. Solicite solicited solicited "Í_È°Hù#°, ã‡=iÖOKÇ°
2040. Solidify solidified solidified „¦¬°#~¡¶„¬=ò#䛽 =KÇ°ó
2041. Solve solved solved f~¡°ó, „¬i+¬øiOKÇ°
2042. Soothe soothed soothed L„¬‰×q°O„¬K͆Çò
2043. Sow sowed sowed q`Çë#=ò° KÇ°Á
2044. Spare spared spared q°Q®°°ó@
2045. Spatter spattered spattered q‹¬~¡°, [°Á
2046. Specialize specialized specialized ㄬ`ͼH› ã‰×^Îí H›
2047. Specify specified specified ‹¬¶zOKÇ
¶zOKÇ°

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2048. Speculate speculated speculated P…ÕzOKÇ°


2049. Splutter spluttered spluttered "ÍQ®=òQê =¶\ìÁ_È°
2050. Spoonfeed spoonfed spoonfed K³OKŒ`Ë ux„²OKÇ°
2051. Sprinkle sprinkled sprinkled zH›iOKÇ°
2052. Spurn spurned spurned x~ŒH›iOKÇ°
2053. Squash squashed squashed #°Q®Qù@°“
2054. Squeal squealed squealed H©KÇ°=°x ‰×|í=ò K͆Çò
2055. Squeeze squeezed squeezed <ù䛽ø„²O_È°
2056. Stab stabbed stabbed ‡Ú_È°KÇ°
2057. Stabilize stabilized stabilized ‹²Ö~¡„¬~¡KÇK°Ç
2058. Stagger staggered staggered `Ƕ°`Ƕ #_È°KÇ°
2059. Stammer stammered stammered #uëQê =¶\ìÁ_È°
2060. Stamp stamped stamped =òã^Î"͆Çò@
2061. Stanch stanched stanched Hê~¡°KÇ°#ß <³`Ç°ë~¡° x°„¬ô
2062. Standardize standardized standardized XH›f~¡°#䛽 `³KÇ°ó
2063. Stare stared stared `ÍiKǶKÇ°
2064. Start started started |†Ç°°^Í~¡°
2065. Startle startled startled LeH÷ø„¬_È°
2066. Starve starved starved „¬‹¬°ëO_È°
2067. Stay stayed stayed LO_È°
2068. Sterlize sterlized sterlized ‰×Ã^Îí=ò K͆Çò
2069. Stiffen stiffened stiffened ayO„¬ô K͆Çò
2070. Stiff stiffed stiffed T„²i u~¡Q®ä›½O_¨ K͆Çò
2071. Stimulate stimulated stimulated ö~„¬ô, „¬ôiHù°æ
2072. Stipulate stipulated stipulated X_ÈO|_T
O|_TH› K͆Çò
2073. Stir stirred stirred H›^ΰ,H›e†Ç°ƒÿ@°“
2074. Stitch stitched stitched 䛽@°“
2075. Stoop stooped stooped =òO^ΰ䛽 =OQ®°
2076. Stop stopped stopped P„¬ô@, J_ÈÛyOKÇ°@
2077. Stow stowed stowed À„~¡°ó,xO„¬ô
2078. Straddle straddled straddled „¬OQ®Hêˆ×¤`Ë #_È°KÇ°

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2079. Straggle straggled straggled ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°


