CSM Chapters7 PDF

Chapter 7
Techniques of Integration
7.1 Integration Three Resources
1.
_
5
5x
dx =
1
5
_
5
5x
(5 dx) u = 5x, du = 5 dx
=
1
5
_
5
u
du =
1
5
_
1
ln5
5
u
_
+C =
5
5x
5 ln5
+C =
1
5
5x+1
ln5
+C
2.
_
1
xe
x
dx =
_
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx = 2
_
e
x
1/2
_
1
2
x
1/2
dx
_
u = x
1/2
, du =
1
2
x
1/2
dx
= 2
_
e
u
du = 2e
u
+C = 2e
x
1/2
+C =
2
e
x
+C
3.
_
sin
1 +x
1 +x
= 2
_
[sin(1 +x)
1/2
]
_
1
2
(1 +x)
1/2
_
dx
u = (1 +x)
1/2
, du =
1
2
(1 +x)
1/2
dx
= 2
_
sinudu = 2 cos u +C = 2 cos
1 +x +C
4.
_
cos e
x
e
x
dx =
_
(cos e
x
)(e
x
dx) u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx
=
_
cos udu = sinu +C = sine
x
+C
5.
_
x
25 4x
2
dx =
1
8
_
(25 4x
2
)
1/2
(8xdx) u = 25 4x
2
, du = 8xdx
=
1
8
_
u
1/2
du =
1
8
(2u
1/2
) +C =
1
4
_
25 4x
2
+C
401
402 CHAPTER 7. TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION
6.
_
1
25 4x
2
dx =
1
2
_
1
_
5
2
(2x)
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
1
2
_
1
5
2
u
2
du =
1
2
_
sin
1
u
5
_
+C =
1
2
sin
1
2x
5
+C
7.
_
1
x
4x
2
25
dx =
_
1
2x
_
(2x)
2
5
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
_
1
u
u
2
5
2
du =
1
5
sec
1
u
5
+C =
1
5
sec
1
2x
5
+C
8.
_
1
25 + 4x
2
dx =
1
2
_
1
_
5
2
+ (2x)
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
1
2
_
1
5
2
+u
2
du =
1
2
_
ln
u +
_
u
2
+ 5
2
_
+C
=
1
2
ln
2x +
_
4x
2
+ 25
+C
9.
_
1
25 + 4x
2
dx =
1
2
_
1
5
2
+ (2x)
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
1
2
_
1
5
2
+u
2
du =
1
2
_
1
5
tan
1
u
5
_
+C =
1
10
tan
1
2x
5
+C
10.
_
x
25 + 4x
2
dx =
1
8
_
1
25 + 4x
2
(8xdx) u = 25 + 4x
2
, du = 8xdx
=
1
8
_
1
u
du =
1
8
(ln|u|) +C =
1
8
ln|25 + 4x
2
| +C
11.
_
1
4x
2
25
dx =
1
2
_
1
(2x)
2
5
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
1
2
_
1
u
2
5
2
du =
1
2
_
1
2(5)
ln
u 5
u + 5
_
+C
=
1
20
ln
2x 5
2x + 5
+C
12.
_
1
x
4x
2
+ 25
dx =
_
1
2x
_
5
2
+ (2x)
2
(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
_
1
u
5
2
+u
2
du =
1
5
ln
5 +
25 +u
2
u
+C
=
1
5
ln
5 +
25 + 4x
2
2x
+C
13.
_
cot 10xdx =
1
10
_
cot 10x(10 dx) u = 10x, du = 10 dx
=
1
10
_
cot udu =
1
10
(ln| sinu|) +C =
1
10
ln| sin10x| +C
7.1. INTEGRATION THREE RESOURCES 403
14.
_
xcsc
2
x
2
dx =
1
2
_
(csc
2
x
2
)(2xdx) u = x
2
, du = 2xdx
=
1
2
_
csc
2
udu =
1
2
(cot u) +C =
1
2
cot x
2
+C
15.
_
6
(3 5t)
2.2
dx =
6
5
_
(3 5t)
2.2
(5 dt) u = 3 5t, du = 5 dt
=
6
5
_
u
2.2
du =
6
5
_
1
1.2
u
1.2
_
+C =
1
(3 5t)
1.2
+C
16.
_
x
2
_
(1 x
3
)
5
dx =
1
3
_
(1 x
3
)
5/2
(3x
2
dx) u = 1 x
3
, du = 3x
2
dx
=
1
3
_
u
5/2
du =
1
3
_
2
7
u
7/2
_
+C =
2
21
_
(1 x
3
)
7
+C
17.
_
sec 3xdx =
1
3
_
(sec 3x)(3 dx) u = 3x, du = 3 dx
=
1
3
_
sec udu =
1
3
(ln| sec u + tanu|) +C =
1
3
ln| sec 3x + tan3x| +C
18.
_
2 csc 2xdx =
_
(csc 2x)(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
_
csc udu = ln| csc u cot u| +C = ln| csc 2x cot 2x| +C
19.
_
sin
1
x
1 x
2
dx =
_
(sin
1
x)
_
1
1 x
2
dx
_
u = sin
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx
=
_
udu =
1
2
u
2
+C =
1
2
(sin
1
x)
2
+C
20.
_
1
(1 +x
2
) tan
1
x
dx =
_ _
1
tan
1
x
__
1
1 +x
2
dx
_
u = tan
1
x, du =
1
1 +x
2
dx
=
_
1
u
du = ln|u| +C = ln| tan
1
x| +C
21.
_
sinx
1 + cos
2
x
dx =
_
1
1
2
+ cos
2
x
(sinxdx) u = cos x, du = sinxdx
=
_
1
1
2
+u
2
du = tan
1
u +C = tan
1
(cos x) +C
22.
_
cos(ln9x)
x
dx =
_
[cos(ln9x)]
_
1
x
dx
_
u = ln9x, du = 9
_
1
9x
_
dx =
1
x
dx
=
_
cos udu = sinu +C = sin(ln9x) +C
23.
_
x
3
cosh
2
x
4
dx =
1
4
_
(sech
2
x
4
)(4x
3
dx) u = x
4
, du = 4x
3
dx
=
1
4
_
sech
2
udu =
1
4
tanhu +C =
1
4
tanhx
4
+C
24.
_
tanhxdx =
_ _
1
coshx
_
(sinhxdx) u = coshx, du = sinhxdx
=
_
1
u
du = ln|u| +C = ln| coshx| +C
25.
_
tan2xsec 2xdx =
1
2
_
(sec 2xtan2x)(2 dx) u = 2x, du = 2 dx
=
1
2
_
sec utanudu =
1
2
sec u +C =
1
2
sec 2x +C
26.
_
sinxsin(cos x) dx =
_
[sin(cos x)](sinxdx) u = cos x, du = sinxdx
=
_
sinudu = (cos u) +C = cos(cos x) +C
27.
_
sinxcsc(cos x) cot(cos x) dx =
_
[csc(cos x) cot(cos x)](sinxdx)
u = cos x, du = sinx
=
_
csc ucot udu = (csc u) +C = csc(cos x) +C
28.
_
cos xcsc
2
(sinx) dx =
_
[csc
2
(sinx)](cos xdx) u = sinx, du = cos xdx
=
_
csc
2
udu = cot u +C = cot(sinx) +C
29.
_
(1 + tanx)
2
sec
2
xdx u = 1 + tanx, du = sec
2
xdx
=
_
u
2
du =
1
3
u
3
+C =
1
3
(1 + tanx)
3
+C
30.
_
1
x(lnx)
2
dx =
_
(lnx)
2
_
1
x
dx
_
u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx
=
_
u
2
du = u
1
+C =
1
lnx
+C
31.
_
e
2x
1 +e
2x
dx =
1
2
_
(1 +e
2x
)
1
(2e
2x
dx) u = 1 +e
2x
, du = 2e
2x
dx
=
1
2
_
u
1
du =
1
2
ln|u| +C =
1
2
ln(1 +e
2x
) +C
7.2. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION 405
32.
_
e
x
1 +e
2x
dx =
_
1
1
2
+ (e
x
)
2
(e
x
dx) u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx
=
_
1
1
2
+u
2
du = tan
1
u +C = tan
1
e
x
+C
7.2 Integration by Substitution
1.
_
x(x + 1)
3
dx u = x + 1, x = u 1, dx = du
=
_
(u 1)u
3
du =
_
(u
4
u
3
) du
=
1
5
u
5
1
4
u
4
+C =
1
5
(x + 1)
5
1
4
(x + 1)
4
+C
2.
_
x
2
3
(x + 1)
3
dx u = x + 1, x = u 1, dx = du
=
_
(u 1)
2
3
u
3
du =
_
u
2
2u 2
u
3
du =
_
(u
1
2u
2
2u
3
) du
= ln|u| + 2u
1
+u
2
+C = ln|x + 1| +
2
x + 1
+
1
(x + 1)
2
+C
3.
_
(2x + 1)
x 5 dx u = x 5, x = u + 5, dx = du
=
_
(2u + 11)u
1/2
du =
_
(2u
3/2
+ 11u
1/2
) du =
4
5
u
5/2
+
22
3
u
3/2
+C
=
4
5
(x 5)
5/2
+
22
3
(x 5)
3/2
+C
4.
_
(x
2
1)
2x + 1 dx u = 2x + 1, x =
1
2
(u 1), dx =
1
2
du
=
_ _
(u 1)
2
4
1
_
u
1/2
_
1
2
du
_
=
_ _
u
2
2u + 1
4
1
_
u
1/2
2
du
=
_ _
u
5/2
8

u
3/2
4

3u
1/2
8
_
du =
1
28
u
7/2
1
10
u
5/2
1
4
u
3/2
+C
=
1
28
(2x + 1)
7/2
1
10
(2x + 1)
5/2
1
4
(2x + 1)
3/2
+C
5.
_
x
x 1
dx u = x 1, x = u + 1, dx = du
=
_
u + 1
u
1/2
du =
_
(u
1/2
+u
1/2
) du =
2
3
u
3/2
+ 2u
1/2
+C
=
2
3
(x 1)
3/2
+ 2(x 1)
1/2
+C
6.
_
x
2
x + 2
dx u = x + 2, x = u 2, dx = du
=
_
(u 2)
2
u
1/2
du =
_
(u
3/2
4u
1/2
+ 4u
1/2
) du
=
2
5
u
5/2
8
3
u
3/2
+ 8u
1/2
+C =
2
5
(x + 2)
5/2
8
3
(x + 2)
3/2
+ 8(x + 2)
1/2
+C
7.
_
x + 3
(3x 4)
3/2
dx u = 3x 4, x =
1
3
(u + 4), dx =
1
3
du
=
_
u/3 + 13/3
u
3/2
_
1
3
du
_
=
_
1
9
u
1/2
+
13
9
u
3/2
=
2
9
u
1/2
26
9
u
1/2
+C
=
2
9
(3x 4)
1/2
26
9
(3x 4)
1/2
+C
8.
_
(x
2
+x)
3
x + 7 dx u = x + 7, x = u 7, dx = du
=
_
[(u 7)
2
+ (u 7)]u
1/3
du =
_
(u
2
13u + 42)u
1/3
du
=
_
(u
7/3
13u
4/3
+ 42u
1/3
) du =
3
10
u
10/3
39
7
u
7/3
+
63
2
u
4/3
+C
=
3
10
(x + 7)
10/3
39
7
(x + 7)
7/3
+
63
2
(x + 7)
4/3
+C
9.
_
x
x + 1
dx u =
x, x = u
2
, dx = 2udu
=
_
u
u
2
+ 1
(2udu) =
_
2u
2
u
2
+ 1
du =
_ _
2
2
u
2
+ 1
_
du
= 2u 2 tan
1
u +C = 2
x 2 tan
1
x +C
10.
_
t
t + 1
dt u =
t + 1, t = (u 1)
2
, dt = 2(u 1) du
=
_
(u 1)
2
u
[2(u 1) du] =
_
2(u 1)
3
u
du
=
_ _
2u
2
6u + 6
2
u
_
du =
2
3
u
3
3u
2
+ 6u 2 ln|u| +C
=
2
3
(
t + 1)
3
3(
t + 1)
2
+ 6(
t + 1) 2 ln(
t + 1) +C
11.
_

t 3
t + 1
dt u =
t + 1, t = (u 1)
2
, dt = 2(u 1) du
=
_
u 4
u
[2(u 1) du] =
_ _
2u 10 +
8
u
_
du = u
2
10u + 8 ln|u| +C
= (
t + 1)
2
10(
t + 1) + 8 ln(
t + 1) +C
12.
_
r + 3
r + 3
dr u =
r, r = u
2
, dr = 2udu
=
_
u + 3
u
2
+ 3
(2udu) =
_
2u
2
+ 6u
u
2
+ 3
du =
_ _
2 +
6u
u
2
+ 3

6
u
2
+ 3
_
du
= 2u + 3 ln(u
2
+ 3)
6
3
tan
1
u
3
+C
= 2
r + 3 ln(r + 3) 2
3 tan
1
_
r
3
+C
13.
_
x
3
3
x
2
+ 1
dx =
_
x
2
(x
2
+ 1)
1/3
(xdx) u = x
2
+ 1, du = 2xdx
=
_
u 1
u
1/3
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
(u
2/3
u
1/3
) du =
3
10
u
5/3
3
4
u
2/3
+C
=
3
10
(x
2
+ 1)
5/3
3
4
(x
2
+ 1)
2/3
+C
14.
_
x
5
5
x
2
+ 4
dx =
_
x
4
(x
2
+ 4)
1/5
(xdx) u = x
2
+ 4, du = 2xdx
=
_
(u 4)
2
u
1/5
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
(u
9/5
8u
4/5
+ 16u
1/5
) du
=
5
28
u
14/5
20
9
u
9/5
+ 10u
4/5
+C
=
5
28
(x
2
+ 4)
14/5
20
9
(x
2
+ 4)
9/5
+ 10(x
2
+ 4)
4/5
+C
15.
_
x
2
(x 1)
4
dx u = x 1, du = dx
=
_
(u + 1)
2
u
4
du =
_
(u
2
+ 2u
3
+u
4
) du = u
1
u
2
1
3
u
3
+C
=
1
x 1

1
(x 1)
2

1
3(x 1)
3
+C
16.
_
2x + 1
(x + 7)
2
dx u = x + 7, du = dx
=
_
2(u 7) + 1
u
2
du =
_
(2u
1
13u
2
) du = 2 ln|u| + 13u
1
+C
= 2 ln|x + 7| +
13
x + 7
+C
17.
_

e
x
1 dx u =
e
x
1, x = ln(u
2
+ 1), dx =
2u
u
2
+ 1
du
=
_
u
_
2u
u
2
+ 1
_
du =
_ _
2
2u
u
2
+ 1
_
du = 2u 2 tan
1
u +C
= 2
e
x
1 2 tan
1
e
x
1 +C
18.
_
1
e
x
1
dx u =
e
x
1, x = ln(u
2
+ 1), dx =
2u
u
2
+ 1
du
=
_
1
u
_
2u
u
2
+ 1
_
du =
_
2
u
2
+ 1
du = 2 tan
1
u +C = 2 tan
1
e
x
1 +C
19.
_ _
1
v dv u = 1
v, v = (1 u)
2
, dv = 2(1 u) du
=
_
u
1/2
[2(1 u) du] =
_
(2u
3/2
2u
1/2
) du =
4
5
u
5/2
4
3
u
3/2
+C
=
4
5
(1
v)
5/2
4
3
(1
v)
3/2
+C
20.
_
w
_
1
w
dw u = 1
w, w = (1 u)
2
, dw = 2(1 u) du
=
_
1 u
u
1/2
[2(1 u) du] = 2
_
(u
1/2
2u
1/2
+u
3/2
) du
= 2
_
2u
1/2
4
3
u
3/2
+
2
5
u
5/2
+C
_
= 4(1
w)
1/2
+
8
3
(1
w)
3/2
4
5
(1
w)
5/2
+C
1
21.
_
_
1 +
t
dt u = 1 +
t, du =
1
2
t
dt
=
_

u(2 du) =
4
3
u
3/2
+C =
4
3
(1 +
t)
3/2
+C
22.
_

t
_
1 +t
t dt u = 1 +t
t = 1 +t
3/2
, du =
3
2
t
1/2
dt
=
_
2
3
udu =
4
9
u
3/2
+C =
4
9
(1 +t
t)
3/2
+C
23.
_
2x + 7
x
2
+ 2x + 5
dx =
_
2(x + 1) + 5
(x + 1)
2
+ 4
dx =
_
2(x + 1)
(x + 1)
2
+ 4
dx +
_
5
(x + 1)
2
+ 4
dx
= ln[(x + 1)
2
+ 4] +
5
2
tan
1
x + 1
2
+C
= ln(x
2
+ 2x + 5) +
5
2
tan
1
x + 1
2
+C
24.
_
6x 1
4x
2
+ 4x + 10
dx =
3
4
_
2(x + 1/2) 4/3
(x + 1/2)
2
+ 9/4
dx
=
3
4
_
2(x + 1/2)
(x + 1/2)
2
+ 9/4
dx
_
1
(x + 1/2)
2
+ 9/4
dx
=
3
4
ln[(x + 1/2)
2
+ 9/4]
2
3
tan
1
x + 1/2
3/2
+C
=
3
4
ln
4x
2
+ 4x + 10
4

2
3
tan
1
2x + 1
3
+C
=
3
4
ln(4x
2
+ 4x + 10)
2
3
tan
1
2x + 1
3
+C
1
25.
_
2x + 5
16 16x x
2
dx =
_
2(x + 3) 1
_
25 (x + 3)
2
dx
=
_
2(x + 3)
_
25 (x + 3)
2
dx
_
1
_
25 (x + 3)
2
dx
u = 25 (x + 3)
2
, du = 2(x + 3) dx
=
_
1
u
du sin
1
x + 3
5
+C = 2
u sin
1
x + 3
5
+C
= 2
_
16 6x x
2
sin
1
x + 3
5
+C
26.
_
4x 3
11 + 10x x
2
dx =
_
4(x 5) + 17
_
36 (x 5)
2
dx
=
_
4(x 5)
_
36 (x 5)
2
dx +
_
17
_
36 (x 5)
2
dx
u = 36 (x 5)
2
, du = 2(x 5) dx
=
_
2
u
du + 17 sin
1
x 5
6
+C = 4
u + 17 sin
1
x 5
6
+C
= 4
_
11 + 10x x
2
+ 17 sin
1
x 5
6
+C
27.
_
1
x
3
x
dx u = x
1/6
, x = u
6
, dx = 6u
5
du
=
_
6u
5
u
3
u
2
du = 6
_ _
u
2
+u + 1 +
1
u 1
_
du
= 2u
3
+ 3u
2
+ 6u + 6 ln|u 1| +C
= 2
x + 3
3
x + 6
6
x + 6 ln|
6
x 1| +C
28.
_
6
x
3
x + 1
dx u = x
1/6
, x = u
6
, dx = 6u
5
du
=
_
u
u
2
+ 1
(6u
5
du) =
_
6u
6
u
2
+ 1
du =
_ _
6u
4
6u
2
+ 6
6
u
2
+ 1
_
du
=
6
5
u
5
2u
3
+ 6u 6 tan
1
u +C
=
6
5
x
5/6
2x
1/2
+ 6x
1/6
6 tan
1
x
1/6
+C
29.
_
1
0
x
5x + 4 dx u = 5x + 4, x =
1
5
(u 4), dx =
1
5
du
=
_
9
4
1
5
(u 4)u
1/2
_
1
5
du
_
=
1
25
_
9
4
(u
3/2
4u
1/2
) du
=
1
25
_
2
5
u
5/2
8
3
u
3/2
__
9
4
=
1
25
__
486
5
72
_
_
64
5

64
3
__
=
506
375
30.
_
0
1
x
3
x + 1 dx u = x + 1, du = dx
=
_
1
0
(u 1)u
1/3
du =
_
1
0
(u
4/3
u
1/3
) du
=
_
3
7
u
7/3
3
4
u
4/3
__
1
0
=
3
7

3
4
=
9
28
31.
_
16
1
1
10 +
x
dx u = 10 +
x, x = (u 10)
2
, dx = 2(u 10) du
=
_
14
11
2(u 10)
u
du =
_
14
11
_
2
20
u
_
du = (2u 20 ln|u|)]
14
11
= (28 20 ln14) (22 20 ln11) = 6 20 ln
14
11
32.
_
9
4
x 1
x + 1
dx u =
x + 1, x = (u 1)
2
, dx = 2(u 1) du
=
_
4
3
u 2
u
[2(u 1) du] =
_
4
3
_
2u 6 +
4
u
_
du =
_
u
2
6u + 4 ln|u|
_
4
3
= (8 + 4 ln4) (9 + 4 ln3) = 1 + 4 ln
4
3
33.
_
9
2
5x 6
3
x 1
dx u =
3
x 1, x = u
3
+ 1, dx = 3u
2
du
=
_
2
1
5(u
3
+ 1) 6
u
(3u
2
du) =
_
2
1
(15u
4
3u) du =
_
3u
5
3
2
u
2
__
2
1
= 90
3
2
=
177
2
34.
_
0
3
2x
3
x
2
+ 1
dx =
_
0
3
x
2
x
2
+ 1
(2xdx) u = x
2
+ 1, du = 2xdx
=
_
1
4
u 1
u
1/2
du =
_
1
4
(u
1/2
u
1/2
) du =
_
2
3
u
3/2
2u
1/2
__
1
4
=
4
3

4
3
=
8
3
35.
_
1
0
(1
x)
50
dx u = 1
x, x = (1 u)
2
, dx = 2(1 u) du
=
_
0
1
u
50
[2(1 u) du] =
_
0
1
(2u
51
2u
50
) du =
_
1
26
u
52
2
51
u
51
__
0
1
= 0
_
1
1326
_
=
1
1326
36.
_
4
0
1
(1 +
x)
3
dx u = 1 +
x, x = (u 1
2
), dx = 2(1 u) du
=
_
3
1
2(u 1)
u
3
du =
_
3
1
(2u
2
2u
3
) du = (2u
1
+u
2
)
3
1
=
_
1
u
2

2
u
__
3
1
=
5
9
(1) =
4
9
37.
_
8
1
1
x
1/3
+x
2/3
dx u = x
1/3
, x = u
3
, dx = 3u
2
du
=
_
2
1
3u
2
u +u
2
du =
_
2
1
_
3
3
1 +u
_
du = (3u 3 ln|1 +u|)]
2
1
= (6 3 ln3) (3 3 ln2) = 3 + 3 ln
2
3
38.
_
64
1
x
1/3
x
2/3
+ 2
dx u = x
1/3
, x = u
3
, dx = 3u
2
du
=
_
4
1
u
u
2
+ 2
(3u
2
du) =
_
4
1
_
3u
6u
u
2
+ 2
_
du =
_
3
2
u
2
3 ln(u
2
+ 2)
_
4
1
= (24 3 ln18)
_
3
2
3 ln3
_
=
45
2
3 ln6
39.
_
1
0
x
2
(1 x)
5
dx u = 1 x, du = dx
=
_
0
1
(1 u)
2
u
5
(du) =
_
1
0
(u
5
2u
6
+u
7
) du
=
_
1
6
u
6
2
7
u
7
+
1
8
u
8
__
1
0
=
1
6

2
7
+
1
8
=
1
168
40.
_
6
0
2x + 5
2x + 4
dx u = 2x + 4, du = 2 dx
=
_
16
4
u + 1
u
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
16
4
(u
1/2
+u
1/2
) du =
1
2
_
2
3
u
3/2
+ 2u
1/2
__
16
4
=
1
2
__
128
3
+ 8
_
_
16
3
+ 4
__
=
62
3
41.
_
x
2
1
1
t
dt u =
t, t = u
2
, dt = 2udu
=
_
x
1
1
u
2
(2udu) = 2
_
x
1
1
u
du = 2
_
x
1
1
t
dt
42.
_

x
1
1
t
dt u = t
2
, t =
u, dt =
1
2
u
du
=
_
x
1
1
u
_
1
2
u
du
_
=
1
2
_
x
1
1
u
du =
1
2
_
x
1
1
t
dt
1
1
43. A =
_
1
0
1
x
1/3
+ 1
dx u = x
1/3
, x = u
3
, dx = 3u
2
du
=
_
1
0
3u
2
u + 1
du =
_
1
0
_
3u 3 +
3
u + 1
_
du
=
_
3
2
u
2
3u + 3 ln|u + 1|
__
1
0
=
_
3
2
+ 3 ln2
_
0 0.5794
-1 1
1
44. A =
_
0
1
x
3
x + 1 dx +
_
1
0
x
3
x + 1 dx u = x + 1, du = dx
=
_
1
0
(u 1)
3
u
1/2
du +
_
2
1
(u 1)
3
u
1/2
du
=
_
1
0
(u
7/2
3u
5/2
+ 3u
3/2
u
1/2
) du +
_
2
1
(u
7/2
3u
5/2
+ 3u
3/2
u
1/2
) du
=
_
2
9
u
9/2
6
7
u
7/2
+
6
5
u
5/2
2
3
u
3/2
__
1
0
+
_
2
9
u
9/2
6
7
u
7/2
+
6
5
u
5/2
2
3
u
3/2
__
2
1
=
_
32
315
0
_
+
_
52
315
2
_
32
315
__
=
64 + 52
2
315
0.4366
45. V = 2
_
4
0
x
1
x + 1
dx u =
x + 1, x = (u 1)
2
, dx = 2(u 1) du
= 2
_
3
1
(u 1)
2
u
[2(u 1) du] = 2
_
3
1
_
2u
2
6u + 6
2
u
_
du
7.3. INTEGRATION BY PARTS 413
4
1
= 2
_
2
3
u
3
3u
2
+ 6u 2 ln|u|
__
3
1
= 2
_
(9 2 ln3)
11
3
_
= 2
_
16
3
2 ln3
_
19.7048
46. V =
_
4
0
1
(
x + 1)
2
dx u =
x + 1, x = (u 1)
2
, dx = 2(u 1) du
4
1
=
_
3
1
2(u 1)
u
2
du =
_
3
1
_
2
u

2
u
2
_
du =
_
2 ln|u| +
2
u
__
3
1
=
__
2 ln3 +
2
3
_
2
_
=
_
2 ln3
4
3
_
2.7140
47. y = x
1/4
L =
_
9
0
_
1 + (x
1/4
)
2
dx =
_
9
0
_
1 +
xdx
u = 1 +
x, x = (u 1)
2
, dx = 2(u 1) du
=
_
4
1
u[2(u 1) du] = 2
_
4
1
(u
3/2
u
1/2
) du = 2
_
2
5
u
5/2
2
3
u
3/2
__
4
1
= 2
__
64
5

16
3
_
_
2
5

2
3
__
=
232
15
48. T =
_
w2
w1
1
Aw
2/3
Bw
dw u = w
1/3
, w = u
3
, dw = 3u
2
du
=
_
w
1/3
2
w
1/3
1
3u
2
Au
2
Bu
3
du =
_
w
1/3
2
w
1/3
1
3
ABu
du
=
3
B
ln|ABu|
_
w
1/3
2
w
1/3
1
=
3
B
ln
ABw
1/3
1
ABw
1/3
2
.
Assuming that ABw
1/3
2
> 0 we see that w
2
<
_
A
B
_
3
.
7.3 Integration by Parts
1.
_
x
x + 3 dx u = x, du = dx; dv = (x + 3)
1/2
dx, v =
2
3
(x + 3)
3/2
=
2
3
x(x + 3)
3/2
_
2
3
(x + 3)
3/2
dx =
2
3
x(x + 3)
3/2
4
15
(x + 3)
5/2
+C
2.
_
x
2x 5
dx u = x, du = dx; dv = (2x 5)
1/2
dx, v = (2x 5)
1/2
= x(2x 5)
1/2
_
(2x 5)
1/2
dx = x(2x 5)
1/2
1
3
(2x 5)
3/2
+C
3.
_
ln4xdx u = ln4x, du =
1
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln4x
_
dx = xln4x x +C
4.
_
ln(x + 1) dx u = ln(x + 1), du =
1
x + 1
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln(x + 1)
_
x
x + 1
dx = xln(x + 1)
_ _
1
1
x + 1
_
dx
= xln(x + 1) x + ln(x + 1) +C
5.
_
xln2xdx u = ln2x, du =
1
x
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
ln2x
_
x
2
2x
dx =
1
2
x
2
ln2x
1
2
_
xdx =
1
2
x
2
ln2x
1
4
x
2
+C
6.
_
x
1/2
lnxdx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv = x
1/2
dx, v =
2
3
x
3/2
=
2
3
x
3/2
lnx
_
2
3
_
x
3/2
x
_
dx =
2
3
x
3/2
lnx
2
3
_
x
1/2
dx
=
2
3
x
3/2
lnx
4
9
x
3/2
+C
7.
_
lnx
x
2
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv =
1
x
2
dx, v =
1
x
=
1
x
lnx
_ _
1
x
2
_
dx =
1
x
lnx
1
x
+C
8.
_
lnx
x
3
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv = x
3/2
dx, v = 2x
1/2
= 2x
1/2
lnx
_
2x
1/2
x
dx
= 2x
1/2
lnx + 2
_
x
3/2
dx = 2x
1/2
lnx 4x
1/2
+C
9.
_
(lnt)
2
dt u = (lnt)
2
, du =
2 lnt
t
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= t(lnt)
2
_
2 lnt dt u = 2 lnt, du =
2
t
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= t(lnt)
2
_
2t lnt
_
2 dt
_
= t(lnt)
2
2t lnt + 2t +C
10.
_
(t lnt)
2
dt u = (lnt)
2
, du =
2 lnt
t
dt; dv = t
2
dt, v =
1
3
t
3
=
1
3
t
3
(lnt)
2
_
2
3
t
2
lnt dt u = lnt, du =
1
t
dt; dv =
2
3
t
2
dt, v =
2
9
t
3
=
1
3
t
3
(lnt)
2
_
2
9
t
3
lnt
_
2
9
t
2
dt
_
=
1
3
t
3
(lnt)
2
2
9
t
3
lnt +
2
27
t
3
+C
11.
_
sin
1
xdx u = sin
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xsin
1
x
_
x
1 x
2
dx u = 1 x
2
, du = 2xdx
= xsin
1
x
_
1
u
_
1
2
du
_
= xsin
1
x +
u +C
= xsin
1
x +
_
1 x
2
+C
12.
_
x
2
tan
1
xdx u = tan
1
x, du =
1
1 +x
2
dx; dv = x
2
dx, v =
1
3
x
3
=
1
3
x
3
tan
1
x
_
1
3
_
x
3
1 +x
2
_
dx =
1
3
x
3
tan
1
x
1
3
_ _
x
x
1 +x
2
_
dx
=
1
3
x
3
tan
1
x
1
6
x
2
+
1
6
ln(1 +x
2
) +C
13.
_
xe
3x
dx u = x, du = dx; dv = e
3x
dx, v =
1
3
e
3x
=
1
3
xe
3x
_
1
3
e
3x
dx =
1
3
xe
3x
1
9
e
3x
+C
14.
_
x
2
e
5x
dx u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = e
5x
dx, v =
1
5
e
5x
=
1
5
x
2
e
5x
_
2
5
xe
5x
dx u =
2
5
x, du =
2
5
dx; dv = e
5x
dx, v =
1
5
e
5x
=
1
5
x
2
e
5x
_
2
25
xe
5x
_
2
25
e
5x
dx
_
=
1
5
x
2
e
5x
2
25
xe
5x
+
2
125
e
5x
+C
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15.
_
x
3
e
4x
dx =
1
4
x
3
e
4x
3
16
x
2
e
4x
3
32
xe
4x
3
128
e
4x
+C
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
15. x
3
3x
2
6x 6
e
4x
1
4
e
4x
1
16
e
4x
1
64
e
4x
1
256
e
4x
16. x
5
5x
4
20x
3
60x
2
120x 120
e
x
1
+
+
16.
_
x
5
e
x
dx = x
5
e
x
5x
4
e
x
+ 20x
3
e
x
60x
2
e
x
+ 120xe
x
120e
x
+C
17.
_
x
3
e
x
2
dx u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = xe
x
2
dx, v =
1
2
e
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
e
x
2
_
xe
x
2
dx =
1
2
x
2
e
x
2
1
2
e
x
2
+C
18.
_
x
5
e
2x
3
dx u = x
3
, du = 3x
2
dx; dv = x
2
e
2x
3
dx, v =
1
6
e
2x
3
=
1
6
x
3
e
2x
3
_
1
2
x
2
e
2x
3
dx =
1
6
x
3
e
2x
3
1
12
e
2x
3
+C
19.
_
t cos 8t dt u = t, du = dt; dv = cos 8t dt, v =
1
8
sin8t
=
1
8
t sin8t
_
1
8
sin8t dt =
1
8
t sin8t +
1
64
cos 8t +C
20.
_
xsinhxdx u = x, du = dx; dv = sinhxdx, v = coshx
= xcoshx
_
coshxdx = xcoshx sinhx +C
21.
_
x
2
sinxdx u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= x
2
cos x +
_
2xcos xdx u = 2x, du = 2 dx; dv = cos xdx, v = sinx
= x
2
cos x + 2xsinx
_
2 sinxdx = x
2
cos x + 2xsinx + 2 cos x +C
22.
_
x
2
cos
x
2
dx u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = cos
x
2
dx, v = 2 sin
x
2
= 2x
2
sin
x
2
4
_
xsin
x
2
dx
u = x, du = dx; dv = sin
x
2
dx, v = 2 cos
x
2
= 2x
2
sin
x
2
4
_
2xcos
x
2
+ 2
_
cos
x
2
dx
_
= 2x
2
sin
x
2
4
_
2xcos
x
2
+ 4 sin
x
2
_
+C
= 2x
2
sin
x
2
+ 8xcos
x
2
16 sin
x
2
+C
23.
_
x
3
cos 3xdx u = x
3
, du = 3x
2
dx; dv = cos 3xdx, v =
1
3
sin3x
=
1
3
x
3
sin3x
_
x
2
sin3xdx
u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = sin3xdx, v =
1
3
cos 3x
=
1
3
x
3
sin3x
_
1
3
x
2
cos 3x +
2
3
_
xcos 3xdx
_
u = x, du = dx; dv = cos 3xdx, v =
1
3
sin3x
=
1
3
x
3
sin3x +
1
3
x
2
cos 3x
2
3
_
1
3
xsin3x
1
3
_
sin3xdx
_
=
1
3
x
3
sin3x +
1
3
x
2
cos 3x
2
9
xsin3x
2
27
cos 3x +C
24.
_
x
4
sin2xdx u = x
4
, du = 4x
3
dx; dv = sin2xdx, v =
1
2
cos 2x
=
1
2
x
4
cos 2x + 2
_
x
3
cos 2xdx
u = x
3
, du = 3x
2
1
2
sin2x
=
1
2
x
4
cos 2x + 2
_
1
2
x
3
sin2x
3
2
_
x
2
sin2xdx
_
u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = sin2xdx, v =
1
2
cos 2x
=
1
2
x
4
cos 2x +x
3
sin2x 3
_
1
2
x
2
cos 2x +
_
xcos 2xdx
_
1
2
sin2x
=
1
2
x
4
cos 2x +x
3
sin2x +
3
2
x
2
cos 2x 3
_
1
2
xsin2x
1
2
_
sin2xdx
_
=
1
2
x
4
cos 2x +x
3
sin2x +
3
2
x
2
cos 2x
3
2
xsin2x
3
4
cos 2x +C
25.
_
e
x
sin4xdx u = sin4x, du = 4 cos 4xdx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= e
x
sin4x
_
4e
x
cos 4xdx
u = cos 4x, du = 4 sin4xdx; dv = 4e
x
dx, v = 4e
x
= e
x
sin4x
_
4e
x
cos 4x + 16
_
e
x
sin4xdx
_
Solving for the integral, we have 17
_
e
x
sin4xdx = e
x
sin4x 4e
x
cos 4x +C or
_
e
x
sin4xdx =
e
x
17
(sin4x 4 cos 4x) +C.
26.
_
e
x
cos 5xdx u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
5
sin5x
=
1
5
e
x
sin5x
_

