Why hollow shaft can transmit more power than solid shaft

When comparing a solid shaft with a hollow shaft of equal section modulus, both will
transmit the torque with equal stress levels, but the hollow shaft will be stiffer, or rather will
deflect less under the same overhung moment. This translates to longer allowable shaft
lengths at a given stress level, and less weight at a given shaft length. Less weight means less
thrust transmitted to the drive bearings, and a longer expected bearing life. Less weight and
higher stiffness also helps avoid critical speed, frequently a limiting factor in mixer design .
What is the difference between engineering
stress and true stress?
The difference between true stress & engineering stress is summarised as follows:
ngineering stress assumes that the area a force is acting upon remains constant, true stress
ta!es into account the variation in the cross sectional area as a result of the stress induced
deformation "strain# of a material. $or example a steel bar in tension once its yield point or
stress is reached will start to %nec!%. &ec!ing is the locali'ed concentration of strain in a
small region of the material, causing a reduction in cross sectional area at this point .
ngineering stress and strain "also sometimes called nominal stress and strain# are calculated
based on the original dimensions of the material in question .
True stress and strain are calculated based on the actual dimensions of the material .
(o when you do a tension test, the bar will begin to get thinner as it stretches. ngineering
stress would be the force divided by the original area for the duration of the test. True stress
would be the force divided by the actual area, at every time that a measurement is ta!en .
)oments
The moment (or torque) of a force about a turning point is the force multiplied by the
perpendicular distance to the force from the turning point .
Moments are measured in newton metres (Nm) .
The principle of moments.
When an object is in equilibrium the sum of the anticlocwise moments about a turning
point must be equal to the sum of the clocwise moments .
sum of anticlocwise moments ! sum clocwise moments
Couples
" couple is two equal forces which act in opposite directs on an object but not through the
same point so they produce a turning effect .
The moment (or torque) of a couple is calculated by multiplying the si#e of one of the force
($) by the perpendicular distance between the two forces (s) .
%.g. a steering wheel in a car &
*antilever +eams :
,f a beam is rigidly supported at only one end in such a manner that the beam cannot rotate at
that point, it is called as cantilever beam .
The other end of the beam is free to deflect but from the end where it is fixed, it cannot rotate.
The end which is fixed is said to be - restrained.- The reaction of the beam at the fixed end
consists of a vertical force and a couple acting in the plane of the applied loads .
(imply (upported +eam
a beam that has hinged connection at one end and roller connection in other end is called
simply supported beam
so when transverse loads are applied they resists by generating reactive forces on their
supports
(tiffness . %Stiffness is the rigidity of an ob/ect 0 the extent to which it resists deformation
in response to an applied force ".
'esilience ( )Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is
deformed elastically* and release that energy upon unloading. Proof resilience is defined as
the ma+imum energy that can be absorbed within the elastic limit* without creating a
permanent distortion .