1

SECOND WORLD RENEWABLE ENERGY FORUM:

(Renewing Civilization by Renewable Energy)
WRCE (WORLD-COUNCIL-FOR-RENEWABLE-ENERGY)
AND EUROSOLAR SPONSORED & ORGANIZED
MAY, 29 TO 31, 2004
at the
ART AND EXHIBITION HALL
of the
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,
BONN, GERMANY
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND OTHER POSITIVE
IMPACTS OF BUILDING HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS
PLANTS

IN RURAL INDIA
By
RAYMOND MYLES
Secretary General-cum-Chief Executive, INSEDA
UTILIZATION OF BOVINE (CATTLE & BUFFALO)
DUNG IN RURAL INDIA AT PRESENT
OPTION-1: Used as domestic Cooking Fuel
Dung Cake as cooking fuel
(Manural value of dung is lost)
Dung Cakes are used in Biomass
Cook Stoves for Cooking in India
(Only 11 to 24% efficient when dung cake
burnt as fuel in stoves)
UTILIZATION OF BOVINE DUNG IN RURAL INDIA AT PRESENT
OPTION-2: Making Organic Manure

(Either traditional Manure in Heaps or Scientifically produced Manure)
Dumping in Heaps fin backyard for making
Manure in a traditional manner
(Releases Methane a GHG to Atmosphere)
(CH4 is 19 times potent GHG compared to CO2)
Scientifically produced Organic manure
(NADEP Composting)
(Fuel value of dung is lost)
UTILIZATION OF BOVINE DUNG IN RURAL INDIA AT PRESENT
OPTION-3: Making Vermi-Compost
(A) Ver mi -Compost i ng at Far mer s Pl ac e
(Better and faster recycling of dung to
produce enriched organic manure )
(Opportunity for extraction of energy is lost)
(B) Ver mi -Compost i ng at Far mer s Pl ac e
(Better & cheaper method of recycling dung
to produce good organic manure )
(Fuel value of dung is lost)
UTILIZATION OF BOVINE DUNG IN RURAL INDIA AT PRESENT
OPTION-4: Recycling of dung through biogas plant
(Better and most efficient method for processing & utilization of dung )
Recycling of dung through biogas plant for getting twin benefits:
(1) Clean and convenient fuel and (2) Enriched organic manure
RECYCLING DUNG FROM DOMESTIC FARM ANIMALS THROUGH
BIOGAS PLANT GIVES:
(Biogas as clean & convenient energy and enriched Organic Manure)
Domestic cooking fuel
(60% efficient fuel using appropriate burner)
Organic manure for eco-farming
(improves soil health while giving good yield)
PROMOTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS PLANTS IN INDIA
India is one of the pioneer countries in the design and
application of household (HH) biogas plants & large-
scale implementation of this technology in rural areas.
Systematic development and promotion of HH plants
in India is over 60 years old.
However, implementation of HH plants got impetus in
India after DNES (now MNES), Government of India
(GoI), launched National Project on Biogas
Development (NPBD), in 1981-82.
(INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & ECOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION )
INSEDA is a national India association formed by the grassroots
NGOs involved in the promotion of renewable energy with special
focus on biogas plants in rural areas, as network since 1980.
INSEDA is membership organization, presently having over 50
Indian NGOs as its members.
Member NGOs had been operating as an informal network for more
than 15 years before forming INSEDA as a formal body.
INSEDA was registered as society on Dec 1995, under the Societies
Registration Act. It also got MOHA registration for receiving
foreign funds for implementing development projects/ programs.
In 1990s, the Secretary General-cum-Chief Executive INSEDA also
designed and developed another fixed dome model BGP, using
environmentally-friendly bamboo as building material & local skills
for building it. After field testing design was improved/ finalized.
By J an 1, 2004, INSEDA members had built over 150,000 House
Hold biogas plants under the NPBD of MNES of the Govt. of India.
INDIAN HOUSE-HOLD MODEL BIOGAS PLANTS

(Can be divided in two major categories)
(A)

Floating Gas Holder Biogas Plants (Two important models are):
1.

IARI Model-

Design & developed by IARI in 1940s and
2.

