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PredInt.xls
Page 1
PredInt.xls
This spreadsheet is intended for teaching purposes. You are welcome to use it in any manner,
and change it as you see fit. This model comes without any guarantee whatsoever, and is
distributed free of charge.
New in Version 8: Compatibality with Excel 2007 and 2003
From earlier versions: Easy-to-copy Prediction Interval formulas,Line-fit Plots with y and y-hat,
Standardized residuals, outlier detection, residual plots and line-fit plots,
and a Normal Probability Plot to determine if residuals have the normal distribution.
Prediction Intervals are confidence intervals surrounding a predicted value of Y. The predicted
value of Y is obtained by plugging a set of X values into the linear regression equations, using
the coefficients obtained by doing a regression. For example, suppose you ran a regression that
explains demand as a function of price and advertising, and the result was:
Demand = 500 - 5*Price + 0.01*Advertising
If you wish to predict what demand would be if price = $10 and advertising = $20,000, plug them in:
Predicted Demand = 500 - 5*10 + 0.01*20,000 = 650
To quantify how accurate this prediction may be, a prediction interval is often used. Unfortunately,
the Excel regression tool does not have this feature.
To make prediction intervals available for my students, I wrote the PredictionInterval macro, which
is part of this workbook. It automatically adds a worksheet on which the analysis is displayed.
Step 1: Enter your data on a fresh worksheet.
A. Select an empty sheet, or add a new sheet using Shift-F11, or
For Excel 2003, From the menu bar, select Insert, Worksheet
For Excel 2007, on the Home tab, click on the down arrow next to Insert, and select Worksheet
B. Type the data manually, or copy/paste it from another document.
The following requirements must be satisfied:
C. The top row of your data should contain names for each of the variables.
Each row below that should contain values for all of the variables. A row is one observation.
D. All of the Variables need to be side-by-side. (That is, they have to be in adjacent columns.)
The "Dependent Variable", Y, (also called the Criterion Variable) may be in any column.
The usual arrangement is to put Y in column A, and the X variables in the remaining columns.
However, this arrangement is not necessary. The program will allow you to select any of
your variables as Y and X.
The figure below shows part of the data from the example on the GPA worksheet.
Dependent variable
GPA
Independent variables, X
Gender
4.15
3.76
3.02
2.9
2.96
4.22
Work
0
1
0
0
0
0
GMAT
0
4
8
3
9
1
680
630
650
590
660
610
Sheet: Directions
PredInt.xls
Page 2
CoefStandard
P-value
Lower
Upper
X Values for
ficients
Error
t Stat
(2-tails)
95%
95%
Prediction
2.2824953 0.467448 4.88289 2.71E-06 1.358657 3.206333
0.2559016 0.082582 3.098767 0.002332 0.092691 0.419112 0.253333333
-0.046813 0.014787 -3.16581 0.001883 -0.07604 -0.01759
4.86
0.0018435 0.000723 2.548962 0.011837 0.000414 0.003273 628.3333333
Prediction Interval for a Single Observation
Predicted 3.278133338
of GPA, with the X Values that you
Standard Error 0.437520136
enter in the yellow boxes.
Lower 95% 2.413442329
Upper 95% 4.142824347
Confidence Interval for Expected GPA
Fit 3.278133338
while holding X constant at the values that you
Standard Error 0.035604884
enter in the yellow boxes.
Lower 95% 3.207765782
Upper 95% 3.348500895
Notice that the confidence interval is narrower than the prediction interval. This is always true.
There is more uncertainty in predicting a single outcome than in predicting a "large sample" average.
Preparing and Graphing Multiple Predictions:
You may copy the formulas in the column under "X Values for Prediction" and change the X values
to make a series of predictions. For example, on the GPA Results worksheet there are several copies
of that column, and the X values were changed to represent a male with varying GMAT scores.
This handy arrangement makes it easy to plot a series of predictions, together with the upper
and lower values corresponding to the level of confidence that you select.
Sheet: Directions
PredInt.xls
Technical Notes:
There is very little error checking built into the macro, so if your data has problems the
routine could fail. In that case, you might want to run the Excel regression tool, and see if it gives
you any advice about what might be wrong.
