22 23

3
unit
Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous
3
Read about a band. Then match the verbs in colour to the correct use of the tenses (a-f) below.
T-3 (3) has been
waiting for hours
to go on stage,
so they feel really
nervous. Its their
turn now!
The judges (4) have
watched seven
performances tonight.
They all agreed the last
one was awful.
The band T-3
(1) has been
playing together
since high school.
They (2) have
decided to try out
for Weve Got Talent
and theyre at the
auditions now.
T-3 (5) has
won! Its the best
performance we
(6) have seen all
evening! the
judges say.
a. a past action, which is still relevant
b. making an announcement
c. an action that started in the past and is still continuing
d. a continuous past action that has just finished; we can still see the result
e. with superlatives
f. an action repeated several times in the past
1
W
eve Got
Talent
Form Use Examples
I / You / We / They have played
He / She / It has played
I / You / We / They have not played
He / She / It has not played
Have I / you / we / they played?
Has he / she / it played?
Short forms: I have Ive
she has shes
have not havent
has not hasnt
1. an action that happened in the past but is still
relevant (the specific time the action took place
is unknown or unimportant)
2. an action that started in the past and is still
going on now (usually with for, since, how long)
3. actions that happened several times in the past
4. with time periods that are not finished yet
5. to announce recent events
6. with this is the first / second time ... and
superlatives: This is the best / worst ...
I have broken my ankle so I cant go skiing.
Has Jack spent all his money?
Tom hasnt answered any of my calls.
Daisy has worked here for six months.
How long have you had an iPad?
Liam has emailed me three times today.
I havent seen Lucy this week.
A train has crashed near Paris.
This is the first time I have tried sushi!
This is the worst holiday weve had in years.
Time Expressions: just, already, never, ever, yet, always, before, lately, recently, for, since, how long, so far, today, this week / month / year
The race has just / already started.
I have never been late.
So far, Ive done five exercises. / Ive done five exercises so far.
Ive been busy lately.
They have recently bought a new car.
I havent heard that song before.
Notes
1. There is a difference in meaning between have been and have gone.
Peter has been to France. (He visited France at some time in the past.)
Peter has gone to France. (He went to France and is still there.)
2. The past participle of regular verbs is verb + -ed. For a list of irregular verbs, see page 164.
Comparison of Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple
Present Perfect Simple
actions that happened in the past but affect the present
I have lost my key. (I cant get into my house.)
actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present
Alice has worked at the college for years. (She still works there.)
Notes
1. When the exact time is stated, we use Past Simple, not Present Perfect Simple.
The film started at eight oclock. (not: The film has started at eight oclock. )
2. When since is followed by a clause (subject + verb), it is usually followed by Past Simple.
I havent spoken to Maria since I came back from my holiday. (not: since I have come back )
Hes worked there for three years. (for + period of time)
She has lived here since 2011. (since + a point in time)
How long has he worked there?
Have you ever seen a snake? (used in questions)
Has the hotel opened yet? (used in questions and negative sentences)
Past Simple
actions that happened in the past and do not affect the present
I lost my key last week. (stating a fact)
actions or states that started and finished in the past
Alice worked at the college for years. (She no longer works there.)
Present Perfect Simple
Form Use Examples
I / You / We / They have been playing
He / She / It has been playing
I / You / We / They havent been playing
He / She / It hasnt been playing
Have I / you / we / they been playing?
Has he / she / it been playing?
1. an action that started in the past and continues
in the present with an emphasis on the
duration of the action (often with for
and since)
2. a continuous action that started in the past
and has just finished. We can see the results of
the action in the present.
Sophie has been living in London since
1995.
I have been waiting for the train for two
hours.
Janes hair is wet because she has been
walking in the rain.
They have been working all day and are
tired now.
Time Expressions: lately, recently, for, since, how long, all day / morning / week
We have been travelling since eight oclock. How long has Adam been watching TV? I have been studying all afternoon.