KVIC Model-

Designed & developed by KVIC (Jasbhai
Patel) in 1950s.
(B)

Fixed Dome with Fixed Gas Storage Chamber as the integral part of
the digester (Three important models are) :
1.

Janata

Model-

Designed by GGRS (PRI) in 1970s and
improved by a team of AFPRO engineers & specialists.
2.

Deenbandhu

Model-

Designed, developed & improved
by a team of AFPRO engineers & specialists in 1980s.
3.

Grameen

Bandhu

Model-

Designed & developed by the
Secretary General (Raymond Myles) INSEDA in 1990s.
COMMON BIOGAS MODELS PRESENTLY BEING
BUILT IN INDIA
(Three of the biogas model presently being implemented by NGOs in
India are KVIC, Deenbandhu

and Grameen

Bandhu

)
KVIC BG MODEL
(Main building material used
is brick with cement mortar
and mild steel for gas holder)
DEENBANDHU

BG MODEL
(Main building material used
is brick with cement mortar)
GRAMEEN

BANDHU

BG MODEL
(Main building material used is
bamboo with cement mortar)
KVIC BIOGAS PLANT
(Floating Gas Holder made of Mild Steel)
KVIC Model-

Designed & developed by KVIC (Jasbhai

Patel) in 1950s.
DEENBANDHU

BIOGAS PLANT
(Fixed Dome Model with Fixed Gas Storage Chamber)
Deenbandhu

Model-

Designed, developed & improved
by a team of AFPRO engineers and specialists in 1980s.
Grameen

Bandhu

Model-

Designed & developed by
the Secretary General (Raymond Myles) INSEDA in 1990s.
GRAMEEN

BANDHU

BIOGAS PLANT
(Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage chamber, built using bamboo
reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
DEENBANDHU

BIOGAS PLANT (DBP)

(Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage Chamber)

Different stages of construction of DBP
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-I
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-II
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-III
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-IV
DEENBANDHU

BIOGAS PLANT (DBP)

(Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage Chamber)

Different stages of construction of DBP
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-V
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-VII
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-VI
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-VIII
DEENBANDHU

BIOGAS PLANT (DBP)

(Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage Chamber)

Different stages of construction of DBP
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-IX
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-X
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-XI
Construction of Deenbandhu BGP-XII
Completely built Grameen Bandhu Plant (GBP) using environmentally benign
and Eco-friendly Bamboo as main building material, using local skills
Grameen

Bandhu

Biogas Plant
(Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Different stages of fabrication and Construction of GBP
Grameen

Bandhu

Biogas Plant (GBP)

(Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Different stages of fabrication and Construction of GBP
Grameen

Bandhu

Biogas Plant (GBP)

(Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Different stages of fabrication and Construction of GBP
Grameen

Bandhu

Biogas Plant (GBP)

(Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Completed Grameen

Bandhu

Plant (GBP) in operation at farmers house
(Used for Cooking, operating Duel Fuel Gen-set, Mechanical Power for operating agricultural
machines & irrigation pump and digested slurry for organic farming)
Grameen

Bandhu

Biogas Plant
(Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
ESTIMATES OF OLD AND REVISED POTENTIAL OF
BUILDING HOUSEHOLD BG PLANTS IN RURAL INDIA

Potential estimated by Nodal Ministry in 1980 based on 240 million
bovine population was 12-14 million HH plants of 3-4 M
3

capacity.

Revised potential by INSEDA in 2003, based on 340 million bovine

population is as follows.

At least 1,000 million kg

(1.0 million tone) of the collectable dung

could be available for 2 M
3

cap HH plants/

day

in villages, as below:

300 million kg

by motivating families burning 50% of 600 million kg
dung cake as fuel,

700 million kg

by motivating farmers to divert 70% of 1,000 million kg
dung manure for recycling through HH biogas plants.

Thus, the total revised potential for 2 M
3

plants from 1,000 million kg
collectable dung every day

would be 20 million

(1,000 million kg per
day @ 50 kg dung/ 2 M
3

plant per day) biogas units.
MNES APPROACH FOR BIOGAS IMPLEMENTATION, REVISED
BIOGAS POTENTIAL, PRESENT ANNUAL TARGET AND TIME TO
REALIZE THE POTENTIAL

MNES adopted Multi-Model and Multi-Agency approach
adopted under the NPBD, (MNES), India has achieved massive
target of over 3.5 million HH plants, till 2003.