The Excel regression tool may be found in menu Tools, DataAnalysis, Regression
which is available if you have installed two of Excel's Add-ins:
Analysis Toolpack and Analysis Toolpack (VBA).
Standardized Residuals & Outliers, Leverage & Influential Observations
Excel's regression tool prints standardized residuals, but they are not the same as the ones used in
MINITAB and other statistical packages. I have added standardized residuals to the output, matching
the ones in MINITAB.
Standardized residuals that exceed 2.0 are indicated as "outliers". If the regression assumption
is satisfied, approximately 5% of the observations should have residuals that large or larger. The output
now "flags" those observations with the word "outlier" in the last column of the residual output.
A term called "leverage" is used to detect "influential observations", those with leverage exceeding
3(p + 1)/2 in which p is the number of independent (predictor) variables. A term with high leverage
has the potential of having an undue influence on the estimates of the regression coefficients.
This is usually the result of having an unusually large value for one or more of the independent
variables. Those observations are flagged "influential" in the last column of the residual output.
Excel also produces residual plots and line-fit plots, which allow you to determine visually the
accuracy of the regression assumptions. However, the scales of those plots are not suitable for
accurate visual assessment. I have added plots of the standardized residuals and line-fit plots to
this program. The vertical axis of a residual plot is the standardized residual.
The vertical axis of a line-fit plot is the actual value of y, the dependent variable.
The output now includes two plots (residual and line-fit) for each independent (predictor) variable.
In addition, it includes the most commonly used residual plot, which uses the predicted (fitted) values
of y on the horizontal axis. Excel's regression tool does not produce that plot.
Normal Probability Plot
Excel's regression tool has an option to do a Normal Probability Plot. However, the plot that they use
is not the same as the ones in most statistical packages.
The Normal Probability Plot produced by this PredictionInterval macro is the same as you would
get from most programs. It includes a set of points and a straight line at about a 45 degree angle.
Ideally, the points should lie very close to the line. Large deviations from a straight line calls
into question the assumption that the residuals have the normal probability distribution. All of the
p-values are based on that assumption, as are the confidence and prediction intervals.
However, modest deviations from the normal distribution are not fatal. The statistics are fairly robust
to this assumption.
Page 3
Charts ==>
Note: This graph was made
from data in these columns,
which were produced by copying the
"X Values for Prediction" column.
and entering new X values.
= Standard Deviation of Residuals
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total
Dependent (Criterion)
Variable: GPA
Intercept
Gender
Work
GMAT
Confidence Level
0.95
SS
MS
F
Significance (p-value) for F
3 5.889077 1.963026 10.32323 3.33E-06
146 27.7628 0.190156 = Variance of Residuals
149 33.65188 0.225852 = Variance of Dependent Variable
CoefStandard
P-value
Lower
Upper
X Values for
ficients
Error
t Stat
(2-tails)
95%
95%
Prediction
2.2824954 0.467448 4.88289 2.71E-06 1.358657 3.206333
0.2559016 0.082582 3.098767 0.002332 0.092691 0.419112 0.253333333
-0.046813 0.014787 -3.16581 0.001883 -0.07604 -0.01759
4.86
0.0018435 0.000723 2.548962 0.011837 0.000414 0.003273 628.3333333
Prediction Interval for a Single Observation
Predicted 3.278133333
of GPA, with the X Values that you
Standard Error 0.437520138
enter in the yellow boxes.
Lower 95% 2.41344231
Upper 95% 4.142824357
Confidence Interval for Expected GPA
Fit 3.278133333
while holding X constant at the values that you
Standard Error 0.035604884
enter in the yellow boxes.