2080. Straighten straightened straightened =OH›~¡f†Çò
2081. Strain strained strained |=O`Ç=ò ㄬ†³¶yOKÇ°
2082. Straiten straitened straitened W|ÄOk…Õ Ì„@°“
2083. Strangle strangled strangled QùO`Ç° „²‹²H÷ KÇO„¬ô
2084. Strengthen strengthened strengthened |…ÕÀ„`Ç=ò K͆Çò
2085. Stretch stretched stretched ‡Ú_È°Q®°K͆Çò
2086. Strip stripped stripped =ez "͆Çò
2087. Stroll strolled strolled fiH›Qê #_È°KÇ°
2088. Strum strummed strummed JH›Æ¼=òQê "Œ~òOKÇ°
2089. Stumble stumbled stumbled Hê°*ìi„¬_È°
2090. Stun stunned stunned ヒq°O„¬K͆Çò, ã=¶#æ_È°
2091. Stunt stunted stunted Z^ΰQ®°@
2092. Stupefy stupefied stupefied ã=¶#æ_È° K͆Çò
2093. Stutter stuttered stuttered #uëQê =¶\ìÁ_È°
2094. Subdue subdued subdued J}KÇ°,[~òOKÇ°
2095. Subjoin subjoined subjoined ä›U~¡°ó
2096. Subjugate subjugated subjugated J}KÇ°, [~òOKÇ°
2097. Submerge submerged submerged =òOz"͆Çò, =òxy‡é=ô
2098. Submit submitted submitted X„¬æyOKÇ°
2099. Subscribe subscribed subscribed ‹¬O`Çä›=ò K͆Çò
2100. Subserve subserved subserved ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=°Q®°
2101. Subside subsided subsided …çOy‡é=ô
2102. Subsidize subsidized subsidized ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°=ò Hù~¡ä›½ ^Î#q°KÇ°ó
2103. Subsist subsisted subsisted rqOKÇ°
2104. Substantiate substantiated substantiated x[„¬~¡KÇ°,x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
2105. Substitute substituted substituted |^ΰ°Qê LOKÇ°
2106. Subtract subtracted subtracted f‹²"͆Çò
2107. Subvert subverted subverted „¬_Èã`ˆÇò,K³~¡KÇ°
2108. Succumb succumbed succumbed …Õ|_È°, =°~¡}÷OKÇ°
2109. Suck sucked sucked „Ô°ó

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2110. Suckle suckled suckled KÇ#°‡=eKÇ°ó


2111. Sue sued sued ã‡=iÖOKÇ°
2112. Suffer suffered suffered J#°ƒ’qOKÇ°(ƒì^)Î
2113. Suffocate suffocated suffocated T„²iu~¡Q®ä›½O_¨ K͆Çò
2114. Suffuse suffused suffused Ì„áH›„¬C =ü†Çò
2115. Suggest suggested suggested ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
2116. Sully sullied sullied =òiH÷ K͆Çò
2117. Summarize summarized summarized ‹¬OãQ®‚¬ì=òQê ã"Œ†Çò
2118. Summon summoned summoned „²°=#O„¬ô
2119. Sunder sundered sundered "Í~¡°K͆Çò
2120. Sup supped supped ~Œãu ƒÕ[#=ò K͆Çò
2121. Superintend superintended superintended Ì„áJkHê~¡O K͆Çò
2122. Supersede superseded superseded "Í~ùH› ª=Ö#=ò#䛽 =KÇ°ó
2123. Supervise supervised supervised „¬~¡¼"ÍH÷ÆOKÇ°
2124. Supplant supplanted supplanted ª=Ö#ヒ+¬µ“xQê K͆Çò
2125. Supply supplied supplied ‹¬~¡„¦¬~Œ WKÇ°ó
2126. Support supported supported =°^Îí`Ç° WKÇ°ó
2127. Suppose supposed suposed ƒìqOKÇ°, `ÇOKÇ°
2128. Suppress suppressed suppressed J}z "͆Çò
2129. Surcharge surcharged surcharged q°`Ç=ò q°Oz# |~¡°=ô䛽 „¬#°ß "͆Çò
2130. Surfiet surfieted surfieted Jq°`Ç=òQê ƒ’°lOKÇ°
2131. Surmise surmised surmised ƒìqOKÇ°, `ÇOKÇ°
2132. Surmount surmounted surmounted [~òOKÇ°, Qï °KÇ°
2133. Surpass surpassed surpassed Ju‰×~òOKÇ°,q°OKÇ°
2134. Surprise surprised surprised P‰×ó~¡¼„¬_È°
2135. Surrender surrendered surrendered J„¬æyOKÇ°,…çOy‡é=ô
2136. Surround surrounded surrounded KÇ°@°“Hù#°
2137. Survey surveyed surveyed Hù°KÇ°, qKŒ~¡}K͆Çò
2138. Survive survived survived ã|uH÷ †ÇòO_T
2139. Suspect suspected suspected J#°=¶#„¬_È°
2140. Suspend suspended suspended HùO`ÇHê=ò xe„²"͆Çò