INSEDAs

member NGOs played crucial role in biogas
popularization & implementation in rural areas, since 1980.

Revised potential of 20 million HH biogas plants by INSEDA
in year 2003

Present target & implementation rate under the NPBD is

150,000-

200,000 units per year

Therefore, present target and current rate of
implementation it could take 75-100 years to realize the
revised potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDING HOUSEHOLD
(HH) BIOGAS PLANTS IN RURAL INDIA

This 1.00 million tone

dung that is presently being used,
either:

As fuel by burning of 300 kg of dung cake or

By dumping 700 kg of dung in heaps or in open pits in rural
India for making organic manure.

Is responsible for directly releasing GHGs

(greenhouse
gases) in the form of either carbon dioxide (CO
2

) or
methane (CH
4

) or both in to the atmosphere.

Therefore, by installing 20 million

household biogas plants
of 2 M
3

capacity, 1,000 million kg

(1.00 million tone):

Fresh bovine dung could be recycled and utilized in an


efficient manner.

These 20 million HH plants would also offset GHGs (CO
2
& CH
4

) to
atmosphere, creating positive environmental impact.
OFFSETTING OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO
2

) EMISSION
Fresh bovine dung has 80% moisture and 20% total solids (TS); therefore,
50 kg dung (required for a 2 M
3
plant/ day) is equivalent to 10 kg (50 Kg x
0.2) of dry dung (or TS).
1 kg dry dung (dung cake) when burnt directly would produce average of
2.5 kg of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emission- i.e. 2.5 kg CO
2
emission per kg
dry dung.
Therefore, 10 kg dry dung (equivalent of 50 kg fresh bovine dung) would
produce 25 kg of CO
2
(2.5 kg CO
2
/ kg of dry dung X 10 kg).
Biogas is mixture of methane (av. of 60%) and CO
2
(av. of 40%).
Recycling of 10 kg of dry (50 kg fresh) dung through a 2 M
3
capacity plant
would prevent release of 40% of CO
2
per kg of dry dung.
This would mean a 2 M
3
biogas unit would efficiently recycle 10 kg of CO
2
per 10 kg dry dung/ day (40% of 25 kg of CO
2
).
In other wards a simple HH Indian model BG plant of any capacity would
offsets 1 kg CO
2
/ kg dry dung every day, as compared to the direct
burning the same quantity (1 kg dry dung) of dung cake as cooking fuel.
OFFSETTING CO
2

EMISSION FROM DUNG (CONTD)
Out of 600 million kg fresh dung being burnt daily as dung cake in
traditional & inefficient manner (11% eff.), 300 million kg/ day (or 60
million kg of dry dung/ day) could be mobilize for biogas production.
This would be 30% of the total of 1,000 million kg (1.00 million tone) of
fresh bovine dung/ day required for 20 million biogas plants of 2 M
3
capacity.
By installing 6 million (300 million dung kg @ 50 kg dung/ plant), 2 M
3
capacity biogas plants in India, the offsetting of total CO
2
emission
(compared to burning of dung cakes) from dung would be 150 million kg
(2.50 kg CO
2
x 60 million kg dry dung) or 0.15 million tone of CO
2
per day.
From 6 million, 2 M
3
capacity HH plants, the abatement of CO
2
as GHG (60
million kg dry dung/ day burnt as fuel) would be as under:
Thus approx 50 million tones (0.15 million tone x 330 days of average
annul BGP operation) of CO
2
abatement would be achieved annually.
Total abatement in 10 years would be 500 million tone (50 million tones x
10 year average useful working life (UWL) of these plants) of CO
2
.
OFFSETTING/ ABATING OF METHANE (CH
4