Lower 95% 3.207765776
Upper 95% 3.348500891
3.5360631
3.5125382
3.106254
3.2297105
3.0778757
3.3602063
3.3233366
3.5947689
3.3488108
3.4756686
3.5011427
3.1161974
3.1360843
3.0240233
3.6699602
3.5877296
3.2813769
3.3786411
3.3388673
Work
GMAT
-0.00163 -0.00033
0.000157 -1.1E-06
0.000219 8.35E-07
8.35E-07 5.23E-07
StDev of
Fit
Residual
y - yHat
StDev of
Residual
0.090894
0.070899
0.063115
0.058954
0.076719
0.07452
0.079144
0.087699
0.057328
0.072546
0.096929
0.050451
0.049362
0.059656
0.08418
0.079242
0.101513
0.073178
0.06665
0.613937
0.247462
-0.08625
-0.32971
-0.11788
0.859794
-0.15334
0.135231
-0.13881
-0.04567
-0.22114
-0.3262
-0.11608
-0.06402
-0.42996
-0.25773
-0.33138
0.011359
0.101133
0.426491
0.430267
0.431477
0.432066
0.429267
0.429654
0.428827
0.427159
0.432284
0.429992
0.42516
0.433141
0.433266
0.431969
0.427867
0.428809
0.424089
0.429885
0.430945
Standardi
zed
Residual
1.439508
0.575136
-0.1999
-0.7631
-0.2746
2.001129
-0.35757
0.316582
-0.32111
-0.10621
-0.52014
-0.7531
-0.26793
-0.14821
-1.00489
-0.60104
-0.78139
0.026423
0.234676
Leverage
Notes
0.043447
0.026434
0.020948
0.018277
0.030953
0.029204 Outlier
0.03294
0.040446
0.017283
0.027677
0.049408
0.013385
0.012814
0.018716
0.037266
0.033022
0.054191
0.028161
0.023361
5
4
3
2
1
0
600
1
4
650
3.549408
0.442001
2.675861
4.422955
3.549408
0.072172
3.406771
3.692045
650
700
1
4
670
3.586278
0.44268
2.711389
4.461166
3.586278
0.07622
3.435641
3.736914
750
1
4
690
3.623147
0.44383
2.745987
4.500308
3.623147
0.082635
3.459833
3.786462
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
3.2736194
3.2013322
3.3786411
3.4089686
3.4424369
2.9587754
3.5763341
3.1862987
3.3551162
3.0041364
3.0325147
3.3005456
3.5508599
3.1828974
3.0708364
3.3303759
3.3941718
3.3701497
3.0424581
3.1644626
3.2282584
3.0608929
3.7167733
3.3303759
3.265128
3.5409165
3.0594409
3.3587542
3.153067
3.4203641
3.7635864
3.1261409
2.9672668
3.4155107
3.214677
3.0807798
3.2714335
3.0594409
3.1913888
3.2098236
3.1644626
3.2935063
3.4104207
3.6345427
3.331828
3.2949584
3.1346322
3.5360631
3.1346322
3.6047123
3.2835629
2.8935275
3.0807798
3.3672456
3.5692948
3.0439102
3.4807586
3.462821
3.6231471
3.2183149
2.9403406
3.4155107
3.153067
3.1814453
3.0240233
3.0992147
3.2183149
0.063564
0.048785
0.073178
0.082817
0.069996
0.071086
0.083713
0.1037
0.083486
0.071404
0.060675
0.091455
0.082412
0.05232
0.054788
0.052982
0.08477
0.09118
0.056097
0.056564
0.042179
0.053288
0.088213
0.052982
0.047416
0.073941
0.074378
0.055258
0.053592
0.080012
0.094414
0.045052
0.073025
0.07261
0.097626
0.063926
0.093867
0.074378
0.041572
0.041247
0.056564
0.046497
0.074613
0.086769
0.061582
0.06527
0.05154
0.090894
0.05154
0.079162
0.05138
0.084
0.063926
0.062214
0.080518
0.075561
0.085659
0.125405
0.082635
0.050017
0.075217
0.07261
0.053592
0.044711
0.059656
0.058583
0.050017
0.026381