For spelling rules for adding -ing in Present Perfect Continuous, see page 163.
Note
We dont usually use stative verbs in the continuous form.
I have had a headache all day. We have known each other for years.
Present Perfect Continuous
2
5
3
6
4
T RI VI A
C L CAR
24 25
3
unit
1 Read the sentence given and then choose the statement that best describes the situation.
1. Have you seen Peter this morning?
a. The morning is over.
b. It is still morning.
2. Jack has gone out.
a. He has already returned.
b. He has not returned yet.
3. I have been waiting half an hour for the bus.
a. The bus arrived after half an hour.
b. The bus hasnt arrived yet.
4. Sophie has been to London for a holiday.
a. Shes back at home now.
b. Shes still in London.
2 Choose the correct answer.
1. Natashas eyes are red because she has been crying / has cried. She is upset because she has been arguing / has argued
with her best friend all morning.
2. Im afraid you have been missing / have missed Dan. He has just left / has just been leaving the building.
3. Anna has lost / has been losing her phone, so she has gone / has been to look for it.
4. I havent seen / havent been seeing Tony since April. I wonder what he has done / has been doing lately.
5. Andrew has practised / has been practising his guitar all day, and he hasnt spoken / hasnt been speaking to his friends yet.
6. Joe has had / has been having his own blog for about two months now. I have been reading / have read four or five of his
articles, which are very funny.
3 Complete the texts with the time expressions given.
5. What a mess! Has Jane been decorating?
a. Jane is in the middle of decorating.
b. Jane isnt decorating anymore.
6. Ive been reading this book since Christmas.
a. I finished reading it at Christmas.
b. I am still reading it.
7. Ive known Ryan for 10 years.
a. Ryan is still my friend.
b. I knew Ryan 10 years ago.
8. Hmm Someone has eaten my chocolates.
a. Someone is still eating them now.
b. There are none left.
4 Complete the text with the verbs given. Use Present Perfect
Simple, Present Perfect Continuous or Past Simple.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us at the Annual Film
Awards. Here with me are Elie James and Henry Cove.
I (1) (talk) to them about their latest project.
Henry (2) (film) with Elie for the last six months
in South Africa. It sounds like they both (3)
(have) a great time while they were there. Coming up behind them
is Tom Harris with his girlfriend, supermodel Rosie Hinton. She
(4) (not be) to the Awards ceremony
before so she must be very excited.
And theres the child actress Lily Cavil! Its the first time she
(5) (ever appear) at the Awards. The
photographers (6) (stop) her for pictures
four times already! It looks like two of the photographers are
taking a break. They (7) (arrive) at 5 pm
and they (8) (take) pictures ever since!
Behind Lily, Andrew Grey (9)
(just arrive) in a limousine. He (10)
(win) the award for best actor last year. As usual, he looks
very smart!
Grammar
Practice

5 Complete the questions and answers with the verbs given. Use Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous
or Past Simple.
always just never for
Scientists have (1) wanted to build a flying car. They have been trying
(2) years. This Personal Air Land Vehicle is both a car and a helicopter.
The first successful test flight of the PAL-V ONE has (3) taken place.
If youve (4) heard of it, watch the video on YouTube!
lately ever since yet
The Lumeneo Smera has been on sale in Europe (5) last year. It is
one of the smallest electric cars in the world. Have you (6) seen
one? They havent sold many of these cars (7) , but people have
been showing a lot of interest in it (8) .
so far recently before already
A Swiss company has (9) invented a car called the sQuba.
It can do what no car has ever done (10) . It can run
on land and go underwater. The idea came from a James Bond film. It has
(11) cost the company $1.5 million to develop, and
(12) they havent had a single order for this car.
always
3. (you / ever be) to Spain?
2. (Jason / take) art lessons recently?
4. (you / see) that new video game yet? Its great! I (buy) it on Tuesday and
I (play) it several times already.
Yes, I (visit) Madrid before. We
(spend) a week there last Easter.