) EMISSION
FROM BOVINE DUNG
Bovine dung when allowed to decompose in a traditional manner
(for making organic manure by either dumping in heaps or in open
pits in the backyard of rural houses or left in heaps in agricultural
fields) in Indian villages would release (emit) methane (CH
4
) to the
atmosphere.
As per the estimate (from the Danish Farm), liquid manure (which
is about 7% total solids-TS from cattle dung, when left in the open
field, releases 3.6 kg of methane (CH
4
) / cubic meter (M
3
) of liquid
manure.
Whereas, the bovine (cattle and buffalo) manure collected in India
has approx. 20% TS,
Therefore bovine dung (20% TS) collected in India would be
equivalent to 2.86 M
3
(20/ 7)- say almost 3 times that of the liquid
manure having 7% TS.
From the above calculations we get 1 M
3
fresh liquid cattle manure
(7% TS) = 0.35 M
3
(7/ 20) of bovine manure (20% TS), as
collected in rural India.
OFFSETTING/ ABATING OF METHANE (CH
4

) EMISSION FROM
BOVINE DUNG-CONTD.
Methane (CH
4
) is 19 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO
2
) and aggressive
GHG and remains in atmosphere for a far longer period, as compared to CO
2.
Due to this the GHG characteristic of 1 kg of CH
4
is equivalent to 19 kg of CO
2
.
Methane content of bovine dung (20% TS) is about 10.30 kg CH
4
/ M
3
liquid manure.
Therefore, the carbon dioxide equivalent of methane (as GHG) from 1 cubic meter
(M
3
) of manure (20% TS) would be 195.7 kg (10.30 kg methane x 19)- say 200 kg
CO
2
/ M
3
of bovine manure.
Methane emission and its equivalent (as GHG) value of carbon dioxide is calculated
in terms of 1 M
3
of bovine dung (20% TS), therefore, this value of CO
2
has to be
converted in terms of 1 kg of bovine dung for practical purposes & subsequent use.
For calculating CH
4
emission (in terms of CO
2
equivalent (as GHG) from 1 kg of
bovine dung (CO
2
emission in kg/ kg of bovine manure) it is assumed that the
weight of 1 M
3
(1,000 liter) of bovine dung (20% TS) is equivalent to 1,000 kg of
fresh bovine dung.
Thus, 10.30 kg of methane/ 1,000 kg = 0.0103 kg CH
4
/ kg bovine dung. This in
terms of CO
2
would be equivalent to 0.1957 (19 x 0.0103) kg CO
2
/ kg of dung. Or
say 0.20 kg of CO
2
/ kg bovine dung.
Therefore, to sum up the above calculations, it can be said that 1 kg of bovine dung
(manure) would emit 0.0103 kg methane (0.0103 kg CH
4
/ kg dung)- which in terms
of CO
2
as GHG equivalent would be 0.20 kg of CO
2
/ kg fresh bovine dung.
ESTIMATION OF ABATEMENT/OFFSETTING OF GHG (IN TERMS
OF METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE) BY BUILDING 20 MILLION 2
M
3

CAPACITY HH BIOGAS PLANT IN RURAL INDIA
A 2 M
3
capacity standard Indian HH plant requires daily feeding of 50 kg of fresh bovine
dung to generate an average of 2 M
3
of biogas/day in 24 hours:
- 700 million kg fresh dung when allowed to decompose in an unscientific manner in rural
areas, would release 7 million kg (700 million kg x 0.01 kg CH
4
/kg fresh dung) of methane (CH
4
),
as GHG to the atmosphere.
-7 million kg CH
4
as GHG would be equivalent to 130 million kg (7 million kg x 19) of CO
2
.
300 million kg fresh (60 kg dry) dung (currently burnt as dung cake) recycled through 2 M
3
capacity plants, would offset/ abate 150 million kg (2.50 kg CO
2
per kg dry dung x 60 million kg dry
dung) CO
2
per day.
Thus, 20 million HH plants of 2 M
3
capacity, would abate 280 million kg (0.28 million
tone) CO
2
per day by utilization of 1,000 million kg fresh dung/day as per break-up
given below:
- 130 million kg of CO
2
equivalent/ day, from recycling of 700 million kg (through 14
million 2 M
3
capacity HH plants) fresh dung currently used as organic manure by decomposing
in a traditional and unscientific manner in Indian villages; and
- 150 million kg of CO
2
per day, from recycling of 300 million kg (through 6 million 2 M
3
capacity HH plants) of fresh dung currently burnt as dried dung cake in an inefficient manner
in Indian villages.
With average working days for these BGPs as 330 days per year, quantity of emission
abated/offset by these 20 million BGPs would be equivalent to 92.4 million tones
(0.28 million tone x 330 days/ year) of carbon dioxide (CO
2
). Or say 90 million tones
of carbon dioxide (CO
2
).
ABATEMENT/OFFSETTING OF GHG BY BUILDING 20 MILLION 2 M
3
CAPACITY HH BIOGAS PLANT IN RURAL INDIA- A CASE FOR
SUPPORTING BGP UNDER INTERNATIONAL CARBON MARKET

Average useful working life

(UWL) of Indian HH biogas plants

is 25 years.

