P.E.

Civil Exam Review:

Structural Analysis

J.P. Mohsen
Email: jpm@louisville.edu
Structures
Determinate

Indeterminate
2
STATICALLY DETERMINATE
3
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
4
Stability and Determinacy of Trusses
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft
10 ft 10 ft
B
C
D
E
F G H
R
L

R
R

7.5 ft
2j = m + r Truss is determinate

2j m + r indeterminate

2j m + r Unstable


J = number of joints
m= number of members
r = number of reactions
A
5
Determine the force in members BH, BC, and DG of the truss shown. Note that
the truss is composed of triangles 7.5 ft : 10.0 ft : 12.5 ft, so that they are 3:4:5
right angles.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft
10 ft 10 ft
B
C
D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

7.5 ft
6
Member BH.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft
10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C
D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

7
Analysis of Member BH.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

F
BH
F
HG
F
AH
H
0 0 = =
bh y
F F
+
Appl ying Equation of Equilibrium to Joint H
8
Member BC.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft
10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C
D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

9
Analysis of Member BC.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

F
BC
E
R
R

G
C D
F
F
HG
F
BG
B
10 ft
12.5 ft
7.5 ft
400 lb.
= 275 lb.
) ( 733
5 . 7
) 20 ( 275
n compressio lbs F
BC
=

=
+
0 5 . 7 20 0 = =
BC R G
F R M
10 ft
10
Member DG.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft
10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C
D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

11
Analysis of Member DG.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

F
CD
E
R
R

G
C D
F
F
GF
F
DG
10 ft
12.5 ft
7.5 ft
12
Analysis of Member DG.
400 lb. 300 lb.
10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft
A
B
C D
E
F G H
R
L
R
R

F
CD
E
R
R

G
C D
F
F
GF
F
DG
10 ft
12.5 ft
7.5 ft
0 =
Y
F
0 =
Y R
DG R
lbs DG
Y
275 =
5
3
=
DG
DG
Y
( ) tension lbs DG 458 =
+
13
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
B
C D
E
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown. Indicate the
maximum moment.
14
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
F
B

C D
F
E

2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
Draw the Free Body Diagram (FBD).
(Note: The horizontal force at point B is equal to zero.)
15
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
F
B
= 100 kN
C D
F
E
= 40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
Solve for the reactions at supports B and E.
M
B
= 0 60(2) + 120 6F
E
= 0 F
E
= 40 kN
F
Y
= 0 -60 80 + F
E
+ F
B
= 0 -100 + F
B
= 0 F
B
= 100 kN
+
+
16
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
Draw the Shear Diagram
for segment AB.
0 0 V (kN)
-40
( )( ) kN
m
kN
m 40 20 2 =
17
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
V (kN)
Show the change in Shear
at B.
kN 100
18
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
V (kN)
Draw the Shear Diagram
for segment BC.
( )( ) kN
m
kN
m 40 20 2 =
19
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40
V (kN)
Show the change in Shear
at C.
kN 60
20
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
V (kN)
Draw the Shear Diagram
for segment CE.
( )( ) kN
m
kN
m 0 0 4 =
21
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
V (kN)
Show the change in Shear
at E.
kN 40
22
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
V (kN)
Completed Shear Diagram
23
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
2
V (kN)
Draw the Moment Diagram
for segment AB.
( )( ) m kN kN m =

40
2
1
40 2
24
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
M (kN-m)
0
0
V (kN)
Draw the Moment Diagram
for segment AB.
( )( ) m kN kN m =

40
2
1
40 2
25
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
2
2
2
V (kN)
Draw the Moment Diagram
for segment BC.
( )( ) ( )( ) m kN kN m kN m = +

