Flakiness and Elongation Test (BS 812: Part 3)

1.0 Introduction

The type of rocks and the type of crushing machine highly determine the shape and sizeof the aggregates produced.
Elongated and flaky stones are normally not very suitablefor road works since the shape and the size make them
difficult to compact. As such theflakiness and elongation test must be carried out to determine the suitability of
thematerial.

2.0 Objective

To determine the flakiness index of aggregates.

3.0 Apparatus

a. A metal gauge plate

Figure 3.1: A metal gauge plate
4.0 Methodology
a.Three samples of aggregates weighing 2.5kg each are prepared.
i. Aggregates passing 50mm BS sieve and retained on 37.5mm BSsieve.
ii. Aggregates passing 37.5mm BS sieve and retained on 28mm BSsieve.
iii. Aggregates passing 28mm BS sieve and retained on 20mm BSsieve.
b. Each sample is gauge in turn of thickness on metal gauge.
c. The passing material of each sample is weighed.










5.0 Result

PASSINGSIEVE(mm)RETAINEDSIEVE(mm)SAMPLE(kg)PASSING(kg)RETAINED(kg)FLAKI
NESS INDEX(%)ELONGATION INDEX(%)20 14 1 0.2064 0 20.64 014 10 1 0.0956 0 9.56
0CalculationFlakiness index (%) = Nos. passingTotal Nos. Aggregate= 0.20641= 20.64 %Average Flakiness
Index (%) = Summation of all fractionsNo. of fractions= 20.64 + 9.562= 15.1%Elongation index (%) = Nos.
passingTotal Nos. Aggregate= 01= 0%Average Elongation Index (%) = Summation of all fractionsNo. of
fractions= 02= 0%
X 100
X 100X 100

























6.0 Discussion

Road as one of land transportation infrastructure is very important in supportingthe economic for both regional
and national development. The quality of material forroad construction will also influence the road
performance. Asphalt concrete as oneof road surface material is mainly influenced by the quality of aggregates
sinceaggregate occupies 95% by weight in total mixture. Various shapes of aggregatesmight be occurred
during crushing in the crushing plant starting from rounded to flakyand elongated aggregates. The JKR
requirement is not exceed 20% to make surethat the aggregate are suitable for road construction materials.












































7.0 Recommendations

a.The more sample weight more difficult to count the aggregate but we cancalculated using
the right calculation.

b.Sample are not been forced to pass the metal gauge plate. Its
to make surethat we get the accurate data.

c.We the process, we need to have different tray to make sure all aggregatecounted and not
missed.










































8.0 Conclusions

The value that we get from this test is 15.1% for flakiness and not exceeds 20% the JKRrequirement.
Elongation value is 0% because the aggregate is rounded so no any retainvalue. Aggregate quality for road
construction will also influence the road performance.The flakiness and elongation rocks are not suitable for
road construction because thistype of rocks will make the road surface not balance and easy to damage.9.0














































Reference

a.Bambang I., Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for TransportationStudies, Vol. 6, pp. 1302

1312.
Workability and Resilient Modulus Of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Containing Flaky Aggregates Shape
; 2005.Available from: URL:
http://www.easts.info/on-line/journal_06/1302.pdf

b. Muniandy R., Radin Umar Radin Sohadi.
Highway Materials, A Guide Book For Beginners.
University Putra Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti PutraMalaysia; 2010.
c. Paul H.W., Karen K.D.
Highway Engineering [Seventh Edition]
USA:John Wiley & Son; 2003.

d. Construction Quality Assurance. Introduction.
1(1): [8 screen]. Availablefrom: URL:http://www.durocrete.com/Flakiness.pdf