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2141. Sustain sustained sustained x°„¬ô, ƒ’iOKÇ°


2142. Swallow swallowed swallowed ãq°OQ®°
2143. Sweeten sweetened sweetened f‹²"͆Çò
2144. Swerve swerved swerved KÇeOKÇ°, "³#°k~¡°Q®°
2145. Swindle swindled swindled =OzOKÇ°, "³¶‹¬„¬ôKÇ°ó
2146. Swirl swirled swirled y~¡y~¡ u~¡°Q®°
2147. Swoon swooned swooned =üió°Á
2148. Swoop swooped swooped ‚¬ì~”Œ`Ç°Që ê Ì„á|_È°
2149. Sympathize sympathized sympathized H›xH›iOKÇ°
2150. Systematize systematized systematized ãH›=°„¬~¡KÇ°
2151. Tabulate tabulated tabulated „¬\Q©“ ê ã"Œ†Çò
2152. Tackle tackled tackled ‹¬=¶oOKÇ°, ‡é~Œ_È°
2153. Tag tagged tagged H›@°“
2154. Taint tainted tainted H›ˆ×OH›=ò H›°Q®*è†Çò
2155. Talk talked talked =¶\ìÁ_È°
2156. Tally tallyed tallyed ‹¬i„¬_È°
2157. Tantalize tantalized tantalized ‚²ìO‹²OKÇ°, "ÍkOKÇ°
2158. Tattle tattled tattled ãÀ„°@,=^Î~¡°@
2159. Taunt taunted taunted xOkOKÇ°, ^³„²æ‡Ú_È°KÇ°@
2160. Tax taxed taxed „¬#°ßqkOKÇ°
2161. Tease teased teased ƒìkOKÇ°
2162. Teem teemed teemed xO_T†ÇòO_È°
2163. Tempt tempted tempted =°#‹¬°#° PH›iÂOKÇ°
2164. Terminate terminated terminated =òyO„¬ôK͆Çò
2165. Terrify terrified terrified ƒ’†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ°
2166. Terrorize terrorized terrorized ƒÿkiOKÇ°
2167. Testify testified testified ª=H›Æ¼q°KÇ°ó
2168. Thank thanked thanked H›$`Ç*ý`Ç `³°„¬ô
2169. Thicken thickened thickened zH›ø„¬~¡KÇ°
2170. Thrash thrashed thrashed ^¥#¼=ò #¶~¡°ó
2171. Threaten threatened threatened ƒÿkiOKÇ°

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2172. Throttle throttled throttled QùO`Ç° „²‹¬°ä›½