-0.33133
0.241359
-0.51897
-0.26244
0.101225
-0.52633
-0.1963
-0.12512
0.215864
-0.83251
-0.39055
-0.92086
-0.9029
-0.06084
-0.77038
-0.08417
0.01985
-0.50246
-0.10446
0.411742
-0.13089
0.463227
0.309624
0.354872
-0.21092
0.440559
0.851246
0.516933
0.689636
-0.07359
-0.58614
-0.20727
-0.18551
-0.78468
0.34922
1.138567
1.210559
0.018611
-0.37982
0.425537
-0.95351
0.389579
0.445457
0.588172
-0.39496
0.045368
0.273937
-0.21463
-0.60471
-0.58356
-0.45353
0.58922
-0.38725
0.010705
-0.07391
-0.42076
-0.01282
0.596853
-0.68831
0.299659
-0.40551
-0.05307
0.558555
0.605977
0.600785
0.181685
0.431411
0.433331
0.429885
0.428133
0.430415
0.430236
0.427958
0.423559
0.428003
0.430183
0.431827
0.426371
0.428211
0.432919
0.432613
0.432838
0.42775
0.42643
0.432446
0.432385
0.434024
0.432801
0.427053
0.432838
0.433483
0.429754
0.429679
0.432554
0.432763
0.428666
0.425725
0.433736
0.429911
0.429981
0.425
0.431358
0.425846
0.429679
0.434083
0.434114
0.432385
0.433583
0.429638
0.427349
0.431699
0.431157
0.433012
0.426491
0.433012
0.428823
0.433032
0.427902
0.431358
0.431608
0.428571
0.429473
0.427573
0.417648
0.428168
0.433191
0.429533
0.429981
0.432763
0.433771
0.431969
0.432116
0.433191
0.061149
-0.76462
0.56145
-1.21217
-0.60973
0.235277
-1.22987
-0.46345
-0.29233
0.501795
-1.92789
-0.91598
-2.15048
-2.0856
-0.14063
-1.77982
-0.19678
0.04655
-1.1619
-0.2416
0.94866
-0.30243
1.084704
0.715334
0.818652
-0.49078
1.025322
1.967954
1.194494
1.608797
-0.17285
-1.35138
-0.48212
-0.43144
-1.8463
0.809583
2.673656
2.817357
0.042875
-0.87494
0.984164
-2.19913
0.906761
1.042373
1.362459
-0.91604
0.104772
0.642304
-0.49567
-1.41017
-1.34762
-1.05989
1.365966
-0.89722
0.024979
-0.1721
-0.98406
-0.0307
1.393969
-1.58894
0.69764
-0.94309
-0.12262
1.287672
1.402824
1.390333
0.419411
0.021247
0.012516
0.028161
0.036069
0.025765
0.026574
0.036854
0.056552
0.036654
0.026813
0.01936
0.043985
0.035716
0.014396
0.015786
0.014762
0.03779
0.043721
0.016549
0.016825
0.009356
0.014933
0.040922
0.014762
0.011824
0.028751
0.029093
0.016057
0.015104
0.033667
0.046877
0.010674
0.028043
0.027725
0.050121
0.02149
0.046336
0.029093
0.009089
0.008947
0.016825
0.01137
0.029277
0.039593
0.019943
0.022403
0.01397
0.043447
0.01397
0.032955
0.013883
0.037106
0.02149
0.020355
0.034094
0.030025
0.038587
0.082702
0.03591
0.013156
0.029752
0.027725
0.015104
0.010513
0.018716
0.018048
0.013156
Outlier
Outlier
Outlier
Outlier
Outlier
Influential
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
3.0608929
3.3536642
3.1261409
3.4019293
3.7267168
3.0424581
3.3834945
3.0963105
3.3119411
3.0225712
3.1630105
2.8297317
3.2765236
3.2282584
3.1913888
3.3233366
3.42255
3.375737
3.0822319
3.331828
3.755095
3.2183149
3.3303759
2.9672668
2.9687188
3.0240233
3.6784516
3.2750715
3.4288555
3.1176495
3.1899367
3.1091581
3.2013322
3.48925
2.9034709
3.2367498