Yes, he (start) studying art last summer
and he (take) classes ever since.
Yes, it (not stop) raining
since we (arrive) here.
1. (you / know) Mark for a long time? Have you known
5. Hows the weather there?
(it / rain) all week?
Yes, I (meet) him years ago.
We (be) friends for ages.
have been talking
met
have been
since
ever
yet
lately
recently
before
already
so far

for
just
never spent
have visited
bought
have played
arrived
hasnt stopped Has it been raining
Have you seen
Have you ever been
Has Jason been taking started
has been taking
won
has just arrived
have been taking
arrived
have stopped
has ever appeared
hasnt been
had
has been filming
27
3
unit
6 Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
1. Alex moved to Liverpool five years ago. lived
Alex .................................................................................................................................. five years.
2. I first met Thomas in 1995. known
I .............................................................................................................................................. 1995.
3. We have never been to Paris before. visited
It is the first time ...................................................................................................................... Paris.
4. Painting the fence has made me tired. have
I am tired because I ........................................................................................................... the fence.
5. How long has it been snowing? start
When ................................................................................................................................ snowing?
6. Michael went to the gym hours ago. training
Michael ........................................................................................................... at the gym for hours.
7. Its 5 pm so Sarah isnt at work now. already
Its 5 pm so Sarah ................................................................................................................... home.
8. Someone phoned you a moment ago. just
Someone ................................................................................................................................... you.
PHRASAL VERBS: out
Lexical
Grammar
Maybe we should
drop out of this class.
We need to find a different
place to hang out!
Enjoy yourselves, but
dont stay out too late.
Its OK. Shes already
put out the fire!
has lived in Liverpool for
6. What? I cant
believe it!
2. Its not fair! 1. Thanks, Id
love to!
26
A friend has invited her to a party.
Her friends have asked her to go shopping with them.
3. Thats great!
4. No way!
Present Perfect
Simple &
Present Perfect
Continuous
1 Look at the
people.
2 Read the
captions and
say what has
just happened
or what has
been
happening.
SPEAK UP
It really shows that Ive
been working out.
1. Thanks, Id love to!
5. Sorry about that!
4. leave without finishing
5. spend a lot of time somewhere
1a Look at the pictures. Then write the phrasal verbs next to their definitions.
1. do physical exercise
2. be outside your home
3. make something stop burning
1b Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs.
1. Some students of medical school recently because its so difficult.
2. Marys parents dont allow her to late on school nights.
3. Paul lately to keep in shape.
4. My brother and his friends often at the mall at weekends.
5. Luckily, the firefighters the fire in the forest yesterday.
2a USING PREPOSITIONS Use the words below to complete the phrases.
good time while now minute ages
2b Choose the correct ending for each sentence.
some time
now
a minute
a while
good
ages
1. Ive no idea what Alex is doing these days. I havent heard from him for .
Ive just taken my last exam. Ive finished with school for .
2. Alice is having a big birthday party. Shes been planning it for .
Wow! I love your new haircut I didnt recognize you for .
3. Kate and I work together. Weve known each other for .
Max is going to college in October but hes working in a shop for .
for some for for a
have known Thomas since
we have ever visited
have been painting
did it start
has been training
has already gone
has just phoned
good minute
while
time
now
ages
ages
good
a while
a minute
some time
now
have dropped out
stay out
hang out
has been working out
put out
work out
stay out
put out
drop out
hang out
28 29
3
unit
3b Complete the sentences. Use adjectives or verbs with the prefix un- or dis-. Use each word only once.
1. When you go on holiday, dont take things like a hair drier, which most hotels have anyway.
2. This cant be the right key because it wont the door.
3. Everyone has a mobile phone today, so my parents have decided to the landline at home.
4. When you write an essay, present two main points and support them. Dont write lots of points.
5. I couldnt the zip on my new bag, so I took it back to the shop.
6. My desk is so that I cant find my phone.
3c Complete the text with the correct form of the word at the end of each line.