2173. Thump thumped thumped Q®°^ΰí@, KÇ~¡KÇ°@
2174. Thwart thwarted thwarted P@OH›=ò K͆Çò
2175. Tickle tickled tickled KÇH÷øeyO`ÇÌ„@°“
2176. Tie tied tied H›@°“
2177. Tighten tightened tightened ayOKÇ°
2178. Tilt tilted tilted XH›"³á„¬ô#䛽 =OQ®°
2179. Tingle tingled tingled Lã^ÍH=ò ›=ò H›°Q®°
2180. Tinkle tinkled tinkled Q®}Q®}=°#° ‰×|í=ò K͆Çò
2181. Tipple tippled tippled ª=~Œ~ò ã`ŒQ®°
2182. Tire tired tired J‹¬@ K³O^ΰ
2183. Toast toasted toasted "Œ_È°ó, Hê°ó
2184. Toddle toddled toddled TQ®°KÇ° #_È°KÇ°
2185. Toil toiled toiled ‡=@°„¬_È°
2186. Tolerate tolerated tolerated F~¡°óHù#°, ‹¬‚²ìOKÇ°
2187. Topple toppled toppled ^ùiÁ„¬_È°
2188. Toss tossed tossed <Œ}ÿ=ò ZQ®°~¡"͆Çò
2189. Totter tottered tottered P_È°, H›O„²OKÇ°
2190. Touch touched touched `Œä›½, ‹¬æiÅOKÇ°
2191. Tow towed towed ã`Œ_È° H›\÷“ D_È°ó
2192. Traduce traduced traduced hKÇ„¬~¡KÇ°
2193. Tramp tramped tramped Q®\Q÷“ ê ã`ùH÷ø #_È°KÇ°(=°OKÇ°)
2194. Trample trampled trampled Hêˆ×¤`Ë ã`ù䛽ø
2195. Tranquilize tranquilized tranquilized ‰§O`Ç„¬~¡KÇ°
2196. Transact transacted transacted #_T„²OKÇ°
2197. Transcribe transcribed transcribed Zuë ã"Œ†Çò
2198. Transfer transfered transfered =°i†³òH›KË@°H÷ =¶~¡°ó
2199. Transform transformed transformed ~¡¶„¬=ò =¶~¡°ó
2200. Transfuse transfused transfused XH›‡=ã`Ç…Õ#°Oz WOHùH›‡=ã`Ç…Õ ‡é†Çò
2201. Transgress transgressed transgressed q°ug°~¡°
2202. Tranship transhipped transhipped XH› F_È#°Oz "Í~ùH› F_È…ÕH÷ =¶~¡°ó

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2203. Translate translated translated J#°=kOKÇ°


2204. Transliterate transliterated transliterated XH›ƒì+¬#° "Í~ùH›ƒì+¬…Õ `³°„¬ô
2205. Transmit transmitted transmitted „¬O„¬ô@
2206. Transmute transmuted transmuted XH› ~¡¶„¬=ò#°O_T =°~ùH› ~¡¶„¬
¶„¬=ò…ÕH÷ =¶~¡°ó@
2207. Transpire transpired transpired ‰§ÞtOKÇ°
2208. Transplant transplanted transplanted "Í~ùH›KË@ <Œ@°@
2209. Transport transported transported "Í~ùH› ‹¬Ö =ò#䛽 f‹¬°ä›½ ‡é=ô@

2210. Transpose transposed transposed ‹¬Ö=ò° =¶~¡°ó


2211. Travel travelled travelled ㄬ†Ç¶}=ò K͆Çò
2212. Traverse traversed traversed J_ÈÛ=òQê ‡é=ô
2213. Trawl trawled trawled Ì„^Îí=…Õ KÍ„¬° „¬@°“Hùx D_È°ó
2214. Treat treated treated P^ÎiOKÇ°, zH÷`ǁ K͆Çò
2215. Tremble trembled trembled =}䛽
2216. Trespass trespassed trespassed q°ug°~¡°@
2217. Trickle trickled trickled z#ß^¥~¡Qê Hê~¡°@
2218. Trill trilled trilled =}䛽KÇ° =¶\ìÁ_È°
2219. Trounce trounced trounced „¬îiëQê F_TOKÇ°
2220. Truncate truncated truncated #~¡ä›½, YO_TOKÇ°
2221. Try tried tried ㄬ†Ç°ußOKÇ°
2222. Tuck tucked tucked ^Ë„¬ô@
2223. Tug tugged tugged ã‰×=°„¬_T D_È°ó
2224. Tumble tumbled tumbled ^ù~¡°,Á `Ç@°“Hùx „¬_È°
2225. Turn turned turned u~¡°Q®°, ãu„¬ôC
2226. Twaddle twaddled twaddled „²zó =¶@…ì_È°
2227. Tweak tweaked tweaked yeÁ"³°e†Ç°ƒÿ@°“
2228. Twiddle twiddled twiddled ªé=°iQê u~¡°Q®°
2229. Twine twined twined À„#°@, „¬ôi"͆Çò@
2230. Twinkle twinkled twinkled q°}°ä›
q°}°ä›½ q°}°ä›½=°#°
2231. Twirl twirled twirled y~¡y~¡ãu„¬C@
2232. Twist twisted twisted À„#°@
2233. Twit twitted twitted p"Œ@°Á Ì„@°“