3.4742165
3.0608929
3.331828
3.3970759
3.1899367
3.2935063
3.377189
3.4962893
3.1261409
3.2183149
3.7167733
3.4339456
3.1899367
3.2047335
3.2098236
3.1275929
3.4472903
3.3034497
3.2083715
3.1913888
3.2069194
3.1545191
2.9687188
3.4870641
3.2466932
3.1814453
3.5692948
3.4089686
0.053288
0.081191
0.045052
0.083611
0.089416
0.056097
0.087661
0.079651
0.049318
0.071683
0.043642
0.107151
0.068198
0.042179
0.041572
0.079144
0.07906
0.078529
0.101167
0.061582
0.096502
0.050017
0.052982
0.073025
0.073637
0.059656
0.095612
0.044681
0.072861
0.053684
0.060145
0.072203
0.048785
0.079762
0.084737
0.053944
0.07844
0.053288
0.061582
0.072535
0.060145
0.046497
0.058409
0.104347
0.045052
0.050017
0.088213
0.073401
0.060145
0.10175
0.041247
0.066614
0.071799
0.051056
0.064397
0.041572
0.10626
0.045781
0.073637
0.110555
0.044287
0.044711
0.080518
0.082817
-0.52089
0.036336
0.583859
-0.41193
0.223283
0.097542
0.736506
0.533689
0.018059
-0.01257
0.03699
0.030268
0.003476
0.111742
0.148611
-0.09334
-0.02255
-0.21574
-0.51223
0.548172
0.184905
0.081685
0.359624
-0.41727
0.861281
0.125977
0.961548
-0.11507
0.531144
-0.74765
-0.10994
0.700842
0.068668
-0.01925
-0.17347
-0.44675
0.085783
-0.44089
0.248172
0.082924
0.430063
0.006494
0.002811
-0.41629
0.153859
-0.22831
0.003227
-0.49395
-0.09994
0.235266
0.060176
-0.78759
-0.03729
0.07655
0.821628
0.308611
0.173081
-0.21452
-0.03872
-0.09706
0.193307
0.128555
-0.68929
-0.61897
0.432801
0.428444
0.433736
0.427978
0.426803
0.432446
0.427167
0.428733
0.433271
0.430137
0.43388
0.4227
0.430703
0.434024
0.434083
0.428827
0.428842
0.42894
0.424172
0.431699
0.425257
0.433191
0.432838
0.429911
0.429807
0.431969
0.425458
0.433774
0.429939
0.432752
0.431901
0.43005
0.433331
0.428712
0.427757
0.43272
0.428956
0.432801
0.431699
0.429994
0.431901
0.433583
0.43214
0.4234
0.433736
0.433191
0.427053
0.429847
0.431901
0.424032
0.434114
0.430951
0.430118
0.43307
0.431288
0.434083
0.422924
0.433659
0.429807
0.421822
0.433814
0.433771
0.428571
0.428133
-1.20354
0.084809
1.346118
-0.9625
0.523153
0.225559
1.724162
1.244806
0.04168
-0.02923
0.085253
0.071607
0.008072
0.257455
0.342357
-0.21766
-0.05258
-0.50295
-1.20761
1.269802
0.434808
0.188566
0.830851
-0.97059
2.00388
0.291634
2.260031
-0.26528
1.235396
-1.72766
-0.25454
1.629676
0.158465
-0.0449
-0.40554
-1.03242
0.199982
-1.0187
0.574873
0.192849
0.995744
0.014977
0.006505
-0.9832
0.35473
-0.52705
0.007556
-1.14912
-0.23139
0.554832
0.138619
-1.82757
-0.0867
0.176762
1.905058
0.71095
0.409247
-0.49467
-0.09008
-0.23011
0.445598
0.296365
-1.60836
-1.44574
0.014933
0.034667
0.010674
0.036764
0.042045
0.016549
0.040411
0.033363
0.012791
0.027022
0.010016
0.060378
0.024459
0.009356
0.009089
0.03294
0.03287
0.03243
0.053823
0.019943
0.048973
0.013156
0.014762
0.028043
0.028515 Outlier
0.018716
0.048074 Outlier
0.010499
0.027918
0.015156