1
5
e
x
sin5xdx =
1
5
e
x
sin5x +
1
5
_
e
x
sin5xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
5
cos 5x
=
1
5
e
x
sin5x +
1
5
_
1
5
e
x
cos 5x
1
5
_
e
x
cos 5xdx
_
=
1
5
e
x
sin5x
1
25
e
x
cos 5x
1
25
_
e
x
cos 5xdx
Solving for the integral, we have
26
25
_
e
x
cos 5xdx =
1
5
e
x
sin5x
1
25
e
x
cos 5x +C or
_
e
x
cos 5xdx =
5 sin5x cos 5x
26e
x
+C.
27.
_
e
2
cos d u = e
2
, du = 2e
2
d; dv = cos d, v = sin
= e
2
sin
_
2e
2
sin d
u = e
2
, du = 2e
2
d; dv = sin d, v = cos
= e
2
sin + 2
_
e
2
cos
_
2e
2
cos d
_
= e
2
sin 2e
2
cos 4
_
e
2
cos d
_
e
2
cos d =
sin 2 cos
5e
2
+C.
28.
_
e
x
sinxdx u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx; dv = sinxdx, v =
1
cos x
=
1
e
x
cos x
_

e
x
cos xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx; dv = cos xdx, v =
1
sinx
=
1
e
x
cos x +

_
1
e
x
sinx
_

e
x
sinxdx
_
=

2
e
x
sinx
1
e
x
cos x

2
2
_
e
x
sinxdx
_
e
x
sinxdx =
e
x
(sinx cos x)
2
+
2
+C.
29.
_
sec tan d u = , du = d; dv = sec tan d, v = sec
= sec
_
sec d = sec ln| sec + tan| +C
30.
_
e
2t
cos e
t
dt u = e
t
, du = e
t
dt; dv = e
t
cos e
t
dt, v = sine
t
= e
t
sine
t
_
e
t
sine
t
dt = e
t
sine
t
+ cos e
t
+C
31.
_
sinxcos 2xdx u = cos 2x, du = 2 sin2xdx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= cos xcos 2x
_
2 cos xsin2xdx
u = 2 sin2x, du = 4 cos 2xdx; dv = cos xdx, v = sinx
= cos xcos 2x
_
2 sinxsin2x 4
_
sinxcos 2xdx
_
_
sinxcos 2xdx =
1
3
cos xcos 2x +
2
3
sinxsin2x +C.
32.
_
coshxcosh2xdx u = cosh2x, du = 2 sinh2xdx; dv = coshxdx, v = sinhx
= sinhxcosh2x
_
2 sinhxsinh2xdx
u = 2 sinh2x, du = 4 cosh2xdx; dv = sinhxdx, v = coshx
= sinhxcosh2x
_
2 sinh2xcoshx 4
_
coshxcosh2xdx
_
_
coshxcosh2xdx =
2
3
sinh2xcoshx
1
3
sinhxcosh2x +C.
33.
_
x
3
_
x
2
+ 4 dx u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = x
_
x
2
+ 4 dx, v =
1
3
(x
2
+ 4)
3/2
=
1
3
x
2
(x
2
+ 4)
3/2
2
3
_
x(x
2
+ 4)
3/2
dx
=
1
3
x
2
(x
2
+ 4)
3/2
2
15
(x
2
+ 4)
5/2
+C
34.
_
t
5
(t
3
+ 1)
2
dx u = t
3
, du = 3t
2
dt; dv = t
2
(t
3
+ 1)
2
dt, v =
1
3
(t
3
+ 1)
1
=
1
3
t
3
(t
3
+ 1)
1
+
_
t
2
(t
3
+ 1)
1
dt =
1
3
t
3
(t
3
+ 1)
1
+
1
3
ln|t
3
+ 1| +C
35.
_
sin(lnx) dx u = sin(lnx), du =
1
x
cos(lnx) dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xsin(lnx)
_
cos(lnx) dx
u = cos(lnx), du =
1
x
sin(lnx) dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xsin(lnx)
_
xcos(lnx) +
_
sin(lnx) dx
_
_
sin(lnx) dx =
1
2
xsin(lnx)
1
2
xcos(lnx) +C.
36.
_
cos ln(sinx) dx u = ln(sinx), du =
cos x
sinx
dx; dv = cos xdx, v = sinx
= sinxln(sinx)
_
cos xdx = sinxln(sinx) sinx +C
37.
_
csc
3
xdx u = csc x, du = csc xcot xdx; dv = csc
2
xdx, v = cot x
= csc xcot x
_
csc xcot
2
xdx = csc xcot x
_
csc x(csc
2
x 1) dx
= csc xcot x
_
csc
3
xdx +
_
csc xdx
= csc xcot x
_
csc
3
xdx + ln| csc x cot x|
_
csc
3
xdx =
1
2
csc xcot x +
1
2
ln| csc x cot x| +C.
38.
_
xsec
1
xdx u = sec
1
x, du =
1
x
x
2
1
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
_
1
2
_
x
2
x
x
2
1
_
dx =
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
1
2
_
x(x
2
1)
1/2
dx
=
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
1
4
_
(x
2
1)
1/2
(2xdx) t = x
2
1, dt = 2xdx
=
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
1
4
_
t
1/2
dt =
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
1
4
(2t
1/2
) +C
=
1
2
x
2
sec
1
x
1
2
_
x
2
1 +C =
1
2
(x
2
sec
1
x
_
x
2
1) +C
39.
_
xsec
2
xdx u = x, du = dx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= xtanx
_
tanxdx = xtanx ln| sec x| +C
40.
_
xtan
2
xdx =
_
x(sec
2
x 1) dx =
_
xsec
2
xdx
_
xdx
u = x, du = dx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= xtanx
_
tanxdx
1
2
x
2
= xtanx ln| sec x|
1
2
x
2
+C
41.
_
2
0
xln(x + 1) dx u = ln(x + 1), du =
1
x + 1
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
ln(x + 1)
_
2
0
_
2
0
1
2
_
x
2
x + 1
_
dx
=
1
2
(4 ln3 0)
1
2
_
2
0
_
x 1 +
1
x + 1
_
dx
= 2 ln3
1
2
_
1
2
x
2
x + ln(x + 1)
_
2
0
= 2 ln3
1
2
(ln3 0) =
3
2
ln3
42.
_
1
0
ln(x
2
+ 1) dx u = ln(x
2
+ 1), du =
2x
x
2
+ 1
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln(x
2
+ 1)
1
0
_
1
0
2x
2
x
2
+ 1
dx = (ln2 0) 2
_
1
0
_
1
1
x
2
+ 1
_
dx
= ln2 2
_
x tan
1
x
_
1
0
= ln2 2
__
1

4
_
(0 0)
_
=

2
+ ln2 2
43.
_
4
2
xe
x/2
x/2
dx, v = 2e
x/2
= 2xe
x/2
_
4
2
_
4
2
(2e
x/2
) dx = 2(4e
2
2e
1
) 4e
x/2
_
4
2
=
4
e

8
e
2
4(e
2
e
1
) =
8
e

12
e
2
=
8e 12
e
2
44.
_

e
x
cos xdx u = cos x, du = sinxdx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= e
x
cos x]
+
_

e
x
sinxdx
u = sinx, du = cos xdx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= [e
(e
)] + e
x
sinx]
e
x
cos xdx
= e
+ (0 0)
_

e
x
cos xdx
_

e
x
cos xdx =
1
2
(e
).
45.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx u = tan
1
x, du =
1
1 +x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xtan
1
x
1
0
_
1
0
x
1 +x
2
dx =
_
4
0
_
1
2
ln(1 +x
2
)
_
1
0
=

4

1
2
(ln2 0) =

4

1
2
ln2
46.
_

2/2
0
cos
1
xdx u = cos
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xcos
1
x
2/2
0

_

2/2
0
1 x
2
dx
=
_
2
8
0
_
1
2
_

2/2
0
(1 x
2
)
1/2
(2xdx)
t = 1 x
2
, dt = 2xdx;
_
t
1/2
dt = 2t
1/2
= 2
t = 2
_
1 x
2
=
2
8

1
2
_
2
_
1 x
2
_
_
2/2
0
=
2
8

_
_
1
2

1
_
=
2
8

2
2
+ 1
3
2
1/e
47. A =
_
3
e
1
(1 + lnx) dx u = 1 + lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= (x +xlnx)]
3
e
1
_
3
e
1
dx = (3 + 3 ln3) (e
1
e
1
) x]
3
e
1
= 3 + 3 ln3
_
3
1
e
_
= 3 ln3 +
1
e
-1 1
48. A =
_
0
1
tan
1
xdx +
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx
u = tan
1
x, du =
1
1 +x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
=
_
xtan
1
x
0
1
_
0
1
x
1 +x
2
dx
_
+ xtan
1
x
1
0
_
1
0
x
1 +x
2
dx
=
_
_
0

4
_
1
2
ln(1 +x
2
)
_
0
1
_
+
_
_
4
0
_
1
2
ln(1 +x
2
)
_
1
0
_
=

4
+
1
2
(0 ln2) +

4

1
2
(ln2 0) =

2
ln2
5
1
2
49. V =
_
5
1
(lnx)
2
dx u = (lnx)
2
, du =
2 lnx
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(lnx)
2
5
1
_
5
1
2 lnxdx
u = 2 lnx, du =
2
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= [5(ln5)
2
0]
_
2xlnx]
5
1
_
5
1
2 dx
_
= 5(ln5)
2
_
(10 ln5 0) 2x]
5
1
_
= 5(ln5)
2
10 ln5 + 8
1
2
3
ln 3
50. V = 2
_
ln 3
0
x(3 e
x
) dx = 6
_
ln 3
0
xdx 2
_
ln 3
0
xe
x
dx
u = x, du = dx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= 3x
2
ln 3
0
2
_
xe
x
]
ln 3
0

_
ln 3
0
e
x
dx
_
= 3(ln3)
2
2
_
(3 ln3 0) e
x
]
ln 3
0
_
= 3(ln3)
2
6 ln3 + 4
!
1
51. V = 2
_

0
xsinxdx u = x, du = dx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= 2
_
xcos x]
0
+
_

0
cos xdx
_
= 2 [( 0) + sinx]
0
] = 2
2
52. y
=
1
cos x
(sinx) =
sinx
cos x
= tanx
s =
_
/4
0
_
1 + tan
2
xdx =
_
/4
0
_
1 + (sec
2
x 1) dx =
_
/4
0
sec
2
xdx =
_
/4
0
| sec x| dx
On [0, /4], sec x > 0, so we have
s =
_
/4
0
sec xdx = ln|sec x + tanx| ]
/4
0
= ln|
2 + 1| ln|1 + 0| = ln(1 +
2).
53. f
ave
=
1
2 0
_
2
0
tan
1
x
2
dx u = tan
1
x
2
, du =
2
4 +x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
=
1
2
_
xtan
1
x
2
_
2
0
_
2
0
2x
4 +x
2
dx
_
=
1
2
_
2
_
4
_
ln(4 +x
2
)
_
2
0
_
=
1
2
_
2
(ln8 ln4)
_
=

4

1
2
ln2
54. s(t) =
_
e
t
sint dt u = e
t
, du = e
t
dt; dv = sint dt, v = cos t
= e
t
cos t
_
e
t
cos t dt u = e
t
, du = e
t
dt; dv = cos t dt, v = sint
= e
t
cos t
_
e
t
sint +
_
e
t
sint dt
_
Solving for the integral, we have s(t) =
_
e
t
sint dt =
1
2
e
t
cos t
1
2
e
t
sint +C. Now
0 = s(0) =
1
2
+C, so C =
1
2
and s(t) =
1
2
(1 e
t
cos t e
t
sint).
55. v(t) =
_
te
t
dt u = t, du = dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= te
t
+
_
e
t
dt = te
t
e
t
+C.
Now 1 = v(0) = 1 +C, so C = 2 and v(t) = te
t
e
t
+ 2.
s(t) =
_
(te
t
e
t
+ 2) dt =
_
te
t
dt +e
t
+ 2t = (te
t
e
t
) +e
t
+ 2t +C
= te
t
+ 2e
t
+ 2t +C.
Now 1 = s(0) = 2 +C, so C = 3 and s(t) = te
t
+ 2e
t
+ 2t 3.
y
x
1
1
y
1/2
56. W = 62.4
_
1
1/2
xsin
2
xdx = 62.4
_
1
1/2
x
2
(1 cos 2x) dx
= 31.2
_
1
1/2
xdx 31.2
_
1
1/2
xcos 2xdx
1
2
sin2x
= 15.6x
2
1
1/2
31.2
_
1
2
xsin2x
_
1
1/2
_
1
1/2
1
2
sin2x
_
= 15.6
_
1
1
4
_
31.2
_
0 +
1
4
2
cos 2x
_
1
1/2
_
= 11.7
7.8
(1 + 1) = 11.7
15.6
31.7910 ft-lb
57. Using symmetry,
F = 2
_
62.4
_
2
0
xcos
x
4
dx
_
u = x, du = dx; dv = cos
x
4
dx, v =
4
sin
x
4
= 124.8
_
4x
sin
x
4
_
2
0
_
2
0
sin
x
4
dx
_
= 124.8
_
8
+
16
2
cos
x
4
_
2
0
_
= 124.8
_
8

16
2
_
115.4825 lb
!
-1
1
2
58. A =
_
/2
0
sinxdx = cos x]
/2
0
= (0 1) = 1
M
y
=
_
/2
0
xsinxdx u = x, du = dx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= xcos x]
/2
0
+
_
/2
0
cos xdx = (0 0) + sinx]
/2
0
= 1
M
x
=
1
2
_
/2
0
sin
2
xdx =
1
4
_
/2
0
(1 cos 2x) dx =
1
4
_
x
1
2
sin2x
__
/2
0
=
1
4
_
2
_
=

8
x =
1
1
= 1, y =
/8
1
=

8
59.
_
4
1
tan
1
x
dx t =
x, dt =
1
2
x
dx
= 2
_
2
1
tan
1
t dt u = tan
1
t, du =
1
1 +t
2
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= 2
_
t tan
1
t
2
1
_
2
1
t
1 +t
2
dt
_
= 2
_
_
2 tan
1
2

4
_
1
2
ln(1 +t
2
)
_
2
1
_
= 4 tan
1
2

2
(ln5 ln2) = 4 tan
1
2

2
ln
5
2
60.
_
xe
x
dx t =
x, x = t
2
, dx = 2t dt
=
_
t
2
e
t
(2t dt) = 2
_
t
3
e
t
dt u = t
3
, du = 3t
2
dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= 2
_
t
3
e
t
_
3t
2
e
t
dt
_
u = t
2
, du = 2t dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= 2t
3
e
t
6
_
t
2
e
t
_
2te
t
dt
_
u = t, du = dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= 2t
3
e
t
6t
2
e
t
+ 12
_
te
t
_
e
t
dt
_
= 2t
3
e
t
6t
2
e
t
+ 12te
t
12e
t
+C
= 2x
3/2
e
x
6xe
x
+ 12
xe
x
12e
x
+C
61.
_
sin
x + 2 dx t =
x + 2, x = t
2
2, dx = 2t dt
=
_
(sint)2t dt u = 2t, du = 2 dt; dv = sint dt, v = cos t
= 2t cos t +
_
2 cos t dt = 2t cos t + 2 sint +C
= 2
x + 2 cos
x + 2 + 2 sin
x + 2 +C
62.
_

2
0
cos
t dt x =
t, t = x
2
, dt = 2xdx
=
_

0
cos x(2xdx) = 2
_

0
xcos xdx
u = x, du = dx; dv = cos xdx, v = sinx
= 2
_
xsinx]
0

_

0
sinxdx
_
= 2 cos x]
0
= 2(1 1) = 4
63.
_
(lnx)
n
dx u = (lnx)
n
, du =
n(lnx)
n1
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(lnx)
n
n
_
(lnx)
n1
dx
64.
_
sin
n
xdx u = sin
n1
x, du = (n 1) sin
n2
xcos xdx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= sin
n1
xcos x +
_
(n 1) cos
2
xsin
n2
xdx
= sin
n1
xcos x + (n 1)
_
(1 sin
2
x) sin
n2
xdx
= sin
n1
xcos x + (n 1)
_
sin
n2
xdx (n 1)
_
sin
n
xdx
Solving for the integral
_
sin
n
xdx, we have
_
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
_
sin
n2
xdx.
65.
_
cos
n
xdx u = cos
n1
x, du = (n 1) cos
n2
xsinxdx; dv = cos xdx, v = sinx
= cos
n1
xsinx +
_
(n 1) sin
2
xcos
n2
xdx
= cos
n1
xsinx + (n 1)
_
(1 cos
2
x) cos
n2
xdx
= cos
n1
xsinx + (n 1)
_
cos
n2
xdx (n 1)
_
cos
n
xdx
_
cos
n
xdx, we have
_
cos
n
xdx =
cos
n1
xsinx
n
+
n 1
n
_
cos
n2
xdx.
66.
_
sec
n
xdx u = sec
n2
x, du = (n 2) sec
n2
xtanxdx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= sec
n2
xtanx (n 2)
_
sec
n2
xtan
2
xdx
= sec
n2
xtanx (n 2)
_
sec
n2
x(sec
2
x 1) dx
= sec
n2
xtanx (n 2)
_
sec
n
xdx + (n 2)
_
sec
n2
xdx
Solving for
_
sec
n
xdx, we have
_
sec
n
xdx =
sec
n2
xtanx
n 1
+
n 2
n 1
_
sec
n2
xdx, n = 1.
67. Using
_
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
_
sin
n2
xdx with n = 3,
_
sin
3
xdx =
sin
2
xcos x
3
+
2
3
_
sinxdx =
sin
2
xcos x
3

2
3
cos x +C.
68. Using
_
sec
n
xdx =
sec
n2
xtanx
n 1
+
n 2
n 1
_
sec
n2
xdx with n = 4,
_
sec
4
xdx =
sec
2
xtanx
3
+
2
3
_
sec
2
xdx =
sec
2
xtanx
3
+
2
3
tanx +C.
69. Using
_
cos
n
xdx =
cos
n1
xsinx
n
+
n 1
n
_
cos
n2
xdx with n = 3,
_
cos
3
10xdx u = 10x, du = 10 dx
=
1
10
_
cos
3
udu =
cos
2
usinu
10 3
+
2
10 3
_
cos udu
=
cos
2
usinu
30
+
1
15
sinu +C =
cos
2
10xsin10x
30
+
1
15
sin10x +C.
70. Using
_
cos
n
xdx =
cos
n1
xsinx
n
+
n 1
n
_
cos
n2
xdx with n = 4,
_
cos
4
xdx =
cos
3
xsinx
4
+
3
4
_
cos
2
xdx =
cos
3
xsinx
4
+
3
4
_
cos xsinx
2
+
1
2
_
cos
0
xdx
_
=
cos
3
xsinx
4
+
3
8
_
cos xsinx +
_
dx
_
=
cos
3
xsinx
4
+
3
8
(cos xsinx +x) +C.
71. Using
_
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
_
sin
n2
xdx, we have
_
/2
0
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
_
/2
0
+
n 1
n
_
/2
0
sin
n2
xdx
=
_
sin
n1
(/2) cos(/2)
n

sin
n1
0 cos 0
n
_
+
n 1
n
_
/2
0
sin
n2
xdx
= (0 0) +
n 1
n
_
/2
0
sin
n2
xdx =
n 1
n
_
/2
0
sin
n2
xdx.
72. Repeated use of
_
/2
0
sin
n
xdx =
n 1
n
_
/2
0
sin
n2
xdx yields
_
/2
0
sin
n
xdx =
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

k + 3
k + 4

k + 1
k + 2
_
/2
0
sin
k
xdx,
where k = 0 when n is even and n 2, and k = 1 when n is odd and n 3. Thus, we get,
respectively:
(a)
_
/2
0
sin
n
xdx =
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

3
4

1
2
_
/2
0
sin
0
xdx
=
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

3
4

1
2
_
/2
0
dx
=
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

3
4

1
2
_
2
0
_
=

2

1 3 5 (n 1)
2 4 6 n
.
(b)
_
/2
0
sin
n
xdx =
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

4
5

2
3
_
/2
0
sin
1
xdx
=
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

4
5

2
3
(cos x)]
/2
0
=
n 1
n

n 3
n 2

4
5

2
3
[0 (1)] =
2 4 6 (n 1)
3 5 7 n
.
73.
_
/2
0
sin
8
xdx =

2

1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8
=
105
768
=
35
256
74.
_
/2
0
sin
5
xdx =
2 4
3 5
=
8
15
75.
_
e
2x
tan
1
e
x
dx u = tan
1
e
x
, du =
e
x
1 +e
2x
dx; dv = e
2x
dx, v =
1
2
e
2x
=
1
2
e
2x
tan
1
e
x
_
1
2
_
e
3x
1 +e
2x
_
dx t = e
x
, dt = e
x
dx
=
1
2
e
2x
tan
1
e
x
1
2
_
t
2
1 +t
2
dt =
1
2
e
2x
tan
1
e
x
1
2
_ _
1
1
1 +t
2
_
dt
=
1
2
e
2x
tan
1
e
x
1
2
t +
1
2
tan
1
t +C =
1
2
(e
2x
+ 1) tan
1
e
x
1
2
e
x
+C
76.
_
(sin
1
x)
2
dx u = (sin
1
x)
2
, du =
2 sin
1
x
1 x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(sin
1
x)
2
_
2xsin
1
x
1 x
2
dx
u = sin
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx; dv =
2x
1 x
2
dx, v = 2
_
1 x
2
= x(sin
1
x)
2
_
2
_
1 x
2
sin
1
x
_
2 dx
_
= x(sin
1
x)
2
+ 2
_
1 x
2
sin
1
x 2x +C
77.
_
xe
x
(x + 1)
2
dx u = xe
x
, du = (x + 1)e
x
dx; dv =
1
(x + 1)
2
dx, v =
1
x + 1
=
x
x + 1
e
x
+
_
e
x
dx =
_
1
x
x + 1
_
e
x
+C =
1
x + 1
e
x
+C =
e
x
x + 1
+C
78.
_
x
2
e
x
(x + 2)
2
dx u = x
2
e
x
, du = x(x + 2)e
x
dx; dv =
1
(x + 2)
2
dx, v =
1
x + 2
=
1
x + 2
x
2
e
x
+
_
xe
x
x
dx, v = e
x
=
x
2
x + 2
e
x
+xe
x
_
e
x
dx =
_
x 1
x
2
x + 2
_
e
x
+C =
x 2
x + 2
e
x
+C
79. We rst compute
_
e
x
sinxdx:
_
e
x
sinxdx u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= e
x
cos x +
_
e
x
cos xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
= e
x
cos x +e
x
sinx
_
e
x
sinxdx.
_
e
x
sinxdx =
1
2
e
x
(sinx cos x). Similarly,
_
e
x
cos xdx =
1
2
e
x
(sinx + cos x). Then
_
xe
x
sinxdx u = x, du = dx; dv = e
x
sinxdx, v =
1
2
e
x
(sinx cos x)
=
1
2
xe
x
(sinx cos x)
1
2
_
(e
x
sinx e
x
cos x) dx
=
1
2
xe
x
(sinx cos x)
1
2
_
1
2
e
x
(sinx cos x)
1
2
e
x
(sinx + cos x)
_
+C
=
1
2
xe
x
sinx
1
2
xe
x
cos x +
1
2
e
x
cos x +C.
80. We rst compute
_
e
x
cos 2xdx:
_
e
x
cos 2xdx u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
2
sin2x
=
1
2
e
x
sin2x +
1
2
_
e
x
sin2xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
2
cos 2x
=
1
2
e
x
sin2x +
1
2
_
1
2
e
x
cos 2x
1
2
_
e
x
cos 2xdx
_
.
_
e
x
cos 2xdx =
1
5
e
x
(2 sin2x cos 2x). Similarly,
_
e
x
sin2xdx =
1
5
e
x
(sin2x + 2 cos 2x). Then
_
xe
x
cos 2xdx u = x, du = dx; dv = e
x
cos 2xdx, v =
1
5
e
x
(2 sin2x cos 2x)
=
1
5
xe
x
(2 sin2x cos 2x)
1
5
_
(2e
x
sin2x e
x
cos 2x) dx
=
1
5
xe
x
(2 sin2x cos 2x)
2
5
_
1
5
e
x
(sin2x + 2 cos 2x)
_
+
1
5
_
1
5
e
x
(2 sin2x + cos 2x)
_
+C
=
2
5
xe
x
sin2x
1
5
xe
x
cos 2x +
4
25
e
x
sin2x +
3
25
e
x
cos 2x +C.
81.
_
ln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
dx
u = ln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
, du =
1 +x/
x
2
+ 1
x +
x
2
+ 1
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
_
1
x +
x
2
+ 1
_
1 +
x
x
2
+ 1
_
xdx
= xln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
_
x
x
2
+ 1
x
2
(x
2
+ 1)
_
x
2
+ 1 +x
x
2
+ 1
_
xdx
= xln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
_
_
_
x
2
+ 1 x
__
_
x
2
+ 1 +x
_
_
x
x
2
+ 1
_
dx
= xln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
_
x
x
2
+ 1
dx
= xln
_
x +
_
x
2
+ 1
_
_
x
2
+ 1 +C
82.
_
e
sin
1
x
dx u = e
sin
1
x
, du =
e
sin
1
x
1 x
2
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xe
sin
1
x
_
xe
sin
1
x
1 x
2
dx
u = e
sin
1
x
, du =
e
sin
1
x
1 x
2
dx; dv =
x
1 x
2
dx, v =
_
1 x
2
= xe
sin
1
x
_
e
sin
1
x
_
1 x
2
_
e
sin
1
x
dx
_
= xe
sin
1
x
+e
sin
1
x
_
1 x
2
_
e
sin
1
x
dx
_
e
sin
1
x
dx =
e
sin
1
x
2
(x +
_
1 x
2
) +C.
! 2!
3
83. (a) Graph shown at right.
(b) We use the reduction formula
_
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
_
sin
n2
xdx
with n = 4 and n = 2.
A =
_
2
0
(3 + sin
2
x 5 sin
4
x) dx
= 3x]
2
0
+ 2
_
2
0
sin
2
xdx 5
_
sin
3
xcos x
4
_
2
0
+
3
4
_
2
0
sin
2
xdx
_
= 6 + 5
_
0
4
+
0
4
_
7
4
_
2
0
sin
2
xdx = 6
7
4
_
sinxcos x
2
_
2
0
+
1
2
_
2
0
dx
_
= 6
7
8
x
_
2
0
=
17
4
.
!
-3
3
7.4. POWERS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 431
83. (a) TODO gure
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
sin
n2
xdx with
n = 4 and n = 2.
A =
2
0
(3 + sin
2
x 5 sin
4
x) dx
= 3x]
2
0
+ 2
2
0
sin
2
xdx 5
sin
3
xcos x
4
2
0
+
3
4
2
0
sin
2
xdx
= 6 + 5
0
4
+
0
4
7
4
2
0
sin
2
xdx = 6
7
4
sinxcos x
2
2
0
+
1
2
2
0
dx
= 6
7
8
x
2
0
=
17
4
.
84. (a) TODO gure
(b) For x > 0, the rst and second points of intersection of y = xsinx and y = xcos x are
x1 = /4 and x2 = 5/4.
A =
5/4
/4
(xsinx xcos x) dx =
5/4
/4
x(sinx cos x) dx
u = x, du = dx; dv = (sinx cos x) dx, v = cos x sinx
= x(cos x + sinx)]
5/4
/4

5/4
/4
(cos x + sinx) dx
=
5
4
2
2

2
2
+

4
2
2
+
2
2
+ (sinx cos x)]

5/4
/4
=
3
2
2
+
2
2
+
2
2
2
2

2
2
=
3
2
2
7.4 Powers of Trigonometric Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
83. (a) TODO gure
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n1
xcos x
n
+
n 1
n
sin
n2
xdx with
n = 4 and n = 2.
A =
2
0
(3 + sin
2
x 5 sin
4
x) dx
= 3x]
2
0
+ 2
2
0
sin
2
xdx 5
sin
3
xcos x
4
2
0
+
3
4
2
0
sin
2
xdx
= 6 + 5
0
4
+
0
4
7
4
2
0
sin
2
xdx = 6
7
4
sinxcos x
2
2
0
+
1
2
2
0
dx
= 6
7
8
x
2
0
=
17
4
.
84. (a) TODO gure
(b) For x > 0, the rst and second points of intersection of y = xsinx and y = xcos x are
x1 = /4 and x2 = 5/4.
A =
5/4
/4
(xsinx xcos x) dx =
5/4
/4
x(sinx cos x) dx
= x(cos x + sinx)]
5/4
/4