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2234. Twitter twittered twittered „¬H÷Æ=…ÿ H÷KÇH÷KÇ…ì_È°


2235. Typify typified typified P^Î~¡Å=°Q®°
2236. Ulcerate ulcerated ulcerated „¬ôO_È°K͆Çò
2237. Underestimate underestimated underestimated `Ç䛽ø= =°kO„¬ô K͆Çò
2238. Undermine undermined undermined …Õ…Õ„¬ „¬ô<Œk‡<_È°K͆òÇ
2239. Undress undressed undressed ^ΰ‹¬°ë° q„¬C@
2240. Unfold unfolded unfolded |‚²ì~¡OQ®„¬~¡KÇ°@
2241. Unfurl unfurled unfurled „¬~¡KÇ°@, `³~¡KÇ°@
2242. Unify unified unified SH›¼=ò K͆Çò@
2243. Unite united united KÍ~¡°ó@
2244. Unload unloaded unloaded |~¡°=ôkOKÇ°@
2245. Unravel unravelled unravelled z䛽øf~¡°ó
2246. Unseat unseated unseated „¬^Îgヒ+¬µ“xK͆Çò
2247. Unsettle unsettled unsettled ‹²Öux K³~¡KÇ°
2248. Untie untied untied H›@°Áq„¬ôC@
2249. Uplift uplifted uplifted L^ÎíiOKÇ°, Ì„áïH`Ç°ë
2250. Uproot uprooted uprooted ã"͈פ`Ë Ì„H÷eOKÇ°
2251. Urge urged urged ãÌ„ö~„²OKÇ°
2252. Urinate urinated urinated =üã`Çq‹¬~¡û# K͆Çò
2253. Use used used L„¬†³¶yOKÇ°
2254. Usurp usurped usurped |…ì`Œø~¡=òQê f‹¬°Hù#°
2255. Utilise utilised utilised L„¬†³†¶³ Q®„¬~¡KÇ°
2256. Utter uttered uttered „¬°ä›½@, K³„¬ôC
2257. Vacate vacated vacated MìmK͆Çò
2258. Vacillate vacillated vacillated ‹¬O^Í‚²ìOKÇ°, x~¡â†Ç°O …è䛽O_È°@
2259. Validate validated validated K³Á^Îy#kQê K͆Çò
2260. Vanish vanished vanished J^Î$‰×¼=°Q®°
2261. Vaporise vaporised vaporised PqiQê =¶~¡°ó
2262. Vary varied varied ƒè^Î=ò KǶ„¬ô
2263. Veer veered veered k䛽ø=¶~¡°ó, ãu„¬ôC
2264. Vegetate vegetated vegetated "³òH›ø=…ÿ rqOKÇ°

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2265. Ventilate ventilated ventilated Qêe=KÇ°ó#@°Á K͆Çò