3a WORD BUILDING: prefixes un-, dis- Complete the charts.
2 Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1. This is the worst pizza I .
a. have ever tasted
b. never have tasted
c. ever been tasting
d. have never been tasting
2. Did you see Daniel last week?
Yes, and he me three times since then.
a. called
b. has called
c. is calling
d. has been calling
3. We all morning and we still havent reached
the hotel.
a. are driving
b. were driving
c. drove
d. have been driving
4. John is so hungry! He anything since yesterday.
a. wasnt eating
b. has to eat
c. hasnt eaten
d. didnt eat
5. taken part in a reality show?
a. Did you ever
b. You ever were
c. Have you ever
d. You ever have
6. I havent seen Tim since he his new job.
a. was starting
b. started
c. has started
d. has been starting
7. Have you found a dress that you like?
No. Ive tried on five but nothing suits me!
a. yet
b. just
c. so far
d. lately
8. Children often out late during the summer.
a. turn
b. drop
c. put
d. stay
9. The library has been closed for some .
a. time
b. ages
c. while
d. minute
10. It was to give the whole class such a difficult exam
because most of the students failed.
a. unimportant
b. unpopular
c. unfair
d. unnecessary
B2 Exam
Practice
POPULAR
RESPECTFUL
PACK
TIDY
HONEST
LIKE
AGREE
FAIR
According to hotel owners, not all guests behave well during their stay. Certain guests are
very (1) with hotel owners because their behaviour is extremely
(2) towards the hotel and its staff.
For example, when tourists arrive at a hotel, the first thing they usually do is rush off to the
swimming pool. They dont bother to (3) their suitcases and put their
clothes away. During their stay, some guests leave the room so (4) that the
cleaning staff have a hard time doing their job. Others actually damage the furniture or even steal
things from the room, like the televisions! All this costs the hotel a lot of money. In addition,
there are (5) guests who leave the hotel without paying!
As a result, hotel owners have set up a website called GUESTSCAN. This website allows members
to enter a guests name and find out if they have caused trouble in other hotels. Although some
hotel owners (6) having to check up on their guests, they want to protect
their businesses. Others (7) with using this website, saying it is terribly
(8) to give out personal details about guests. However, owners only name the
guests who have caused serious trouble, not the guests who treat the hotel and staff with respect.
GUESTSCAN
Have you (1) tried fried ants? What about roasted caterpillars? It
might sound strange, but in many parts of the world, people have (2)
eating insects for thousands of years.
One country where insects are popular is Mexico. According to biologist Julieta
Ramos-Elorduy, over 1,700 different kinds of insects are eaten in Mexico today. Julieta
has been collecting recipes that include insects (3) years. She actually
wrote a cookbook a few years (4) that included recipes for wasp salad
and fried dragonflies! At first, there were people who (5) not accept
the idea of eating insects as food, but because of her cookbook, they are now more
willing to try them.
Insects are very popular in Thailand too. In fact, people in villages have (6)
started farming insects. Instead of keeping pigs, chickens and cows, they now keep
crickets and ants, and sell them to big city markets. About 20,000 families have set up
insect farms (7) the year 2000.
Studies (8) shown that insects are good for us because they contain a
lot of protein and vitamins. Theyre also cheap and taste delicious. At least, thats what
people who eat them say!
INSECTS FOR LUNCH?
1 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
We form the opposite of some adjectives and verbs
by adding the prefix un- or dis-.
fair unfair
organized disorganized
appear disappear
adjective
fair
honest
important
necessary
organized
popular
respectful
tidy
verb
appear
agree
connect
do
like
lock
pack
dis un
organized disorganized
unnecessary
unlock
disconnect
unimportant
undo
disorganized
unpack
dishonest
untidy
unpopular
disrespectful
dislike
unfair
disagree
ever
been
for
ago
did
recently
since
have
dis
un
un
dis
un
dis
dis
un
dis
un
dis
un
un