But for mobilizing/securing funds from the International Carbon Market,
using CDM (Clean development Mechanism), a much safer & practical useful
working life (UWL) of these biogas plants has to be taken as only 10 years.

Therefore, by installing 20 million HH plants of 2 M
3

capacity (present
potential), the rural India would be able to abate emission equivalent to 900
million tones of carbon dioxide (CO
2

)

during the 'Useful Working Life'

of 10
years

of these Hh

biogas units.

Thus, to sum up, by recycling 1,000 million kg per day

of fresh bovine dung
(which is currently being utilized either for making organic manure in a
traditional manner or being burnt as dung cake in rural India) by installing 20

million, 2 M
3

capacity standard Indian HH biogas plants in India, the
abatement of GHS, equivalent to carbon dioxide (CO
2

), would be as under:

Annual abatement of 92,400

million kg (280

million kg x 330

days/year of
BGPs) CO
2

or say 90 million tones of carbon dioxide abatement annually.

Total abatement of GHG, in terms of CO
2

equivalent in 10 years would be
900.00

million tones (90.00 tones x 10 year average UWL of these plants).
BENEFIT AND IMPACT OF THE PROGRAMME

IN RURAL INDIA
Socio-economic impact & local employment generation in rural India

Social Impact
Removing drudgery of rural women in the collection of firewood,
Provision of clean & convenient cooking fuel to women at their door-step,
Saving in time of cooking,
Saving in time for cleaning cooking vessels as no soot is formed,
Fetching less quantity of water for cleaning of utensils & washing kitchen,
Smoke-free kitchen and soot-free walls of the kitchen and the areas
surrounding the cooking area,
More time available to rural women to take rest during the day as the time
spent in collecting the firewood & cooking would be substantially reduced.
Adolescent girls who normally required to stay at home and help their
mothers to assist in the domestic chores including cooking, could have
time to be sent to schools, and
Availability of more time with the rural women is utilized by them for
carrying out other more productive (socially and economically) activities.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT & LOCAL EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION IN RURAL INDIA-CONTD.
Economic Impact
Construction of the fixed models, about 30% of their cost goes
towards providing wages to the local labour, in the form of skilled
semi-skilled and unskilled labourers,
Generates employment and self-employment for trained local
people in providing post-plant implementation services to owners.
Biogas digested manure saves money for the farmer which is other
wise, spent for the purchase of costly inorganic fertilizers.
Biogas digested manure I mproves crop yield with reduced cash
outflow increasing their net economic benefits,
Biogas digested manure improves micro-flora of the soil and
building the soil structure and texture, conserves natural
resources, which would gradually lead
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT & LOCAL EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION IN RURAL INDIA-CONTD.
Generation of local rural employment by building/
constructing fixed dome household BGP
One 2 M
3

fixed dome BGP, generates employment in rural
areas as follows:

Skilled person (Masons) 22 man days

Semi-skilled person

11 man days


Un-skilled person 10 man days
20 million fixed dome (2 M
3

capacity) BGP, would
generate employment as follows:

Skilled (Masons) 440 million man days

Semi-skilled 220 million man days

Un-skilled 200 million man days
IMPACT OF PROGRAMME

ON CHECKING
HEALTH

AND MIGRATION
Impact on Health and Migration:
Positive impact on the public health
Impact on the health of the women and her
family , and
Checking migration from rural to urban areas
IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTING OF HH BIOGAS PROGRAMME

