Chapter 14

Programming and Languages

Multiple Choice
1. A(n) __________ is a list of instructions detailing the steps needed to perform a
task.
a) program
b) punch card
c) agenda
d) plan
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "##
$esponse: A program is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to
accomplish the task of processing data into information.
%. &he actual coding of a program is done by a(n)
a) systems analyst
b) software engineer
c) end'user
d) database administrator
Answer: (
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "#*
$esponse: +oftware engineers would complete the coding of a program.
". !rogram ob,ectives- desired outputs- needed inputs- and processing re.uirements
are all recorded in the
a) program tracking log
b) pro,ect management database
c) program specifications document
d) management information system
Answer: /
Difficulty level: "#*
!age: "*0
$esponse: All of these items are outlined in the program specifications document.
1. &he information software produces after it has processed the input is called
a) flowchart
b) output
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c) ob,ective
d) prototype
Answer: (
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "*0
$esponse: &he output is what has been produced after the input has been
processed.
2. &he information that a program re.uires in order to accomplish its ob,ective is
called the
a) data
b) contribution
c) effort
d) input
Answer: D
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "*0
$esponse: 3nce you know the output- you then determine the input data and the
source of this data.
4. &he program5s processing steps are grouped into logically'related programming
statements called
a) modules
b) unit
c) ob,ect
d) component
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*%
$esponse: !rocessing steps are called program modules (modules).
6. 7lowcharts and pseudocode are e8amples of tools used in the program
__________ phase.
a) specification
b) design
c) code
d) test
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: !seudocode and flowcharts are tools used in program design.
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#. &he programming tool that uses linked symbols to show the se.uence of steps
needed to solve a programming problem.
a) grid table
b) pseudocode
c) algorithm
d) flowchart
Answer: D
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "*"
$esponse: 7lowcharts graphically present the detailed se.uence of steps needed to
solve a program by using symbols.
*. 9n a(n) __________ structure- one statement follows the other with no conditions
having to be met.
a) selection
b) loop
c) se.uence
d) conditional
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 9n the se.uence structure- one program statement follows another.
10. &he __________ structure involves repeating a se.uence until a condition is met.
a) loop
b) se.uence
c) conditional
d) selection
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: A loop structure will repeat so long as a certain condition remains true.
11. An 97'&:);')<+) statement is part of the __________ structure.
a) loop
b) se.uence
c) conditional
d) selection
Answer: D
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 97'&:);')<+) structures are part of the selection structure.
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1%. 9n the course of creating program specifications- the end'user should sketch out
the desired
a) input
b) output
c) splash logo
d) icon
Answer: (
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "*0
$esponse: &he end'users should sketch out the desired output that they want out
of the computer system.
1". &he control structure used to perform a series of statements one after the other is
called
a) se.uential
b) selection
c) loop
d) random
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 9n the se.uential structure- one program statement follows another.
11. =hen a program makes a true or false decision- it is an e8ample of a(n) _______
logic structure.
a) if'then'else
b) do until
c) do while
d) what'if
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 9f'then'else resembles a true>false decision.
12. =hen a program repeats a portion of software code as long as a certain condition
doesn5t e8ist- it5s using a(n) _______ structure.
a) if'then'else
b) do until
c) do while
d) what'if
Answer: (
/)_&(11'1
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: &his is an e8ample of the do until structure.
14. &he actual writing of a program in a programming language is called
a) program design
b) logic structure
c) language translation
d) coding
Answer: D
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*4
$esponse: =riting the program is called coding.
16. =hich of the following is not necessary for a good program?
a) reliability
b) catches common errors
c) colorful graphics
d) well'documented
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*4
$esponse: /olorful graphics are not necessary for a good program.
1#. )liminating errors in a program is also called ______ the program.
a) debugging
b) modulari@ing
c) coding
d) clarifying
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "**
$esponse: Debugging is testing a program and eliminating errors.
1*. A program error that violates the grammar rules of the programming language is
a(n) _______ error.
a) modular
b) logic
c) synta8
d) language
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'2
!age: "**
$esponse: +ynta8 error is a violation of the grammar rules of the programming
language.