5/4
/4
(cos x + sinx) dx
=
5
4
2
2

2
2
+

4
2
2
+
2
2
+ (sinx cos x)]

5/4
/4
=
3
2
2
+
2
2
+
2
2
2
2

2
2
=
3
2
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
84. (a) Graph shown at right.
(b) For x > 0, the rst and second points of intersection of y = xsinx
and y = xcos x are x
1
= /4 and x
2
= 5/4.
A =
_
5/4
/4
(xsinx xcos x) dx =
_
5/4
/4
x(sinx cos x) dx
= x(cos x + sinx)]
5/4
/4

_
5/4
/4
(cos x + sinx) dx
=
_
5
4
_
2
2

2
2
_
+

4
_
2
2
+
2
2
__
+ (sinx cos x)]
5/4
/4
=
3
2
2
+
__
2
2
+
2
2
_
2
2

2
2
__
=
3
2
2
1.
_
sin
1/2
xcos xdx u = sinx, du = cos xdx
=
_
u
1/2
du =
2
3
u
3/2
+C =
2
3
(sinx)
3/2
+C
2.
_
cos
4
5xsin5xdx u = cos 5x, du = 5 sin5xdx
=
_
u
4
_
1
5
du
_
=
1
25
u
5
+C =
1
25
cos
5
5x +C
3.
_
cos
3
xdx =
_
cos
2
xcos xdx =
_
(1 sin
2
x) cos xdx =
_
cos xdx
_
sin
2
x(cos xdx)
= sinx
1
3
sin
3
x +C
4.
_
sin
3
4xdx =
_
sin
2
4xsin4xdx =
_
(1 cos
2
4x) sin4xdx
=
_
sin4xdx +
1
4
_
cos
2
4x(4 sin4xdx) =
1
12
cos
3
4x
1
4
cos 4x +C
5.
_
sin
5
t dt =
_
sin
4
t sint dt =
_
(1 cos
2
t)
2
sint dt =
_
(1 2 cos
2
t + cos
4
t) sint dt
=
_
sint dt + 2
_
cos
2
t(sint dt)
_
cos
4
t(sint dt)
= cos t +
2
3
cos
3
t
1
5
cos
5
t +C
6.
_
cos
5
t dt =
_
cos
4
t cos t dt =
_
(1 sin
2
t)
2
cos t dt =
_
(1 2 sin
2
t + sin
4
t) cos t dt
=
_
cos t dt 2
_
sin
2
t(cos t dt) +
_
sin
4
t(cos t dt)
= sint
2
3
sin
3
t +
1
5
sin
5
t +C
7.
_
sin
3
xcos
3
xdx =
_
cos
2
xsin
3
xcos xdx =
_
(1 sin
2
x) sin
3
xcos xdx
=
_
sin
3
x(cos xdx)
_
sin
5
x(cos xdx) =
1
4
sin
4
x
1
6
sin
6
x +C
8.
_
sin
5
2xcos
2
2xdx =
_
sin
4
2xcos
2
2xsin2xdx =
_
(1 cos
2
2x)
2
cos
2
2xsin2xdx
=
_
(1 2 cos
2
2x + cos
4
2x) cos
2
2xsin2xdx
9.
_
sin
4
t dt =
_
(sin
2
t)
2
dt =
_ _
1 cos 2t
2
_
2
dt =
1
4
_
(1 2 cos 2t + cos
2
2t) dt
=
1
4
_ _
1 2 cos 2t +
1 + cos 4t
2
_
dt =
1
4
_ _
3
2
2 cos 2t +
1
2
cos 4t
_
dt
=
3
8
t
1
4
sin2t +
1
32
sin4t +C
10.
_
cos
6
d =
_
(cos
2
)
3
d =
_ _
1 + cos 2
2
_
3
d
=
1
8
_
(1 + 3 cos 2 + 3 cos
2
2 + cos
3
2) d
=
1
8
_ _
1 + 3 cos 2 + 3
_
1 + cos 4
2
_
+ (1 sin
2
2) cos 2
_
d
=
1
8
_ _
5
2
+ 4 cos 2 +
3
2
cos 4 sin
2
2 cos 2
_
d
=
5
16
+
1
4
sin2 +
3
64
sin4
1
6
sin
3
2 +C
11.
_
sin
2
xcos
4
xdx =
_
(1 cos
2
x) cos
4
xdx =
_
(cos
4
x cos
6
x) dx
=
_
_
_
1 + cos 2x
2
_
2
_
1 + cos 2x
2
_
3
_
dx
=
1
8
_
[2(1 + 2 cos 2x + cos
2
2x) (1 + 3 cos 2x + 3 cos
2
2x + cos
3
2x)] dx
=
1
8
_
(1 + cos 2x + cos
2
2x cos
3
2x) dx
=
1
8
_ _
1 + cos 2x
1 + cos 4x
2
(1 sin
2
2x) cos 2x
_
dx
=
1
8
_ _
1
2

1
2
cos 4x + sin
2
2xcos 2x
_
dx
=
1
16
x
1
64
sin4x +
1
48
sin
3
2x +C
12.
_
cos
3
x
sin
2
x
dx =
_
cos
2
x
sin
2
x
cos xdx =
_
1 sin
2
x
sin
2
x
cos xdx =
_
(sinx)
2
(cos xdx)
_
cos xdx
=
1
sinx
sinx +C = csc x sinx +C
13.
_
sin
4
xcos
4
xdx =
1
16
_
sin
4
2xdx =
1
16
_ _
1 cos 4x
2
_
2
dx
=
1
64
_
(1 2 cos 4x + cos
2
4x) dx =
1
64
_ _
1 2 cos 4x +
1 + cos 8x
2
_
dx
=
1
64
_ _
3
2
2 cos 4x +
1
2
cos 8x
_
dx
=
3
128
x
1
128
sin4x +
1
1024
sin8x +C
14.
_
sin
2
3xcos
2
3xdx =
_ _
1
2
sin6x
_
2
dx =
1
4
_
sin
2
6xdx =
1
4
_
1 cos 12x
2
dx
=
1
8
_
dx
1
8
_
cos 12xdx =
1
8
x
1
96
sin12x +C
15.
_
tan
3
2t sec
4
2t dt =
_
tan
3
2t sec
2
2t sec
2
2t dt =
_
tan
3
2t(1 + tan
2
2t) sec
2
2t dt
=
1
2
_
tan
3
2t(2 sec
2
2t dt) +
1
2
_
tan
5
2t(2 sec
2
2t dt)
=
1
8
tan
4
2t +
1
12
tan
6
2t +C
16.
_
(2
tanx)
2
sec
2
xdx =
_
4 sec
2
xdx
_
4(tanx)
1/2
sec
2
xdx +
_
tanxsec
2
xdx
= 4 tanx
8
3
(tanx)
3/2
+
1
2
tan
2
x +C
17.
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx =
_
(sec
2
x 1) sec
3
xdx = sec
5
xdx
_
sec
3
xdx
u = sec
3
x, du = 3 sec
2
xsec xtanxdx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= tanxsec
3
x 3
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx
_
sec
3
xdx
From Example 5 of Section 7.3,
_
sec
3
xdx =
1
2
sec xtanx +
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx| +C, so
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx = tanxsec
3
x 3
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx
1
2
sec xtanx
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx|.
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx =
1
4
tanxsec
3
x
1
8
sec xtanx
1
8
ln| sec x + tanx| +C.
18.
_
tan
2
3xsec
2
3xdx =
1
3
_
tan
2
3xsec
2
3x(3 dx) u = tan3x, du = sec
2
3x(3 dx)
=
1
3
_
u
2
du =
1
9
u
3
+C =
1
9
tan
3
3x +C
19.
_
tan
3
x(sec x)
1/2
dx =
_
tan
2
x(sec x)
1/2
tanxdx
=
_
(sec
2
x 1)(sec x)
3/2
sec xtanxdx
=
_
(sec x)
1/2
(sec xtanxdx)
_
(sec x)
3/2
(sec xtanxdx)
=
2
3
(sec x)
3/2
+ 2(sec x)
1/2
+C
20.
_
tan
3
x
2
sec
3
x
2
dx =
_
tan
2
x
2
sec
2
x
2
sec
x
2
tan
x
2
dx =
_
_
sec
2
x
2
1
_
sec
2
x
2
sec
x
2
tan
x
2
dx
=
_
sec
4
x
2
_
sec
x
2
tan
x
2
dx
_
_
sec
2
x
2
_
sec
x
2
tan
x
2
dx
_
=
2
5
sec
5
x
2

2
3
sec
3
x
2
+C
21.
_
tan
3
xsec
5
xdx =
_
tan
2
xsec
4
xsec xtanxdx =
_
(sec
2
x 1) sec
4
xsec xtanxdx
=
_
sec
6
x(sec xtanxdx)
_
sec
4
x(sec xtanxdx)
=
1
7
sec
7
x
1
5
sec
5
x +C
22.
_
tan
5
xsec xdx =
_
(tan
2
x)
2
(sec xtanxdx) =
_
(sec
2
x 1)
2
(sec xtanxdx)
=
_
(sec
4
x 2 sec
2
x + 1)(sec xtanxdx)
=
_
sec
4
x(sec xtanxdx) 2
_
sec
2
x(sec xtanxdx) +
_
sec xtanxdx
=
1
5
sec
5
x
2
3
sec
3
x + sec x +C
23.
_
sec
5
xdx =
_
sec
3
xsec
2
xdx =
_
sec
3
x(1 + tan
2
x) dx =
_
sec
3
xdx +
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx
From Example 5 of Section 7.3,
_
sec
3
xdx =
1
2
sec xtanx +
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx| +C. From
Exercise 17,
_
tan
2
xsec
3
xdx =
1
4
tanxsec
3
x
1
8
sec xtanx
1
8
ln| sec x + tanx| +C
1
.
Thus,
_
sec
5
x =
_
1
2
sec xtanx +
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx|
_
+
_
1
4
tanxsec
3
x
1
8
sec xtanx
1
8
ln| sec x + tanx|
_
+C
2
=
3
8
sec xtanx +
3
8
ln| sec x + tanx| +
1
4
tanxsec
3
x +C
2
.
24.
_
1
cos
4
x
dx =
_
sec
2
xsec
2
xdx =
_
(1 + tan
2
x) sec
2
xdx
=
_
sec
2
xdx +
_
tan
2
xsec
2
xdx = tanx +
1
3
tan
3
x +C
25.
_
cos
2
xcot xdx =
_
cos
3
x
sinx
dx =
_
(1 sin
2
x)
sinx
cos xdx
=
_
(sinx)
1
(cos xdx)
_
sinx(cos xdx) = ln| sinx|
1
2
sin
2
x +C
(Alternatively,
_
sinxcos xdx =
_
cos x(sinxdx) =
1
2
cos
2
x +C or
_
sinxcos xdx =
1
2
_
sin2xdx =
1
4
cos 2x +C).
26.
_
sinxsec
7
xdx =
_
(cos x)
7
(sinxdx) =
1
6
(cos x)
6
+C =
1
6
sec
6
x +C
27.
_
cot
10
xcsc
4
xdx =
_
cot
10
xcsc
2
xcsc
2
xdx =
_
cot
10
x(1 + cot
2
x) csc
2
xdx
=
_
cot
10
x(csc
2
x) dx
_
cot
12
x(csc
2
x) dx
=
1
11
cot
11
x
1
13
cot
13
x +C
28.
_
(1 + csc
2
t)
2
dt =
_
(1 + 2 csc
2
t + csc
2
t csc
2
t) dt =
_
[1 + 2 csc
2
t + (1 + cot
2
t) csc
2
t] dt
=
_
(1 + 3 csc
2
t + cot
2
t csc
2
t) dt = t 3 cot t
1
3
cot
3
t +C
29.
_
sec
4
(1 t)
tan
8
(1 t)
dt =
_
sec
2
(1 t)
tan
8
(1 t)
sec
2
(1 t) dt =
_
1 + tan
2
(1 t)
tan
8
(1 t)
sec
2
(1 t) dt
=
_
[tan(1 t)]
8
sec
2
(1 t) dt +
_
[tan(1 t)]
6
sec
2
(1 t) dt
=
1
7
[tan(1 t)]
7
+
1
5
[tan(1 t)]
5
+C
=
1
7 tan
7
(1 t)
+
1
5 tan
5
(1 t)
+C
30.
_
sin
3
t cos
2
t
dt u =
t, du =
1
2
t
= 2
_
sin
3
ucos
2
udu = 2
_
sin
2
ucos
2
usinudu
= 2
_
(1 cos
2
u) cos
2
usinudu
= 2
_
cos
2
u(sinudu) 2
_
cos
4
u(sinudu)
=
2
3
cos
3
u +
2
5
cos
5
u +C =
2
3
cos
3
t +
2
5
cos
5
t +C
31.
_
(1 + tanx)
2
sec xdx =
_
(1 + 2 tanx + tan
2
x) sec xdx
=
_
sec xdx + 2
_
tanxsec xdx +
_
tan
2
xsec xdx
The last integral is evaluated in Example 8 of Section 7.4. Thus,
_
(1 + tanx)
2
sec xdx = ln| sec x + tanx| + 2 sec x +
1
2
sec xtanx
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx| +C
=
1
2
ln| sec x + tanx| + 2 sec x +
1
2
sec xtanx +C.
32.
_
(tanx + cot x)
2
dx =
_
(tan
2
x + 2 + cot
2
x) dx =
_
(sec
2
x 1 + 2 + csc
2
x 1) dx
=
_
(sec
2
x + csc
2
x) dx = tanx cot x +C
33.
_
tan
4
xdx =
_
tan
2
xtan
2
xdx =
_
tan
2
x(sec
2
x 1) dx
=
_
tan
2
xsec
2
xdx
_
(sec
2
x 1) dx =
1
3
tan
3
x tanx +x +C
34.
_
tan
5
xdx =
_
(tan
2
x)
2
tanxdx =
_
(sec
2
x 1)
2
tanxdx
=
_
(sec
4
x 2 sec
2
x + 1) tanxdx
=
_
sec
3
x(sec xtanxdx) 2
_
sec x(sec xtanxdx) +
_
tanxdx
=
1
4
sec
4
x sec
2
x ln| cos x| +C
35.
_
cot
3
t dt =
_
cot
2
t cot t dt =
_
(csc
2
t 1) cot t dt =
_
csc t(csc t cot t dt)
_
cot t dt
=
1
2
csc
2
t ln| sint| +C
36.
_
csc
5
t dt u = csc
3
t, du = 3 csc
2
t cot t csc t dt; dv = csc
2
t dt, v = cot t
= cot t csc
3
t 3
_
cot
2
t csc
3
t dt = cot t csc
3
t 3
_
(csc
2
t 1) csc
3
t dt
= cot t csc
3
t 3
_
csc
5
t dt + 3
_
csc
3
t dt See Exercises 7.3, Problem 37
= cot t csc
3
t 3
_
csc
5
t dt + 3
_
1
2
cot t csc t +
1
2
ln| csc t cot t|
_
= cot t csc
3
t
3
2
cot t csc t
3
2
ln| csc t cot t| 3
_
csc
5
t dt
_
csc
5
t dt =
1
4
cot t csc
3
t
3
8
cot t csc t +
3
8
ln| csc t cot t| +C.
37.
_
(tan
6
x tan
2
x) dx =
_
(tan
4
xtan
2
x tan
2
x) dx =
_
(tan
4
x 1) tan
2
xdx
=
_
(tan
4
x 1)(sec
2
x 1) dx
=
_
(tan
4
xsec
2
x tan
4
x sec
2
x + 1) dx
=
_
tan
4
x(sec
2
xdx)
_
tan
4
xdx
_
sec
2
xdx +
_
dx
=
1
5
tan
5
x
_
tan
4
xdx tanx +x
From Exercise 33,
_
tan
4
x =
1
3
tan
3
x tanx +x +C, so
_
(tan
6
x tan
2
x) dx =
1
5
tan
5
x
_
1
3
tan
3
x tanx +x
_
tanx +x +C
1
=
1
5
tan
5
x
1
3
tan
3
x +C
1
.
38.
_
cot 2xcsc
5/2
2xdx =
_
csc
3/2
2xcsc 2xcot 2xdx =
1
2
_
(csc
3/2
2x)(2 csc 2xcot 2xdx)
u = csc 2x, du = 2 csc 2xcot 2xdx
=
1
2
_
u
3/2
du =
1
2
_
2
5
u
5/2
_
+C =
1
5
csc
5/2
2x +C
39.
_
xsin
3
x
2
dx =
_
xsin
2
x
2
sinx
2
dx =
_
x(1 cos
2
x
2
) sinx
2
dx
=
_
xsinx
2
dx
_
xcos
2
x
2
sinx
2
dx
=
1
2
_
sinx
2
(2xdx) +
1
2
_
cos
2
x
2
(2xsinx
2
dx)
t = x
2
, dt = 2xdx; u = cos x
2
, du = 2xsinx
2
dx
=
1
2
__
sint dt +
_
u
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
cos t +
1
3
u
3
_
+C
=
1
2
_
cos x
2
+
1
3
cos
3
x
2
_
+C =
1
6
cos
3
x
2
1
2
cos x
2
+C
40.
_
xtan
8
x
2
sec
2
x
2
dx =
1
2
_
tan
8
x
2
(2xsec
2
x
2
dx) u = tanx
2
, du = 2xsec
2
x
2
dx
=
1
2
_
u
8
du =
1
2
_
1
9
u
9
_
+C =
1
18
tan
9
x
2
+C
41.
_
/2
/3
sin
3
cos d =
_
/2
/3
sin
2
(cos )
1/2
sin d =
_
/2
/3
(1 cos
2
)(cos )
1/2
sin d
=
_
/2
/3
(cos )
1/2
(sin d) +
_
/2
/3
(cos )
5/2
(sin d)
=
2
3
(cos )
3/2
_
/2
/3
+
2
7
(cos )
7/2
_
/2
/3
=
2
3
_
0
_
1
2
_
3/2
_
+
2
7
_
0
_
1
2
_
7/2
_
=
2
6

2
56
=
25
2
168
42.
_
/2
0
sin
5
xcos
5
xdx =
_
/2
0
sin
5
xcos
4
xcos xdx =
_
/2
0
sin
5
x(1 sin
2
x)
2
cos xdx
=
_
/2
0
sin
5
x(1 2 sin
2
x + sin
4
x) cos xdx
=
_
/2
0
sin
5
x(cos xdx) 2
_
/2
0
sin
7
x(cos xdx) +
_
/2
0
sin
9
x(cos xdx)
=
1
6
sin
6
x
_
/2
0
1
4
sin
8
x
_
/2
0
+
1
10
sin
10
x
_
/2
0
=
1
6

1
4
+
1
10
=
1
60
43.
_

0
sin
3
2t dt =
_

0
sin
2
2t sin2t dt =
_

0
(1 cos
2
2t) sin2t dt
=
_

0
sin2t dt +
1
2
_

0
cos
2
2t(2 sin2t dt) =
1
2
cos 2t
_
0
+
1
6
cos
3
2t
_
0
=
1
2
(1 1) +
1
6
(1 1) = 0
44.
_

sin
4
xcos
2
xdx =
_

sin
4
x(1 sin
2
x) dx =
_

(sin
4
x sin
6
x) dx
=
_

_
_
1 cos 2x
2
_
2
_
1 cos 2x
2
_
3
_
dx
=
1
8
_

[2(1 2 cos 2x + cos

2
2x) (1 3 cos 2x + 3 cos
2
2x cos
3
2x)] dx
=
1
8
_

(1 cos 2x cos
2
2x + cos
3
2x) dx
=
1
8
_

_
1 cos 2x
1 + cos 4x
2
+ (1 sin
2
2x) cos 2x
_
dx
=
1
8
_

_
1
2

1
2
cos 4x sin
2
2xcos 2x
_
dx
=
1
8
_
1
2
x
1
8
sin4x
1
6
sin
3
2x
__
=
1
16
( +) =

8
45.
_
/4
0
tany sec
4
y dy =
_
/4
0
tany sec
2
y sec
2
y dy =
_
/4
0
tany(1 + tan
2
y) sec
2
y dy
=
_
/4
0
tany sec
2
y dy +
_
/4
0
tan
3
y sec
2
y dy
=
1
2
tan
2
y
_
/4
0
+
1
4
tan
4
y
_
/4
0
=
1
2
(1 0) +
1
4
(1 0) =
3
4
46.
_
/3
0
tanxsec
3/2
xdx =
_
/3
0
sec
1/2
x(sec xtanxdx) =
2
3
sec
3/2
x
_
/3
0
=
2
3
(2
2 1) =
4
2 2
3
47.
_
sinxcos 2xdx =
1
2
_
[sin3x + sin(x)] dx =
1
2
_
(sin3x sinx) dx
=
1
6
cos 3x +
1
2
cos x +C
48.
_
cos 3xcos 5xdx =
1
2
_
(cos 2x + cos 8x) dx =
1
4
sin2x +
1
16
sin8x +C
49.
_
sin2xsin4xdx =
1
2
_
(cos 2x cos 6x) dx =
1
4
sin2x
1
12
sin6x +C
50.
_
5 3 sin2x
sec 6x
dx =
_
(5 cos 6x 3 sin2xcos 6x) dx =
5
6
sin6x
3
2
_
[sin8x + sin(4x)] dx
=
5
6
sin6x
3
2
_
(sin8x sin4x) dx =
5
6
sin6x +
3
16
cos 8x
3
8
cos 4x +C
51.
_
/6
0
cos 2xcos xdx =
1
2
_
/6
0
(cos x + cos 3x) dx =
1
2
_
sinx +
1
3
sin3x
__
/6
0
=
1
2
_
1
2
+
1
3
_
=
5
12
52.
_
/2
0
sin
3
2
xsin
1
2
xdx =
1
2
_
/2
0
(cos x cos 2x) dx =
1
2
_
sinx
1
2
sin2x
__
/2
0
=
1
2
(1 0) =
1
2
53. If m = n, then using the fact that sinmxsinnx is an even function we have
_

sinmxsinnxdx =
_

0
[cos(mn)x cos(m+n)x] dx
=
1
mn
sin(mn)x
_
1
m+n
sin(m+n)x
_
0
= 0.
If m = n, then
_

sinmxsinnxdx =
_

sin
2
mxdx = 2
_

0
sin
2
mxdx =
_

0
(1 + cos 2mx) dx
=
_
x +
1
2m
sin2mx
__
0
= .
Thus,
_

sinmxsinnxdx =
_
0, m = n
, m = n
.
54. Since sinmxcos nx is an odd function,
_

sinmxsinnxdx = 0.
2
y
!/ 2 !/ 2
55. y = sec
2
x
2
V =
_
/2
/2
sec
4
x
2
dx =
_
/2
/2
sec
2
x
2
sec
2
x
2
dx
=
_
/2
/2
_
1 + tan
2
x
2
_
sec
2
x
2
dx
= 2
_
_
/2
/2
_
sec
2
x
2
_
_
1
2
dx
_
+
_
/2
/2
_
tan
2
x
2
_
_
1
2
sec
2
x
2
dx
_
_
= 2
_
tan
x
2
_
/2
/2
+
1
3
tan
3
x
2
_
/2
/2
_
= 2
_
1 (1) +
1
3

1
3
(1)
_
= 2
_
2 +
2
3
_
=
16
3
1
1 y
!/ 2 !/ 2
56. y = sin
2
x
V =
_
/2
/2
(1 sin
2
x)
2
dx =
_
/2
/2
(cos
2
x)
2
dx
=
_
/2
/2
_
1 + cos 2x
2
_
2
dx =

4
_
/2
/2
(1 + 2 cos 2x + cos
2
2x) dx
=

4
_
/2
/2
_
1 + 2 cos 2x +
1 + cos 4x
2
_
dx =

4
_
/2
/2
_
3
2
+ 2 cos 2x +
1
2
cos 4x
_
dx
=

4
_
3
2
x + sin2x +
1
8
sin4x
__
/2
/2
=

4
__
3
4
+ 0 + 0
_
3
4
+ 0 + 0
__
=
3
2
8
-!
-1
1
57. A =
_
/4
3/4
(cos
3
x sin
3
x) dx
=
_
/4
3/4
(cos
2
xcos x sin
2
xsinx) dx =
_
/4
3/4
[(1 sin
2
x) cos x (1 cos
2
x) sinx] dx
=
_
/4
3/4
[cos x (sin
2
x) cos x sinx + (cos
2
x) sinx] dx
=
_
sinx
1
3
sin
3
x + cos x
1
3
cos
3
x
__
/4
3/4
=
__
2
2

2
12
+
2
2

2
12
_
2
2
+
2
12

2
2
+
2
12
__
= 2
2
3
=
5
2
3
7.5. TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS 443
58. A =
1
2
_
2
0
r
2
d =
1
2
_
2
0
sin
2
4 sin
2

2
d =
1
8
_
2
0
(1 cos 8)(1 cos ) d
=
1
8
_
2
0
(1 cos cos 8 + cos 8 cos ) d
=
1
8
_
sin
1
8
sin8
__
2
0
+
1
16
_
(cos 7 + cos 9) d
=
1
8
(2) +
1
16
_
1
7
sin7 +
1
9
sin9
__
2
0
=

4
!
-2
-1
1
2
cos
3
x
cos
5
x
cos
7
x
59. Based on the graphs, the values of
_

0
cos
3
xdx,
_

0
cos
5
xdx,
and
_

0
cos
7
xdx all appear to be 0. We note that, for every t
such that 0 t

2
, cos
_
2
t
_
= cos
_
2
+t
_
, thus lending
credence to this conjecture.
60. Based on Problem 59, we conjecture that the value of
_

0
cos
n
xdx, where n is a positive odd
integer, is 0. To prove this, we evaluate
_

0
cos
n
xdx:
_

0
cos
n
xdx =
_

0
cos
n1
xcos xdx
Since n is a positive odd integer, n 1 is guaranteed to be even, and thus k =
n 1
2
is an
integer. Further, we substitute cos
2
x = 1 sin
2
x:
_

0
cos
n
xdx =
_

0
(cos
2
x)
k
cos xdx =
_

0
(1 sin
2
x)
k
cos xdx.
By the binomial theorem, (1 sin
2
x)
k
expands into an expression of the form 1 +c
1
sin
2
x +
c
2
(sin
2
x)
2
+ c
3
(sin
2
x)
3
+ + c
k
(sin
2
x)
k
. For this particular proof, it is not necessary to
specify the precise values of the binary coecients c
i
. Using the u substitution u = sinx,
du = cos xdx, integration is accomplished as follows:
_

0
cos
n
xdx =
_

0
(1 +c
1
sin
2
x +c
2
sin
4
x + +c
k
sin
2k
x)(cos xdx)
=
_
sinx +
c
1
3
sin
3
x +
c
2
5
sin
5
x + +
c
k
2k + 1
sin
2k+1
x
__
0
Evaluating this, we note that sin = sin0 = 0, and therefore
_

0
cos
n
xdx = 0.
7.5 Trigonometric Substitutions
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
dx x = sin, dx = cos d
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
dx x = 2 sec , dx = 2 sec tan d
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
_

1 x
2
x
2
=
_
_
1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
_
cos
2
sin
2
d =
_
cot
2
d
=
_
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
_
x
3
x
2
4
=
_
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
_
sec
4
d
= 8
_
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
_
tan +
1
3
tan
3
_
+C
= 4
_
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
_
1
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
_
x +
_
x
2
36
2
_
+C, x > 6
Alternatively, the substitution x = 6 sec could have been used.
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4.
_
_
3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=
_
_
3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
_
cos
2
d
= 3
_
1 + cos 2
2
d =
3
2
_
+
1
2
sin2
_
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
_
x
3
_
3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
_
3 x
2
+C
5.
_
x
_
x
2
+ 7 dx =
1
2
_
(x
2
+ 7)
1/2
(2xdx) =
1
3
(x
2
+ 7)
3/2
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
6.
_
(1 x
2
)
3/2
=
_
(1 sin
2
)
3/2
cos d =
_
cos
4
d =
_ _
1 + cos 2
2
_
2
d
=
1
4
_
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
1
4
_ _
1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
_
d
=
1
4
_ _
3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
_
d =
3
8
+
1
4
sin2 +
1
32
sin4 +C
=
3
8
+
1
4
sin2 +
1
16
sin2 cos 2 +C =
3
8
+
1
16
sin2(4 + cos 2) +C
=
3
8
+
1
8
sin cos (4 + 1 2 sin
2
) +C
=
3
8
+
1
8
sin cos (5 2 sin
2
) +C
=
3
8
sin
1
x +
1
8
x
_
1 x
2
(5 2x
2
) +C
7.
_
x
3
_
1 x
2
dx =
1
2
_
x
2
_
1 x
2
(2xdx) u = 1 x
2
, x
2
= 1 u, 2xdx = du
=
1
2
_
(1 u)u
1/2
du =
1
2
_
(u
1/2
u
3/2
) du
=
1
2
_
2
3
u
3/2
2
5
u
5/2
_
+C =
1
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+
1
5
(1 x
2
)
5/2
+C
8.
_
x
3
_
x
2
1 dx =
1
2
_
x
2
_
x
2
1(2xdx) u = x
2
1, x
2
= u + 1, 2xdx = du
=
1
2
_
(u + 1)u
1/2
du =
1
2
_
(u
3/2
+u
1/2
) du =
1
2
_
2
5
u
5/2
+
2
3
u
3/2
_
+C
=
1
5
(x
2
1)
5/2
+
1
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
9.
_
1
(x
2
4)
3/2
=
_
2 sec tan
(4 sec
2
4)
3/2
d
=
1
4
_
sec
tan
2
d =
1
4
_
(sin)
2
cos d
=
1
4
(sin)
1
+C =
1
4
csc +C =
1
4
x
x
2
4
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
3
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2 dx x = sin, dx = cos d
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

x
2
+ 4 dx x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
See Section 7.3, Example 5
= 2 sec tan + 2 ln| sec + tan| + C
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
dx x = 4 sin, dx = 4 cos d
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
dx x = tan, dx = sec
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
= ln| csc cot | + C = ln
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
dx x = sec , dx = sec tan d
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
10.
_
(9 x
2
)
3/2
=
_
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
(3 cos d)
= 81
_
(1 sin
2
)
3/2
(cos d) = 81
_
cos
4
d
= 81
_
(cos
2
)
2
d = 81
_ _
1 + cos 2
2
_
2
d
=
81
4
_
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4
_ _
1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
_
d
=
81
4
_ _
3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
_
d =
81
4
_
3
2
+ sin2 +
1
8
sin4
_
+C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin2 +
81
32
sin4 +C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin2 cos 2 +C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) +C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
_
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
_
+C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
_
5
8

1
4
sin
2
_
+C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
_
9 x
2
_
5
8

1
36
x
2
_
+C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
_
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) +C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
dx x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
11.
_
_
x
2
+ 4 dx x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=
_
_
4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
_
sec
3
d
= 2 sec tan + 2 ln| sec + tan| +C
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
_
x
2
_
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+C
=
x
2
_
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
_
x
2
+ 4 +x
+C
1
12.
_
x
25 +x
2
dx =
1
2
_
1
25 +x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 +x
2
) +C
13.
_
1
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+C
14.
_
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
_
1
x
16 x
2
=
_
4 cos
4 sin
_
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
_
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | +C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
16.
_
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
_
4 cos
16 sin
2
_
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
_
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot +C =
1
16
_
16 x
2
x
_
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
17.
_
1
x
1 +x
2
2
d
=
_
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
_
sec
tan
d =
_
csc d
= ln| csc cot | +C = ln
1 +x
2
x

1
x
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
18.
_
1
x
2
1 +x
2
2
d
=
_
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
_
sec
tan
2
d
=
_
(sin)
2
cos d = (sin)
1
+C = csc +C =
1 +x
2
x
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
19.
_

