a.

General description about protection system in Jordan

1.1 The Protection system for 400kV network:
Each element is provided with two sets of high speed discriminative protection, capable of
detecting all credible faults and issuing tripping command to the associated circuit
breakers within the prescribed time. Credible faults include all faults whether phase/phase
or phase/earth, irrespective of whether maximum or minimum plant is connected, account
being taken of the fault impedance. Non Credible are those involving a second order plant
failure, for example a broken conductor ling on high resistance ground and for which
extended fault clearance time ma be acceptable.

Each set of discriminative protection is phsicall and electricall separated with respect to
!C supplies, current transformer cores, voltage transformer windings and multi"core cables.

ain 1 relay functions:
" !istance protection #$%&' ( using $%)) communication mode
*uadrilateral characteristics for all + ,orward -ones . / backward -one.
0/ 1 2345 06 1 /634, 0+ 1/734, 08#&everse' 1 3.6790/
" !irectional earth fault ( setting according to condition stud.

ain ! relay functions:
" !istance protection #:;<' ( operating mode 1 :locking mode.
*uadrilateral characteristics for all .
)ripping dela( 73"=3 ms for -one / .
0/ 1 2345 06 1 /634, 0+ /734, 08#&everse' 1 3.6790/
" !irectional earth fault ( setting according to condition stud.

"ther relay :
" %nder and over voltage rela.
" Circuit breaker fail protection.
" )rip circuit super vision rela.
" Check snchroni-ing rela.
" >uto reclose.
" )rip rela
" >ccessories rela re?uired to complete the scheme

#T and VT use for the e$istin% system :

" / core for main / .
" /core for main 6.

1@ &edundanc is respected.
1
1.! The Protection system for 1&!kV network (
Each element is provided with a single high speed discriminative protection, capable of
detecting all credible faults and issuing tripping command to the associated circuit
breakers within the prescribed time.
)he high speed discriminative protection is augmented with a back"up overcurrent and earth
fault protection, incorporating directional characteristics and sensitive earth
,ault protection as necessar.
Circuit :reaker fail protection is also re?uired for the /+6kA circuit breakers.

Bigh speed discriminative protection sstems are engineered as complete schemes, taken into
account C) and A) #CA)' characteristics.

Ct is also mentioned that protective e?uipment shall remain unoperated following the normal
and correct discharge operation of one or more surge arresters, although it is not mentioned
in what conditions a surge arrested could operate without existing faults.

ain 1 relay functions:
" !istance protection #$%&' ( using $%)) communication mode.
*uadrilateral characteristics for all
+ ,orward -ones . / backward -one
0/ 1 2345 06 1 /634, 0+ /734, 08#&everse' 1 3.6790/

'ack(up relay:
" !irectional Dver"current ( also used for overload protection
" !irectional Earth ,ault ( inverse characteristic
" Eensitive Earth fault ( definite time protection


)$ception for *mman +orth , Tarek -. km short cable/ where:
ain 1 relay(
" ;ine !ifferential protection

ain ! relay:
" !istance protection #as above'
:ack"up rela(
" !irectional Dvercurrent (
" !irectional Earth ,ault (
C) and A) use for the existing sstem (
" / core for distance protection
" / core for directional overcurrent.

1@ &edundanc is respected.

!
"ther functions embedded:
1&!kV "01:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ ,ault ;ocator
6 Circuit breaker fail
+ )rip Circuit Eupervision
8 Enchro"Check
7 >uto &eclose
= )rip relas #Eelf reset#
1&!kV 4G#-4nder Groundin% #able/ : & sections5 each with ! circuits -#lose to Tarek/
ain 1 relay(
" ;ine !ifferential protection

ain ! relay:
" !istance protection #as above'
:ack"up rela(
" !irectional Dver current (
" !irectional Earth ,ault (
C) and A) use for the existing sstem(
" / core for distance protection
" / core for directional over current.

1@ &edundanc is respected.
"ther functions embedded:
1&!kV 4G#:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ ,ault ;ocator
6 Circuit breaker fail
+ )rip Circuit Eupervision
8 Enchro"Check
7 )rip relas #Eelf reset#

1.& Protection system for &&kV network:
,or ++kA network, each element is provided with over"current, earth fault protection and
sensitive earth fault protection as necessar.