0.019023
0.027416
0.012516
0.033456
0.03776
0.015303
0.032357
0.014933
0.019943
0.027668
0.019023
0.01137
0.017941
0.057259
0.010674
0.013156
0.040922
0.028333
0.019023
0.054445
0.008947
0.023336
0.027109
0.013708
0.021808
0.009089
0.059379
0.011022
0.028515
0.064275
0.010315
0.010513
0.034094
0.036069
Predicted
Lower 95%
Upper 95%
750
1
4
710
3.660017
0.445446
2.779662
4.540372
3.660017
0.090917
3.480333
3.839701
1
4
730
3.696886
0.447524
2.812424
4.581349
3.696886
0.100608
3.498051
3.895722
Normal
Scores
0.641232
0.293553
-0.099057
-0.312071
-0.159925
0.815197
-0.191492
0.199536
-0.183512
-0.04738
-0.266724
-0.302744
-0.152169
-0.069404
-0.438631
-0.284491
-0.33117
0.040069
0.159925
0.069404
-0.321543
0.284491
-0.533349
-0.293553
0.167733
-0.565525
-0.215834
-0.167733
0.258006
-0.861295
-0.361078
-1.00156
-0.919684
-0.062046
-0.743516
-0.091606
0.062046
-0.503841
-0.129176
0.39279
-0.175594
0.450869
0.34096
0.361078
-0.23244
0.426729
0.776738
0.463472
0.663504
-0.076782
-0.601115
-0.224096
-0.207649
-0.776738
0.350926
1.00156
1.150708
0.054705
-0.34096
0.403831
-1.150708
0.381995
0.438631
0.549064
-0.37143
0.099057
0.312071
-0.249389
-0.620517
-0.582835
-0.476476
0.565525
-0.350926
0.032768
-0.084182
-0.426729
-0.010914
0.582835
-0.663504
0.321543
-0.381995
-0.054705
0.518298
0.620517
0.601115
0.23244
-0.549064
0.084182
0.533349
-0.39279
0.266724
0.152169
0.714123
0.489917
0.04738
-0.003638
0.091606
0.076782
0.018193
0.175594
0.207649
-0.106537
-0.025477
-0.258006
-0.518298
0.503841
0.240869
0.129176
0.37143
-0.415137
0.861295
0.183512
0.919684
-0.144461
0.476476
-0.714123
-0.136798
0.687656
0.114049
-0.018193
-0.199536
-0.463472
0.144461
-0.450869
0.302744
0.136798
0.415137
0.025477
0.003638
-0.403831
0.215834
-0.275551
0.010914
-0.489917
-0.121594
0.275551
0.106537
-0.815197
-0.032768
0.121594
0.743516
0.33117
0.224096
-0.240869
-0.040069
-0.114049
0.249389
0.191492
-0.687656
-0.641232
1.5
Normal Scores
Standardized Residual
Residual Plot
1
0
-1
0.5
0
-0.5
-2
-1
-3
-1.5
2.7
3.2
3.7
-1.5
-1
-0.5
Fit of GPA
0.5
Residuals
5
Residual Plot
GPA
Fit of GPA
4.5
4
3.5
3
GPA
Standardized Residual
4
2
1
2.5
2
1.5
-1
-2
0.5
-3
0
-0.3
0.2
0.7
1.2
-0.3
0.2
Gender
0.7
1.2
Gender
5
Residual Plot
GPA
Fit of GPA
4.5
4
3.5
3
GPA
Standardized Residual
4
2
1
2.5
2
1.5
-1
-2
0.5
-3
0
-3
12
-3
Work
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
GPA
Standardized Residual
7
Work
Residual Plot
2.5
2
1.5
-1
-2
0.5
GPA
Fit of GPA
12
1.5
Standardized Residu
-1
-2
0.5
-3
0
450
550
650
GMAT
750
450
550
650
GMAT
750
Sheet: GPA
Observ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
GPA
Gender Work GMAT Major
4.15
0
0
680
1
3.76
1
4
630
1
3.02
0
8
650
3
2.9
0
3
590
1
2.96
0
9
660
3
4.22
0
1
610
2
3.17
0
1
590
3
3.73
1
5
700
1
3.21
0
4
680
5
3.43
1
4
610
2
3.28
1
7
700
5
2.79
0
7
630
3
3.02
0
5
590
2