1 x
2
x
4
=
_
_
1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
_
cos
2
sin
4
d =
_
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+C =
1
3
_
1 x
2
x
_
3
+C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
20.
_

x
2
1
x
4
=
_
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
_
tan
2
sec
3
d =
_
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+C =
1
3
_
x
2
1
x
_
3
+C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
3
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

x
2
+ 4 dx x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
21.
_
x
2
(9 x
2
)
3/2
=
_
9 sin
2
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
3 cos d =
_
sin
2
cos
2
d =
_
tan
2
d
=
_
(sec
2
1) d = tan +C =
x
9 x
2
sin
1
x
3
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
22.
_
x
2
(4 +x
2
)
3/2
2
d
=
_
4 tan
2
(4 + 4 tan
2
)
3/2
2 sec
2
d =
_
tan
2
sec
d
=
_
sec
2
1
sec
d =
_
sec d
_
cos d = ln| sec + tan| sin +C
= ln
4 +x
2
2
+
x
2
4 +x
2
+C = ln
_
4 +x
2
+x
4 +x
2
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
23.
_
1
(1 +x
2
)
2
2
d
=
_
sec
2
(1 + tan
2
)
2
d =
_
1
sec
2
d =
_
cos
2
d
=
1
2
_
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
2
+
1
4
sin2 +C =
1
2
+
1
2
sin cos +C
=
1
2
tan
1
x +
1
2
_
x
1 +x
2
_
1
1 +x
2
+C =
1
2
tan
1
x +
1
2
_
x
1 +x
2
_
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
24.
_
x
2
(x
2
1)
2
=
_
sec
2
(sec
2
1)
2
sec tan d =
_
sec
3
tan
3
=
_
csc
3
d
u = csc , du = csc cot d; dv = csc
2
d, v = cot
= csc cot
_
csc cot
2
d = csc cot
_
csc (csc
2
1) d
= csc cot
_
csc
3
d +
_
csc d
= csc cot
_
csc
3
d + ln| csc cot |
_
csc
3
d, we have
_
csc
3
d =
1
2
csc cot +
1
2
ln| csc cot | +C
=
1
2
_
x
x
2
1
_
1
x
2
1
+
1
2
ln
x
2
1

1
x
2
1
+C
=
1
2
_
x
x
2
1
_
+
1
2
ln
x 1
x
2
1
+C.
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
25.
_
1
(4 +x
2
)
5/2
2
d
=
_
2 sec
2
(4 + 4 tan
2
)
5/2
d =
1
16
_
1
sec
3
d =
1
16
_
cos
3
d
=
1
16
_
cos
2
cos d =
1
16
_
(1 sin
2
) cos d
=
1
16
_
cos
1
16
_
sin
2
cos d =
1
16
sin
1
48
sin
3
+C
=
1
16
_
x
4 +x
2
_
1
48
_
x
3
(4 +x
2
)
3/2
_
+C
26.
_
x
3
(1 x
2
)
5/2
dx =
_
x
2
(1 x
2
)
5/2
(xdx) u = 1 x
2
, du = 2xdx
=
_
1 u
u
5/2
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
(u
5/2
u
3/2
) du
=
1
2
_
2
3
u
3/2
+ 2u
1/2
_
+C =
1
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
(1 x
2
)
1/2
+C
x + 1
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
3
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+ 25.
1
(4 +x
2
)
5/2
2
d
=
2 sec
2
(4 + 4 tan
2
)
5/2
d =
1
16
1
sec
3
d =
1
16
cos
3
d
=
1
16
cos
2
cos d =
1
16
(1 sin
2
) cos d
=
1
16
cos
1
16
sin
2
cos d =
1
16
sin
1
48
sin
3
+C
=
1
16
4 +x
2
1
48
x
3
(4 +x
2
)
3/2
+C
26.
x
3
(1 x
2
)
5/2
dx =
x
2
(1 x
2
)
5/2
(xdx) u = 1 x
2
, du = 2xdx
=
1 u
u
5/2
1
2
du
=
1
2
(u
5/2
u
3/2
) du
=
1
2
2
3
u
3/2
+ 2u
1/2
+C =
1
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
(1 x
2
)
1/2
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
27.
x
2
+ 2x + 10
dx =
(x + 1)
2
+ 9
dx
x + 1 = 3 tan, dx = 3 sec
2
d
=
3 sec
2
9 tan
2
+ 9
d =
sec d = ln| sec + tan| +C

= ln
x
2
+ 2x + 10
3
+
x + 1
3
+C = ln
x
2
+ 2x + 10 +x + 1
+C
1
TODO gure
28.
4x x
2
dx =
4 (x 2)
2
dx =
x 2
4 (x 2)
2
dx +
4 (x 2)
2
dx
u = 4 (x 2)
2
, du = 2(x 2) dx
=
1
2
1
u
1/2
du + 2 sin
1
x 2
2
= u
1/2
+ 2 sin
1
x 2
2
+C
=
4 (x 2)
2
+ 2 sin
1
x 2
2
+C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
29.
1
(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
2
dx =
1
[(x + 3)
2
+ 4]
2
dx
x + 3 = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=
2 sec
2
(4 tan
2
+ 4)
2
d =
sec
2
8 sec
4
d =
1
8
cos
2
d
27.
_
1
x
2
+ 2x + 10
dx =
_
1
_
(x + 1)
2
+ 9
dx
x + 1 = 3 tan, dx = 3 sec
2
d
=
_
3 sec
2
9 tan
2
+ 9
d =
_
= ln
x
2
+ 2x + 10
3
+
x + 1
3
+C = ln
_
x
2
+ 2x + 10 +x + 1
+C
1
28.
_
x
4x x
2
dx =
_
x
_
4 (x 2)
2
dx =
_
x 2
_
4 (x 2)
2
dx +
_
2
_
4 (x 2)
2
dx
u = 4 (x 2)
2
, du = 2(x 2) dx
=
1
2
_
1
u
1/2
du + 2 sin
1
x 2
2
= u
1/2
+ 2 sin
1
x 2
2
+C
=
_
4 (x 2)
2
+ 2 sin
1
x 2
2
+C
x + 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
29.
_
1
(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
2
dx =
_
1
[(x + 3)
2
+ 4]
2
dx
x + 3 = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=
_
2 sec
2
(4 tan
2
+ 4)
2
d =
_
sec
2
8 sec
4
d =
1
8
_
cos
2
d
=
1
16
_
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
_
+
1
2
sin2
_
+C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos +C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
_
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
_
2
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+C
x + 5
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
6
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
30.
_
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
_
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
_
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
_
cos
216 cos
4
d
=
1
216
_
sec
3
d See Section 7.3, Example 5
=
1
216
_
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
_
+C
=
1
432
_
6
11 10x x
2
_
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+C
x + 2
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
3
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
x + 5
11 10x x
2
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d
=
1
216
sec
3
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13 31.
x 3
(5 4x x
2
)
3/2
dx =
x 3
[9 (x + 2)
2
]
3/2
dx
x + 2 = 3 sin, dx = 3 cos d
=
3 sin 5
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
(3 cos d) =
9 sin cos 15 cos

27 cos
3
d
=
1
3
sin
cos
2
d
5
9
1
cos
2
d =
1
3
tan sec d
5
9
sec
2
d
=
1
3
sec
5
9
tan + C
=
1
3
5 4x x
2
5
9
x + 2
5 4x x
2
+ C
=
5x 1
9
5 4x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
_
x 3
(5 4x x
2
)
3/2
dx =
_
x 3
[9 (x + 2)
2
]
3/2
dx
x + 2 = 3 sin, dx = 3 cos d
=
_
3 sin 5
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
(3 cos d)
=
_
9 sin cos 15 cos
27 cos
3
d
=
1
3
_
sin
cos
2
d
5
9
_
1
cos
2
d =
1
3
_
tan sec d
5
9
_
sec
2
d
=
1
3
sec
5
9
tan +C
=
1
3
_
3
5 4x x
2
_
5
9
_
x + 2
5 4x x
2
_
+C
=
5x 1
9
5 4x x
2
+C
x + 1
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x + 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
32.
1
(x
2
+ 2x)
3/2
dx =
1
[(x + 1)
2
1]
3/2
dx
x + 1 = sec , dx = sec tan d
=
sec tan
(sec
2
1)
3/2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
x + 1
x
2
+ 2x
+ C
TODO gure
33.
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 13
dx = ln(x
2
+ 4x + 13) + C
34.
1
4 + (x 3)
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x 3
2
+ C
35.
x
2
x
2
+ 16
dx =

1
16
x
2
+ 16
dx = x 4 tan
1
x
4
+ C
x + 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
36.

4 9x
2
x
dx 3x = 2 sin, 3 dx = 2 cos d
=

4 4 sin
2
2
3
sin
2
3
cos d
= 2
cos
2
sin
d = 2
1 sin
2
sin
d
= 2
csc d 2
sin d = 2 ln| csc cot | + 2 cos + C

= 2 ln
2
3x

4 9x
2
3x
+ 2
4 9x
2
2
+ C
= 2 ln
4 9x
2
3x
4 9x
2
+ C
TODO gure
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
32.
_
1
(x
2
+ 2x)
3/2
dx =
_
1
[(x + 1)
2
1]
3/2
dx
=
_
sec tan
(sec
2
1)
3/2
d =
_
sec
tan
2
d =
_
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+C = csc +C =
x + 1
x
2
+ 2x
+C
33.
_
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 13
dx = ln(x
2
+ 4x + 13) +C
34.
_
1
4 + (x 3)
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x 3
2
+C
35.
_
x
2
x
2
+ 16
dx =
_ _
1
16
x
2
+ 16
_
dx = x 4 tan
1
x
4
+C
3x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
x + 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
32.
1
(x
2
+ 2x)
3/2
dx =
1
[(x + 1)
2
1]
3/2
dx
=
sec tan
(sec
2
1)
3/2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
x + 1
x
2
+ 2x
+ C
TODO gure
33.
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 13
dx = ln(x
2
+ 4x + 13) + C
34.
1
4 + (x 3)
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x 3
2
+ C
35.
x
2
x
2
+ 16
dx =

1
16
x
2
+ 16
dx = x 4 tan
1
x
4
+ C
x + 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
1
16
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
16
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
16
+
1
16
sin cos + C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
1
16
x + 3
x
2
+ 6x + 13
x
2
+ 6x + 13
+ C
=
1
16
tan
1
x + 3
2
+
x + 3
8(x
2
+ 6x + 13)
+ C
TODO gure
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
30.
1
(11 10x x
2
)
2
dx =
1
[36 (x + 5)
2
]
2
dx
x + 5 = 6 sin, dx = 6 cos d
=
6 cos
(36 36 sin
2
)
2
d =
cos
216 cos
4
d =
1
216
sec
3
d
=
1
216
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
+ C
=
1
432
11 10x x
2
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+
1
432
ln
11 10x x
2
+
x + 5
11 10x x
2
+ C
=
x + 5
72(11 10x x
2
)
+
1
432
ln
x + 11
11 10x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
36.

4 9x
2
x
=

4 4 sin
2
2
3
sin
2
3
cos d
= 2
cos
2
sin
d = 2
1 sin
2
sin
d
= 2
csc d 2

= 2 ln
2
3x

4 9x
2
3x
+ 2
4 9x
2
2
+ C
= 2 ln
4 9x
2
3x
4 9x
2
+ C
TODO gure
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
36.
_

4 9x
2
x
=
_
_
4 4 sin
2
2
3
sin
_
2
3
cos d
_
= 2
_
cos
2
sin
d = 2
_
1 sin
2
sin
d
= 2
_
csc d 2
_
sin d = 2 ln| csc cot | + 2 cos +C
= 2 ln
2
3x

4 9x
2
3x
+ 2
4 9x
2
2
+C
= 2 ln
4 9x
2
3x
+
_
4 9x
2
+C
x 3
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
3
x + 1
x
2
+ 2x
32.
1
(x
2
+ 2x)
3/2
dx =
1
[(x + 1)
2
1]
3/2
dx
=
sec tan
(sec
2
1)
3/2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
x + 1
x
2
+ 2x
+ C
33.
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 13
dx = ln(x
2
+ 4x + 13) + C
34.
1
4 + (x 3)
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x 3
2
+ C
35.
x
2
x
2
+ 16
dx =

1
16
x
2
+ 16
dx = x 4 tan
1
x
4
+ C
3x
4 9x
2
36.

4 9x
2
x
=

4 4 sin
2
2
3
sin
2
3
cos d
= 2
cos
2
sin
d = 2
1 sin
2
sin
d
= 2
csc d 2

= 2 ln
2
3x

4 9x
2
3x
+ 2
4 9x
2
2
+ C
= 2 ln
4 9x
2
3x
4 9x
2
+ C
x
4 +x
2
37.

6x x
2
dx =

9 (x 3)
2
dx x 3 = 3 sin, dx = 3 cos d
=

9 9 sin
2
3 cos d = 9
cos
2
d
=
9
2
(1 + cos 2) d =
9
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+ C =
9
2
+
9
2
sin cos + C
=
9
2
sin
1
x 3
3
+
9
2
x 3
3
1
(x 3)
2
9
=
9
2
sin
1
x 3
3
+
3
2
(x 3)
9 9 + 6x x
2
3
=
9
2
sin
1
x 3
3
+
1
2
(x 3)
6x x
2
38.
37.
_
_
6x x
2
dx =
_
_
9 (x 3)
2
dx x 3 = 3 sin, dx = 3 cos d
=
_
_
9 9 sin
2
3 cos d = 9
_
cos
2
d
=
9
2
_
(1 + cos 2) d =
9
2
_
+
1
2
sin2
_
+C
=
9
2
+
9
2
sin cos +C =
9
2
sin
1
x 3
3
+
9
2
_
x 3
3
_
6x x
2
3
+C
=
9
2
sin
1
x 3
3
+
1
2
(x 3)
_
6x x
2
+C
38.
_
1
6x x
2
dx =
_
1
_
9 (x 3)
2
dx u = x 3, du = dx
=
_
1
3
2
u
2
du = sin
1
u
3
+C = sin
1
x 3
3
+C
39.
_
1
1
_
4 x
2
=
_
/6
/6
_
4 4 sin
2
2 cos d = 4
_
/6
/6
cos
2
d
=
_
/6
/6
(2 + 2 cos 2) d = (2 + sin2)
_
/6
/6
=
__
3
+
3
2
_
3
2
__
=
2 + 3
3
3
40.
_

3
1
x
2
4 x
2
dx x = 2 sin, dx = 2 cos d =
_
/3
/6
4 sin
2
_
4 4 sin
2
2 cos d
= 4
_
/3
/6
sin
2
d =
_
/3
/6
(2 2 cos 2) d = (2 sin2)
_
/3
/6
=
__
2
3

3
2
_
3
+
3
2
__
=
3
41.
_
5
0
1
(x
2
+ 25)
3/2
2
d
=
_
/4
0
5 sec
2
(25 tan
2
+ 25)
3/2
d =
1
25
_
/4
0
1
sec
d =
1
25
_
/4
0
cos d
=
1
25
sin
_
/4
0
=
2
50
42.
_
2
2
1
x
3
x
2
1
=
_
/3
/4
sec tan
sec
3
sec
2
1
d =
_
/3
/4
tan
sec
2
tan
d =
_
/3
/4
cos
2
d
=
1
2
_
/3
/4
(1 + cos 2) d =
1
2
_
+
1
2
sin
2
__
/3
/4
=
1
2
__
3
+
3
4
_
4
+
1
2
_
_
=
+ 3
3 6
24
43.
_
6/5
1
16
x
4
4 x
2
=
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
32 cos
16 sin
4
_
4 4 sin
2
d =
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
2 cos
sin
4
(2 cos )
d
=
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
csc
2
csc
2
d =
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
(1 + cot
2
) csc
2
d
=
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
csc
2
d +
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
cot
2
csc
2
d
= cot
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
1
3
cot
3
_
sin
1
(3/5)
/6
5
3
4
= [cot(sin
1
3/5)
3]
1
3
[cot
3
(sin
1
3/5) 3
3]
=
_
4
3

3
_
1
3
_
64
27
3
3
_
= 2
3
172
81
44.
_
1/2
0
x
3
(1 +x
2
)
1/2
2
d
=
_
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
(1 + tan
2
)
1/2
sec
2
d
=
_
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
sec
2
sec
d =
_
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
2
tan sec d
=
_
tan
1
(1/2)
0
(sec
2
1) tan sec d
=
_
1
3
sec
3
sec
__
tan
1
(1/2)
0
44.
1/2
0
x
3
(1 + x
2
)
1/2
2
d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
(1 + tan
2
)
1/2
sec
2
d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
sec
2
sec
d =
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
2
tan sec d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
(sec
2
1) tan sec d
=
1
3
sec
3
sec
tan
1
(1/2)
0
=
1
3
[sec
3
(tan
1
1/2) 1] [sec(tan
1
1/2) 1]
=
1
3
5
8
1
5
2
1
=
16 7
5
24
TODO gure
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
1
2
=
1
3
[sec
3
(tan
1
1/2) 1] [sec(tan
1
1/2) 1]
=
1
3
_
5
5
8
1
_
5
2
1
_
=
16 7
5
24
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
45.
_
x
2
sin
1
xdx u = sin
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx; dv = x
2
dx, v =
1
3
x
3
=
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x
1
3
_
x
3
1 x
2
=
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x
1
3
_
sin
3
_
1 sin
2
cos d =
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x
1
3
_
sin
3
d
=
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x
1
3
_
(1 cos
2
) sin d
=
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x
1
3
_
cos +
1
3
cos
3
_
+C
=
1
3
x
3
sin
1
x +
1
3
_
1 x
2
1
9
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
46.
_
xcos
1
xdx u = cos
1
x, du =
1
1 x
2
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
2
_
x
2
1 x
2
=
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
2
_
sin
2
_
1 sin
2
cos d =
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
2
_
sin
2
d
=
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
4
_
(1 cos 2) d =
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
4
_

1
2
sin2
_
+C
=
1
2
x
2
cos
1
x +
1
4
sin
1
x
1
4
sin cos +C
1 2
1
2
47. A =
_

3
1
1
x
3 +x
2
dx x =
3 tan, dx =
3 sec
2
d
=
_
/4
/6
3 sec
2
3 tan
3 + 3 tan
2
d
=
1
3
_
/4
/6
sec
tan
d =
1
3
_
/4
/6
csc d
=
1
3
ln| csc cot |
_
/4
/6
=
1
3
(ln|
2 1| ln|2
3|) =
1
3
ln
2 1
2
3
0.2515
1
1
48. A =
_
1
0
x
5
_
1 x
2
dx =
_
1
0
x
4
_
1 x
2
xdx
u = 1 x
2
, x
2
= 1 u, 2xdx = du
=
_
0
1
(1 u)
2
u
1/2
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
0
1
(u
1/2
2u
3/2
+u
5/2
) du
=
1
2
_
2
3
u
3/2
4
5
u
5/2
+
2
7
u
7/2
__
0
1
=
1
2
_
0
16
105
_
=
8
105
0.0762
a
a
49. We nd the area in the rst quadrant and use symmetry.
A = 4
_
a
0
_
a
2
x
2
dx x = a sin, dx = a cos d
= 4
_
/2
0
_
a
2
a
2
sin
2
a cos d = 4a
2
_
/2
0
cos
2
d
= 2a
2
_
/2
0
(1 + cos 2) d = 2a
2
_
+
1
2
sin2
__
/2
0
= 2a
2
_
2
_
= a
2
a
b
50. We nd the area in the rst quadrant and use symmetry.
A = 4
_
b
0
a
b
_
b
2
x
2
dx x = b sin, dx = b cos d
=
4a
b
_
/2
0
_
b
2
b
2
sin
2
b cos d = 4ab
_
/2
0
cos
2
d
= 2ab
_
/2
0
(1 + cos 2) d = 2ab
_
+
1
2
sin2
__
/2
0
= 2ab
_
2
+ 0
_
= ab
1 2
1
2
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
51. V =
_

3
0
1
x
2
(3 +x
2
)
dx x =
3 tan, dx =
3 sec
2
d
=
_
/4
/6
3 sec
2
3 tan
2
(3 + 3 tan
2
)
d =

3
9
_
/4
/6
1
tan
2
d
=

3
9
_
/4
/6
cot
2
d =

3
9
_
/4
/6
(csc
2
1) d =

3
9
(cot )
_
/4
/6
=
3
9
__
1 +

4
_
3 +

6
__
=

3
9
_
3 1

12
_
0.2843
1 2
1
52. Using the disk method,
V =
_
2
0
16
(4 +x
2
)
2
2
d
=
_
/4
0
16
(4 + 4 tan
2
)
2
(2 sec
2
d) = 2
_
/4
0
sec
2
sec
4
d = 2
_
/4
0
cos
2
d
=
_
/4
0
(1 + cos 2) d =
_
+
1
2
sin2
__
/4
0
=
_
4
+
1
2
_
=

2
+ 2
4
.
1 2
5
53. Using the shell method,
V = 2
_
2
0
x
2
_
4 +x
2
2
d
= 2
_
/4
0
4 tan
2
_
4 + 4 tan
2
2 sec
2
d = 32
_
/4
0
tan
2
sec
3
d
= 32
_
/4
0
(sec
2
1) sec
3
d = 32
_
/4
0
sec
5
d 32
_
/4
0
sec
3
d.
From Section 7.3, Example 5 we obtain
_
/4
0
sec
3
d =
_
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
__
/4
0
=
1
2
(
2)(1) +
1
2
ln(
2 + 1)
=
1
2
[
2 + ln(
2 + 1)].
To nd
_
/4
0
sec
5
d we use integration by parts.
_
/4
0
sec
5
d =
_
/4
0
sec
3
sec
2
d
u = sec
3
, du = 3 sec
2
sec tan d; dv = sec
2
d, v = tan
= sec
3
tan
_
/4
0
3
_
/4
0
sec
3
tan
2
d
= 2
2 3
_
/4
0
sec
3
(sec
2
1) d
= 2
2 3
_
/4
0
sec
5
d + 3
_
/4
0
sec
3
d
= 2
2 3
_
/4
0
sec
5
d +
3
2
[
2 + ln(
2 + 1)]
Solving for
_
/4
0
sec
5
d we obtain
_
/4
0
sec
5
d =
2
2
+
3
8
[
2 + ln(
2 + 1)]. Then
V = 32
_
2
2
+
3
8
[
2 + ln(
2 + 1)]
_
32
_
2
2
+
1
2
ln(
2 + 1)
_
= 12
2 4 ln(
2 + 1).
1
1
54. V = 2
_
1
0
x
2
4 x
2
= 2
_
/6
0
4 sin
2
_
4 4 sin
2
2 cos d = 8
_
/6
0
sin
2
d
= 4
_
/6
0
(1 cos 2) d = 4
_

1
2
sin2
__
/6
0
= 4
__
3
4
_
0
_
=
2
2
3
3
3
1.1383
55. y
= 1/x
L =
_

3
1
_
1 + (1/x)
2
dx =
_

3
1
x
2
+ 1
x
2
d
=
_
/3
/4
tan
2
+ 1
tan
sec
2
d =
_
/3
/4
sec
3
tan
d =
_
/3
/4
sec
tan
sec
2
d
=
_
/3
/4
csc (tan
2
+ 1) d =
_
/3
/4
_
sin
cos
2
+ csc
_
d =
_
/3
/4
(sec tan + csc ) d
= (sec + ln| csc cot |)
_
/3
/4
=
_
2 + ln
3

1
_
(
2 + ln|
2 1|)
= 2
2 ln(
3) 0.9179
56. y
= x + 2
L =
_
2
1
_
1 + (2 x)
2
dx 2 x = tan, dx = sec
2
d
=
_
0
/4
_
1 + tan
2
(sec
2
d) =
_
0
/4
sec
3
=
_
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
__
/4
0
=
_
1
2
2(1) +
1
2
ln|
2 + 1|
_
_
0
1
2
ln1
_
=
2
2
+
1
2
ln(
2 + 1) 1.1478
57. (a) The slope at (x, y) is
a
2
x
2
x
, which is also
dy
dx
.
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
a
56. y
= x + 2
L =
_
2
1
_
1 + (2 x)
2
dx 2 x = tan, dx = sec
2
d
=
_
0
/4
_
1 + tan
2
(sec
2
d) =
_
0
/4
sec
3
=
_
1
2
sec tan +
1
2
ln| sec + tan|
__
/4
0
=
_
1
2
2(1) +
1
2
ln|
2 + 1|
_
_
0
1
2
ln 1
_
=
2
2
+
1
2
ln(
2 + 1) 1.1478
57. (a) The slope at (x, y) is
a
2
x
2
x
, which is also
dy
dx
.
(b) Separating variables,
_

a
2
x
2
x
dx =
_
dy. Now
TODO gure, with theta in the right place
_

a
2
x
2
x
=
_

a
2
a
2
sin
a sin
a cos d = a
_
cos
2
sin
d = a
_
1 sin
2
sin
d
= a
_
csc d a
_
sin d = a ln| csc cot | + a cos + C
= a ln
a
x

a
2
x
2
x
+ a
_
a
2
x
2
a
_
+ C.
Then a ln
a
2
x
2
x
+

a
2
x
2
= y + C
1
. Now y(10) = 0 and a = 10, so
10 ln
10
100 100
10
100 100 = 0 + C
1
and C
1
= 0. Thus
y = 10 ln
10
100 x
2
x
_
100 x
2
.
Note: If the substitution y = a cos is used, we obtain the equivalent solution
y = 10 ln
10
100 x
2
x
_
100 x
2
.
58. Using symmetry with respect to the x-axis, we have
(b) Separating variables,
_

a
2
x
2
x
dx =
_
dy. Now
_

a
2
x
2
x
=
_

a
2
a
2
sin
a sin
a cos d = a
_
cos
2
sin
d = a
_
1 sin
2
sin
d
= a
_
csc d a
_
sin d = a ln| csc cot | +a cos +C
= a ln
a
x

a
2
x
2
x
+a
_
a
2
x
2
a
_
+C.
Then a ln
a
2
x
2
x
+

a
2
x
2
= y + C
1
. Now y(10) = 0 and a = 10, so
10 ln
10
100 100
10
100 100 = 0 +C
1
and C
1
= 0. Thus
y = 10 ln
10
100 x
2
x
_
100 x
2
.
Note: If the substitution y = a cos is used, we obtain the equivalent solution
y = 10 ln
10
100 x
2
x
_
100 x
2
.
58. Using symmetry with respect to the x-axis, we have
r
a r a + r
V = 4
_
a+r
ar
x
_
r
2
(x a)
2
dx
x a = r sin, dx = r cos d
= 4
_
/2
/2
(a +r sin)
_
r
2
r
2
sin
2
r cos d
= 4r
2
_
/2
/2
(a +r sin) cos
2
d = 4ar
2
_
/2
/2
1 + cos 2
2
d + 4r
3
_
/2
/2
cos
2
sin d
= 2ar
2
_
+
1
2
sin2
__
/2
/2
+ 4r
3
_
1
3
cos
3
__
/2
/2
= 2ar
2
__
2
+ 0
_
2
+ 0
__
4
3
r
3
(0 0) = 2a
2
r
2
59. F = 62.4
_
2
1
x
_
2 x
x
dx = 62.4
_
2
1
_
2x x
2
dx = 62.4
_
2
1
_
1 (x 1)
2
dx
x 1 = sin, dx = cos d
= 62.4
_
/2
0
_
1 sin
2
cos d = 62.4
_
/2
0
cos
2
d = 31.2
_
/2
0
(1 + cos 2) d
= 31.2
_
+
1
2
sin2
__
/2
0
= 31.2
_
2
_
= 15.6 49.0088 lb
1 2
1
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
60. A =
_

3
0
1
1 +x
2
2
d
=
_
/3
0
sec
2
1 + tan
2
d =
_
/3
0
sec d
= ln| sec + tan|
_
/3
0
= ln(2 +
3)
M
y
=
_

3
0
x
1 +x
2
dx =
1
2
_

3
0
2x(1 +x
2
)
1/2
dx =
1
2

(1 +x
2
)
1/2
1/2
_
3
0
=
_
1 +x
2
_
3
0
= 2 1 = 1
M
x
=
1
2
_

3
0
1
1 +x
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x
_
3
0
=

6
x =
1
ln(2 +
3)
0.76; y =
/6
ln(2 +
3)
=

6 ln(2 +
3)
0.40
61. (a)
_
1
e
2x
1
dx e
x
= sec , e
x
dx = tan sec d, dx = tan d
=
_
tan
sec
2
1
d =
_
tan
tan
d =
_
d = +C = sec
1
e
x
+C
e
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
(b)

e
2x
1 dx e
x
= sec , e
x
=

sec
2
1 tan d =
tan
2
d =
(sec
2
1) d
= tan + C =
e
2x
1 sec
1
e
x
+ C
62.
7.6 Partial Fractions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
(b)
_
_
e
2x
1 dx e
x
= sec , e
x
=
_
_
sec
2
1 tan d =
_
tan
2
d
=
_
(sec
2
1) d = tan +C =
_
e
2x
1 sec
1
e
x
+C
a
b
c
62. The circle of radius a, which is centered on the origin, is dened by x
2
+y
2
=
a
2
. Let c be the distance between the centers of the two circles. The circle
of radius b is thus dened by x
2
+ (y c)
2
= b
2
. The area is the integral
of the dierence between y =
b
2
x
2
+ c and y =
a
2
x
2
from b to
b. Using symmetry, we have
A = 2
_
b
0
[(
_
b
2
x
2
+c)
_
a
2
x
2
] dx = 2
_
b
0
(
_
b
2
x
2
_
a
2
x
2
+c) dx
By using the substitution x = r sin, dx = r cos d , we nd
_
_
r
2
x
2
dx =
_
_
r
2
r
2
sin
2
r cos d = r
2
_
cos
2
d
= r
2
_
1 + cos 2
2
d =
r
2
2
_
+
1
2
sin2
_
+C =
r
2
2
+
r
2
2
sin cos +C
=
r
2
2
sin
1
x
r
+
r
2
2
_
x
r
_
r
2
x
2
r
=
r
2
2
sin
1
x
r
+
1
2
x
_
r
2
x
2
+C.
Substituting b and a respectively, we get
A = 2
_
b
0
_
b
2
x
2
dx 2
_
b
0
_
a
2
x
2
dx + 2
_
b
0
c dx
=
_
b
2
sin
1
x
b
+x
_
b
2
x
2
__
b
0
_
a
2
sin
1
x
a
+x
_
a
2
x
2
__
b
0
+ 2cx
_
b
0
=
__
b
2
sin
1
1 +b
_
b
2
b
2
_
(0 + 0)
_
__
a
2
sin
1
b
a
+b
_
a
2
b
2
_
(0 + 0)
_
+ 2bc
=
b
2
2
a
2
sin
1
b
a
b
_
a
2
b
2
+ 2bc.
From the gure, it can be seen that a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
or c =
a
2
b
2
. We substitute to simplify
further:
A =
b
2
2
a
2
sin
1
b
a
b
_
a
2
b
2
+ 2bc =
b
2
2
a
2
sin
1
b
a
bc + 2bc
=
b
2
2
a
2
sin
1
b
a
+b
_
a
2
b
2
.
The special-case lune of Hippocrates species a lune where the triangle formed by the origin
and the intersections of the two circles is a right isosceles triangle. For this lune, b =
2
2
a
by the Pythagorean theorem and sin
1
b
a
is