&& kV protecti6e plan for "01 circuits:

Fain rela #onl one rela used'(
" Dver"current.
" Earth ,ault .
&
" Eensitive earth fault .

&& kV protecti6e plan for 4G# circuits:

Fain rela #onl one rela used'(
" $ilot Gire protection.
" Dver"current.
" Earth ,ault.

Dther functions embedded(

&& kV "01 #ircuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ )rip Circuit Eupervision
6 Enchro"Check
+ >uto &eclose

&& kV 4G# #ircuits:

2tem Protection 3unction
/ )rip Circuit Eupervision
6 Enchro"Check
+ )rip relas #Band and Electrical reset'


1.4 Protection system for ain Power Transformers
a/ 400 7 1&! kV Transformer circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ !ifferential protection #Fain /'
6 Bigh impedance protection #Fain 6'
+ Dver",lux $rotection
8 Dver"current protection
7 Earth fault protection
= Circuit breaker fail
H )rip Circuit Eupervision
2 Ginding )emperature using bushing C)
)rip relas #hand and electrical reset #
$hsical $rotection current operated relas
Groundin% system(

InIn

b/ 1&! 7 && kV Transformer circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ !ifferential protection
4
6 B.A. &estricted earth ,ault
+ ;.A &estricted earth ,ault
8 Dver current protection
7 Earth fault protection
= Circuit breaker fail
H )rip Circuit Eupervision
2 )rip relas #hand and electrical reset'
J $hsical $rotection current operated relas
/3 Ginding )emperature using bushing C)
Groundin% system:

Normall In! K grounding transformer #-ig-ag#
c/ && kV Transformer circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ &estricted Earth ,ault #primar side ' # tbc#
6 !irectional Dvercurrent
+ Earth ,ault
8 )ransformer Circulating current protection999
7 )rip Circuit Eupervision
= Enchro"Check
H )rip relas #hand and electrical reset'

* if the capacitor bank is connected to the transformer side and not to the 33 kV bus bar side
d' && kV Transformer +eutral )arthin% 8esistance circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ Etand b earth ,ault protection


1.9 Protection system for :hunt 8eactor circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ !ifferential protection
6 Dver current protection
+ Earth ,ault protection
8 Dver Aoltage protection
7 %nder Aoltage protection
= )rip Circuit Eupervision
H )rip relas #self reset'
++ kA shunt reactor protection consists of circulating current protection, inverse time and
earth fault protection.
Ehunt reactors are generall connected on the tertiar side of the power transformers.

)$ception:
9
Dnl one exception for >*>:> substation, where the shunt reactors are on the line side
833' kA >?aba to *uatrana DB;' and permanentl connected.

1.. Protection system for && kV #apacitor bank circuits:
2tem Protection 3unction
/ Dvercurrent protection
6 Earth ,ault protection
+ Dver Aoltage protection
8 %nder Aoltage protection
7 Current %nbalanced protection
= )rip Circuit Eupervision
H )rip relas #self reset'
2 Capacitor protection rela

1.; Protection system for 'us :ections and 'us couplers:
400kV bus section and 'us coupler circuits
2tem Protection 3unction
/ Dvercurrent protection
6 Earth fault protection
+ Circuit breaker fail
8 )rip Circuit Eupervision
7 Enchro"Check

1&! kV bus section and 'us coupler circuits
2tem Protection 3unction
/ Dvercurrent protection
6 Earth fault protection
+ Circuit breaker fail
8 )rip Circuit Eupervision
7 Enchro"Check

&& kV bus section and 'us coupler circuits
2tem Protection 3unction
/ Dvercurrent protection
6 Earth fault protection
+ )rip Circuit Eupervision
8 Enchro"Check

1.< Protection system used for 'usbars

400 - 1kV bus bars :

Bigh Cmpedance !ifferential protection
)wo different sstems are used(
.
" Fain !ifferential protection using one dedicated core #Fain /'
" Check -one protection using a separate core #Fain 6'

1&! - !kV bus bars :

Bigh Cmpedance !ifferential protection
)wo different sstems are used(
" Fain !ifferential protection using one dedicated core
" Check -one protection using a separate core

&& - &V bus bars :

Bigh and low Cmpedance !ifferential protection

Epecial operating modes(

> " Cn case of bus bar fault, an intertrip is sent to the remote end from LCE substation.
: " Cn case of E,= 6
nd
stage alarm, a direct intertrip sent to the remote end.