%0. A(n) __________ error could be the result of the programmer making an incorrect
calculation.
a) synta8
b) general protection
c) logic
d) breakpoint
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "**
$esponse: <ogic errors are created by incorrect or missing specifications.
%1. __________ refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the final stage
of testing a program.
a) anual testing
b) Desk checking
c) Attempt at translation
d) (eta testing
Answer: D
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 100
$esponse: (eta testing refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the
final stage of testing a program.
%%. 9n programming- _______ are e8planations that tell other programmers what5s
happening in the software code.
a) restrictions
b) tables
c) documentation
d) selections
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 100
$esponse: Documentation is written to e8plain what is happening in the software
code.
%". As much as __________ percent of the total lifetime cost for an application
program is for maintenance.
a) 10A
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b) 20A
c) 40A
d) 62A
Answer: D
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 10%
$esponse: As much as 62A of the total lifetime cost for an application program is
for maintenance.
%1. =hich of the following refers to tools that are used to design- code- and test
software?
a) B<
b) /AD
c) /A+)
d) 33!
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 10"
$esponse: /A+) tools are used to automate the development process. &hey can
aid in program design- coding- and testing.
%2. +oftware that helps programmers prepare reports- draw flowcharts- and generate
software code for prototypes is a(n)
a) /AC+) (computer assisted Cni8 software environment) tool
b) /A+) (computer aided software engineering) tool
c) /<3/ (computer licensed operations code) tool
d) /C<! (combined users licensed protocols) tool
Answer: (
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: 10"
$esponse: /A+) tools help programmers prepare these items.
%4. 3b,ect'oriented programming
a) is a type of assembler language
b) allows you to interact with ob,ects when coding software
c) is a type of machine language
d) converts source code into machine language code
Answer: (
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 101
$esponse: 3b,ect'oriented programming focuses on letting you interact with the
ob,ects (defined procedures) when coding software.
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%6. 33! languages use
a) combinations of ob,ects
b) natural and nonprocedural statements
c) binary coded instructions
d) abbreviations and mnemonic
Answer: A
Difficult level: )asy
!age: 101
$esponse: 3b,ect'oriented programming uses combinations of ob,ects.
%#. achine language is composed only of
a) keyword statements
b) he8adecimal numbers
c) memory address toggles
d) 0s and 1s
Answer: D
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 102
$esponse: achine language is composed of 1s and 0s.
%*. ________ language is made up only of binary digits.
a) !rocedural
b) achine
c) Assembly
d) ;atural
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 102
$esponse: achine language uses binary code.
"0. =hich of the following lines of code comes from a first generation computer
language?
a) ADD%22("-10)-0%((1-2)
b) 00010 1010 1101 0001 1010
c) this &otalD&otalA E &otal/
d) set total to sum of totals
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 102
$esponse: achine language (first generation) used 0s and 1s.
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"1. &hese languages use abbreviations and mnemonics that make it easier for humans
to understand.
a) assembly
b) machine language
c) /EE
d) /3(3<
Answer: A
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: Assembly language uses abbreviations or mnemonics that make it
easier for humans to understand and use.
"%. __________ languages are designed to e8press the logic used instead of ,ust
performing calculations.
a) achine
b) !rocedural
c) Assembly
d) <ow level
Answer: (
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: !rocedural languages are designed to e8press the logic F the
procedures F that can solve general problems.
"". !rocedural languages are part of the __________ generation of computer
languages.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
Answer: /
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 102
$esponse: !rocedural languages are part of the third generation of computer
languages.
"1. !rocedural languages must be translated into machine language using a(n)
a) compiler or interpreter
b) assembler
c) interpolator
d) application generator
Answer: A
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'*
!age: 102
$esponse: !rocedural languages must be translated into machine language using a
compiler or interpreter.
"2. A compiler performs the following function.
a) translates and e8ecutes each program statement one at a time
b) converts the source code into machine language code
c) translates instruction codes from assembler language into machine language
d) uses statements to tell ob,ects to perform actions on themselves
Answer: (
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: /ompiler converts procedural language program (source code) into a
machine language code (ob,ect code).