4
. Substituting these values above yields the
well-known result that the area of the lune of Hippocrates is the same as the area of the right
isosceles triangle that denes it, or
1
2
a
2
.
7.6 Partial Fractions
1. Write
x 1
x
2
+x
=
x 1
x(x + 1)
=
A
x
+
B
x + 1
.
2. Write
9x 8
(x 3)(2x 5)
=
A
x 3
+
B
2x 5
.
3. Write
x
3
(x 1)(x + 2)
3
=
A
x 1
+
B
x + 2
+
C
(x + 2)
2
+
D
(x + 2)
3
.
4. Write
2x
2
3
x
3
+ 6x
2
=
2x
2
3
x
2
(x + 6)
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x + 6
.
5. Write
4
x
3
(x
2
+ 3)
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x
3
+
Dx +E
x
2
+ 3
.
6. Write
x
2
+ 3x + 7
(x + 2)
2
(x
2
+x + 1)
=
A
x + 2
+
B
(x + 2)
2
+
Cx +D
x
2
+x + 1
.
7. Write
2x
3
x
(x
2
+ 9)
2
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 9
+
Cx +D
(x
2
+ 9)
2
.
8.
3x
2
x + 4
x
4
+ 2x
3
+x
=
3x
2
x + 4
x(x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 1)
.
This expression does not fall under any of the four partial fraction decomposition cases covered
in Section 7.6.
9. Write
1
x(x 2)
=
A
x
+
B
x 2
. Then 1 = A(x 2) +Bx.
Setting x = 0 and x = 2 gives A = 1/2 and B = 1/2. Thus
_
1
x(x 2)
dx =
1
2
_
1
x
dx +
1
2
_
1
x 2
dx
=
1
2
ln|x| +
1
2
ln|x 2| +C =
1
2
ln
x 2
x
+C.
10. Write
1
x(2x + 3)
=
A
x
+
B
2x + 3
. Then 1 = A(2x + 3) +Bx.
Setting x = 0 and x = 3/2 gives A = 1/3 and B = 2/3. Thus
_
1
x(2x + 3)
dx =
1
3
_
1
x
dx
2
3
_
1
2x + 3
dx
=
1
3
ln|x|
1
3
ln|2x + 3| +C =
1
3
ln
x
2x + 3
+C.
7.6. PARTIAL FRACTIONS 461
11. Write
x + 2
2x
2
x
=
x + 2
x(2x 1)
=
A
x
+
B
2x 1
. Then x + 2 = A(2x 1) +Bx.
Setting x = 0 and x = 1/2 gives A = 2 and B = 5. Thus
_
x + 2
2x
2
x
dx = 2
_
1
x
dx + 5
_
1
2x 1
dx = 2 ln|x| +
5
2
ln|2x 1| +C.
12. Write
3x + 10
x
2
+ 2x
=
A
x
+
B
x + 2
. Then 3x + 10 = A(x + 2) +Bx.
Setting x = 0 and x = 2 gives A = 5 and B = 2. Thus
_
3x + 10
x
2
+ 2x
dx = 5
_
1
x
dx +2
_
1
x + 2
dx = 5 ln|x| 2 ln|x + 2| +C.
13. Write
x + 1
x
2
16
=
A
x + 4
+
B
x 4
. Then x + 1 = A(x 4) +B(x + 4).
Setting x = 4 and x = 4 gives A = 3/8 and B = 5/8. Thus
_
x + 1
x
2
16
dx =
3
8
_
1
x + 4
dx +
5
8
_
1
x 4
dx =
3
8
ln|x + 4| +
5
8
ln|x 4| +C.
14. Write
1
4x
2
25
=
A
2x + 5
+
B
2x 5
. Then 1 = A(2x 5) +B(2x + 5).
Setting x = 5/2 and x = 5/2 gives A = 1/10 and B = 1/10. Thus
_
1
4x
2
25
dx =
1
10
_
1
2x + 5
dx +
1
10
_
1
2x 5
dx
=
1
20
ln|2x + 5| +
1
20
ln|2x 5| +C =
1
20
ln
2x 5
2x + 5
+C.
15. Write
x
2x
2
+ 5x + 2
=
A
2x + 1
+
B
x + 2
.
Then x = A(x + 2) +B(2x + 1).
Setting x = 1/2 and x = 2 gives A = 1/3 and B = 2/3. Thus
_
x
2x
2
+ 5x + 2
dx =
1
3
_
1
2x + 1
dx +
2
3
_
1
x + 2
dx =
1
6
ln|2x + 1| +
2
3
ln|x + 2| +C.
16. Write
x + 5
(x + 4)(x
2
1)
=
A
x + 4
+
B
x 1
+
C
x + 1
.
Then x + 5 = A(x
2
1) +B(x + 4)(x + 1) +C(x + 4)(x 1).
Setting x = 4, x = 1, and x = 1 gives A = 1/15, B = 3/5, and C = 2/3. Thus
_
x + 5
(x + 4)(x
2
1)
dx =
1
15
_
1
x + 4
dx +
3
5
_
1
x 1
dx
2
3
_
1
x + 1
dx
=
1
15
ln|x + 4| +
3
5
ln|x 1|
2
3
ln|x + 1| +C.
17. Write
x
2
+ 2x + 6
x
3
x
=
A
x
+
B
x 1
+
C
x + 1
.
Then x
2
+ 2x 6 = A(x
2
1) +B(x
2
+x) +C(x
2
x).
Setting x = 0, x = 1, and x = 1 gives A = 6, B = 3/2, and C = 7/2. Thus
_
x
2
+ 2x 6
x
3
x
dx = 6
_
1
x
dx
3
2
_
1
x 1
dx
7
2
_
1
x + 1
dx
= 6 ln|x|
3
2
ln|x 1|
7
2
ln|x + 1| +C.
18. Write
5x
2
x + 1
x
3
4x
=
A
x
+
B
x 2
+
C
x + 2
.
Then 5x
2
x + 1 = A(x
2
4) +B(x
2
+ 2x) +C(x
2
2x).
_
5x
2
x + 1
x
3
4x
dx =
1
4
_
1
x
dx +
19
8
_
1
x 2
dx +
23
8
_
1
x + 2
dx
=
1
4
ln|x| +
19
8
ln|x 2|
23
8
ln|x + 2| +C.
19. Write
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
=
A
x + 1
+
B
x + 2
+
C
x + 3
.
Then 1 = A(x + 2)(x + 3) +B(x + 1)(x + 3) +C(x + 1)(x + 2).
Setting x = 1, x = 2, and x = 3 gives A = 1/2, B = 1, and C = 1/2. Thus
_
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
dx =
1
2
_
1
x + 1
dx
_
1
x + 2
dx +
1
2
_
1
x + 3
dx
=
1
2
ln|x + 1| ln|x + 2| +
1
2
ln|x + 3| +C.
20. Write
1
(4x
2
1)(x + 7)
=
A
2x 1
+
B
2x + 1
+
C
x + 7
.
Then 1 = A(2x + 1)(x + 7) +B(2x 1)(x + 7) +C(4x
2
1).
Setting x = 1/2, x = 1/2, and x = 7 gives A = 1/15, B = 1/13, and C = 1/195. Thus
_
1
(4x
2
1)(x + 7)
dx =
1
15
_
1
2x 1
dx
1
13
_
1
2x + 1
dx +
1
195
_
1
x + 7
dx
=
1
30
ln|2x 1|
1
26
ln|2x + 1| +
1
195
ln|x + 7| +C.
21. Write
4t
2
+ 3t 1
t
3
t
2
=
A
t
+
B
t
2
+
C
t 1
.
Then 4t
2
+ 3t 1 = A(t
2
t) +B(t 1) +Ct
2
= (A+C)t
2
+ (A+B)t B.
Solving A+C = 4 A+B = 3 B = 1
gives A = 2, B = 1, and C = 6. Thus
_
4t
2
+ 3t 1
t
3
t
2
dt = 2
_
1
t
dt +
_
1
t
2
dt + 6
_
1
t 1
dt = 2 ln|t|
1
t
+ 6 ln|t 1| +C.
22. Write
2x 11
x
3
+ 2x
2
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x + 2
.
Then 2x 11 = A(x
2
+ 2x) +B(x + 2) +Cx
2
= (A+C)x
2
+ (2A+B)x + 2B.
Solving A+C = 0 2A+B = 2 2B = 11
gives A = 15/4, B = 11/2, and C = 15/4. Thus
_
2x 11
x
3
+ 2x
2
dx =
15
4
_
1
x
dx
11
2
_
1
x
2
dx
15
4
_
1
x + 2
dx
=
15
4
ln|x| +
11
2
x
1
15
4
ln|x + 2| +C.
23. Write
1
x
3
+ 2x
2
+x
=
A
x
+
B
x + 1
+
C
(x + 1)
2
.
Then 1 = A(x + 1)
2
+B(x
2
+x) +Cx = (A+B)x
2
+ (2A+B +C)x +A.
Solving A+B = 0 2A+B +C = 0 A = 1
_
1
x
3
+ 2x
2
+x
dx =
_
1
x
dx
_
1
x + 1
dx
_
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
= ln|x| ln|x + 1| +
1
x + 1
+C.
24. Write
t 1
t
4
+ 6t
3
+ 9t
2
=
A
t
+
B
t
2
+
C
t + 3
+
D
(t + 3)
2
.
Then t 1 = At(t + 3)
2
+B(t + 3)
2
+Ct
2
(t + 3) +Dt
2
= (A+C)t
3
+ (6A+B + 3C +D)t
2
+ (9A+ 6B)t + 9B.
Solving A+C = 0 6A+B + 3C +D = 0
9A+ 6B = 1 9B = 1
gives A = 5/27, B = 1/9, C = 5/27, and D = 4/9. Thus
_
t 1
t
4
+ 6t
3
+ 9t
2
dt =
5
27
_
1
t
dt
1
9
_
1
t
2
dt
5
27
_
1
t + 3
dt
4
9
_
1
(t + 3)
2
dt
=
5
27
ln|t| +
1
9
t
1
5
27
ln|t + 3| +
4
9
(t + 3)
1
+C.
25.
_
2x 1
(x + 1)
3
dx =
_
2(x + 1) 3
(x + 1)
3
dx =
_
2
(x + 1)
2
dx
_
3
(x + 1)
3
dx
=
2
x + 1
+
3
2
_
1
(x + 1)
2
_
+C =
3
2(x + 1)
2

2
x + 1
+C
26. Write
1
x
2
(x
2
4)
2
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x 2
+
D
(x 2)
2
+
E
x + 2
+
F
(x + 2)
2
.
Then 1 = Ax(x
2
4)
2
+B(x
2
4)
2
+Cx
2
(x 2)(x + 2)
2
+Dx
2
(x + 2)
2
+Ex
2
(x 2)
2
(x + 2) +Fx
2
(x 2)
2
= (A+C +E)x
5
+ (B + 2C +D 2E +F)x
4
+ (8A4C + 4D 4E 4F)x
3
+ (8B 8C + 4D + 8E + 4F)x
2
+ 16Ax + 16B.
Solving A+C +E = 0 B + 2C +D 2E +F = 0
8A4C + 4D 4E 4F = 0 8B 8C + 4D + 8E + 4F = 0
16A = 0 16B = 1
gives A = 0, B = 1/16, C = 3/128, D = 1/64, E = 3/128, and F = 1/64. Thus
_
1
x
2
(x
2
4)
2
dx =
1
16
_
1
x
2
dx
3
128
_
1
x 2
dx
1
64
_
1
(x 2)
2
dx
+
3
128
_
1
x + 2
dx +
1
64
_
1
(x + 2)
2
dx
=
1
16
x
1
3
128
ln|x 2|
1
64
(x 2)
1
+
3
128
ln|x + 2|
1
64
(x + 2)
1
+C.
27. Write
1
(x
2
+ 6x + 5)
2
=
A
x + 1
+
B
(x + 1)
2
+
C
x + 5
+
D
(x + 5)
2
.
Then 1 = A(x + 1)(x + 5)
2
+B(x + 5)
2
+C(x + 5)(x + 1)
2
+D(x + 1)
2
= (A+C)x
3
+ (11A+B + 7C +D)x
2
+ (35A+ 10B + 11C + 2D)x
+ 25A+ 25B + 5C +D.
Solving A+C = 0 11A+B + 7C +D = 0
35A+ 10B + 11C + 2D = 0 25A+ 25B + 5C +D = 1
_
1
(x
2
+ 6x + 5)
2
dx =
1
32
_
1
x + 1
dx +
1
16
_
1
(x + 1)
2
dx +
1
32
_
1
x + 5
dx
+
1
16
_
1
(x + 5)
2
dx
=
1
32
ln|x + 1|
1
16
_
1
x + 1
_
+
1
32
ln|x + 5|
1
16
_
1
x + 5
_
+C.
28. Write
1
(x
2
x 6)(x
2
2x 8)
=
A
x 4
+
B
x 3
+
C
x + 2
+
D
(x + 2)
2
.
Then 1 = A(x 3)(x + 2)
2
+B(x 4)(x + 2)
2
+C(x 4)(x 3)(x + 2) +D(x 4)(x 3)
= (A+B +C)x
3
+ (A5C +D)x
2
+ (8A12B 2C 7D)x
+ (12A16B + 24C + 12D).
Solving A+B +C = 0 A5C +D = 0
8A12B 2C 7D = 0 12A16B + 24C + 12D = 1
gives A = 1/36, B = 1/25, C = 11/900, and D = 1/30. (Note that A and B can be easily
obtained by substituting x = 4 and x = 3, respectively, in the initial equation.) Thus
_
1
(x
2
x 6)(x
2
2x 8)
dx =
1
36
_
1
x 4
dx
1
25
_
1
x 3
dx +
11
900
_
1
x + 2
dx
+
1
30
_
1
(x + 2)
2
dx
=
1
36
ln|x 4|
1
25
ln|x 3| +
11
900
ln|x + 2|
1
30
(x + 2)
1
+C.
29. Write
x
4
+ 2x
2
x + 9
x
5
+ 2x
4
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x
3
+
D
x
4
+
E
x + 2
.
Then x
4
+ 2x
2
x + 9 = Ax
3
(x + 2) +Bx
2
(x + 2) +Cx(x + 2) +D(x + 2) +Ex
4
= (A+E)x
4
+ (2A+B)x
3
+ (2B +C)x
2
+ (2C +D)x + 2D.
Solving A+E = 1 2A+B = 0 2B +C = 2
2C +D = 1 2D = 9
gives A = 19/16, B = 19/8, C = 11/4, D = 9/2, and E = 35/16. Thus
_
x
4
+ 2x
2
x + 9
x
5
+ 2x
4
dx =
19
16
_
1
x
dx +
19
8
_
1
x
2
dx
11
4
_
1
x
3
dx
+
9
2
_
1
x
4
dx +
35
16
_
1
x + 2
dx
=
19
16
ln|x|
19
8
_
1
x
_
+
11
8
_
1
x
2
_
3
2
_
1
x
3
_
+
35
16
ln|x + 2| +C.
30. Write
5x 1
x(x 3)
2
(x + 2)
2
=
A
x
+
B
x 3
+
C
(x 3)
2
+
D
x + 2
+
E
(x + 2)
2
.
Then 5x 1 = A(x 3)
2
(x + 2)
2
+Bx(x 3)(x + 2)
2
+Cx(x + 2)
2
+Dx(x 3)
2
(x + 2) +Ex(x 3)
2
= (A+B +D)x
4
+ (2A+B +C + 4D +E)x
3
+ (11A8B + 4C 3D 6E)x
2
+ (12A12B + 4C + 18D + 9E)x
+ 36A.
Solving A+B +D = 0 2A+B +C 4D +E = 0
11A8B + 4C 3D 6E = 0 12A12B + 4C + 18D + 9E = 5
36A = 1
_
5x 1
x(x 3)
2
(x + 2)
2
dx =
1
36
_
1
x
dx
79
1125
_
1
x 3
dx +
14
75
_
1
(x 3)
2
dx
+
49
500
_
1
x + 2
dx +
11
50
_
1
(x + 2)
2
dx
=
1
36
ln|x|
79
1125
ln|x 3|
14
75
(x 3)
1
+
49
500
ln|x + 2|
11
50
(x + 2)
1
+C.
31. Write
x 1
x(x
2
+ 1)
=
A
x
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 1
.
Then x 1 = A(x
2
+ 1) + (Bx +C)x = (A+B)x
2
+Cx +A.
Solving A+B = 0 C = 1 A = 1
_
x 1
x(x
2
+ 1)
dx =
_
1
x
dx +
_
x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
_
1
x
2
+ 1
dx
= ln|x| +
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 1) + tan
1
x +C.
32. Write
1
(x 1)(x
2
+ 3)
=
A
x 1
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 3
.
Then 1 = A(x
2
+ 3) + (Bx +C)(x 1) = (A+B)x
2
+ (B +C)x + (3AC).
Solving A+B = 0 B +C = 0 3AC = 1
_
1
(x 1)(x
2
+ 3)
dx =
1
4
_
1
x 1
dx
1
4
_
x
x
2
+ 3
dx
1
4
_
1
x
2
+ 3
dx
=
1
4
ln|x 1|
1
8
ln(x
2
+ 3)
1
4
3
tan
1
x
3
+C.
33. Write
x
(x + 1)
2
(x
2
+ 1)
=
A
x + 1
+
B
(x + 1)
2
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 1
.
Then x = A(x + 1)(x
2
+ 1) +B(x
2
+ 1) + (Cx +D)(x + 1)
2
= (A+C)x
3
+ (A+B + 2C +D)x
2
+ (A+C + 2D)x + (A+B +D).
Solving A+C = 0 A+B + 2C +D = 0
A+C + 2D = 1 A+B +D = 0
gives A = 0, B = 1/2, C = 0, and D = 1/2. Thus
_
x
(x + 1)
2
(x
2
+ 1)
dx =
1
2
_
1
(x + 1)
2
dx +
1
2
_
1
x
2
+ 1
dx =
1
2
_
1
x + 1
_
+
1
2
tan
1
x +C.
34. Write
x
2
(x 1)
3
(x
2
+ 4)
=
A
x 1
+
B
(x 1)
2
+
C
(x 1)
3
+
Dx +E
x
2
+ 4
.
Then x
2
= A(x 1)
2
(x
2
+ 4) +B(x 1)(x
2
+ 4) +C(x
2
+ 4) + (Dx +E)(x 1)
3
= (A+D)x
4
+ (2A+B 3D +E)x
3
+ (5AB +C + 3D 3E)x
2
+ (8A+ 4B D + 3E)x + (4A4B + 4C E).
Solving A+D = 0 2A+B 3D +E = 0
5AB +C + 3D 3E = 1 8A+ 4B D + 3E = 0
4A4B + 4C E = 0
_
x
2
(x 1)
3
(x
2
+ 4)
dx =
4
125
_
1
x 1
dx +
8
25
_
1
(x 1)
2
dx +
1
5
_
1
(x 1)
3
dx
4
125
_
x
x
2
+ 4
dx
44
125
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx
=
4
125
ln|x 1|
8
25
(x 1)
1
1
10
(x 1)
2
2
125
ln(x
2
+ 4)
22
125
tan
1
x
2
+C.
35. Write
1
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 4
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 1
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 4
.
Then 1 = (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 4) + (Cx +D)(x
2
+ 1)
= (A+C)x
3
+ (B +D)x
2
+ (4A+C)x + (4B +D).
Solving A+C = 0 B +D = 0 4A+C = 0 4B +D = 1
_
1
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
3
_
1
x
2
+ 1
dx
1
3
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
3
tan
1
x
1
6
tan
1
x
2
+C.
36. Write
1
x
4
+ 13x
2
+ 36
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 9
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 4
.
Then 1 = (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 4) + (Cx +D)(x
2
+ 9)
= (A+C)x
3
+ (B +D)x
2
+ (4A+ 9C)x + (4B + 9D).
Solving A+C = 0 B +D = 0 4A+ 9C = 0 4B + 9D = 1
_
1
x
4
+ 13x
2
+ 36
dx =
1
5
_
1
x
2
+ 9
dx +
1
5
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
15
tan
1
x
3
+
1
10
tan
1
x
2
+C.
37. Write
1
x
3
1
=
A
x 1
+
Bx +C
x
2
+x + 1
.
Then 1 = A(x
2
+x + 1) + (Bx +C)(x 1) = (A+B)x
2
+ (AB +C)x + (AC).
Solving A+B = 0 AB +C = 0 AC = 1
_
1
x
3
1
dx =
1
3
_
1
x 1
dx
1
6
_
2x + 4
x
2
+x + 1
dx
=
1
3
ln|x 1|
1
6
_
2x + 1
x
2
+x + 1
dx
1
2
_
1
x
2
+x + 1
dx
=
1
3
ln|x 1|
1
6
ln|x
2
+x + 1|
1
2
_
1
(x + 1/2)
2
+ 3/4
dx
=
1
3
ln|x 1|
1
6
ln|x
2
+x + 1|
1
3
tan
1
2x + 1
3
+C.
38. Write
81
x
4
+ 27x
=
A
x
+
B
x + 3
+
Cx +D
x
2
3x + 9
.
Then 81 = A(x
3
+ 27) +B(x
3
3x
2
+ 9x) + (Cx +D)(x
2
+ 3x)
= (A+B +C)x
3
+ (3B + 3C +D)x
2
+ (9B + 3D)x + 27A.
Solving A+B +C = 0 3B + 3C +D = 0
9B + 3D = 0 27A = 81
gives A = 3, B = 1, C = 2, and D = 3. Thus
_
81
x
4
+ 27x
dx = 3
_
1
x
dx
_
1
x + 3
dx
_
2x 3
x
2
3x + 9
dx
= 3 ln|x| ln|x + 3| ln|x
2
3x + 9| +C = ln
x
3
x
3
+ 27
+C.
39. Write
3x
2
x + 1
(x + 1)(x
2
+ 2x + 2)
=
A
x + 1
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 2x + 2
.
Then 3x
2
x + 1 = A(x
2
+ 2x + 2) + (Bx +C)(x + 1)
= (A+B)x
2
+ (2A+B +C)x + (2A+C).
Solving A+B = 3 2A+B +C = 1 2A+C = 1
_
3x
2
x + 1
(x + 1)(x
2
+ 2x + 2)
dx = 5
_
1
x + 1
dx
_
2x + 9
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx
= 5 ln|x + 1|
_
2x + 2
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx
_
7
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx
= 5 ln|x + 1| ln|x
2
+ 2x + 2|
_
7
(x + 1)
2
+ 1
dx
= 5 ln|x + 1| ln|x
2
+ 2x + 2| 7 tan
1
(x + 1) +C.
40. Write
4x + 12
(x 2)(x
2
+ 4x + 8)
=
A
x 2
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 4x + 8
.
Then 4x + 12 = A(x
2
+ 4x + 8) + (Bx +C)(x 2)
= (A+B)x
2
+ (4A2B +C)x + (8A2C).
Solving A+B = 0 4A2B +C = 4 8A2C = 12
_
4x + 12
(x 2)(x
2
+ 4x + 8)
dx =
_
1
x 2
dx
_
x + 2
x
2
+ 4x + 8
dx
= ln|x 2|
1
2
_
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 8
dx
= ln|x 2|
1
2
ln|x
2
+ 4x + 8| +C.
41. Write
x
2
x + 4
(x
2
+ 4)
2
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 4
+
Cx +D
(x
2
+ 4)
2
.
Then x
2
x + 4 = (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 4) +Cx +D = Ax
3
+Bx
2
+ (4A+C)x + (4B +D).
Solving A = 0 B = 1 4A+C = 1 4B +D = 4
_
x
2
x + 4
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx =
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx
_
x
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx =
1
2
tan
1
x
2
+
1
2
_
1
x
2
+ 4
_
+C
42. Write
1
x
3
(x
2
+ 1)
2
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x
3
+
Dx +E
x
2
+ 1
+
Fx +G
(x
2
+ 1)
2
.
Then 1 = Ax
2
(x
2
+ 1)
2
+Bx(x
2
+ 1)
2
+C(x
2
+ 1)
2
+ (Dx +E)x
3
(x
2
+ 1) + (Fx +G)x
3
= (A+D)x
6
+ (B +E)x
5
+ (2A+C +D +F)x
4
+ (2B +E +G)x
3
+ (A+ 2C)x
2
+Bx +C.
Solving A+D = 0 B +E = 0 2A+C +D +F = 0
2B +E +G = 0 A+ 2C = 0 B = 0 C = 1
gives A = 2, B = 0, C = 1, D = 2, E = 0, F = 1, and G = 0. Thus
_
1
x
3
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx = 2
_
1
x
dx +
_
1
x
3
dx +
_
2x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
1
2
_
2x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx
= 2 ln|x|
1
2
x
2
+ ln(x
2
+ 1)
1
2
(x
2
+ 1)
1
+C.
43. For this and possibly later problems, we will encounter
_
cos
2
d. Using Example 12 of
Section 5.2 in the text, we have
_
cos
2
d =
1
2
+
1
4
sin2 +C =
1
2
+
1
2
sin cos +C.
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
Write
x
3
2x
2
+x 3
x
4
+ 8x
2
+ 16
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 4
+
Cx +D
(x
2
+ 4)
2
.
Then x
3
2x
2
+x 3 = (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 4) +Cx +D
= Ax
3
+Bx
2
+ (4A+C)x + (4B +D).
Solving A = 1 B = 2 4A+C = 1 4B +D = 3
_
x
3
2x
2
+x 3
x
4
+ 8x
2
+ 16
dx =
_
x
x
2
+ 4
dx 2
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx 3
_
x
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx
+ 5
_
1
(x
2
+ 4)
2
2
d
=
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4) tan
1
x
2
+
3
2
_
1
x
2
+ 4
_
+ 5
_
2 sec
2
(4 tan
2
+ 4)
2
d
=
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4) tan
1
x
2
+
3
2(x
2
+ 4)
+
5
8
_
cos
2
d
=
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4) tan
1
x
2
+
3
2(x
2
+ 4)
+
5
16
+
5
16
sin cos +C
=
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4) tan
1
x
2
+
3
2(x
2
+ 4)
+
5
16
tan
1
x
2
+
5
8
_
x
x
2
+ 4
_
+C
=
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4)
11
6
tan
1
x
2
+
5x + 12
8(x
2
+ 4)
+C.
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
x
2
(x
2
+ 3)
2
dx =
1
x
2
+ 3
dx 3
1
(x
2
+ 3)
2
dx x =
3 tan, dx =
3 sec
2
d
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3
3

3 sec
2
(3 tan
2
+ 3)
2
d =
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
cos
2
d
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
3

1
2
3
sin cos +C
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
x
x
2
+ 3
+C
=
1
2
3
tan
1
x
3

x
2x
2
+ 6
+C
3 +x
2
45. Write
x
4
+ 3x
2
+ 4
(x + 1)
2
= x
2
2x + 6
10x + 2
(x + 1)
2
= x
2
2x + 6
10(x + 1) 8
(x + 1)
2
.
Then
x
4
+ 3x
2
+ 4
(x + 1)
2
dx =
(x
2
2x + 6) dx 10
1
x + 1
dx + 8
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
=
1
3
x
3
x
2
+ 6x 10 ln|x + 1|
8
x + 1
+C.
46. Write
x
5
10x
3
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
= x
9x
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
= x
A
x 1
+
B
x + 1
+
C
x 3
+
D
x + 3
.
Then 9x = A(x + 1)(x
2
9) +B(x 1)(x
2
9) +C(x + 3)(x
2
1) +D(x 3)(x
2
1).
Setting x = 1, x = 1, x = 3, and x = 3 gives A = 9/16, B = 9/16, C = 9/16, and
D = 9/16. Thus
x
5
10x
3
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
dx =
xdx
9
16
1
x 1
dx
9
16
1
x + 1
dx +
9
16
1
x 3
dx
+
9
16
1
x + 3
dx
=
1
x
2
+
9
16
ln|x 1| +
9
16
ln|x + 1|
9
16
ln|x 3|
9
16
ln|x + 3| +C
=
1
2
x
2
+
9
16
ln
x
2
1
x
2
9
+C.
47. Write
1
x
2
6x + 5
=
A
x 1
+
B
x 5
.
44. Write
x
2
(x
2
+ 3)
2
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 3
+
Cx +D
(x
2
+ 3)
2
.
Then x
2
= (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 3) +Cx +D
= Ax
3
+Bx
2
+ (3A+C)x + (3B +D).
Solving A = 0 B = 1 3A+C = 0 3B +D = 0
_
x
2
(x
2
+ 3)
2
dx =
_
1
x
2
+ 3
dx 3
_
1
(x
2
+ 3)
2
dx x =
3 tan, dx =
3 sec
2
d
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3
3
_

3 sec
2
(3 tan
2
+ 3)
2
d =
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
3
_
cos
2
d
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
3

1
2
3
sin cos +C
=
1
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
3
tan
1
x
3

1
2
_
x
x
2
+ 3
_
+C
=
1
2
3
tan
1
x
3

x
2x
2
+ 6
+C
45. Write
x
4
+ 3x
2
+ 4
(x + 1)
2
= x
2
2x + 6
10x + 2
(x + 1)
2
= x
2
2x + 6
10(x + 1) 8
(x + 1)
2
.
Then
_
x
4
+ 3x
2
+ 4
(x + 1)
2
dx =
_
(x
2
2x + 6) dx 10
_
1
x + 1
dx + 8
_
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
=
1
3
x
3
x
2
+ 6x 10 ln|x + 1|
8
x + 1
+C.
46. Write
x
5
10x
3
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
= x
9x
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
= x
_
A
x 1
+
B
x + 1
+
C
x 3
+
D
x + 3
_
.
Then 9x = A(x + 1)(x
2
9) +B(x 1)(x
2
9) +C(x + 3)(x
2
1) +D(x 3)(x
2
1).
Setting x = 1, x = 1, x = 3, and x = 3 gives A = 9/16, B = 9/16, C = 9/16, and
D = 9/16. Thus
_
x
5
10x
3
x
4
10x
2
+ 9
dx =
_
xdx
_
9
16
_
1
x 1
dx
9
16
_
1
x + 1
dx +
9
16
_
1
x 3
dx
+
9
16
_
1
x + 3
dx
_
=
1
x
2
+
9
16
ln|x 1| +
9
16
ln|x + 1|
9
16
ln|x 3|
9
16
ln|x + 3| +C
=
1
2
x
2
+
9
16
ln
x
2
1
x
2
9
+C.
47. Write
1
x
2
6x + 5
=
A
x 1
+
B
x 5
.
Then 1 = A(x 5) +B(x 1). Setting x = 1 and x = 5 gives A = 1/4 and B = 1/4. Thus
_
4
2
1
x
2
6x + 5
dx =
1
4
_
4
2
1
x 1
dx +
1
4
_
4
2
1
x 5
dx =
1
4
ln|x 1|
_
4
2
+
1
4
ln|x 5|
_
4
2
=
1
4
ln
x 5
x 1
_
4
2
=
1
4
_
ln
1
3
ln3
_
=
1
2
ln3.
48. Write
1
x
2
4
=
A
x 2
+
B
x + 2
.
Then 1 = A(x + 2) +B(x 2). Setting x = 2 and x = 2 gives A = 1/4 and B = 1/4.
Thus
_
1
0
1
x
2
4
dx =
1
4
_
1
0
1
x 2
dx
1
4
_
1
0
1
x + 2
dx =
1
4
ln|x 2|
_
1
0
1
4
ln|x + 2|
_
1
0
=
1
4
ln
x 2
x + 2
_
1
0
=
1
4
_
ln
1
3
ln1
_
=
1
4
ln3.
49.
_
2
0
2x 1
(x + 3)
2
dx =
_
2
0
2(x + 3) 7
(x + 3)
2
dx =
_
2
0
2
x + 3
dx 7
_
2
0
1
(x + 3)
2
dx
= 2 ln|x + 3|
_
2
0
+
7
x + 3
_
2
0
= 2(ln5 ln3) +
_
7
5

7
3
_
= 2 ln
5
3

14
15
50. Write
2x + 6
x(x + 1)
2
=
A
x
+
B
x + 1
+
C
(x + 1)
2
.
Then 2x + 6 = A(x + 1)
2
+B(x
2
+x) +Cx = (A+B)x
2
+ (2A+B +C)x +A.
Solving A+B = 0 2A+B +C = 2 A = 6
_
5
1
2x + 6
x(x + 1)
2
= 6
_
5
1
1
x
dx 6
_
5
1
1
x + 1
dx 4
_
5
1
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
= 6 ln|x|
_
5
1
6 ln|x + 1|
_
5
1
+
4
x + 1
_
5
1
= 6 ln
x
x + 1
_
5
1
+
4
x + 1
_
5
1
= 6
_
5
6
ln
1
2
_
+
_
4
6