1.= Protecti6e panels and circuit controls
Each protective rela is mounted into /J rack or panel using front panel or rack mounting.
Each circuit can be isolated for testing purpose or short"circuited in case of C) circuits.
Ct is therefore eas to upgrade or add additional element if necessar.

!. *utomatisms used in the network

!.1 *utomatisms used in the network for *uto recluse:

Dne shot onl " + phases for all 833 kA and /+6 kA DB;.
Except for interconnection with Eria ( single pole dead time.

!ead time( 733 M H33 ms

Cnitiation condition( ,or faults occurring on DB;, initiated following(
" )ripping b the distance rela -one / e?uipment or
" ,ollowing an aided trip in the permissive under reach transfer trip scheme.
'lockin% conditions:
" )hree phase faults
" >n tpe of faults in the second or third back"up -ones
" Cn case of switch on to fault conditions on a previousl de"energi-ed line.
!.! *utomatisms used in the network for :ynchro #heck:
Check snchroni-ing relas are used to enable a check of snchronism between appropriate
incoming and running voltages for manual and automatic reclose of each circuit breaker.
)he method of measurement of slip in which it is ensured that the true phase angle difference
;
does not exceed the set phase angle difference for more than a given time, is preferred.
Cf the preferred measurement method is not used, a timer shall be provided so that at least 6
seconds must elapse between application of both ac supplies to the check snchroni-ing rela
and an output being given.
!.& :pecial Protection :chemes -:P:/ used in the network:
)he following automatic inter"tripping logic is used as follow(

N Cable between Egpt and Oordan( protected b automatic load shedding in the north of
Oordan in case of overloading in the tie line.
N >mman Eouth substation( protected b opening of lines downstream this substation in
order to prevent transformer overloading
N )he /+6kA >mman North")arek double circuits( protected b opening the /+6kA )arek M
universit DB;.

)hese devices are used in the frame of a defense plan against large disturbances.
!.4 1oad :heddin% plan:
)he load shedding scheme consists of one cubicle which includes load shedding relas and
voltage selection relas, as the following(
> M Aoltage selection scheme #>C voltage inputs from ++ kA / //3 Aac A)s for each
transformer circuits, >C voltage output is to be used for under fre?uenc relas'.
: M under fre?uenc relas with at least /= stages #one rela or multiple relas' of
independentl settable fre?uenc . df/dt.
C M )he tripping command is sent to all ++ kA feeders, through fuse links to trip the C:s.
!.9 'reaker 3ailure 1o%ic:
)ime for stage / is /33 msec.
)ime for stage 6 is /73 msec.
>nd current setting @ 3./ >
&. #urrent +etwork >esi%n :
&.1 #T si?in% and o6erall performance
)he tpes and Characteristics of existing current transformers are resumed here after(
)he current transformers shall compl with the CEC =3388"/.

Core Classes( are depending on the application(

Core class >pplication
Class P !istance, !ifferential, :us bar, $ilot wire protections
Class 7$63 :ack"up protections
<
Class 3.7//.3 Cnstruments
Class 3.6E )ariff Fetering

C) ratios( multi C) ratio are used, depending on the short"circuit level and the load current.
Ct is therefore not eas to identif a specific philosoph for the C) design.
Nevertheless, all C)s are used with a secondar side ratio of / >mp.

)pical value for 833kA networks(
/633 / 233 / 833 / / //=33
Number of coils( 8 to 7 cores.

