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Dr. Vo Ngoc Dieu Dr. Vo Ngoc Dieu Dr. Vo Ngoc Dieu Dr. Vo Ngoc Dieu
Department of Power Systems
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: vndieu@gmail.com
Chapter 6: Chapter 6: Chapter 6: Chapter 6:
HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION
TI U HA VN HNH
H THNG IN
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Introduction
Optimal scheduling of power plant generation is the
determination of the generation for every generating
unit such that the total system generation cost is
minimum while satisfying the system constraints.
The objective of the hydrothermal scheduling
problem is to determine the water releases from each
reservoir of the hydro system at each stage such that
the operation cost is minimized along the planning
period.
he operation cost includes fuel costs for the thermal
units! import costs from neighbouring systems and
penalties for load shedding.
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Introduction
he basic #uestion in hydro thermal coordination is to
find a trade$off between a relative gain associated with
immediate hydro generation and the e%pectation of
future benefits coming from storage.
wo aspects ma&e the hydrothermal scheduling a
comple% problem'
$ he uncertainty of inflows.
$ he hydraulic coupling between hydro plants.
he operation planning of hydrothermal systems is
called (ydrothermal )oordination *()+ problem.
(ydrothermal coordination *()+ problem re#uires
solving for the thermal unit commitments and
generation dispatch as well as the hydro schedules.
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Introduction
he ob,ective is to minimize thermal production cost
sub,ect to meeting the forecasted demand and other
operating constraints.
he () problem is usually solved by decomposition of
the original problem into long! medium and short term
problems each one considering the appropriate aspects
for its time step and horizon of study.
-t is also essential to ta&e into consideration two basic
aspects of the hydro system'
$ he available water #uantity *water inflows+ is
stochastic in nature.
$ he decision for the energy allocated to hydro units is
deterministic.
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Need of Hydrothermal Scheduling
he operating cost of thermal plant is very high! though
their capital cost is low.
/n the other hand the operating cost of hydroelectric
plant is low! though their capital cost is high.
0o it has become economical as well convenient to have
both thermal and hydro plants in the same grid.
he hydroelectric plant can be started #uic&ly and it
has higher reliability and greater speed of response.
he starting of thermal plants is slow and their speed of
response is slow.
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Classification of Hydro Plants
)lassification on the basis of type
$ )onventional plants
1 0torage plants
1 2un$of$river plants
$ 3umped storage plants
)lassification on the 4asis of 5ocation
$ (ydro plants on different streams
$ (ydro plants on the same stream
$ 6ulti$chain hydro plants
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Classification of Hydro Plants
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Classification of Hydro Plants
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Classification of Hydro Plants
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Classification of Hydro Plants
)lassification :ccording to ;uantity of <ater :vailable
$ 2un$off$ 2iver 3lants without 3ondage
$ 2un$off 2iver 3lants with 3ondage
$ 2eservoir 3lants
)lassification of (ydrothermal 0cheduling 3roblems
$ 5ong range problem
$ 0hort range problem
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Classification of Hydro Plants
5ong range problem
$ 5ong range problem includes the yearly cyclic nature
of reservoir water inflows and seasonal load demand
and correspondingly a scheduling period of one year is
used.
$ he long$range hydro$scheduling problem involves
the long$range forecasting of water availability and the
scheduling of reservoir water releases *i.e.!
=drawdown>+ for an interval of time that depends on
the reservoir capacities.
$ ypical long$range scheduling goes anywhere from 1
wee& to 1 year or several years.
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Classification of Hydro Plants
0hort range problem
$ he load demand on the power system e%hibits cyclic
variation over a day or a wee& and the scheduling
interval is either a day or a wee&.
$ he amount of water to be utilized for the short$range
scheduling problem is &nown from the solution of the
long$range scheduling problem.
$ 0hort$range hydro$scheduling *1 day to 1 wee&+
involves the hour$by$hour scheduling of all generation
on a system to achieve minimum production cost for the
given time period.
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Classification of Hydro Plants
he short term hydrothermal scheduling problem is
classified in to two groups
$ ?i%ed head hydro thermal scheduling
$ @ariable head hydro thermal scheduling
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Scheduling Problems
-n the operation of a hydroelectric power system! three
general categories of problems depending on the
balance between the hydroelectric generation! the
thermal generation! and the load.
0ystems without any thermal generation are fairly rare.
$ he economic scheduling of these systems is really a
problem in scheduling water releases to satisfy all the
hydraulic constraints and meet the demand for
electrical energy.
$ echni#ues developed for scheduling hydrothermal
systems may be used in some systems by assigning a
pseudo$fuel cost to some hydroelectric plant and then
the schedule is developed by minimizing the production
=cost> as in a conventional hydrothermal system.
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Scheduling Problems
he largest category of hydrothermal systems includes
$ hose where there is a closer balance between the
hydroelectric and thermal generation resources and
$ hose where the hydroelectric system is a small
fraction of the total capacity.
-n these systems! the schedules are usually developed
to minimize thermal generation production costs!
recognizing all the diverse hydraulic constraints that
may e%ist.
0cheduling problem consists of
$ 3roblem characteristics
$ 3roblem formulation
$ 0olution approach
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Scheduling Energy
0uppose we have two sources of electrical energy to
supply a load! one hydro and another steam. he hydro
plant can supply the load by itself for a limited time.
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Scheduling Energy
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Short Term Hydrothermal Scheduling
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