4
2
_
= 6 ln
5
3

4
3
.
51. Write
1
x
3
+x
2
+ 2x + 2
=
A
x + 1
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 2
.
Then 1 = A(x
2
+ 2) + (Bx +C)(x + 1) = (A+B)x
2
+ (B +C)x + (2A+C).
Solving A+B = 0 B +C = 0 2A+C = 1
_
1
0
1
x
3
+x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx =
1
3
_
1
0
1
x + 1
dx
1
6
_
1
0
2x
x
2
+ 2
dx +
1
3
_
1
0
1
x
2
+ 2
dx
=
1
3
ln|x + 1|
_
1
0
+
1
6
ln(x
2
+ 2)
_
1
0
+
1
3
2
tan
1
x
2
_
1
0
=
1
3
ln2
1
6
(ln3 ln2) +
1
3
2
tan
1
1
2
=
1
6
ln
8
3
+
1
3
2
tan
1
1
2
.
52.
_
1
0
x
2
x
4
+ 8x
2
+ 16
dx =
_
1
0
x
2
+ 4 4
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx =
_
1
0
1
x
2
+ 4
dx 4
_
1
0
1
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx
x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=
1
2
tan
1
x
2
_
1
0
4
_
tan
1
1/2
0
2 sec
2
(4 tan
2
+ 4)
2
d
44.
1/2
0
x
3
(1 + x
2
)
1/2
2
d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
(1 + tan
2
)
1/2
sec
2
d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
3
sec
2
sec
d =
tan
1
(1/2)
0
tan
2
tan sec d
=
tan
1
(1/2)
0
(sec
2
1) tan sec d
=
1
3
sec
3
sec
tan
1
(1/2)
0
=
1
3
[sec
3
(tan
1
1/2) 1] [sec(tan
1
1/2) 1]
=
1
3
5
8
1
5
2
1
=
16 7
5
24
TODO gure
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
1
2
=
1
2
tan
1
1
2

1
2
_
tan
1
1/2
0
cos
2
d
=
1
2
tan
1
1
2

1
2
_
1
2
+
1
2
sin cos
__
tan
1
1/2
0
=
1
2
tan
1
1
2

1
4
tan
1
1
2

1
4
_
1
5
__
2
5
_
=
1
4
tan
1
1
2

1
10
53.
_
1
1
2x
3
+ 5x
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 6
dx =
1
2
_
1
1
4x
3
+ 10x
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 6
dx =
1
2
ln|x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 6|
_
1
1
=
1
2
(ln12 ln12) = 0
54. Write
1
x
5
+ 4x
4
+ 5x
3
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x
3
+
Dx +E
x
2
+ 4x + 5
.
Then 1 = Ax
2
(x
2
+ 4x + 5) +Bx(x
2
+ 4x + 5) +C(x
2
+ 4x + 5) + (Dx +E)x
3
= (A+D)x
4
+ (4A+B +E)x
3
+ (5A+ 4B +C)x
2
+ (5B + 4C)x + 5C.
Solving A+D = 0 4A+B +E = 0 5A+ 4B +C = 0
5B + 4C = 0 5C = 1
_
2
1
1
x
5
+ 4x
4
+ 5x
3
dx =
11
125
_
2
1
1
x
dx
4
25
_
2
1
1
x
2
dx +
1
5
_
2
1
1
x
3
dx
11
250
_
2
1
2x + 4
x
2
+ 4x + 5
dx
2
125
_
2
1
1
(x + 2)
2
+ 1
dx
=
11
125
ln|x|
_
2
1
+
4
25
_
1
x
__
2
1
1
10
_
1
x
2
__
2
1
11
250
ln|x
2
+ 4x + 5|
_
2
1
2
125
tan
1
(x + 1)
_
2
1
=
11
125
ln2 +
4
25
_
1
2
1
_
1
10
_
1
4
1
_
11
250
(ln17 + ln10)
2
125
(tan
1
4 tan
1
3)
=
11
250
ln
40
17

1
200

2
125
(tan
1
4 tan
1
3).
55.
_

1 x
2
x
3
dx =
_

1 x
2
x
4
xdx u
2
= 1 x
2
, 2udu = 2xdx
=
_
u
(1 u
2
)
2
(udu) =
_
u
2
(1 u
2
)
2
du
Write
u
2
(1 u
2
)
2
=
A
1 u
+
B
(1 u)
2
+
C
1 +u
+
D
(1 +u)
2
.
Then u
2
= A(1 u)(1 +u)
2
+B(1 +u
2
) +C(1 +u)(1 u)
2
+D(1 u)
2
= (A+B +C +D) + (A+ 2B C 2D)u + (A+B C +D)u
2
+ (A+C)u
3
.
Solving A+B +C +D = 0 A+ 2B C 2D = 0
A+B C +D = 1 A+C = 0
_

1 x
2
x
3
dx =
_
u
2
(1 u
2
)
2
du
=
1
4
_
1
1 u
du
1
4
_
1
(1 u)
2
du +
1
4
_
1
1 +u
du
1
4
_
1
(1 +u)
2
du
=
1
4
ln|1 u|
1
4
_
1
1 u
_
+
1
4
ln|1 +u| +
1
4
_
1
1 +u
_
+C
=
1
4
ln
1 +u
1 u
1
2
_
u
1 u
2
_
+C =
1
4
ln
1 +
1 x
2
1
1 x
2
1
2
_
1 x
2
x
2
_
+C.
56.
_
_
x 1
x + 1
dx u
2
=
x 1
x + 1
, x =
1 +u
2
1 u
2
, dx =
4u
(u
2
1)
2
du
=
_
|u|
4u
(u
2
1)
2
du =
_
4u
2
(u
2
1)
2
du
Write
4u
2
(u
2
1)
2
=
A
u 1
+
B
(u 1)
2
+
C
u + 1
+
D
(u + 1)
2
. Then
4u
2
= A(u 1)(u + 1)
2
+B(u + 1)
2
+C(u 1)
2
(u + 1) +D(u 1)
2
= (A+C)u
3
+ (A+B C +D)u
2
+ (A+ 2B C 2D)u + (A+B +C +D).
Solving A+C = 0 A+B C +D = 4
A+ 2B C 2D = 0 A+B +C +D = 0
_
_
x 1
x + 1
dx =
_
1
u 1
du +
_
1
(u 1)
2
du
_
1
u + 1
du +
_
1
(u + 1)
2
du
= ln|u 1|
1
u 1
ln|u + 1|
1
u + 1
+C
= ln
_
x 1
x + 1
1
_
x 1
x + 1
+ 1
2
_
x 1
x + 1
x 1
x + 1
1
+C = ln
_
x
2
1 x
+
_
x
2
1 +C.
57.
_
3
x + 1
x
dx u
3
= x + 1, 3u
2
du = dx =
_
u
u
3
1
(3u
2
du)
= 3
_
u
3
1 + 1
u
3
1
du = 3
_
du + 3
_
1
u
3
1
du = 3u +
_
1
u
3
1
du
= 3u + ln|u 1|
1
2
ln|u
2
+u + 1|
3 tan
1
2u + 1
3
+C
= 3
3
x + 1 + ln|
3
x + 1 1|
1
2
ln
3
_
(x + 1)
2
+
3
x + 1 + 1
3 tan
1
2
3
x + 1 + 1
3
+C.
58.
_
1
x(1 +
3
x)
2
x = u
6
, dx = 6u
5
du
=
_
6u
5
u
3
(1 +u
2
)
2
du =
_
6u
2
(1 +u
2
)
2
du u = tan, du = sec
2
d
= 6
_
tan
2
(1 + tan
2
)
2
sec
2
d = 6
_
tan
2
sec
2
d = 6
_
sin
2
d
= 3
_
(1 cos 2) d = 3
3
2
sin2 +C = 3 3 sin cos +C
= 3 tan
1
u 3
u
1 +u
2
+C = 3 tan
1
x
1/6
3x
1/6
1 +x
1/3
+C
2 4
1
59. Write
1
x
2
+ 2x 3
=
A
x + 3
+
B
x 1
.
Then 1 = A(x 1) +B(x + 3). Setting x = 3
and x = 1 gives A = 1/4 and B = 1/4. Thus
Area =
1
4
_
4
2
1
x + 3
dx +
1
4
_
4
2
1
x 1
dx =
1
4
ln|x + 3|
_
4
2
+
1
4
ln|x 1|
_
4
2
=
1
4
ln
x 1
x + 3
_
4
2
=
1
4
_
ln
3
7
ln
1
5
_
=
1
4
ln
15
7
0.1905.
2 4
1
60. Write
x
3
(x
2
+ 1)(x
2
+ 2)
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 1
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 2
.
Then x
3
= (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 2) + (Cx +D)(x
2
+ 1)
= (A+C)x
3
+ (B +D)x
2
+ (2A+C)x + (2B +D).
Area =
_
4
0
x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
_
4
0
2x
x
2
+ 2
dx =
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 1)
_
4
0
+ ln(x
2
+ 2)
_
4
0
= ln
x
2
+ 2
x
2
+ 1
_
4
0
= ln
18
17
ln2 = ln
9
17
0.7806
-1 1
-1
1
61. Write
x
(x + 2)(x + 3)
=
A
x + 2
+
B
x + 3
. Then x = A(x + 3) +B(x + 2).
Setting x = 2 and x = 3 gives A = 2 and B = 3. Thus
Area =
_
0
1
_
2
x + 2
+
3
x + 3
_
dx +
_
1
0
_
2
x + 2
+
3
x + 3
_
dx
= (2 ln|x + 2| + 3 ln|x + 3|)
_
0
1
+ (2 ln|x + 2| + 3 ln|x + 3|)
_
1
0
= [(2 ln2 + 3 ln3) (2 ln1 + 3 ln2)] + [(2 ln3 + 3 ln4) (2 ln2 + 3 ln3)]
= 7 ln2 8 ln3 + 3 ln4 = ln
8192
6561
0.2220.
-2 -1 1
-1
1
2
62. Write
3x
3
x
3
8
= 3 +
24
x
3
8
= 3 + 24
_
A
x 2
+
Bx +C
x
2
+ 2x + 4
_
.
Then 1 = A(x
2
+ 2x + 4) + (Bx +C)(x 2)
= (A+B)x
2
+ (2A2B +C)x + (4A2C).
Solving A+B = 0 2A2B +C = 0 4A2C = 1
_
3x
3
x
3
8
dx =
_ _
3 + 24
_
1/12
x 2

x/12
x
2
+ 2x + 4

1/3
x
2
+ 2x + 4
__
dx
=
_ _
3 +
2
x 2

2x + 8
x
2
+ 2x + 4
_
dx
= 3
_
dx + 2
_
1
x 2
dx
_
1
x
2
+ 2x + 4
(2x + 2) dx 6
_
1
x
2
+ 2x + 4
dx
= 3x + 2 ln|x 2| ln|x
2
+ 2x + 4| 6
_
1
(x + 1)
2
+ 3
dx
= 3x + ln
x
2
4x + 4
x
2
+ 2x + 4
3 tan
1
x + 1
3
+C
Let g(x) =
_
3x
3
x
3
8
dx = 3x + ln
x
2
4x + 4
x
2
+ 2x + 4
3 tan
1
x + 1
3
. Then
Area =
_
0
2
3x
3
x
3
8
dx
_
1
0
3x
3
x
3
8
dx = g(x)
_
0
2
g(x)
_
1
0
= [g(0) g(2)] [g(1) g(0)]
=
__
0 + ln1 2
3 tan
1
1
3
_
_
6 + ln4 2
3 tan
1
1
3
__
__
3 + ln
1
7
2
3 tan
1
2
3
_
_
0 + ln1 2
3 tan
1
1
3
__
=
_
3
3
+ 6 ln4
3
3
_
_
3 ln7 2
3 tan
1
2
3
+
3
3
_
= 3 + ln
7
4

3 + 2
3 tan
1
2
3
1.0872.
3
1
63. V =
_
3
1
4
x
2
(x + 1)
2
dx
Write
4
x
2
(x + 1)
2
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x + 1
+
D
(x + 1)
2
.
Then 4 = Ax(x + 1)
2
+B(x + 1)
2
+Cx
2
(x + 1) +Dx
2
= (A+C)x
3
+ (2A+B +C +D)x
2
+ (A+ 2B)x +B.
Solving A+C = 0 2A+B +C +D = 0 A+ 2B = 0 B = 4
V =
_
8
_
3
1
1
x
dx + 4
_
3
1
1
x
2
dx + 8
_
3
1
1
x + 1
dx + 4
_
3
1
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
_
=
_
8 ln|x|
4
x
+ 8 ln|x + 1|
4
x + 1
__
3
1
=
_
8 ln
x + 1
x
8x + 4
x(x + 1)
_
3
1
=
__
8 ln
4
3

7
3
_
(8 ln2 6)
_
= 8 ln
2
3
+
11
3
1.3287.
2
1
64. V =
_
2
0
1
(x + 1)(x + 4)
dx
Write
1
(x + 1)(x + 4)
=
A
x + 1
+
B
x + 4
.
Then 1 = A(x + 4) +B(x + 1). Setting x = 1 and x = 4
gives A = 1/3 and B = 1/3. Thus
V =
_
1
3
_
2
0
1
x + 1
dx
1
3
_
2
0
1
x + 4
dx
_
=
_
1
3
ln|x + 1|
1
3
ln|x + 4|
__
2
0
=

3
ln
x + 1
x + 4
_
2
0
=

3
_
ln
1
2
ln
1
4
_
=

3
ln2 0.7259.
1
4
65. V = 2
_
1
0
4x
(x + 1)
2
dx = 8
_
1
0
x + 1 1
(x + 1)
2
dx
= 8
__
1
0
1
x + 1
dx
_
1
0
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
_
= 8
_
ln|x + 1| +
1
x + 1
__
1
0
= 8
__
ln2 +
1
2
_
(ln1 + 1)
_
= 8 ln2 4 4.8543
1
2
66. V = 2
_
1
0
8x
(x
2
+ 1)(x
2
+ 4)
dx
Write
8x
(x
2
+ 1)(x
2
+ 4)
=
Ax +B
x
2
+ 1
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 4
.
Then 8x = (Ax +B)(x
2
+ 4) + (Cx +D)(x
2
+ 1)
= (A+C)x
3
+ (B +D)x
2
+ (4A+C)x + (4B +D).
gives A = 8/3, B = 0, C = 8/3, and D = 0. Thus
V = 2
_
8
3
_
1
0
x
x
2
+ 1
dx
8
3
_
1
0
x
x
2
+ 4
dx
_
= 2
_
4
3
ln(x
2
+ 1)
4
3
ln(x
2
+ 4)
_
1
0
=
8
3
ln
x
2
+ 1
x
2
+ 4
_
1
0
=
8
3
_
ln
2
5
ln
1
4
_
=
8
3
ln
8
5
3.9375.
67.
_
cos x
sin
2
x + 3 sinx + 2
dx u = sinx, du = cos xdx =
_
1
u
2
+ 3u + 2
du
Write
1
(u + 1)(u + 2)
=
A
u + 1
+
B
u + 2
.
Then 1 = A(u + 2) +B(u + 1). Setting u = 1 and u = 2 gives A = 1 and B = 1. Thus
_
cos x
sin
2
x + 3 sinx + 2
dx =
_
1
u + 1
du
_
1
u + 2
du = ln|u + 1| ln|u + 2| +C
= ln
u + 1
u + 2
+C = ln
sinx + 1
sinx + 2
+C.
68.
_
sinx
cos
2
x cos
3
x
dx u = cos x, du = sinxdx =
_
1
u
2
u
3
du =
_
1
u
2
(u 1)
du
Write
1
u
2
(u 1)
=
A
u
+
B
u
2
+
C
u 1
.
Then 1 = A(u
2
u) +B(u 1) +Cu
2
= (A+C)u
2
+ (A+B)u B.
Solving A+C = 0 A+B = 0 B = 1
_
sinx
cos
2
x cos
3
x
dx =
_
1
u
du
_
1
u
2
du +
_
1
u 1
du = ln|u| +
1
u
+ ln|u 1| +C
= ln
u 1
u
+
1
u
+C = ln
cos x 1
cos x
+
1
cos x
+C
= ln|1 sec x| + sec x +C.
69.
_
e
t
(e
t
+ 1)
2
(e
t
2)
dt u = e
t
, du = e
t
dt =
_
1
(u + 1)
2
(u 2)
du
Write
1
(u + 1)
2
(u 2)
=
A
u + 1
+
B
(u + 1)
2
+
C
u 2
.
Then 1 = A(u + 1)(u 2) +B(u 2) +C(u + 1)
2
= (A+C)u
2
+ (A+B + 2C)u + (2A2B +C).
Solving A+C = 0 A+B + 2C = 0 2A2B +C = 1
_
e
t
(e
t
+ 1)
2
(e
t
2)
dt =
1
9
_
1
u + 1
du
1
3
_
1
(u + 1)
2
du +
1
9
_
1
u 2
du
=
1
9
ln|u + 1| +
1
3
_
1
u + 1
_
+
1
9
ln|u 2| +C
=
1
9
ln
e
t
2
e
t
+ 1
+
1
3(e
t
+ 1)
+C.
70.
_
e
2t
(e
t
+ 1)
3
dt =
_
e
t
(e
t
+ 1)
3
e
t
dt u = e
t
+ 1, du = e
t
dt =
_
u 1
u
3
du
=
_
(u
2
u
3
) du = u
1
+
1
2
u
2
+C =
1
2(e
t
+ 1)
2

1
e
t
+ 1
+C
71. y
= e
x
L =
_
ln 2
0
_
1 +e
2x
dx u
2
= 1 +e
2x
, 2udu = 2e
2x
dx, dx =
u
e
2x
du =
u
u
2
1
du
=
_

5
2
u
2
u
2
1
du =
_

5
2
_
1 +
1
u
2
1
_
du
Write
1
u
2
1
=
A
u 1
+
B
u + 1
.
Then 1 = A(u + 1) +B(u 1). Setting u = 1 and u = 1 gives A = 1/2 and B = 1/2.
Thus L =
_

5
2
du +
1
u
_

5
2
1
u 1
du
1
2
_

5
2
1
u + 1
du
=
_
u +
1
2
ln|u 1|
1
2
ln|u + 1|
__
2
=
_
u +
1
2
ln
u 1
u + 1
__
2
=
__
5 +
1
2
ln
5 1
5 + 1
_
2 +
1
2
ln
2 1
2 + 1
__
1.2220.
72. (a)
_
x
3
(x
2
1)(x
2
+ 1)
dx =
_
x
3
x
4
1
dx =
1
4
_
1
x
4
1
(4x
3
dx). Partial fraction decompo-
sition is unnecessary because the substitution u = x
4
1, du = 4x
3
dx will suce.
(b)
_
3x + 4
x
2
+ 4
dx =
3
2
_
1
x
2
+ 4
(2xdx) + 4
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx. Partial fraction decomposition is
unnecessary because the substitution u = x
2
+ 4, du = 2xdx will suce for the rst
term, while the second term corresponds to formula 24 in Table 7.1.1.
(c)
_
x
(x
2
+ 5)
2
dx =
1
2
_
1
(x
2
+ 5)
2
(2xdx). Partial fraction decomposition is unnecessary
because the substitution u = x
2
+ 5, du = 2xdx will suce.
(d)
_
2x
3
+ 5x
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 6
dx =
1
2
_
1
x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 6
(4x
3
+ 10xdx). Partial fraction decomposition
is unnecessary because the substitution u = x
4
+5x
2
+6, du = 4x
3
+10xdx will suce.
73. Rewrite the integral as
_
x
5
(x 1)
10
(x + 1)
10
dx =
_
x
5
(x
2
1)
10
dx =
_
x
4
(x
2
1)
10
(xdx)
then integrate using u = x
2
1, x
2
= u + 1,
1
2
u = xdx :
_
x
4
(x
2
1)
10
(xdx) =
1
2
_
(u + 1)
2
u
10
du =
1
2
_
u
2
+ 2u + 1
u
10
du
=
1
2
_
(u
8
+ 2u
9
+u
10
) du =
1
14
u
7
1
8
u
8
1
18
u
9
+C
=
1
14
(x
2
1)
7
1
8
(x
2
1)
8
1
18
(x
2
1)
9
+C
74. The integrand in Problem 53 is an odd function and its denite integral is symmetric about
the y-axis. Thus, the denite integrals value is known to be 0.
7.7 Improper Integrals
In this exercise set, the symbol
h
= is used to denote the fact that LHopitals Rule was applied to
obtain the equality.
1.
_

3
1
x
4
dx = lim
t
_
t
3
x
4
dx = lim
t
_
1
3
x
3
__
t
3
= lim
t
_
1
81

1
3t
3
_
=
1
81
2.
_
1
1
3
x
dx = lim
s
_
1
s
x
1/3
dx = lim
s
3
2
x
2/3
_
1
s
= lim
s
_
3
2

3
2
s
2/3
_
The integral diverges.
3.
_

1
1
x
0.99
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
x
0.99
dx = lim
t
x
0.01
0.01
_
t
1
= lim
t
_
t
0.01
0.01

1
0.01
_
7.7. IMPROPER INTEGRALS 481
4.
_

1
1
x
1.01
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
x
1.01
dx = lim
t
x
0.01
0.01
_
t
1
= lim
t
_
1
0.01

1
0.01t
0.01
_
= 100
5.
_
3
e
2x
dx = lim
s
_
3
s
e
2x
dx = lim
s
1
2
e
2x
_
3
s
= lim
s
_
1
2
e
6
1
2
e
2x
_
=
1
2
e
6
6.
_

e
x
dx =
_
0
e
x
dx +
_

0
e
x
dx
Since
_
0
e
x
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
e
x
dx = lim
s
(e
x
)
_
0
s
= lim
s
(e
s
1),
the integral diverges.
7.
_

1
lnx
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
lnx
x
dx = lim
t
1
2
(lnx)
2
_
t
1
= lim
t
_
1
2
(lnt)
2
0
_
8.
_

1
ln2
t
2
dt = lim
k
_
k
1
lnt
t
2
dt u = lnt, du =
1
t
dt; dv =
1
t
2
dt, v =
1
t
= lim
k
_
1
t
lnt
_
k
1
+
_
k
1
1
t
2
dt
_
= lim
k
_
0
1
k
lnk
1
t
_
k
1
_
= lim
k
_
1
1
k

1
k
lnk
_
= 1 lim
k
lnk
k
h
= 1 lim
k
1/k
1
= 1
9.
_

e
1
x(lnx)
3
dx = lim
t
_
t
e
(lnx)
3
1
x
dx = lim
t
_
1
2
(lnx)
2
_
t
e
= lim
t
_
1
2

1
2(lnt)
2
_
=
1
2
10.
_

e
lnxdx = lim
t
_
t
e
lnxdx = lim
t
(xlnx x)
_
t
e
= lim
t
(t lnt t e +e) = lim
t
lnt 1
1/t
The limit has the form /0, so the integral diverges.
11.
_

x
(x
2
+ 1)
3/2
dx =
_
0
x
(x
2
+ 1)
3/2
dx +
_

0
x
(x
2
+ 1)
3/2
dx
= lim
s
_
0
s
x
(x
2
+ 1)
3/2
dx + lim
t
_
t
0
x
(x
2
+ 1)
3/2
dx
= lim
s
[(x
2
+ 1)
1/2
]
_
0
s
+ lim
t
[(x
2
+ 1)
1/2
]
_
t
0
= lim
s
_
1 +
1
s
2
+ 1
_
+ lim
t
_
t
2
+ 1
+ 1
_
= 1 + 1 = 0
12.
_

x
1 +x
2
dx =
_
0
x
1 +x
2
dx +
_

0
x
1 +x
2
dx
Since
_
0
x
1 +x
2
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
x
1 +x
2
dx = lim
s
1
2
ln(1 +x
2
)
_
0
s
= lim
s
1
2
[ln1 ln(1 +s
2
)] =
1
2
lim
s
ln(1 +s
2
),
13.
_
0
x
(x
2
+ 9)
2
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
x
(x
2
+ 9)
2
dx = lim
s
_
1
2
(x
2
+ 9)
1
_
0
s
= lim
s
_
1
2
_
1
s
2
+ 9
_
1
18
_
=
1
18
14.
_

5
1
4
3x + 1
dx = lim
t
_
t
5
(3x + 1)
1/4
dx = lim
t
4
9
(3x + 1)
3/4
_
t
5
= lim
t
_
4
9
(3t + 1)
3/4
4
9
(8)
_
15.
_

2
ue
u
du = lim
t
_
t
2
ue
u
du = lim
t
(ue
u
e
u
)
_
t
2
= lim
t
(2e
2
+e
2
te
t
e
t
)
= 2e
2
+e
2
lim
t
t + 1
e
t
h
= 2e
2
+e
2
lim
t
1
e
t
= 2e
2
+e
2
= 3e
2
16.
_
3
x
3
x
4
+ 1
dx = lim
s
_
3
s
x
3
x
4
+ 1
dx = lim
s
1
4
ln(x
4
+ 1)
_
3
s
= lim
s
_
1
4
ln82
1
4
ln(s
4
+ 1)
_
17.
_

2/
sin(1/x)
x
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
2/
sin(1/x)
x
2
dx = lim
t
cos
1
x
_
t
2/
= lim
t
_
cos
1
t
cos

2
_
= 1
18.
_

te
t
2
dt =
_
0
te
t
2
dt +
_

0
te
t
2
dt = lim
s
_
0
s
te
t
2
dt + lim
r
_
r
0
te
t
2
dt
= lim
s
_
1
2
e
t
2
__
0
s
+ lim
r
_
1
2
e
t
2
__
r
0
= lim
s
_
1
2
e
s
2
1
2
_
+ lim
r
_
1
2

1
2
e
r
2
_
=
1
2
+
1
2
= 0
19.
_

1
1
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
(x + 1)
2
+ 1
dx = lim
t
tan
1
(x + 1)
_
t
1
= lim
t
[tan
1
(t + 1) 0] =

2
20.
_
0
1
x
2
+ 2x + 3
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
1
(x + 1)
2
+ 2
dx = lim
s
1
2
tan
1
x + 1
2
_
0
s
= lim
s
_
1
2
tan
1
1
2

1
2
tan
1
s + 1
2
_
=
1
2
tan
1
1
2
+

2
2
21.
_

0
e
x
sinxdx = lim
t
_
t
0
e
x
sinxdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
= lim
t
_
e
x
cos x
_
t
0
_
t
0
e
x
cos xdx
_
u = e
x
, du = e
x
= lim
t
_
1 e
t
cos t e
x
sinx
_
t
0
_
t
0
e
x
sinxdx
_
= lim
t
_
1 e
t
cos t e
t
sint
_
t
0
e
x
sinxdx
_
= 1
_

0
e
x
sinxdx
Solving for the integral,
_

0
e
x
sinxdx =
1
2
.
22.
_
0
e
x
cos 2xdx = lim
s
_
0
s
e
x
cos 2xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
2
sin2x
= lim
s
_
1
2
e
x
sin2x
_
0
s
1
2
_
0
s
e
x
sin2xdx
_
u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
2
cos 2x
=
1
2
lim
s
_
1
2
e
x
cos 2x
_
0
s
+
1
2
_
0
s
e
x
cos 2xdx
_
=
1
2
_
1
2
0
_
1
4
_
0
e
x
cos 2xdx
_
0
e
x
cos 2xdx =
4
5
_
1
4
_
=
1
5
.
23.
_

1/2
x + 1
x
3
dx = lim
t
_
t
1/2
(x
2
+x
3
) dx = lim
t
_
x
1
1
2
x
2
__
t
1/2
= lim
t
_
2 + 2
1
t

1
2t
2
_
= 4
24.
_

0
(e
x
e
2x
)
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
(e
2x
2e
3x
+e
4x
) dx
= lim
t
_
1
2
e
2x
+
2
3
e
3x
1
4
e
4x
__
t
0
= lim
t
_
1
2
e
2t
+
2
3
e
3t
1
4
e
4t
+
1
2

2
3
+
1
4
_
=
1
12
25.
_

1
_
1
x

1
x + 1
_
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
_
1
x

1
x + 1
_
dx = lim
t
(ln|x| ln|x + 1|)
_
t
1
= lim
t
[lnt ln(t + 1) + ln2] = ln2 + lim
t
ln
t
t + 1
= ln2 + ln
_
lim
t
t
t + 1
_
h
= ln2 + ln
_
lim
t
1
1
_
= ln2 + ln1 = ln2
26.
_

3
_
1
x
+
1
x
2
+ 9
_
dx = lim
t
_
t
3
_
1
x
+
1
x
2
+ 9
_
dx = lim
t
_
ln|x| +
1
3
tan
1
x
3
__
t
3
= lim
t
_
lnt +
1
3
tan
1
t
3
ln3

12
_
27.
_

2
1
x
2
+ 6x + 5
dx = lim
t
_
t
2
1
(x + 1)(x + 5)
dx = lim
t
_
t
2
_
1/4
x + 1

1/4
x + 5
_
dx
= lim
t
_
1
4
ln|x + 1|
1
4
ln|x + 5|
__
t
2
= lim
t
1
4
ln
x + 1
x + 5
_
t
2
= lim
t
_
1
4
ln
t + 1
t + 5

1
4
ln
3
7
_
=
1
4
ln
_
lim
t
t + 1
t + 5
_
1
4
ln
3
7
h
=
1
4
ln
_
lim
t
1
1
_
1
4
ln
3
7
=
1
4
ln
3
7
=
1
4
ln
7
3
28.
_
0
1
x
2
3x + 2
dx =
_
0
_
1
x 2

1
x 1
_
dx = lim
s
(ln|x 2| ln|x 1|)
_
0
s
= lim
s
ln
x 2
x 1
_
0
s
= ln2 ln1 = ln2
29.
_
2
x
2
(x
3
+ 1)
2
dx = lim
s
_
2
s
1
3
_
3x
2
(x
3
+ 1)
2
_
dx = lim
s
_
1
3
_
1
x
3
+ 1
__
2
s
=
1
3
_
1
7
_
=
1
21
30.
_

0
1
e
x
+e
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
e
x
e
2x
+ 1
dx u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx = lim
t
_
e
t
1
1
u
2
+ 1
du
= lim
t
tan
1
u
_
e
t
1
= lim
t
_
tan
1
e
t

4
_
=

2

4
=

4
31.
_
5
0
1
x
dx = lim
s0
+
_
5
s
1
x
dx = lim
s0
+
ln|x|
_
5
s
= lim
s0
+
(ln5 lns). The integral diverges.
32.
_
8
0
1
x
2/3
dx = lim
s0
+
_
8
s
x
2/3
dx = lim
s0
+
3x
1/3
_
8
s
= lim
s0
+
(6 3s
1/3
) = 6
33.
_
1
0
1
x
0.99
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
0.99
dx = lim
s0
+
100x
0.01
_
1
s
= lim
s0
+
(100 100s
0.01
) = 100
34.
_
1
0
1
x
1.01
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
1.01
dx = lim
s0
+
(100x
0.01
)
_
1
s
= lim
s0
+
_
100
s
0.01
100
_
35.
_
2
0
1
2 x
dx = lim
t2
_
t
0
(2 x)
1/2
dx = lim
t2
[2(2 x)
1/2
]
_
t
0
= lim
t2
(2
2 2
2 t) = 2
2
36.
_
3
1
1
(x 1)
2
dx = lim
s1
+
_
3
s
(x 1)
2
dx = lim
s1
+
[(x 1)
1
]
_
3
s
= lim
s1
+
_
1
s 1

1
2
_
37.
_
1
1
1
x
5/3
dx = lim
t0
_
t
1
1
x
5/3
dx + lim
s0
+
_
1
s
1
x
5/3
dx
Since lim
t0
_
t
1
1
x
5/3
dx = lim
t0
3
2
x
2/3
__
t
1
= lim
t0
_
3
2

3
2t
2/3
_
, the integral diverges.
38.
_
2
0
1
3
x 1
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
(x 1)
1/3
dx + lim
s1
+
_
2
s
(x 1)
1/3
dx
= lim
t1
3
2
(x 1)
2/3
_
t
0
+ lim
s1
+
3
2
(x 1)
2/3
_
2
s
= lim
t1
_
3
2
(t 1)
2/3
3
2
_
+ lim
s1
+
_
3
2