80 20 2
2
1
40 2
26
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
2
2
2
V (kN)
Draw the Moment Diagram
for segment CD.
( )( ) m kN kN m = 80 40 2
27
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
80
2
2
2
V (kN)
Show the change in
bending moment at D.
m kn 120
28
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
80
2
2
2
V (kN)
Draw the Moment Diagram
for segment DE.
( )( ) m kn kN m = 80 40 2
29
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0 V (kN)
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
80
2
2
2
Completed Moment
Diagram.
30
120 kN-m
20 kN/m
60 kN
A
100 kN
C D
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
0 0 V (kN)
-40
60
20
-40 -40
-40
-40
M (kN-m) 0 0
40
80
2
2
2
Find the maximum
moment.
m kn M = 80
max
31
32
Find the force in the truss members shown.
33
34
35
What are the vertical and horizontal components of deflection at the 30K Load? All members have a cross
sectional area of 1 square inch and modulus of elasticity of 29000 ksi.
36

=
E A
L u S

E= modulus of elasticity of materials

A= Cross-sectional area of each member
L= Length of each member
S = member force with proper sign
37
These are internal member forces due to
original loading
38
These are internal forces due to a vertical unit load at L
2
39
These are internal member forces due to a horizontal unit load at L
2
40
41
Please find all member forces and specify whether in tension or compression
42
43
44
45
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
What are the support reactions for the beam shown?
46
Moment Distribution
1) calculate the fixed end moments

2) Calculate distribution of moments at the clamped ends of the members
by the rotation of that joint

3) Calculate the magnitude of the moments carried over to the other ends
of the members

4) The addition or subtraction of these latter moments to the original fixed
ends moments

47

Fixed End Moments
P
FEM =PL
8
FEM =PL
8
w
FEM=wL
2
12
FEM=wL
2
12
L/2
L/2
L
P
L
a b
FEM=Pa
2
b
L
2 FEM=Pb
2
a
L
2
48
.


FEM


-25 + 25 - 50 + 50








Lock the joint B
49
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Distribution Factor = K_______________
Sum of K for all members at the joint

=
K
K
DF
1
1

=
K
K
DF
2
2
50
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Distribution Factor = K_______________
Sum of K for all members at the joint
Distribution Factor = K
BA
_
K
BA
+ K
BC

=
K
K
DF
1
1

=
K
K
DF
2
2
51
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
1__
10____ = 2/3 D.F. at B for BA
1__ + 1_
10 20

1__
20____ = 1/3 D.F. at B for BC
1__ + 1_
10 20
52
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B


-25 +25 - 50 +50








1/3
53
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
Joint B


-25 +25 - 50 +50

+ 16.67 +8.33




1/3
Joint B Released
54
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.



-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+ 8.33


1/3
55
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17




1/3
56
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


Final
Moments
-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17


- 16.67

1/3
57
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


Final
Moments
-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17


- 16.67 + 41.67

1/3
58
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


Final
Moments
-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17


- 16.67 +41.67 - 41.67

1/3
59
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


Final
Moments
-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17


- 16.67 +41.67 - 41.67 + 54.17


1/3
60
K
AB
=4EI = I K
BC
=4EI = I
L 10 L 20
Stiffness K
2/3
D. F.


FEM

Balancing
J oint B
C.O.M.


Final
Moments
-25 +25 - 50 +50

+16.67 +8.33

+8.33 +4.17
---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
- 16.67 +41.67 - 41.67 +54.17


1/3
61
20 k
-16.67 FT.K
41.67
-41.67
54.2
1.5 K/FT
7.5 k
12.5 k
14.4 k
15.6 k
20 k
1.5 K/FT
62
63

Member forces for the truss on slide 33 -----



AE=Zero member
CE=500 N Compression
BD= Zero member
BC=500 N Compression
AC= 707 N Tension
AB= Zero member

References
Hibbeler, C. R., Structural Analysis, 3
rd
Edition,
Prentice Hall, 1995.

Chajes, Alexander, Structural Analysis, Prentice
Hall, 1982.
64
Thank You!
Any Questions?


Good Luck!
65