ON THE MICRO-ENVIRONMENT IN RURAL INDIA
By installing BG plants would save burning of biomass (trees, shrubs &
harvested crop residues) as fuel for cooking, and prevent release of
greenhouse gases (GHGs).
By converting major part of the biomass available form the harvested
agricultural crops to enriched compost (scientifically produced organic
manure), would be returned to the farmers field for crop production. This
would create positive environmental impact at the micro level.
Offsetting of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) and methane (CH
4
) emission from
bovine dung, by recycling it through biogas plant would provide
substantial gain in terms of abating greenhouse gas (GHG), as compared
to either burning of dung cake as fuel or the decomposition of manure in a
traditional way in Indian villages. Thus, creating very positive
environmental impact in rural areas.
In addition, these HH biogas plants would also become instrumental in
promoting ecological agriculture, using enriched organic manure from
BGPs, contributing to overall positive environmental impact, promoting
empowerment of rural people as well as facilitating people centered,
sustainable development.
BUILDING HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS PLANTS UNDER THE
SPONSORSHIP OF CARBON MARKET

TABLE-1

gives the quantity of abatement of methane (CH
4
)
emission as greenhouse gas (per day, annually and the useful
working life of the plant) in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide
(CO
2
) for 5 different sizes (1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 M
3
capacities BGPs)
household biogas plants in India, as well as the present cost in US
dollars (US$) for the abatement of GHG in the Carbon Market.

TABLE-2 gives the total abatement of methane (CH
4
) emission as
greenhouse gas (GHG) in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
by installing different number (1,000 to 200,000 HH plants of 2 M
3
capacity) in rural India, as well as their total cash value in US$ in
the Carbon Market.
Table-

1
ABATEMENT OF METHANE EMISSION-

CH
4

(IN TERMS OF CARBON DIOXIDE-

CO
2

) FROM DIFFERENT CAPACITIES
INDIAN HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS PLANTS
(Average Useful working Life of the standard Indian household biogas plant is taken as 10-years)
ABATEMENT OF METHANE EMISSION- CH4 (IN TERMS OF CARBON DI OXI DE- CO2) FROM DIFFERENT
CAPACITIES INDI AN HOUSEHOLD BI OGAS PLANTS
S N RATED
CAPACITY (I N
TERMS OF
DAILY BIOGAS
PRODUCTI ON
I N 24
HOURS) OF
STANDARD
I NDI AN HH
BGPS
DAILY
REQUI R
EMENT
OF
FRESH
DUNG
(MANUR
E)
DAILY
FEEDI NG
OF
MANURE
SLURRY
IN BGP
AV. DAI LY
PRODUCTION OF
BI OGAS (TAKI NG
ANNUAL
AVERAGE)
DAILY QTY.
OF
ABATEMENT
OF
METHANE
(CH
4
)
DAI LY
QTY. OF
ABATEMEN
T OF CO
2

EQUIVALEN
T OF
METHANE
(CH
4
)
ANNUAL
QUANTI TY OF
ABATEMENT
OF CARBON
DIOXIDE
(CO
2
)
EQUIVALENT
OF METHANE
(CH
4
)
EMISSION
TOTAL ABATEMENT
OF CO
2
EQUIVALENT
OF CH
4
EMI SSION
DURING THE 10-
YEAR USEFUL
WORKING LIFE OF
I NDI AN HH BGP
CASH VALUE (US
DOLLARS) OF
ABATEMENT OF
CH
4
EMISSI ON
I N TERMS OF CO
2

EQUIVALENT
DURI NG THE 10
YEAR USEFUL
WORKI NG LIFE
OF I NDI AN HH
BGP
M
3
KG LI TER M
3
LITERS KG OF
METHANE
(CH
4
)- @
0.0108
KG/ KG
KG OF
CARBON
DI OXI DE
(CO
2
) @ O.2
KG/ KG
KG KG MT
(METRI C
TONES)
@ US$
8.00/ TONE OF
CO
2
EQUI VALENT
OF CH
4
ABATED
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
(l)
(c) x 0.0108 (c) X 0.2 (h) X 330
days/ year
(i) X 10
years
(j)/ 1,00
0
(k)x 8 USD
1. 1 M
3
25 50 1 1,000 0.27 5 1650 16500 16.5 132
2. 2 M
3
50 100 2 2,000 0.54 10 3300 33000 33 264
3. 3 M
3
75 150 3 3,000 0.81 15 4950 49500 49.5 396
4. 4 M
3
100 200 4 4,000 1.08 20 6600 66000 66 528
5. 6 M
3
150 300 6 6,000 1.62 30 9900 99000 99 792