2266. Verify verified verified x~¡¶„²OKÇ°
2267. Versify versified versified „¬^μ=ò° J°Á
2268. Vex vexed vexed HË„¬=ò `³KÇ°ó
2269. Victimize victimized victimized |eK͆Çò
2270. Vie vied vied ‡é\©KÍK†Í Çò
2271. Vilify vilified vilified u@°“,^ζ+²OKÇ°
2272. Vindicate vindicated vindicated <Œ¼†Ç°=°x "ŒkOKÇ°
2273. Violate violated violated JuãH›q°OKÇ°
2274. Visit visited visited ^ÎiÅOKÇ°
2275. Vitalize vitalized vitalized L`Œ‚¬ì„¬~KÇ¡K°Ç
2276. Vitiate vitiated vitiated ‡=_È°K͆Çò, H›ˆ×OH›„¬~¡KÇ°
2277. Vivify vivified vivified ã‡=}q°KÇ°ó, ‹¬æ+¬“„¬~¡KÇ°
2278. Vociferate vociferated vociferated aQ®¾~Q¡ ê J~¡KÇ°
2279. Vomit vomitted vomitted "ŒOu K͆Çò
2280. Vouch vouched vouched ª=H›Æ¼=ò K³„¬ôC
2281. Waddle waddled waddled J@°W@° TQ®°`Ƕ #_È°KÇ°
2282. Wade waded waded W‹¬°H›…Õ H›+¬“=òQê #_È°KÇ°@
2283. Waft wafted wafted h\÷…Õ `Í°`Ƕ ‡é=ô
2284. Wag wagged wagged H›keOKÇ°, P_TOKÇ°
2285. Wage waged waged #_T„²OKÇ°
2286. Wait waited waited "Íz†ÇòO_È°@
2287. Waive waived waived ‚¬ì䛽ø#° q_È°KÇ°Hù#°@
2288. Walk walked walked #_ÈKÇ°@
2289. Wander wandered wandered ‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°@
2290 Wane waned waned H©Æ}÷OKÇ°
2291. Warn warned warned Ì‚ìKÇóiOKÇ°
2292. Wash washed washed ‰×Ãヒ=ò K͆Çò
2293. Waste wasted wasted =$^¥K͆Çò
2294. Waver wavered wavered ‹¬O‰×~òOKÇ°
2295. Weaken weakened weakened |‚Ôì#„¬~¡KÇ°

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2296. Wean weane weaned J"Œ@°#°O_T `ùyOKÇ


`ùyOKÇ°
2297. Weld welded welded Hêz XH›\Q÷ ê K͆Çò
2298. Westernize westernized westernized ‡=‰§óf¼H›iOKÇ°
2299. Wheedle wheedled wheedled ‡Úy_T "³¶‹¬yOKÇ°@
2300. Whet whetted whetted ª=#ƒÿ@°“@, „¬^ΰ#°
2301. Whine whined whined =ü°Q®
=ü°Q®°, U_È°ó
2302. Whirl whirled whirled "ÍQ®=òQê ãu„¬ôC@, ‹¬°_T
2303. Whisper whispered whispered Q®°‹¬Q®°‹¬…ì_È°
2304. Whistle whistled whistled D"͆Çò@
2305. Whitewash whitewashed whitewashed ‹¬°#ß=ò Qù@°“@
2306. Whittle whittled whittled HùOK³O HùOK³OQê z=ôÞ@
2307. Widen widened widened "³_È°æ K͆Çò@
2308. Wield wielded wielded x~¡Þ‚²ìOKÇ°
2309. Wink winked winked ï~„¬æ° =ü‹², `³~¡KÇ°
2310. Winnow winnowed winnowed `Ƕ~Œæ~¡ |@°“@
2311. Wipe wiped wiped `Ç°_È°KÇ°
2312. Wither withered withered ZO_T‡é=ô,"Œ_T‡é=ô
2313. Worry worried worried "Œ¼ä›½`Ç K³O^ΰ@
2314. Worsen worsened worsened WOH›#¶ ‡=_È°K͆Çò
2315. Wrangle wrangled wrangled `ÇQ®°=ô…ì_È°@
2316. Wrap wrapped wrapped KÇ°@°“=°_È
=°_ÈKÇ°@
2317. Wreathe wreathed wreathed =¶H›@°“@
2318. Wrench wrenched wrenched #°e„² Ì„~¡ä›½@, „¬\÷“…ìQ®°@
2319. Wrestle wrestled wrestled 䛽‹Ô넬@°“
2320. Wriggle wriggled wriggled #°e„² Ì„~¡°ä›½
2321. Writhe writhed writhed #°°„¬ô, ãu„¬C
2322. Yawn yawned yawned P=ôeOKÇ°@
2323. Yearn yearned yearned P‰×H›eyOKÇ°@
2324. Yelp yelped yelped "³ò~¡°Q®°@
2325. Yield yielded yielded WKÇ°ó@.

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