"4. /EE is considered a
a) machine language
b) assembly language
c) procedural language
d) natural language
Answer: /
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: /EE is a procedural language.
"6. A(n) __________ converts the programmer5s procedural language program into a
machine language.
a) interpreter
b) assembler
c) compiler
d) analyst
Answer: /
Difficulty level: :ard
!age:102
$esponse: A compiler converts procedural language program into machine
language code.
"#. An interpreter performs the following function.
a) translates and e8ecutes each line of code one at a time
b) translates high'level language statements
c) uses statements to tell ob,ects to perform actions on themselves
d) translates software code from assembly language into machine language
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Answer: A
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: 9nterpreter converts the procedural language one statement at a time
into machine code ,ust before it is e8ecuted.
"*. !roblem'oriented languages are which generation of language?
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
Answer: D
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 104
$esponse: !roblem'oriented languages are fourth generation languages.
10. 7ourth'generation languages use
a) procedural statements
b) nonprocedural statements
c) assemblers
d) symbols
Answer: (
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 104
$esponse: 7ourth'generation languages are nonprocedural languages.
11. 7ifth'generation languages (2G<) possess which one of the following
characteristics?
a) software code always uses a combination of ob,ects
b) software code uses )nglish words and symbols
c) software code is written using binary codes
d) all code must be complied before use
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 106
$esponse: ;atural language (2G<) is designed to give people a more human
connection with computers using )nglish words and symbols.
1%. =hich one of the following statements is not characteristic of 2G<?
a) easier to learn than assembly language
b) easier to understand than machine language
c) less rigid rules- forms- and synta8 than assembly languages
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d) easier to write code in than assembly and machine languages
Answer: D
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 106
$esponse: 2G< languages are easier to write code in.
1". 2G< uses
a) symbolic code
b) words and symbols
c) abbreviations
d) mnemonics
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 106
$esponse: 2G< uses natural language such as words and symbols.
11. 2G< languages have which of the following characteristics?
a) re.uire the use of ob,ects
b) easier to use than machine language
c) re.uire the use of interpreters
d) use abbreviations and mnemonics
Answer: (
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 106
$esponse: 2G< languages are easier to use than machine language.
12. &he most recent type of computer language would be
a) machine language
b) assembly language
c) third'generation language
d) natural language
Answer: D
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: 106
$esponse: ;atural language is the most recent type of computer language.
True/False
14. ost programs in use today are custom written.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'1%
!age: "##
$esponse: ost programs in use today are prewritten (off'the'shelf).
16. A program is a list of instructions detailing the steps re.uired to perform a task.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "##
$esponse: A program is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to
accomplish the task of processing data into information.
1#. +ystems analysts create the software re.uired for an information system.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "#*
$esponse: +oftware engineers or programmers create software.
1*. 9n the program specification step- the ob,ectives- outputs- inputs- and processing
re.uirements are determined.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "#*
$esponse: &he program specification step includes all of these variables.
20. Hou should determine the input for a program before determining its output.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "#*
$esponse: Hou should determine the output re.uirements before defining the
input.
21. &he program specification document includes re.uired input and program
ob,ectives.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "#*
$esponse: &he program specification document includes defining the re.uired
input and program ob,ectives.
2%. During the program specification phase- you plan and document a solution.
Answer: 7alse
/)_&(11'1"
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "#*
$esponse: 3ngoing documentation is re.uired through the process.
2". &op'down program design involves identifying the ma,or steps in a program and
then determining the underlying steps.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*%
$esponse: &op'down design identifies the program5s processing steps.
21. !seudocode is an outline of the logic of the program you would like to write.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: !seudocode is an outline of the logic of the program that is being
written.
22. 7lowcharts fail to show comparisons within the program.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 7lowcharts make comparisons within the program.
24. <ogic structures include se.uence- selection- and loop.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: <ogic structures include se.uence- selection- and loop.
26. 9n the se.uence structure- one program statement must follow another.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 9n se.uence structure- one program statement follows another.
2#. A condition must be met before a se.uence structure can proceed to the ne8t
statement.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'11
!age: "*"
$esponse: &he se.uence structure does not use a condition F it e8ecutes
programming statements one after the other.