2.96
0
7
580
1
3.24
1
3
690
5
3.33
1
2
620
3
2.95
1
5
530
5
3.39
0
1
620
3
3.44
0
5
700
3
3.3
0
6
690
3
2.87
0
4
600
2
3.62
0
1
620
3
2.89
1
7
650
1
3.18
0
2
680
1
3.06
0
8
570
1
3.05
1
5
690
6
2.99
1
9
580
4
3.23
1
5
570
4
3.22
0
9
620
6
2.2
0
8
610
5
2.91
0
7
730
4
2.63
1
2
600
6
2.28
0
4
590
6
3.01
0
6
580
6
2.56
0
4
670
1
3.31
0
5
730
5
3.39
0
0
590
2
2.54
0
7
590
1
3.06
0
4
580
7
3.64
0
5
640
2
2.93
0
7
600
3
4.18
1
2
690
4
3.64
0
4
670
2
3.62
0
5
660
1
3.33
1
3
620
4
3.5
0
9
650
6
4.21
0
3
660
1
3.67
0
7
650
1
4.11
1
4
580
4
3.69
1
1
690
5
2.54
0
6
610
6
2.76
0
9
600
1
3.23
0
1
640
5
2.43
1
8
570
6
3.43
0
5
560
1
4.41
1
6
550
4
4.27
0
9
650
1
PredInt.xls
Page 12
Sheet: GPA
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
PredInt.xls
3.21
2.83
3.59
2.34
3.8
4.08
3.92
2.9
3.18
3.81
2.92
3
2.7
2.44
3.67
2.98
3.58
2.97
3.06
3.45
4.22
2.53
3.24
3.01
3.1
3.74
3.63
3.7
3.4
2.54
3.39
3.71
2.99
3.95
3.14
4.12
3.63
3.33
3.01
3.2
2.86
3.28
3.34
3.34
3.23
3.4
3.16
2.57
3.88
3.94
3.3
3.69
2.55
3.83
3.15
4.64
3.16
3.96
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
5
4
4
5
1
2
2
7
0
7
4
5
9
5
4
2
5
0
9
4
6
8
1
7
6
7
5
6
7
7
6
4
1
7
4
9
4
9
6
8
2
5
5
1
4
5
3
2
0
6
4
9
7
7
4
4
5
620
630
580
650
600
620
620
600
640
680
640
680
670
560
560
690
610
540
650
730
690
660
560
640
650
640
580
570
660
600
620
610
570
670
590
560
670
660
630
630
500
590
640
620
590
720
720
510
620
660
660
670
600
550
580
720
640
610
2
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
5
2
2
2
5
4
2
1
6
3
1
1
4
5
3
1
2
4
2
1
4
2
1
3
1
4
6
3
6
1
2
5
2
6
4
6
1
3
3
2
6
5
4
Page 13
Sheet: GPA
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
PredInt.xls
2.37
3.08
3.81
3.27
3.47
2.73
2.79
3.56
2.62
3.58
3.48
3.62
3.3
3.38
3.08
3.28
2.99
3.72
2.94
3.09
3.44
3.27
2.34
3.41
3.38
4.03
3.5
3.38
2.94
2.93
3.39
3.44
3.31
2.88
2.79
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
5
7
4
4
1
8
6
6
7
2
1
7
4
3
4
6
6
2
1
7
9
5
4
5
3
7
5
9
5
7
1
5
6
2
7
580
670
550
600
680
540
670
660
600
620
630
670
650
670
760
610
660
690
650
670
590
630
560
620
630
680
620
730
600
550
540
650
640
610
650
1
6
3
1
3
2
2
3
6
3
1
4
3
1
3
4
6
3
1
6
4
3
3
1
3
1
3
2
1
3
1
2
3
2
7
Page 14
246708887.xls.ms_office, Warning, p. 15 of 17
246708887.xls.ms_office, Warning, p. 16 of 17
E. Exit from Excel. Closing the file is not enough. On the menu bar, select File, and then Exit.
F. Open this file again and follow the instructions in STEP 1 to enable the macros.
For Excel 2003,
A. On the menu bar at the top of this page, select Tools, then Macro, then Security.
B. On the Security Level tab, select Medium and click OK.
C. Then exit from Excel. Closing the file is not enough. On the menu bar, select File, and then Exit.
D. Open this file again and follow the instructions in STEP 1 to enable the macros.
246708887.xls.ms_office, Warning, p. 17 of 17