Indirect Speech

Reported Speech
1.He goes out every day.
He told me (that) he went out every day.
Present Tense SimplePast Tense Simple
Exception: e.g. Wood floats on water. (eternal truth)
The teacher said that wood floats on water.
.He is going to school now.
He said that he was going to school then.
Present Tense ContinuousPast Tense Continuous
nowthen
!.He went to school yesterday.
He said that he had gone to school the day before.
Past Tense SimplePast Perfect Simple
yesterdaythe day before
last weekthe week before
a week agothe week before
".He was going to school at that time.
He said that he had been going to school at that time.
Past Tense ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous
Exceptions: Past Tense Simple and Past Tense Continuous do not change in time
clauses(cand).
e.g. When # was living in $ondon # o%ten went to the &ritish 'useum.
He said that when he was living in $ondon he o%ten had gone to the &ritish
'useum.
(.# have )ust eaten.
He said that he had )ust eaten.
Present PerfectPast Perfect
*.# had )ust eaten.
He said that he had )ust eaten.
Past PerfectPast Perfect
If # were you # would visit him.(
nd
type)
He said that if he were me he would visit him.
If # had been you # would have visited him.
He said that if he had been me he would have visited him.
+.# have been eating %or an hour.
He said that he had been eating %or an hour.
Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous
1,!
-. #.ll be there in an hour.
He said that he would be there in an hour.
uture Simpleuture in the Past
/.!odals
maymightto be allowed to,permitted to or to be possible
cancouldto be able to
musthad to
Exceptions(three exceptions):
1."ogical deduction:
e.g. He must be out 0ecause the light is not on.
He said that he must be out 0ecause the light was not on.
.Strong Intention
e.g.# must tell you a0out a dream # had last night.
He said that he must tell me a0out a dream he had had the night before.
!.Rules and regulations
e.g. 1ou mustn#t smoke in hospitals.
He said that # mustn#t smoke in hospitals.
12.$uestions
333with 4uestion words(what,who,when)
What is he doing here5
He asked what he was doing there.
What is your name5
He asked what my name was.
333with no 4uestion words.
%id he come last night5
He asked if he had come the night before.
Will she back up your story5
He asked if she would back up my story.
Were you there5
He asked if # had been there.
&o did'does in reported (uestions666
11)Imperatives
e.g. *o there6
He ordered me to go there.

%on#t come here6
He ordered me not to come there.
now+then I+he'she
here+there you+I
sg this+that my+his'her
pl these+those mine+his'hers
today+that day tomorrow+the ne,t day
yesterday+the day before
,!
Sub-unctives do not change in Reported Speech...
!,!