2*. 97'&:);')<+) is an e8ample of a selection structure.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: 97'&:);')<+) is an e8ample of a selection structure.
40. &he loop structure is also called the iteration structure.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: &he loop structure is called a IloopJ or IiterationJ because the program
loops around again and again.
41. D3 C;&9< and D3 =:9<) are both e8amples of a se.uence structure.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*1
$esponse: &hey are both e8amples of a loop selection structure.
4%. A loop structure repeats a series of statements until a condition is met.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*"
$esponse: &he loop structure iterates or repeats again and again.
4". =riting the program is called coding.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "*4
$esponse: =riting a program is called coding.
41. &he best way to write good programs is to create unstructured programs.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "*4
/)_&(11'12
$esponse: &he best way to code effective programs is to write structured
programs.
42. IDebuggingJ refers to the process of eliminating synta8 and logic errors.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: "**
$esponse: Debugging refers to the process of testing and then eliminating errors.
44. =hen a program has a synta8 error- it will still run- but will produce une8pected
results.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "**
$esponse: A synta8 error is a violation of the rules of the programming language.
46. A logic error could result from an incorrect calculation made by the programmer.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "**
$esponse: A logic error occurs when the programmer uses an incorrect calculation
or leaves out a programming procedure.
4#. +ometimes a program is checked for errors by following the steps with a
calculator and sample data.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: "**
$esponse: anually testing by using a calculator and sample data is one way of
checking for errors.
4*. !rogram documentation is optional and largely unnecessary.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 100
$esponse: !rogram documentation is a ImustJ.
60. !rogram documentation is intended only for end'users.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'14
!age: 100
$esponse: !rogram documentation is intended for users- operators- and
programmers.
61. !rogram maintenance involves ensuring that current programs are operating error'
free- efficiently- and effectively.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: 10%
$esponse: !rogram maintenance includes all of these aspects.
6%. /orrecting operational errors is only one facet of program maintenance.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 10%
$esponse: !rogram maintenance involves correcting operational errors- and
ad,usting programs to meet changing needs.
6". /A+) tools are used to compile programs to test for logic errors.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 10"
$esponse: /A+) tools are used to automate and assist in program design- coding-
and testing.
61. +econd'level languages are sometimes referred to as machine languages.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: +econd'level languages are assembly languages.
62. /EE is an e8ample of a machine language.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: /EE is a procedural language.
64. Assembly languages use abbreviated mnemonics such as ADD.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
/)_&(11'16
!age: 102
$esponse: Assembly languages do use abbreviated mnemonics such as ADD.
66. achine language is composed of he8adecimal digits.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 102
$esponse: achine language is composed of binary code.
6#. =hen a program is translated to machine code- the compiler will typically find
logic errors.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: :ard
!age: 102
$esponse: /ompilers convert the procedural language program into machine
language code.
6*. !ascal- /3(3<- and 73$&$A; are all e8amples of procedural languages that
use compilers.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: All of these languages are procedural languages that use compilers.
#0. An application generator converts source code to ob,ect code.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: A compiler converts the programmer5s procedural language program
(source code) into a machine language code (ob,ect code).
#1. Kuery languages are an e8ample of a procedural language.
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: Kuery languages are e8amples of fourth'generation (problem'oriented)
languages.
#%. Lery high level languages re.uire e8tensive special training on the part of the
user.
/)_&(11'1#
Answer: 7alse
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: Lery high level languages re.uire little special training on the part of
the user.
#". 9nterpreted code does not need to be compiled.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 104
$esponse: 9nterpreter converts procedural language one statement at a time into
machine code ,ust before it is to be e8ecuted. ;o need to be compiled.
#1. 2G< is a computer language that incorporates the concepts of artificial
intelligence to allow direct human communication.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: edium
!age: 106
$esponse: 2G< uses A9 to allow direct human communication.
#2. +omeday- natural languages will allow non'programmers to create applications.
Answer: &rue
Difficulty level: )asy
!age: 106
$esponse: ;atural languages use human languages which will make it easier for
non'programmers to create applications.
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