Differentiate between Using and Drop pseudo op codes?

Ans:- USING
Using pseudo op indicate assembler which general register as a base register and what its
contents.
As address are relative When programmer alert assembler the address contain in base register,
then assembler able to produce machine code with correct base register and offset.
USING statement causes entry to the table
Drop
Drop pseudo op indicate assembler that general register as a base register as created in
USING let remove it
DROP statement removes the corresponding table entry.
The drop pseudo-op does not have to precede the using pseudo-op when changing the base
address
What is the difference between open subroutine and close subroutine?
Subroutines allow us to either to repeat a computation or to repeat the computation with different
arguments.
Subroutines can be used in such situations
Open subroutine is one whose code is inserted into the main program. A closed subroutine can be
stored outside the main routine and control transfers to the subroutine. If the same open subroutine
were called four items it would appear in four different places in the calling program. Open subroutine
also called macro definition. Closed subroutine must perform two tasks in main program: transfer of
control and transfer of data. Closed subroutines had to be loaded into memory at a specific address.
Define and differenciatebetween pseudo op and machine op?
A machine op is translate into an instruction where as pseudo op is an assembler directive where as it
passes information to assembler.
A pseudo op does not generate code except DS(Define storage) and DC(Define constant) where as in
machine op operand field specifies how to locate the operand.
d)what are the four function of a loader?
A loader is a system program that performs the loading function. It brings object program into memory
and starts its execution. The role of loader is as shown in In figure 1 translator may be
assembler/complier, which generates the object program and later loaded to the memory by the loader
for execution. In figure 2 the translator is specifically an assembler, which generates the object loaded,
which becomes input to the loader. The figure 3 shows the role of both loader and linker.

Fig-1 The Role of Loader

Figure 2: The Role of Loader with Assembler

Figure 3 : The Role of both Loader and Linker
What is a macroprocessor? What are the functions performed by macro processor?
Ans:-A macro processor is a program that substitutes and specializes macro definitions for macro calls.
A macro call is a name for some code. where as macro definition is a sequence of code associated with
macrocall.
Function perform by macro processor are calling macro definition and expand the macrodefinition and
substitute constitute value on macro position.