3
2
(s 1)
2/3
_
=
3
2
+
3
2
= 0
39.
_
2
0
(x 1)
2/3
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
(x 1)
2/3
dx + lim
s1
+
_
2
s
(x 1)
2/3
dx
= lim
t1
3(x 1)
1/3
_
t
0
+ lim
s1
+
3(x 1)
1/3
_
2
s
= 3 + 3 = 6
40.
_
27
0
e
x
1/3
x
2/3
dx = lim
s0
+
_
27
s
x
2/3
e
x
1/3
dx u = x
1/3
, du =
1
3
x
2/3
dx
= lim
s0
+
_
3
s
1/3
3e
u
du = lim
s0
+
3e
u
_
3
s
1/3
= lim
s0
+
_
3e
3
3e
s
1/3
_
= 3e
3
3
41.
_
1
0
xlnxdx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
xlnxdx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2
x
2
lnx
_
1
s
_
1
s
1
2
xdx
_
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2
s
2
lnx
1
4
x
2
_
1
s
_
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2
s
2
lns
1
4
+
s
2
4
_
= lim
s0
+
_
lns
2/s
2
_
1
4
h
= lim
s0
+
1/s
4/s
3

1
4
= lim
s0
+
s
2
4

1
4
=
1
4
42.
_
e
1
1
xlnx
dx = lim
s1
+
_
e
s
1
lnx
_
1
x
dx
_
= lim
s1
+
ln(lnx)
_
e
s
= lim
s1
+
[0 ln(lns)]
43.
_
/2
0
tant dt = lim
k/2
_
k
0
tant dt = lim
k/2
lnsec t
_
k
0
= lim
k/2
lnsec k
44.
_
/4
0
sec
2
tan
d = lim
s0
+
_
/4
s
sec
2
tan
d u = tan, du = sec
2
d
= lim
s0
+
_
1
tan s
1
u
du = lim
s0
+
2
u
_
1
tan s
= lim
s0
+
(2 2
tans) = 2
45.
_

0
sinx
1 + cos x
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
sinx
1 + cos x
dx u = 1 + cos x, du = sinxdx
= lim
t
_
1+cos t
2
1
u
du = lim
t
(ln|u|)
_
1+cos t
2
= lim
t
[ln2 ln(1 + cos t)]

46.
_

0
cos x
1 sinx
dx = lim
t/2
_
t
0
cos x
1 sinx
dx + lim
s/2
+
_

s
cos x
1 sinx
dx
= lim
t/2
1 sinx
_
t
0
+ lim
s/2
+
2
1 sinx
_
s
= 2 + (2) = 0
47.
_
0
1
x
1 +x
dx = lim
s1
+
_
0
s
x
1 +x
dx u
2
= 1 +x, x = u
2
1, dx = 2udu
= lim
s1
+
_
1
1+s
u
2
1
u
(2udu) = lim
s1
+
_
1
1+s
(2u
2
2) du
= lim
s1
+
_
2
3
u
3
2u
__
1
1+s
= lim
s1
+
_
4
3

2
3
(1 +s)
3/2
+ 2
1 +s
_
=
4
3
48.
_
3
0
1
x
2
1
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
1
x
2
1
dx + lim
s1
+
_
3
s
1
x
2
1
dx
Since
lim
t1
_
t
0
1
x
2
1
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
_
1/2
x 1

1/2
x + 1
_
dx = lim
t1
_
1
2
ln|x 1|
1
2
ln|x + 1|
__
t
0
= lim
t1
1
2
ln
x 1
x + 1
_
t
0
= lim
t1
1
2
ln
t 1
t + 1
,
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
49.
_
1
0
x
2
1 x
2
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
x
2
1 x
2
= lim
t1
_
sin
1
t
0
sin
2
_
1 sin
2
cos d = lim
t1
_
sin
1
t
0
sin
2
d
= lim
t1
_
sin
1
t
0
1
2
(1 cos 2) d = lim
t1
_
1
2

1
4
sin2
__
sin
1
t
0
= lim
t1
_
1
2

1
2
sin cos
__
sin
1
t
0
= lim
t1
_
1
2
sin
1
t
1
2
t
_
1 t
2
_
=

4
50.
_
2
0
e
w
e
w
1
dw = lim
s0
+
_
2
s
e
w
e
w
1
dw u = e
w
1, du = e
w
dw
= lim
s0
+
_
e
2
1
e
s
1
1
u
du = lim
s0
+
2
u
_
e
2
1
e
s
1
= lim
s0
+
_
2
_
e
2
1 2
e
s
1
_
= 2
_
e
2
1
51.
_
3
1
1
3 + 2x x
2
dx = lim
t3
_
t
1
1
_
4 (x 1)
2
dx = lim
t3
sin
1
x 1
2
_
t
1
= lim
t3
sin
1
t 1
2
= sin
1
1 =

2
52.
_
1
0
_
1
x
+
1
1 x
_
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1/2
s
_
1
x
+
1
1 x
_
dx + lim
t1
_
t
1/2
_
1
x
+
1
1 x
_
dx
= lim
s0
+
(2
x 2
1 x)
_
1/2
s
+ lim
t1
(2
x 2
1 x)
_
t
1/2
= lim
s0
+
(
2 2
s + 2
1 s)
+ lim
t1
(2
t 2
1 t
2 +
2) = 2 + 2 = 4
53.
_

12
1
x(x + 4)
dx = lim
t
_
t
12
1
x(x + 4)
dx u =
x, u
2
= x, dx = 2udu
= 2 lim
t
_
t
2
3
u
u(u
2
+ 4)
du = 2 lim
t
_
t
2
3
1
u
2
+ 4
du
= 2 lim
t
1
2
tan
1
u
2
_
t
2
3
= lim
t
_
tan
1
t
2
tan
1
3
_
=

2

3
=

6
54.
_

1
xe
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
xe
x
dx w =
x, w
2
= x, dx = 2wdw
= 2 lim
t
_
t
1
w
2
e
w
dw u = w
2
, du = 2wdw; dv = e
w
dw, v = e
w
= lim
t
2
_
w
2
e
w
_
t
1
+ 2
_
t
1
we
w
dw
_
u = w, du = dw; dv = e
w
dw, v = e
w
= lim
t
2
_
w
2
e
w
_
t
1
+ 2
_
we
w
_
t
1
+
_
t
1
e
w
dw
__
= lim
t
2
_
w
2
e
w
_
t
1
+ 2
_
we
w
_
t
1
e
w
_
t
1
__
= lim
t
2
_
t
2
e
t
+e
1
+ 2
_
te
t
+e
1
e
t
+e
1
_
= 2[e
1
+ 2(e
1
+e
1
)] = 10e
1
2
1
55. A =
_

1
1
(2x + 1)
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
(2x + 1)
2
dx
= lim
t
_
1/2
2x + 1
__
t
1
= lim
t
_
1
6

1
4t + 2
_
=
1
6
-5 5
1
56. A =
_
5
10
x
2
+ 25
dx = lim
s
_
5
s
10
x
2
+ 25
dx = lim
s
2 tan
1
x
5
_
5
s
= lim
s
_
2
2 tan
1
s
5
_
=

2
2
_
2
_
=
3
2
-5 5
1
2
57. A =
_

e
|x|
dx = 2
_

0
e
x
dx = 2 lim
t
(e
x
)
_
t
0
= 2 lim
t
(e
t
e
0
) = 2(0 1) = 2
-2 -1 1 2
1
58. A =
_

|x|
3
e
x
4
dx = 2
_

0
x
3
e
x
4
dx =
1
2
lim
t
e
x
4
_
t
0
=
1
2
lim
t
(e
t
4
e
0
) =
1
2
(0 1) =
1
2
5
-2
2
59. A =
_
5
1
_
1
x 1

_
x 1
__
dx = lim
s1
+
_
5
s
2
x 1
dx
= lim
s1
+
4
x 1
_
5
s
= lim
s1
+
(8 4
s 1) = 8
-2 2
2
4
60. (a) A =
_
1
2
1
x + 2
dx = lim
s2
+
_
1
s
1
x + 2
dx = lim
s2
+
2
x + 2
_
1
s
= lim
s2
+
(2
3 2
s + 2) = 2
3
(b) V =
_
1
2
1
x + 2
dx = lim
s2
+
_
1
s
1
x + 2
dx = lim
s2
+
ln|x + 2|
_
1
s
= lim
s2
+
[ln3 ln(s + 2)]
The integral diverges, so the volume is innite.
1
2
61. A =
_
1
0
_
1
x

1
x(x
2
+ 1)
_
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
x
2
+ 1
dx = lim
s0
+
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 1)
_
1
s
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2
ln2
1
2
ln(s
2
+ 1)
_
=
1
2
ln2
5
-1
1
62. V =
_

0
x
2
e
2x
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
x
2
e
2x
dx
u = x
2
, du = 2xdx; dv = e
2x
dx, v =
1
2
e
2x
= lim
t
_
1
2
x
2
e
2x
_
t
0
+
_
t
0
xe
2x
dx
_
u = x, du = dx; dv = e
2x
dx, v =
1
2
e
2x
= lim
t
_
1
2
t
2
e
2t
1
2
xe
2x
_
t
0
+
_
t
0
1
2
e
2x
dx
_
= lim
t
_
1
2
t
2
e
2t
1
2
te
2t
1
4
e
2x
_
t
0
_
= lim
t
_
t
2
+t
2e
2t
+
1
4

1
4
e
2t
_
= lim
t
t
2
+t
2e
2t
+

4

4
lim
t
e
2t
h
= lim
t
2t + 1
4e
2t
+

4
0
h
= lim
t
2
8e
2t
+

4
=

4
63. W =
_

1.710
6
(6.67 10
11
)(7.3 10
22
)(10, 000)
1
r
2
dr 4.87 10
16
lim
t
_
t
1.710
6
r
2
dr
= 4.87 10
16
lim
t
_
1
r
__
t
1.710
6
= 4.87 10
16
lim
t
_
1
1.7 10
6

1
t
_
=
4.87 10
16
1.7 10
6
2.86 10
10
joules
64. We use the formula W =
qq
0
4e
0
_
r
B
r
A
1
r
2
dr.
(a) W =
qq
0
4e
0
_
r
B
r
A
1
r
2
dr =
qq
0
4e
0
_
1
r
__
r
B
r
A
=
qq
0
4e
0
_
1
r
B
1
r
A
_
(b) W =
qq
0
4e
0
_
r
B
1
r
2
dr =
qq
0
4e
0
lim
t
_
t
r
B
1
r
2
dr =
qq
0
4e
0
lim
t
_
1
r
__
t
r
B
=
qq
0
4e
0
lim
t
_
1
r
B
1
t
_
=
qq
0
4e
0
r
B
65. L{1} =
_

0
e
st
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
st
dt = lim
k
_
1
s
e
st
__
k
0
= lim
k
_
1
s

1
s
e
sk
_
=
1
s
, s > 0
66. L{x} =
_

0
te
st
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
te
st
dt u = t, du = dt; dv = e
st
dt, v =
1
s
e
st
= lim
k
_
1
s
te
st
_
k
0
+
_
k
0
1
s
e
st
dt
_
= lim
k
_
1
s
ke
sk
1
s
2
e
st
_
k
0
_
= lim
k
_
1
s
_
k
e
sk
_
+
1
s
2

1
s
2
e
sk
_
=
1
s
lim
k
k
e
sk
+
1
s
2
, s > 0
h
=
1
s
lim
k
1
se
sk
+
1
s
2
=
1
s
2
, s > 0
67. L{e
x
} =
_

0
e
t
e
st
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
(1s)t
dt = lim
k
1
1 s
e
(1s)t
_
k
0
= lim
k
_
1
1 s
e
(1s)k
1
1 s
_
=
1
1 s
, s > 1
68. L{e
5x
} =
_

0
e
5t
e
st
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
(s+5)t
dt = lim
k
_
1
s + 5
e
(s+5)t
_
k
0
= lim
k
_
1
s + 5

1
s + 5
e
(s+5)k
_
=
1
s + 5
, s > 5
69. L{sinx} =
_

0
e
st
sint dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
st
sint dt
u = e
st
, du = se
st
dt; dv = sint dt, v = cos t
= lim
k
_
e
st
cos t
_
k
0
_
k
0
se
st
cos t dt
_
= 1 lim
k
s
_
k
0
e
st
cos t dt
u = e
st
, du = se
st
dt; dv = cos t dt, v = sint
= 1 lim
k
s
_
e
st
sint
_
k
0
+s
_
k
0
e
st
sint dt
_
= 1 s
2
L{sinx}
Solving for L{sinx}, we have L{sinx} =
1
s
2
+ 1
, where s > 0.
70. L{cos 2x} =
_

0
e
st
cos 2t dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
st
cos 2t dt
u = e
st
, du = se
st
; dv = cos 2t dt, v =
1
2
sin2t
= lim
k
_
1
2
e
st
sin2t
_
k
0
+
1
2
_
k
0
se
st
sin2t dt
_
= 0 + lim
k
s
2
_
k
0
e
st
sin2t dt
u = e
st
, du = se
st
dt; dv = sin2t dt, v =
1
2
cos 2t
= lim
k
s
2
_
1
2
e
st
cos 2t
_
k
0
1
2
_
k
0
se
st
cos 2t dt
_
=
s
4

s
2
4
L{cos 2x}
Solving for L{cos 2x}, we have L{cos 2x} =
s/4
1 +s
2
/4
=
s
s
2
+ 4
, where s > 0.
71. L{f(x)} =
_

1
e
st
dt = lim
k
_
1
s
e
st
__
k
1
=
1
s
e
s
, s > 0
72. L{f(x)} =
_

3
e
st
e
t
dt =
_

3
e
(s+1)t
dt = lim
k
_
1
s + 1
e
(s+1)t
_
k
3
=
1
s + 1
e
3(s+1)
, s > 3
73.
_

f(x) dx =
_
0
f(x) dx +
_

0
f(x) dx = 0 + lim
t
_
t
0
ke
kx
dx
= lim
t
e
kx
_
t
0
= lim
t
(e
0
e
kx
) = 1
74. (a) ( + 1) =
_

0
t
(+1)1
e
t
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
t
e
t
dt
u = t
, du = t
1
dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= lim
k
_
t
e
t
_
k
0
+
_
k
0
t
1
e
t
dt
_
= lim
k
(k
e
k
) + lim
k
_
k
0
t
1
e
t
dt = lim
k
_
e
k
_
+()
Using repeated applications of LHopitals Rule on
k
e
k
until 0, we nd that
lim
k
e
k
= 0. Thus, ( + 1) = ().
(b) Note that
(1) =
_

0
e
t
dt = lim
k
_
k
0
e
t
dt = lim
k
(e
t
)
_
k
0
= lim
k
(1 e
k
) = 1.
Then, using repeated applications of part (a),
(n + 1) = n(n) = n(n 1 + 1) = n(n 1)(n 1) = n(n 1)(n 2 + 1)
= n(n 1)(n 2)(n 2) = = n(n 1)(n 2) 2 1 (1) = n!.
75.
_

1
1
x
k
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
x
k
dx = lim
t
x
k+1
k + 1
_
t
1
= lim
t
_
t
k+1
k + 1

1
k + 1
_
, k = 1
= lim
t
_
1
1 k
_
1
t
k1
__
+
1
k 1
, k = 1
The integral converges for k > 1 and diverges for k < 1. If k = 1 then
_

1
1
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
x
dx = lim
t
lnx
_
t
1
= lim
t
lnt,
and the integral diverges.
76. Since f(x) = x
2k
has an innite discontinuity at 0 when k < 0, we consider only k 0.
k = 0 :
_
1
1 dx = lim
s
_
1
s
dx = lim
s
x
_
1
s
= lim
s
(1 s)
This integral diverges.
k > 0 :
_
1
x
2k
dx = lim
s
_
1
s
x
2k
dx = lim
s
x
2k+1
2k + 1
_
1
s
= lim
s
_
1
2k + 1

x
2k+1
2k + 1
_
This integral converges only when 2k + 1 < 0 or k < 1/2.
There are no non-negative values of k for which the integral converges.
77.
_

0
e
kx
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
e
kx
dx = lim
t
1
k
e
kx
_
t
0
= lim
t
_
e
kt
k

1
k
_
, k = 0
The integral converges for k < 0 and diverges for k > 0. If k = 0,
_

0
1 dx diverges.
78. Since
(lnx)
k
x
has an innite discontinuity at 1 when k < 0, we consider only k 0.
k = 0 :
_

1
1
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
x
dx = lim
t
lnx
_
t
1
= lim
t
lnt
k > 0 :
_

1
(lnx)
k
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
(lnx)
k
1
x
dx = lim
t
1
k + 1
(lnx)
k+1
_
t
1
= lim
t
1
k + 1
(lnt)
k+1
There are no non-negative values of k for which the integral converges.
79. By Problem 75,
_

1
1
x
2
dx converges. Since 0
sin
2
x
x
2

1
x
2
for all x in [1, ),
_

1
sin
2
x
x
2
dx
converges.
80. By Example 1 in the text,
_

2
1
x
3
dx converges. Since 0 <
1
x
3
+ 4
<
1
x
3
for all x in [2, ),
_

2
1
x
3
+ 4
dx converges.
81. By Problem 77,
_

0
1
e
x
dx converges. Since 0 <
1
x +e
x
<
1
e
x
for all x in [0, ),
_

0
1
x +e
x
dx
converges.
82. Let g(x) =
_
1, 0 x < 1
e
x
, 1 x <
. Then 0 < e
x
2
g(x) for all x in [0, ), and
_

0
g(x) dx =
_
1
0
1 dx +
_

1
e
x
dx = 1 + lim
t
_
t
1
e
x
dx = 1 + lim
t
(e
x
)
_
t
1
= 1 + lim
t
(e
1
e
t
) = 1 +e
1
.
Since
_

0
g(x) dx converges,
_

0
e
x
2
dx converges.
83. By Problem 75,
_

1
1
x
dx =
_

1
1
x
1/2
dx diverges.
Since 0 <
1
x
<
1 +e
2x
x
for all x in [1, ),
_

1
1 +e
2x
x
dx diverges.
84. 0 < e
x
e
x
2
for all x in [1, ) since x x
2
for x 1. Considering
_

1
e
x
dx, we have
_

1
e
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
e
x
dx = lim
t
e
x
_
t
1
= lim
t
(e
t
e),
so
_

1
e
x
dx diverges. Thus,
_

1
e
x
2
dx diverges.
85.
_

1
1
x
x
2
1
dx = lim
s1
+
_
2
s
1
x
x
2
1
dx + lim
t
_
t
2
1
x
x
2
1
dx
= lim
s1
+
sec
1
x
_
2
s
+ lim
t
sec
1
x
_
t
2
= lim
s1
+
(sec
1
2 sec
1
s) + lim
t
(sec
1
t sec
1
2)
= sec
1
2 0 +

2
sec
1
2 =

2
86.
_
4
1
(x 1)
2/3
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
1
(x 1)
2/3
dx + lim
t1
_
t
0
1
(x 1)
2/3
dx
+ lim
r1
+
_
4
r
1
(x 1)
2/3
dx
Since lim
s
_
0
s
1
(x 1)
2/3
dx = lim
s
3(x 1)
1/3
_
0
s
= lim
s
[3 3(s 1)
1/3
], the integral
diverges.
87.
_
1
1
1
1 x
2
dx = lim
s1
+
_
0
s
1
1 x
2
dx + lim
t1
_
t
0
1
1 x
2
dx
= lim
s1
+
sin
1
x
_
0
s
+ lim
t1
sin
1
x
_
t
0
= lim
s1
+
(0 sin
1
s) + lim
t1
(sin
1
t 0) =
_
2
_
+

2
=
88.
_
2
0
2x 1
3
x
2
x
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1/2
s
2x 1
3
x
2
x
dx + lim
t1
_
t
1/2
2x 1
3
x
2
x
dx + lim
r1
+
_
2
r
2x 1
3
x
2
x
dx
= lim
s0
+
3
2
(x
2
x)
2/3
_
1/2
s
+ lim
t1
3
2
(x
2
x)
2/3
_
t
1/2
+ lim
r1
+
3
2
(x
2
x)
2/3
_
2
r
= lim
s0
+
_
3
2
_
1
4
_
2/3
3
2
(s
2
s)
2/3
_
+ lim
t1
_
3
2
(t
2
t)
2/3
3
2
_
1
4
_
2/3
_
+ lim
r1
+
_
3
2
(2)
2/3
3
2
(r
2
r)
2/3
_
=
_
3
2
_
1
4
_
2/3
0
_
+
_
0
3
2
_
1
4
_
2/3
_
+
_
3
3
2
0
_
=
3
3
2
89. (a) A =
_

1
1
x
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
x
dx = lim
t
lnx
_
t
1
= lim
t
lnt
The integral diverges, so the area is not nite.
(b) V =
_

1
1
x
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
1
x
2
dx = lim
t
_
1
x
__
t
1
= lim
t
_
1
1
t
_
=
(c) y
=
1
x
2
; S = 2
_

1
1
x
_
1 +
1
x
4
dx = 2
_

1
x
4
+ 1
x
3
dx
For all x in [1, ],
1
x
=
x
2
x
3
=
x
4
x
3
<
x
4
+ 1
x
3
. By Problem 75,
_

1
1
x
dx diverges.
Since 0
1
x

x
4
+ 1
x
3
for all x in [1, ),
_

1
x
4
+ 1
x
3
dx diverges.
90. (a) The peak death rate, occurring when t = 17, is R = 890.
(b)
_

890 sech
2
(0.2t 3.4) dt
= 890 lim
k
1
0.2
tanh(0.2t 3.4)
_
0
k
+ 890 lim
p
1
0.2
tanh(0.2t 3.4)
_
p
0
= 4450[0 (1)] + 4450(1 0) = 8900
(c)
_
34
0
890 sech
2
(0.2t 3.4) dt = 890
_
1
0.2
tanh(0.2t 3.4)
_
34
0
= 4450[tanh3.4 tanh(3.4)]
= 8900 tanh3.4
The percentage of total deaths is 100 tanh3.4 99.8%.
(d) To nd the peak death rate we solve
dR
0
dt
=
a(2t 2b)
(t
2
2bt +c)
2
= 0, obtaining t = b, at
which time R
0
=
a
c b
2
. Thus, we set b = 17 and
a
c b
2
= 890. The total number of
deaths is
_

a
t
2
2bt +c
dt =
_

a
(t b)
2
+ (c b
2
)
dt c > b
2
=
a
c b
2
_
lim
k
tan
1
t b
c b
2
_
0
k
+ lim
p
tan
t b
c b
2
_
p
0
_
=
a
c b
2
_
2

_
2
__
=
a
c b
2
.
We then set
a
c b
2
= 8900 or
a
c b
2
c b
2
= 8900. Using
a
c b
2
= 890 we obtain
c b
2
= 10 or c =
100
2
+b
2
=
100
2
+ 17
2
299.13. Then a = 890(c b
2
) 9017.59.
(e) We note that 34 = 2b. Then the number of deaths in the rst 34 weeks is
_
2b
0
a
t
2
2bt +c
dt =
_
2b
0
a
(t b)
2
+ (c b
2
)
dt =
a
c b
2
tan
1
t b
c b
2
_
2b
0
=
a
c b
2
_
tan
1
b
c b
2
tan
1
b
c b
2
_
=
2a
c b
2
tan
1
b
c b
2
Using part (d) we see that the fraction of total deaths occurring in the rst 34 weeks is
_
2b
0
a
t
2
2bt +c
dt
_

a
t
2
2bt +c
dt
=
2a
c b
2
tan
1
b
c b
2
a
c b
2
=
2
tan
1
b
c b
2
.
With b = 17 and c = 299.13 we nd the percentage of total deaths within the rst 34
weeks is
2
tan
1
17
299.13 17
2
100 = 88.22%.
7.8 Approximate Integration
1. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3
x
k
3/2 5/2 7/2
f(x
k
) 39/4 95/4 175/4
_
4
1
(3x
2
+ 2x) dx
4 1
3
_
39
4
+
95
4
+
175
4
_
=
309
4
= 77.25
_
4
1
(3x
2
+ 2x) dx = (x
3
+x
2
)
_
4
1
= 80 2 = 78
2. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4
x
k
/48 /16 5/48 7/48
f(x
k
) 0.997859 0.980785 0.94693 0.896873
_
/6
0
cos xdx
/6 0
4
(0.997859 + 0.980785 + 0.94693 + 0.896873) 0.500357
_
/6
0
cos xdx = sinx
_
/6
0
=
1
2
0 =
1
2
3. Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
1 3/2 2 5/2 3
f(x
k
) 2 35/8 9 133/8 28
_
3
1
(x
3
+ 1) dx
3 1
8
_
2 + 2
_
35
8
_
+ 2(9) + 2
_
133
8
_
+ 28
_
=
45
2
22.5
_
3
1
(x
3
+ 1) dx =
_
x
4
4
+x
__
3
1
=
93
4

5
4
= 22
7.8. APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION 497
4. Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
0 1/3 2/3 1 4/3 5/3 2
f(x
k
) 1 2/
3

5/
3

2

7/
3 2
2/
3

3
_
2
0
x + 1 dx
2 0
12
(1 + 2
_
4/3 + 2
_
5/3 + 2
2 + 2
_
7/3 + 2
_
8/3 +
3) 2.7954
_
2
0
x + 1 dx =
2(x + 1)
3/2
3
_2
0
=
2(3
3/2
)
3

2
3
2.79743
5. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
3/2 5/2 7/2 9/2 11/2
f(x
k
) 2/3 2/5 2/7 2/9 2/11
_
6
1
1
x
dx
6 1
5
_
2
3
+
2
5
+
2
7
+
2
9
+
2
11
_
=
6086
3465
1.75642
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
1 2 3 4 5 6
f(x
k
) 1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6
_
6
1
1
x
dx
6 1
12
_
1 + 2
_
1
2
_
+ 2
_
1
3
_
+ 2
_
1
4
_
+ 2
_
1
5
_
+
1
6
_
=
28
15
1.86667
6. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4
x
k
1/4 3/4 5/4 7/4
f(x
k
) 4/7 4/13 4/19 4/25
_
2
0
1
3x + 1
dx
2 0
4
_
4
7
+
4
13
+
4
19
+
4
25
_
=
27008
43225
0.624824
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
0 1/2 1 3/2 2
f(x
k
) 1 2/5 1/4 2/11 1/7
_
2
0
1
3x + 1
dx
2 0
8
_
1 + 2
_
2
5
_
+ 2
_
1
4
_
+ 2
_
2
11
_
+
1
7
_
=
2161
3080
0.701623
7. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45
f(x
k
) 1.00125 1.01119 1.03078 1.05948 1.09659
6 7 8 9 10
0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95
1.14127 1.19269 1.25000 1.31244 1.37931
_
1
0
_
x
2
+ 1 dx
1 0
10
(1.00125 + + 1.37931) 1.1475
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
f(x
k
) 1 1.00499 1.0198 1.04403 1.07703 1.11803
6 7 8 9 10
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
1.16619 1.22066 1.28062 1.34536 1.41421
_
1
0
_
x
2
+ 1 dx
1 0
20
[1 + 2(1.00499) + + 2(1.34536) + 1.41421] 1.14838
8. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
f(x
k
) 0.654981 0.559279 0.478091 0.411241 0.356711
_
2
1
1
x
3
+ 1
dx
2 1
5
(0.654981 + + 0.356711) 0.492061
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
f(x
k
) 0.707107 0.605449 0.516811 0.442981 0.382583 0.333333
_
2
1
1
x
3
+ 1
dx
2 1
10
[0.707107 + 2(0.605449) + + 2(0.382583) + 0.333333] 0.493609
9. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
/12 /4 5/12 7/12 3/4 11/12
f(x
k
) 0.0760474 0.180063 0.217033 0.194188 0.128617 0.0429833
_

0
sinx
x +
dx
0
6
(0.0760474 + + 0.0429833) 0.439263
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
0 /6 /3 /2 2/3 5/6
f(x
k
) 0 0.136419 0.206748 0.212207 0.165399 0.0868118 0
_

0
sinx
x +
dx
0
12
[1 + 2(0.136419) + + 2(0.0868118) + 0] 0.42285
10. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3
x
k
/24 /8 5/24
f(x
k
) 0.131652 0.414214 0.767327
_
/4
0
tanxdx
/4 0
3
(0.131652 + 0.414214 + 0.767327) 0.343793
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3
x
k
0 /12 /6 /4
f(x
k
) 0 0.267949 0.57735 1
_
/4
0
tanxdx
/4 0
6
[0 + 2(0.267949) + 2(0.57735) + 1] 0.352199
11. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
1/6 1/2 5/6 7/6 3/2 11/6
f(x
k
) 0.999614 0.968912 0.768409 0.208152 0.628174 0.976002
_
2
0
cos x
2
dx
2 0
6
(0.999614 + 0.976002) 0.446971
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
0 1/3 2/3 1 4/3 5/3 2
f(x
k
) 1 0.993834 0.90285 0.540302 0.205507 0.934546 0.653644
_
2
0
cos x
2
dx
2 0
12
[1 + 2(0.993834) + + 2(0.934546) 0.653644] 0.490037
12. Midpoint Rule
k 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
1/10 3/10 1/2 7/10 9/10
f(x
k
) 0.998334 0.985067 0.958851 0.920311 0.870363
_
1
0
sinx
x
dx
1 0
5
(0.998334 + + 0.870363) 0.946585
Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
0 1/5 2/5 3/5 4/5 1
f(x
k
) 1 0.993347 0.973546 0.941071 0.896695 0.841471
_
1
0
sinx
x
dx
1 0
10
[1 + 2(0.993347) + + 2(0.896695) + 0.841471] 0.945079
13. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
0 1 2 3 4
f(x
k
) 1

3

5

7 3
_
4
0
2x + 1 dx
4 0
12
(1 + 4
3 + 2
5 + 4
7 + 3) 8.6611
_
4
0
2x + 1 dx u = 2x + 1, du = 2 dx
=
_
9
1
u
1/2
_
1
2
du
_
=
1
2
_
2
3
u
3/2
__
9
1
=
26
3
0.86667
14. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2
x
k
0 /4 /2
f(x
k
) 0 1/2 1
_
/2
0
sin
2
xdx
/2 0
6
_
0 + 4
_
1
2
_
+ 1
_
0.7854
_
1
0
sin
2
xdx =
_
/2
0
1
2
(1 cos 2x) dx =
_
x
2

sin2x
2
__
/2
0
=

4
0.7854
15. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
1/2 1 3/2 2 5/2
f(x
k
) 2 1 2/3 1/2 2/5
_
5/2
1/2
1
x
dx
5/2 1/2
12
_
2 + 4(1) + 2
_
2
3
_
+ 4
_
1
2
_
+
2
5
_
1.6222
16. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
0 5/6 5/3 5/2 10/3 25/6 5
f(x
k
) 1/2 6/17 3/11 2/9 3/16 6/37 1/7
_
5
0
1
x + 2
dx
5 0
18
_
1
2
+ 4
_
6
17
_
+ 2
_
3
11
_
+ 4
_
2
9
_
+ 2
_
3
16
_
+ 4
_
6
37
_
+
1
7
_
1.2535
17. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
f(x
k
) 1 16/17 4/5 16/25 1/2
_
1
0
1
1 +x
2
dx
1 0
12
_
1 + 4
_
16
17
_
+ 2
_
4
5
_
+ 4
_
16
25
_
+
1
2
_
0.7854
18. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2
x
k
1 0 1
f(x
k
)

2 1

2
_
1
1
_
x
2
+ 1 dx
1 + 1
6
[
2 + 4(1) +
2] 2.2761
19. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
k
0 /6 /3 /2 2/3 5/6
f(x
k
) 0 3/7 3
8/8 2/3 3
3/10 3/11 0
_

0
sinx
x +
dx
0
18
_
0 + 4
_
3
7
_
+ 2
_
3
3
8
_
+ 4
_
2
3
_
+ 2
_
3
3
10
_
+ 4
_
3
11
_
+ 0
_
0.4339
20. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
f(x
k
) 1 0.8776 0.7602 0.6479 0.5403
_
1
0
cos
xdx
1 0
12
[1 + 4(0.8776) + 2(0.7602) + 4(0.6479) + 0.5403] 0.7635
21. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
2 2.5 3 3.5 4
f(x
k
) 3.1623 4.2573 5.4772 6.8099 8.2462
_
4
2
_
x
3
+xdx
4 2
12
[3.1623 + 4(4.2573) + 2(5.4772) + 4(6.8099) + 8.2462] 11.1053
22. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2
x
k
/4 3/8 /2
f(x
k
) 0.3694 0.3420 0.3333
_
/2
/4
1
2 + sinx
dx
/2 /4
6
[0.3694 + 4(0.3420) + 0.3333] 0.2711
23. f(x) =
1
x + 3
; f
(x) =
1
(x + 3)
2
; f
(x) =
2
(x + 3)
3
. Since f
(x) decreases on [1, 2],

f
(x) f
(1) = 1/4 on the interval. Taking M = 1/4, we want

(1/4)(2 + 1)
3
24n
2
< 0.005 or
n
2
>
225
4
= 56.25. Take n = 8 to obtain the desired accuracy.
24. f(x) = sin
2
x; f
(x) = 2 sinxcos x = sin2x; f
(x) = 2 cos 2x. Since |f
(x)| = 2| cos 2x|

