INTRODUCTION

In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which

metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to
reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. Rolling
is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If
the temperature of the metal is above
its recrystallization temperature, then the process is termed
as hot rolling. If the temperature of the metal is below its
recrystallization temperature, the process is termed as cold
rolling. In terms of usage, hot rolling processes more tonnage
than any other manufacturing process, and cold rolling
processes the most tonnage out of all cold working processes.
















COLD ROLLING

Cold rolling occurs with the metal below its
recrystallization temperature (usually at room
temperature), which increases the strength via strain
hardening up to 20%. It also improves the surface
finish and holds tighter tolerances. Commonly cold-rolled
products include sheets, strips, bars, and rods; these
products are usually smaller than the same products that
are hot rolled. Because of the smaller size of the
workpieces and their greater strength, as compared to
hot rolled stock, four-high or cluster mills are
used.
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Cold rolling cannot reduce the thickness of a
workpiece as much as hot rolling in a single pass.
Cold-rolled sheets and strips come in various
conditions: full-hard, half-hard, quarter-hard, and skin-
rolled. Full-hard rolling reduces the thickness by 50%,
while the others involve less of a reduction.Skin-rolling,
also known as a skin-pass, involves the least amount of
reduction: 0.5-1%. It is used to produce a smooth
surface, a uniform thickness, and reduce the yield
point phenomenon (by preventing Lders bands from
forming in later processing). It locks dislocations at the
surface and thereby reduces the possibility of formation
of Lders bands. To avoid the formation of Lders bands
it is necessary to create substantial density of unpinned
dislocations in ferrite matrix. It is also used to breakup
the spangles in galvanized steel. Skin-rolled stock is
usually used in subsequent cold-working processes
where good ductility is required.
Other shapes can be cold-rolled if the cross-section is
relatively uniform and the transverse dimension is
relatively small. Cold rolling shapes requires a series of
shaping operations, usually along the lines of sizing,
breakdown, roughing, semi-roughing, semi-finishing, and
finishing.
If processed by a blacksmith, the smoother, more
consistent, and lower levels of carbon encapsulated in
the steel makes it easier to process, but at the cost of
being more expensive.
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Typical uses for cold rolled steel include metal furniture,
desks, filing cabinets, shelves, tables, chairs, motorcycle
exhaust pipes, computer cabinet and hardware, all home
appliances and components, shelving, lighting fixtures,
hinges, tubing, steel drums, lawn mowers, electronic
cabinetry, lighting fixtures, water heaters, metal
containers, and a variety of construction related products














DISADVANTAGES OF THE COLD ROLLING PROCESS

Contamination
In the hot rolling process, the metal is so hot that its heat takes care of any contamination
problems. It burns away simple solid impurities, and can even boil away certain liquid
impurities. Cold rolling does not have this advantage, so the parts of the machine that
perform cold rolling must be cleaned, maintained and replaced frequently.
Energy Costs
It takes much more energy to roll a sheet of metal in cold rolling than it does for hot
rolling. Heating up a sheet of metal makes the material more malleable, so when it is
rolled between two rollers, it can form into a flat sheet much easier. A cold sheet of metal
that is not heated up will be put through the rollers and have a higher amount of energy
needed to push it through. Though there is less heating required, this is balanced out by
the fact that it must be pushed through with more energy.
Shape and Formation
After the sheet is rolled in cold rolling, it is much more difficult to do anything else with it
afterwards. It may have localized buckling due to stress below a yield point. The weight of
a cold rolled sheet of metal is also disadvantageous because it is thin with relation to its
weight. It cannot hold up to a workload as well as a hot rolled sheet of metal because its
physical structure is not as strong.
Cost
The cold rolling process is an expensive one, especially compared to the process of hot
rolling sheet metal. For example, since cold rolling requires that workers frequently clean
parts like the rollers, cold rolling has extra costs for any supplies needed to clean the
parts, downtime while the parts are being cleaned and labor costs for the worker who
does the cleaning. Also, the additional energy needed in the cold rolling process adds cost
to the final product.











ADVANTAGES OF COLD ROLLING

1. Surface finish of the component is better
because no oxidation takes place during the
process.
2. Strength and hardness of the metal are
increased




















CONCLUTION

cold rolling process has advantages and disadvantages.
One of the advantages is when the industry use cold
process the result of surface product is batter because
this process no oxidation. And advantages is energy
cost, It takes much more energy to roll a sheet of
metal in cold rolling than it does for hot rolling. Heating
up a sheet of metal makes the material more malleable,
so when it is rolled between two rollers, it can form into a
flat sheet much easier. A cold sheet of metal that is not
heated up will be put through the rollers and have a
higher amount of energy needed to push it through.
Though there is less heating required, this is balanced
out by the fact that it must be pushed through with more
energy.