Table-

2

COST OF ABATEMENT OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO
2

) EQUIVALENT OF METHANE (CH
4

) EMISSION FROM BOVINE MANURE (DUNG) BY
BUILDING DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF 2 M
3

CAPACITY HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS PLANT IN INDIA

(Average useful working life of the standard Indian household biogas plant is taken as 10 years)
S N
2 M
3
(CUBI C METER) CAPACITY, STANDARD MODEL OF INDIAN HOUSEHOLD BI OGAS PLANT (IHH BGP)
Proposed
Number of
IHH BGP
Construct
ed
Annually
in India
Daily
Requireme
nt of Fresh
Dung
(Manure)
Daily Feeding
of Manure
Slurry in BGP
Av. Daily Production of
biogas (Taking Annual
Average)
Daily
Qty. of
Abateme
nt of
Methane
(CH4)
Emission
Daily Qty. of
Abatement of
the CO2
equivalent of
Methane
(CH4)
Emission
Annual Qty. of
Abatement of
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) equivalent
of Methane
(CH4) Emission
Total Abatement of CO2
equivalent of CH4 Emission
during the 10-Year Useful
Working Life of Indian Hh
BGP
Value (US Dollars)
of Abatement of
CO2 equivalent of
CH4 Emission
during the 10-Year
Useful Working Life
of Indian Hh BGP
No. Kg Liter M
3
Liters (CH
4
)-
@
0.0108
kg/ kg
KG OF
CARBON
DIOXIDE
(CO
2
) @ O.2
kg/ kg
Kg Kg MT
(Metric
Tons)
Amount (Value in
terms of Cash) in
US$ (@ US$
8.00/ Tone of CO
2
)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l)
(b) X 50 (b) X 100 (b) X 2 (b) X 2,000 (c) x
0.0108
(c) X 0.2 (h) X 330
days/ year
(i) X 10 years (j)/ 1,000 (k)x 8 USD
1. 1,000 50,000 100,000 2,000 2,000,000 540 10,000 3,300,000 33,000,000 33,000 264,000
2. 2,000 100,000 200,000 4,000 4,000,000 1,080 20,000 6,600,000 66,000,000 66,000 528,000
3. 3,000 150,000 300,000 6,000 6,000,000 1,620 30,000 9,900,000 99,000,000 99,000 528,000
4. 4,000 200,000 400,000 8,000 8,000,000 2,160 40,000 13,200,000 132,000,000 132,000 1,056,000
5. 5,000 250,000 500,000 10,000 10,000,000 2,700 50,000 16,500,000 165,000,000 165,000 1,320,000
6. 7,500 375,000 750,000 15,000 15,000,000 4,050 75,000 24,750,000 247,500,000 247,500 1,980,000
7. 10,000 500,000 1,000,000 20,000 20,000,000 5,400 100,000 33,000,000 330,000,000 330,000 2,640,000
8. 15,000 750,000 1,500,000 30,000 30,000,000 8,100 150,000 49,500,000 495,000,000 495,000 3,960,000
9. 20,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 40,000 40,000,000 10,800 200,000 66,000,000 132,000,000 132,000 1,056,000
10. 25,000 1,250,000 2,500,000 50,000 50,000,000 13,500 250,000 82,500,000 825,000,000 825,000 6,600,000
11. 30,000 1,500,000 3,000,000 60,000 60,000,000 16,200 300,000 99,000,000 990,000,000 990,000 7,920,000
12. 40,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 80,000 80,000,000 21,600 400,000 132,000,000 1,320,000,000 1,320,000 10,560,000
13 50,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 100,000 100,000,000 27,000 500,000 165,000,000 1,650,000,000 1,650,000 13,200,000
14 75,000 3,750,000 7,500,000 150,000 150,000,000 40,500 750,000 247,500,000 2,475,000,000 2,475,000 19,800,000
15 100,000 5,000,000 10,000,000 200,000 200,000,000 54,000 1,000,000 330,000,000 3,300,000,000 3,300,000 26,400,000
Thank You