)pical use of C) cores #refer to appendix /' for 833kA DB;(

Core /( Fain / dist protection
Core 6( Fain 6 dist protection
Core +( C:, and Cnstruments
Core 8( Fain bus bar protection
Core 7( Check 0one :us bar protection.
=
b. The protection and meterin% department
The main *im to the protection and meterin% department
)o continuit current transfer into the sstem b testing all the relas and maintain them after
and before the faults to give the maximum reliabilit and confidentl.
The protection and meterin% department consist of the followin% sections:
/. Faintenance protection Eection.
6. )esting protection Eection.
+. Feasuring sstems Eection.
>nd the electronic workshop( which follow to the maintenance Eection.
>ll these sections work together to complete the chain of protection department and to
achieve the aim of protection department successfull.
1. aintenance protection :ection.
)he maintenance protection sstem responsible to all the annual and emergenc maintenance
works as follow(
*nnual maintenances
" preparing the annual plan for the protection maintenance program which cover all the
substation in Oordan for all voltages levels ( 833 , /+6 , ++ kA including protection of
transformer, protection of DB);, protection of feeders , protection of bus bar, and
protection of bus section.
" )he maintenance team consists of engineer/s, lineman or more, and technicians make
the planned maintenance in a coordinating with substation department.
" )he maintenance team test the relas in the substation b the secondar inQection
device then test the rela and notice the interacting between the rela, circuit breaker,
and the alarms, if there is an difference into the reading through testing the rela the
engineer ?uickl test the testing device and record the results.
Cn case of failure of the testing device it replaced b another.
" Cf the testing device is ok, it will be indicator to a problem in the protection rela and
it replaces ?uickl and sent the defected to the electronic workshop.
" )he protection annual maintenance including the follow tests(
o &eaching test.
o )iming test.
o $ower swing test.
10
o A) fails.
o Ewitching to fault.
" )he engineer writes a report for all the dail maintenance operations, then assigned
b a head section and manager.
)mer%ency maintenances:
" Ghen an fault occurs to the network ,the control center call the protection
maintenance, then a ?ualified engineer/s , lineman, and technicians, go ahead to the
substation and take the re?uest from the substation engineer.
" )he protection maintenance engineer record all the problems and alarms ,then the
remove this alarm# make reset', the anal-ed the fault and then test all the
protection rela which record the fault.
" Cf all the result stills same, its mean thereRs a real fault, and then the protection team
calls the control center about the real fault.
" Cf the fault is unreal, the maintenance team replaces the rela b another, and sent the
defective rela to electronic workshop.
!. Testin% of protection relays:
:efore starting a new proQect, the testing section in the protection department tests all the
relas before installed into the service, this tests are as follow(
" Current )ransformers Eecondar CnQection
" Aoltage )ransformers &atio )est
" Aoltage transformer Echeme Check
" Eecondar CnQection of $rotection &ela
" :us bar $rotection Eecondar CnQection
" :reaker ,ailure Eecondar CnQection
" Echeme Check
" )eleportation Echemes Check
" Enchroni-ing Echeme Check
" :us bar $rotection Echeme Check
" $rimar CnQection
" :us bar sensitivit
" :us bar stabilit
" Eensitivit for !ifferential
" . Etabilit for !ifferential
" &estricted Earth ,aults
" ,ault &ecorder
" Etand b Earth scheme Check
" $hsical $rotection Check
&. Testin% of meterin% and measurin% de6ice:
Fetering section installs the new metering into the control panel and makes the secondar
following tests(
" >ccurac test.
" Energ register test.
11
" Fax. ;oad test.
)he primar test to metering are(
" A) test.
" C) test.
)he measuring devices used to measure the energ are(
" Aoltage measuring device.
" Current measuring device.
" &eal power #F. watt' measuring device.
" &eactive power #F.var' measuring device.
4. )lectronic workshop:
Electronic workshop is follow to the maintenance Eection, and acting to repair all the
defective relas and the breakdown rela as can as possible, b a ?ualified electronics
engineer/s and technicians, then back the relas into service or send them to the store as a
spare parts.
)he aim of Electronic workshop is to provide the technical support to whole compan
sections. Ct contains advanced e?uipments and testing devices, these devices include CC
tester which consider one of the best devices for electronic maintenance. >lso it contains
different devices which used in maintain, repair and calibrate like #Femor programmer,
Dscilloscope, E$&DF Eraser, transistor tester, function generator, Eoldering . !isordering
machine with temperature control, !C power suppl and >AD meter'
Electronic workshop responsibilit include maintain, repair and calibrate different tpes of
protection relas like Dver current rela, Earth fault relas, !ifferential relas, !istance
relas, >uto"&eclose relas, )rip circuit supervision relas, under fre?uenc relas, and ,ault
&ecorder S'.
Electronic Gorkshop also responsible to maintain, repair and calibrate testing devices that
used for testing protection circuits. )hese devices include #$rimar inQection test set,
secondar inQection test set, !C power suppl unit, fre?uenc Lenerator, !istance test set,
Fegger devices, >AD"meters, and clamp"on meter'.
)he responsibilit also includes operation, testing and maintenance for substation batter
chargers and an other devices in the substation.
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