2 for all x, we take M = 2. Then we want
2(1.5 0)
3
12n
2
< 0.0001 or n
2
> 5625 = 75
2
. Take
n = 76 to obtain the desired accuracy.
25. f(x) =
1
1 +x
2
; f
(x) =
2x
(1 +x
2
)
2
; f
(x) =
6x
2
2
(1 +x
2
)
3
. To determine an upper bound
for |f
(x)| on [0, 2], we compute f
(x) =
24x(1 x
2
)
(1 +x
2
)
4
. Setting f
(x) = 0 we obtain the

critical numbers 0 and 1 on [0, 2]. Comparing f
(0) = 2, f
(1) =
1
2
, and f
(2) =
22
125
,
we see that |f
(x)| 2 on the interval. Taking M = 2 we want

2(2 0)
3
12n
2
< 0.005 or
n
2
>
800
3
267. For n = 17, the Trapezoidal Rule gives
_
2
0
1
1 +x
2
dx 1.11 to two decimal
places.
26. Trapezoidal Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4
x
k
2 1 0 1 2
f(x
k
) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
_
2
2
10
x
dx
2 + 2
8
[0.01 + 2(0.1) + 2(1) + 2(10) + 100] 61.105
27. f
(x) =
1
x
2
; f
(x) =
2
x
3
; f
(x) =
6
x
4
; f
(4)
(x) =
24
x
5
. Since f
(4)
(x) is decreasing on
[1, 3], |f
(4)
(x)| f
(4)
(1) = 24 for all x in [1, 3]. Taking M = 24, we want
24(3 1)
5
180n
4
< 10
5
or n
4
>
1, 280, 000
3
426, 667. To have the desired accuracy with Simpsons Rule, we need
n 26. To obtain the required n for the Trapezoidal Rule, we note that f
(x) =
2
x
3
is decreasing on [1, 3]. We thus take M = f
(1) = 2. We want
2(3 1)
3
12n
2
< 10
5
or
n
2
>
400, 000
3
133, 333. For the Trapezoidal Rule to have the desired accuracy, we need
n 366.
28. f(x) =
1
2x + 1
; f
(x) =
2
(2x + 1)
2
; f
(x) =
8
(2x + 1)
3
; f
(x) =
48
(2x + 1)
4
;
f
(4)
(x) =
384
(2x + 1)
5
. Since f
(4)
(x) is decreasing on [0, 3], |f
(4)
(x)| f
(4)
(0) = 384 for
all x in [0, 3]. Taking M = 384, we have E
6

384(3 0)
5
180(6
4
)
=
2
5
= 0.4.
29. Since n = 5 is odd we cannot use Simpsons Rule. Because the Midpoint Rule does not readily
work with tabular data we use the Trapezoidal Rule:
_
2.30
2.05
f(x) dx
2.30 2.05
10
[4.91 + 2(4.80) + 2(4.66) + 2(4.41) + 2(3.93) + 3.58] = 1.10225.
30. Since the subintervals are of unequal widths, Simpsons Rule as derived in the text cannot be
applied. We use trapezoids to approximate the integral.
_
1.20
0
f(x) dx (0.1 0)
0.72 0.55
2
+ (0.2 0.1)
0.55 0.16
2
+ (0.4 0.2)
0.16 + 0.62
2
+ (0.6 0.4)
0.62 + 0.78
2
+ (0.8 0.6)
0.78 + 1.34
2
+ (0.9 0.8)
1.34 + 1.47
2
+ (1.0 0.9)
1.47 + 1.61
2
+ (1.2 1.0)
1.61 + 1.51
2
= 0.9055
31.
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx = (x
2
+ 5x)
_
4
0
= 36
n = 2 :
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx
4 0
2
[(2 1 + 5) + (2 3 + 5)] = 36
n = 4 :
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx
4 0
4
[(2 0.5 + 5) + (2 1.5 + 5) + (2 2.5 + 5) + (2 3.5 + 5)]
= 36
32.
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx = (x
2
+ 5x)
_
4
0
= 36
n = 2 :
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx
4 0
4
[(2 0 + 5) + 2(2 2 + 5) + (2 4 + 5)] = 36
n = 4 :
_
4
0
(2x + 5) dx
4 0
8
[(2 0 + 5) + 2(2 1 + 5) + 2(2 2 + 5) + 2(2 3 + 5)
+ (2 4 + 5)] = 36
33. (a) I =
_
1
1
(x
3
+x
2
) dx =
_
1
4
x
4
+
1
3
x
3
__
1
1
=
2
3
(b) M
8
=
1 (1)
8
[f(7/8) +f(5/8) + +f(5/8) +f(7/8)]
=
1
4
_
49
512
+
75
512
+ +
325
512
+
735
512
_
=
21
32
(c) T
8
=
1 (1)
16
[f(1) + 2f(3/4) + + 2f(3/4) +f(1)]
=
1
8
_
0 + 2
_
9
64
_
+ + 2
_
63
64
_
+ 2
_
=
11
16
(d) E
8
=
2
3
M
8
=
1
96
; E
8
=
2
3
T
8
=
1
48
The error for the Midpoint Rule is one half the error for the Trapezoidal Rule.
34.
_
3
1
(x
3
x
2
) dx =
_
1
4
x
4
1
3
x
3
__
3
1
=
32
3
n = 2 :
_
3
1
(x
3
x
2
) dx
3 + 1
6
{[(1)
3
(1)
2
] + 4(1
3
1
2
) + (3
3
3
2
)} =
32
3
n = 4 :
_
3
1
(x
3
x
2
) dx
3 + 1
12
{[(1)
3
(1)
2
] + 4(0
3
0
2
) + 2(1
3
1
2
)
+ 4(2
3
2
2
) + (3
3
3
2
)} =
32
3
35. The exact value is
_
b
a
(c
1
x +c
0
) dx =
_
c
1
2
x
2
+c
0
x
__
b
a
=
c
1
2
(b
2
a
2
) +c
0
(b a)
=
b a
2
[(c
1
a +c
0
) + (c
1
b +c
0
)].
The Trapezoidal Rule gives
b a
2n
_
(c
1
a +c
0
) + 2
_
c
1
_
a +
b a
n
_
+c
0
_
+ 2
_
c
1
_
a +
2(b a)
n
_
+c
0
_
+
+ 2
_
c
1
_
a +
(n 1)(b a)
n
_
+c
0
_
+
_
c
1
_
a +
n(b a)
n
_
+c
0
_
_
=
b a
2n
_
2nc
1
a + 2nc
0
+ 2c
1
b a
n
(1 + 2 + +n 1) +c
1
(b a)
_
=
b a
2n
_
2nc
1
a + 2nc
0
+ 2c
1
_
b a
n
__
(n 1)n
2
_
+c
1
(b a)
_
=
b a
2n
[2nc
1
a + 2nc
0
+c
1
(b a)(n 1) +c
1
(b a)]
=
b a
2n
[2nc
1
a + 2nc
0
+nc
1
b nc
1
a c
1
b +c
1
a +c
1
b c
1
a]
=
b a
2n
(c
1
a +c
0
+c
1
b +c
0
).
Since the graph of f(x) = c
1
x + c
0
is a straight line and the Trapezoidal Rule uses straight
line approximations to the curve, it will give the exact value.
36. From the derivation of Simpsons Rule in the text, it suces to show that it will give the
exact value of
_
h
h
(c
3
x
3
+c
2
x
2
+c
1
x +c
0
) dx for n = 2. In this case, the exact value is
c
3
4
h
4
+
c
2
3
h
3
+
c
1
2
h
2
+c
0
h
_
c
3
4
(h)
4
+
c
2
3
(h)
3
+
c
1
2
(h)
2
+c
0
(h)
_
=
2c
2
3
h
3
+ 2c
0
h,
and Simpsons Rule gives
h +h
6
_
[c
3
(h)
3
+c
2
(h)
2
+c
1
(h) +c
0
] + 4(c
0
) + (c
3
h
3
+c
2
h
2
+c
1
h +c
0
)
_
=
h
3
(2c
2
h
2
+ 6c
0
) =
2c
2
3
h
3
+ 2c
0
h.
37.
_
4
1
f(x) dx
4 1
3(6)
[1.3 + 4(1.5) + 2(3) + 4(3.3) + 2(2.2) + 4(2.4) + 1.9] 7.06667
38. A =
9 0
18
[0 + 2(3) + 2(1) + 2(3) + 2(5) + 2(3) + 2(7) + 2(4) + 2(6) + 3] =
67
2
The Trapezoidal Rule gives the exact value of the area in this case because the curve segments
are straight lines.
39. A
18.6 0
3(10)
[0 4(5.8) + 2(7.3) + 4(6.9) + 2(8.7) + 4(8.8) + 2(10.3) + 4(14.5)
+ 2(15) + 4(10.4) + 0]
= 166.284
The volume of the pond is 4(166.284) = 665.136 ft
3
and the number of gallons of water is
7.48(665.136) = 4975.22 gallons.
40. I
3(570)
2(32)
+
3(570)
32
_
4.5 1
14
_
[1(0.3) + 2(1.5)
2
(0.5) + 2(2)
2
(0.62) + 2(2.5)
2
(0.7)
+ 2(3)
2
(0.6) + 2(3.5)
2
(0.5) + 2(4)
2
(0.27) + (4.5)
2
(0)]
83.94 + 53.44(11.99) 724.69
-5 5
5
41. Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
5 4 3 2 1 0
f(x
k
) 0 3.55936 4.38712 4.79112 4.96403 5
6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5
4.96403 4.79112 4.38712 3.55936 0
_
5
5
5
_
(5
2.5
|x|
2.5
)
2
dx
5 (5)
30
[0 + 4(3.55936) + 2(4.38712) +
+ 2(4.38712) + 4(3.55936) + 0] 41.4028
! 2!
2
42. From the graph we dene f(0) = 2.
Simpsons Rule
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
k
0 /5 2/5 3/5 4/5
f(x
k
) 2 1.71614 1.93889 1.90975 1.26302 1
6 7 8 9 10
6/5 7/5 8/5 9/5 2
1.13489 1.80195 1.77706 1.04954 1
_
2
0
(1 +| sinx|
x
) dx
2 0
30
[2 + 4(1.71614) + 2(1.93889) +
+ 2(1.77706) + 4(1.04954) + 1] 9.45351
43. (a)
_

1
e
1/x
x
5/2
dx = lim
k
_
k
1
e
1/x
x
5/2
dx x =
1
t
, dx =
1
t
2
dt
= lim
k
_
1/k
1
e
t
(1/t)
5/2
_
1
t
2
dt
_
=
_
0
1
(t
1/2
e
t
dt) =
_
1
0
t
1/2
e
t
dt
(b)
_

1
e
1/x
x
5/2
dx =
_
1
0
t
1/2
e
t
dt
1 0
12
_
0 + 4
_
1
2
e
1/4
_
+ 2
_
_
1
2
e
1/2
_
+ 4
_
3
2
e
3/4
_
+e
_
1
12
(2.5681 + 2.3316 + 7.3335 + 2.7183) 1.2460
44. y
= x
2
; s =
_
2
0
_
1 +x
4
dx
2 0
12
(1 + 4
1.0625 + 2
2 + 4
6.0625 +
17) 3.6539
45. y
= 2x
s =
_
1
0
_
1 + 4x
2
dx
1 0
20
_
[1 + 4(0)
2
]
1/2
+ 2[1 + 4(0.1)
2
]
1/2
+ 2[1 + 4(0.2)
2
]
1/2
+
+ 2[1 + 4(0.9)
2
]
1/2
+ [1 + 4(1)
2
]
1/2
_
=
1
20
(1 + 2
1.04 + 2
1.16 + + 2
4.24 +
5) 1.4804
46. y
=
1
x
; s =
_
2
1
_
1 + 1/x
2
dx. Using Simpsons Rule with n = 6 we obtain
S
6
=
1
18
_
1 + 1 + 4
_
1 + 36/49 + 2
_
1 + 9/16 + 4
_
1 + 4/9 + 2
_
1 + 9/25
+ 4
_
1 + 36/121 +
_
1 + 1/4
_
=
1
18
_
2 +
4
7
85 +
1
2
25 +
4
3
13 +
2
5
34 +
4
11
157 +
1
2
5
_
1.2220.
47. y
= x; S = 2
_
2
0
1
2
x
2
_
1 +x
2
dx =
_
2
0
x
2
_
1 +x
2
dx. Using the Midpoint Rule with
n = 5, we obtain
M
5
=
2
5
_
1
25
_
1 +
1
25
+
9
25
_
1 +
9
25
+
2 +
49
25
_
1 +
49
25
+
81
25
_
1 +
81
25
_
4.76741.
CHAPTER 7 IN REVIEW 507
Then S M
5
14.9772.
48.
dx
dy
= 2y; S = 2
_
1
1
(y
2
+ 1)
_
1 + 4y
2
dy. Using Simpsons Rule with n = 6, we obtain
S
6
=
1 (1)
3.6
[2
5 + 4(4/9 + 1)
_
1 + 16/9 + 2(1/9 + 1)
_
1 + 4/9
+ 4(1)
1 + 2(1/9 + 1)
_
1 + 4/9 + 4(4/9 + 1)
_
1 + 16/9 + 2
5] 4.17168.
Then S 2S
6
26.2114.
49. (a) Approximating the graph on each interval between integers with line segments and using
the Pythagorean theorem, we have
s <
_
1
2
+ 2
2
+
_
1
2
+ 4
2
+
_
1
2
+ 3
2
+
_
1
2
+ 1
2
+
_
1
2
+ 3
2
+
_
1
2
+ 1
2
+
_
1
2
+ 2
2
=
5 +
17 +
10 +
2 +
10 +
2 +
5 17.75.
(b) Since y
(x
i
) = 0 for x
i
= 1, 2, . . . , 8, the formula for arc length gives
_
8
1
_
1 + (y
)
2
dx =
_
8
1
dx = 7 which is simply the length of the interval.
50. (a) lim
x
Li(x)
x/ lnx
= lim
x
lnx
_
x
2
1
lnt
dt
x
h
= lim
x
lnx(1/ lnx) +
1
x
_
x
2
1
lnt
dt
1
= lim
x
x +
_
x
2
1
lnt
dt
x
h
= lim
x
1 + 1/ lnx
1
= 1
(b) Implementing Simpsons Rule with n = 98 on a computer, we obtain
_
100
2
1
lnt
dt 29.09.
When x = 100, x/ lnx 21.71. The number of primes less than 100 is 25.
Chapter 7 in Review
A. True/False
1. True
2. False; use u = a tan.
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False;
x
2
(x + 1)
2
= 1 +
A
x + 1
+
B
(x + 1)
2
.
7. False;
1
(x
2
1)
2
=
A
x 1
+
B
(x 1)
2
+
C
x + 1
+
D
(x + 1)
2
.
8. False; it is used n times.
9. False; substituting u = 9 x
2
will work.
10. True
11. True
12. False; let f(x) = x and g(x) = x.
13. True
14. False;
_

f(x) dx = lim
s
_
a
s
f(x) dx + lim
t
_
t
a
f(x) dx.
15. False; the innite discontinuity occurs at x = 1/e 0.3679, which is outside of [1/2, 1].
16. False; since
_
1
0
x
3
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
3
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
2
x
2
__
1
s
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2
+
1
2s
2
_
,
17. True
18. True
19. False; since
_

2
_
e
x
e
x
+ 1

e
x
e
x
1
_
dx = lim
t
_
t
2
_
e
x
e
x
+ 1

e
x
e
x
1
_
dx
= lim
t
(ln|e
x
+ 1| ln|e
x
1|)
_
t
2
= lim
t
ln
e
t
+ 1
e
t
1
ln
e
2
+ 1
e
2
1
= ln
_
lim
t
e
t
+ 1
e
t
1
_
ln
e
2
+ 1
e
2
1
= ln
_
lim
t
1 +e
t
1 e
t
_
ln
e
2
+ 1
e
2
1
= ln
e
2
+ 1
e
2
1
,
the integral converges.
20. False; see Example 9, Section 7.7 in the text.
B. Fill in the Blanks
1. 1/5 (see Problem 77 in Exercises 7.7)
2.

, by symmetry.
3.
_

0
e
x
x
dx u =
x, x = u
2
, dx = 2udu
=
_

0
e
u
2
u
(2udu) = 2
_

0
e
u
2
du = 2
_
2
_
=
4. 1 (see Problem 75 in Exercises 7.7, noting p = k)

5. Integrating, we obtain the equation
1
2
e
2t
_
x
0
= lim
k
_
1
2
e
2t
__
k
x
=
1
2
lim
k
2e
2t
_
k
x
.
Then, solving for x, e
2x
e
2(0)
= 0 e
2x
; 2e
2x
= 1; 2x = ln
_
1
2
_
; and
x =
1
2
(0 ln2) = ln
2.
6.
_
sinxln(sinx) dx u = ln(sinx), du = cot xdx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= cos xln(sinx) +
_
cos xcot xdx = cos xln(sinx) +
_
cos
2
x
sinx
dx
= cos xln(sinx) +
_
1 sin
2
x
sinx
dx
= cos xln(sinx) +
_
csc xdx +
_
(sinx) dx
= cos x cos xln(sinx) + ln| csc x cot x| +C
C. Exercises
1.
_
1
x + 9
dx u =
x + 9, x = (u 9)
2
, dx = 2(u 9) du
=
_
2(u 9)
u
du = 2
_
du 18
_
1
u
du = 2u = 18 ln|u| +C
= 2
x + 18 18 ln(
x + 9) +C = 2
x 18 ln(
x + 9) +C
1
2.
_
e
x+1
dx t =
x + 1, x = t
2
1, dx = 2t dt
=
_
e
t
(2t dt) =
_
2te
t
dt u = 2t, du = 2 dt; dv = e
t
dt, v = e
t
= 2te
t
_
2e
t
dt = 2te
t
2e
t
+C = 2
x + 1 e
x+1
2e
x+1
+C
3.
_
x
x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
2
_
(x
2
+ 4)
1/2
(2xdx) =
1
2
_
(x
2
+ 4)
1/2
1/2
_
+C =
_
x
2
+ 4 +C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
4.
_
1
x
2
+ 4
2
d =
_
2 sec
2
4 tan
2
+ 4
d
=
_
sec
2
sec
d =
_
= ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+C = ln
_
x
2
+ 4 +x
+C
1
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
5.
_
1
(x
2
+ 4)
3
2
d =
_
2 sec
2
(4 tan
2
+ 4)
3
d
=
1
32
_
sec
2
sec
6
d =
1
32
_
cos
4
d
=
3
256
+
1
128
sin2 +
1
1024
sin4 +C
=
3
256
tan
1
x
2
+
1
64
sin cos +
1
256
sin cos (cos
2
sin
2
) +C
=
3
256
tan
1
x
2
+
x
32(x
2
+ 4)
+
x
128(x
2
+ 4)
_
4 x
2
x
2
+ 4
_
+C
=
3
256
tan
1
x
2
+
x
32(x
2
+ 4)
+
x
32(x
2
+ 4)
2

x
3
128(x
2
+ 4)
2
+C
6.
_
x
2
x
2
+ 4
dx =
_
x
2
+ 4 4
x
2
+ 4
dx =
_
dx 4
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx = x 2 tan
1
x
2
+C
7.
_
x
2
+ 4
x
2
dx =
_
dx + 4
_
1
x
2
dx = x
4
x
+C
8. Write
3x 1
x(x
2
4)
=
A
x
+
B
x 2
+
C
x + 2
. Then 3x 1 = A(x
2
4) +B(x
2
+2x) +C(x
2
2x).
_
3x 1
x(x
2
4)
dx =
1
4
_
1
x
dx +
5
8
_
1
x 2
dx
7
8
_
1
x + 2
dx
=
1
4
ln|x| +
5
8
ln|x 2|
7
8
ln|x + 2| +C.
9.
_
x 5
x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
2
_
2x
x
2
+ 4
dx 5
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx =
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 4)
5
2
tan
1
x
2
+C
10.
_
3
x + 27
x
dx u =
3
x + 27, x = u
3
27, dx = 3u
2
du
=
_
u
u
3
27
(3u
2
du) = 3
_
u
3
27 + 27
u
3
27
du = 3
_
du + 81
_
1
u
3
27
du
Write
1
u
3
27
=
A
u 3
+
Bu +C
u
2
+ 3u + 9
. Then
1 = A(u
2
+ 3u + 9) + (Bu +C)(u 3) = (A+B)u
2
+ (3A3B +C)u + (9A3C).
Solving A+B = 0 3A3B +C = 0 9A3C = 1
_
3
x + 27
x
dx = 3
_
du + 81
_
1
27
_
1
u 3
du
1
27
_
u
u
2
+ 3u + 9
du
2
9
_
1
u
2
+ 3u + 9
du
_
= 3u + 3 ln|u 3|
3
2
_
2u + 3 3
u
2
+ 3u + 9
du 18
_
1
u
2
+ 3u + 9
du
= 3u + 3 ln|u 3|
3
2
_
2u + 3
u
2
+ 3u + 9
du
27
2
_
1
(u + 3/2)
2
+ 27/4
du
= 3u + 3 ln|u 3|
3
2
ln(u
2
+ 3u + 9) 3
3 tan
1
2u + 3
3
3
+C
= 3
3
x + 27 + 3 ln|
3
x + 27 3|
3
2
ln[(x + 27)
2/3
+ 3(x + 27)
1/3
+ 9]
3
3 tan
1
2
3
x + 27 + 3
3
3
+C.
11.
_
(lnx)
9
x
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx =
_
u
9
du =
1
10
u
10
+C =
1
10
(lnx)
10
+C
12.
_
(ln3x)
2
dx u = (ln3x)
2
, du =
2 ln3x
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(ln3x)
2
2
_
ln3xdx u = ln3x, du =
1
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(ln3x)
2
2
_
xln3x
_
dx
_
= x(ln3x)
2
3xln3x + 2x +C
1
t
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
11.
(lnx)
9
x
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx =
u
9
du =
1
10
u
10
+ C =
1
10
(lnx)
10
+ C
12.
(ln 3x)
2
dx u = (ln3x)
2
, du =
2 ln3x
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(ln 3x)
2
2
ln 3xdx u = ln3x, du =
1
x
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= x(ln 3x)
2
2
xln 3x
dx
= x(ln 3x)
2
3xln 3x + 2x + C
13.
t sin
1
t dt u = sin
1
t, du =
1
1 t
2
dt; dv = t dt, v =
1
2
t
2
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
t
2
1 t
2
dt t = sin, dt = cos d
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
sin
2
cos
cos d =
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
sin
2
d
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
(1 cos 2) d =
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4

1
2
sin 2
+ C
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
sin
1
t +
1
4
sin cos + C
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
sin
1
t +
1
4
t
1 t
2
+ C
TODO gure
14.
lnx
(x 1)
2
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv =
1
(x 1)
2
dx, v =
1
x 1
=
lnx
x 1
+
1
x(x 1)
dx
Write
1
x(x 1)
=
A
x
+
B
x 1
. Then 1 = A(x 1) + Bx. Setting x = 0 and x = 1 gives
A = 1 and B = 1. Thus
lnx
(x 1)
2
dx =
lnx
x 1

1
x
dx +
1
x 1
dx
=
lnx
x 1
ln|x| + ln|x 1| + C =
lnx
x 1
+ ln
x 1
x
+ C.
15.
16.
17.
18.
13.
_
t sin
1
t dt u = sin
1
t, du =
1
1 t
2
dt; dv = t dt, v =
1
2
t
2
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
_
t
2
1 t
2
dt t = sin, dt = cos d
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
_
sin
2
cos
cos d =
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
2
_
sin
2
d
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
_
(1 cos 2) d =
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
_

1
2
sin2
_
+C
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
sin
1
t +
1
4
sin cos +C
=
1
2
t
2
sin
1
t
1
4
sin
1
t +
1
4
t
_
1 t
2
+C
14.
_
lnx
(x 1)
2
dx u = lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv =
1
(x 1)
2
dx, v =
1
x 1
=
lnx
x 1
+
_
1
x(x 1)
dx
Write
1
x(x 1)
=
A
x
+
B
x 1
. Then 1 = A(x 1) + Bx. Setting x = 0 and x = 1 gives
A = 1 and B = 1. Thus
_
lnx
(x 1)
2
dx =
lnx
x 1

_
1
x
dx +
_
1
x 1
dx
=
lnx
x 1
ln|x| + ln|x 1| +C =
lnx
x 1
+ ln
x 1
x
+C.
15.
_
(x + 1)
3
(x 2) dx u = x + 1, x = u 1, dx = du
=
_
u
3
(u 3) du =
_
(u
4
3u
3
) du
=
1
5
u
5
3
4
u
4
+C =
1
5
(x + 1)
5
3
4
(x + 1)
4
+C
16. Write
1
(x + 1)
3
(x 2)
=
A
x + 1
+
B
(x + 1)
2
+
C
(x + 1)
3
+
D
x 2
.
Then 1 = A(x + 1)
2
(x 2) +B(x + 1)(x 2) +C(x 2) +D(x + 1)
3
= (A+D)x
3
+ (B + 3D)x
2
+ (3AB +C + 3D)x + (2A2B 2C +D).
Solving A+D = 0 B + 3D = 0
3AB +C + 3D = 0 2A2B 2C +D = 1
_
1
(x + 1)
3
(x 2)
dx =
1
27
_
1
x + 1
dx
1
9
_
1
(x + 1)
2
dx
1
3
_
1
(x + 1)
3
dx +
1
27
_
1
x 2
dx
=
1
27
ln|x + 1| +
1
9
_
1
x + 1
_
+
1
6
_
1
(x + 1)
2
_
+
1
27
ln|x 2| +C
=
1
27
ln
x 2
x + 1
+
1
9(x + 1)
+
1
6(x + 1)
2
+C.
17.
_
ln(x
2
+ 4) dx u = ln(x
2
+ 4), du =
2x
x
2
+ 4
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln(x
2
+ 4)
_
2x
2
x
2
+ 4
dx = xln(x
2
+ 4) 2
_
x
2
+ 4 4
x
2
+ 4
dx
= xln(x
2
+ 4) 2
_
dx + 8
_
1
x
2
+ 4
dx = xln(x
2
+ 4) 2x + 4 tan
1
x
2
+C
18.
_
8te
2t
2
u = 2t
2
, du = 4t dt
=
_
2e
u
du = 2e
u
+C = 2e
2t
2
+C
19. Write
1
x
4
+ 10x
3
+ 25x
2
=
A
x
+
B
x
2
+
C
x + 5
+
D
(x + 5)
2
.
Then 1 = Ax(x + 5)
2
+B(x + 5)
2
+Cx
2
(x + 5) +Dx
2
= (A+C)x
3
+ (10A+B + 5C +D)x
2
+ (25A+ 10B)x + 25B.
Solving A+C = 0 10A+B + 5C +D = 0
25A+ 10B = 0 25B = 1
_
1
x
4
+ 10x
3
+ 25x
2
dx =
2
125
_
1
x
dx +
1
25
_
1
x
2
dx +
2
125
_
1
x + 5
dx +
1
25
_
1
(x + 5)
2
dx
=
2
125
ln|x|
1
25
_
1
x
_
+
2
125
ln|x + 5|
1
25
_
1
x + 5
_
+C
20.
_
1
x
2
+ 8x + 25
dx =
_
1
(x + 4)
2
+ 9
dx =
1
3
tan
1
x + 4
3
+C
21. Write
x
x
3
+ 3x
2
9x 27
=
A
x + 3
+
B
(x + 3)
2
+
C
x 3
.
Then x = A(x
2
9) +B(x 3) +C(x + 3)
2
= (A+C)x
2
+ (B + 6C)x + (9A3B + 9C).
Solving A+C = 0 B + 6C = 1 9A3B + 9C = 0
_
x
x
3
+ 3x
2
9x 27
dx =
1
12
_
1
x + 3
dx +
1
2
_
1
(x + 3)
2
dx +
1
12
_
1
x 3
dx
=
1
12
ln|x + 3|
1
2
_
1
x + 3
_
+
1
12
ln|x 3| +C
=
1
12
ln
x 3
x + 3
1
2(x + 3)
+C.
22. Write
x + 1
(x
2
x)(x
2
+ 3)
=
A
x
+
B
x 1
+
Cx +D
x
2
+ 3
.
Then x + 1 = A(x 1)(x
2
+ 3) +Bx(x
2
+ 3) + (Cx +D)(x
2
x)
= (A+B +C)x
3
+ (AC +D)x
2
+ (3A+ 3B D)x 3A.
Solving A+B +C = 0 AC +D = 0
3A+ 3B D = 1 3A = 1
_
x + 1
(x
2
x)(x
2
+ 3)
dx =
1
3
_
1
x
dx +
1
2
_
1
x 1
dx
1
6
_
x
x
2
+ 3
dx
1
2
_
1
x
2
+ 3
dx
=
1
3
ln|x| +
1
2
ln|x 1|
1
12
ln(x
2
+ 3)
1
2
3
tan
1
x
3
+C.
23.
_
sin
2
t
cos
2
t
dt =
_
tan
2
t dt =
_
(sec
2
t 1) dt = tant t +C
24.
_
sin
3
(cos )
3/2
d =
_
1 cos
2
(cos )
3/2
sin d u = cos , du = sin d
=
_
1 u
2
u
3/2
du =
_
(u
1/2
u
3/2
) du =
u
3/2
3/2
+
u
1/2
1/2
+C
=
2
3
(cos )
3/2
+
2
(cos )
1/2
+C
25.
_
tan
10
xsec
4
xdx =
_
tan
10
x(tan
2
x + 1) sec
2
xdx u = tanx, du = sec
2
xdx
=
_
u
10
(u
2
+ 1) du =
_
(u
12
+u
10
) du =
1
13
u
13
+
1
11
u
11
+C
=
1
13
tan
13
x +
1
11
tan
11
x +C
26. Write
xtanx
cos x
=
xsinx
cos
2
x
. Now
_
xsinx
cos
2
x
dx u =
x
cos
2
x
, du =
cos
2
x + 2xcos xsinx
cos
4
x
=
x
cos x
+
_
cos
2
x + 2xcos xsinx
cos
3
x
dx =
x
cos x
+
_
sec xdx + 2
_
xsinx
cos
2
x
dx
=
x
cos x
+ ln| sec x + tanx| + 2
_
xsinx
cos
2
x
dx
_
xsinx
cos
2
x
dx =
x
cos x
ln| sec x + tanx| +C.
27.
_
y cos y dy u = y, du = dy; dv = cos y dy, v = siny
= y siny
_
siny dy = y siny + cos y +C
28.
_
x
2
sinx
3
dx =
1
3
cos x
3
+C
29.
_
(1 + sin
2
t) cos
3
t dt =
_
(1 + sin
2
t)(1 sin
2
t) cos t dt =
_
(1 sin
4
t) cos t dt
u = sint, du = cos t dt
=
_
(1 u
4
) du = u
1
5
u
5
+C = sint
1
5
sin
5
t +C
30.
_
sec
3
tan
d =
_
sec
2
tan
2
sec tan d =
_
sec
2
sec
2
1
sec tan d
u = sec , du = sec tan d
=
_
u
2
u
2
1
du =
_
u
2
1 + 1
u
2
1
du =
_
du +
_
1
u
2
1
du
Write
1
u
2
1
=
A
u 1
+
B
u + 1
. Then 1 = A(u + 1) + B(u 1). Setting u = 1 and u = 1
gives A = 1/2 and B = 1/2. Thus
_
sec
3
tan
d =
_
du +
1
2
_
1
u 1
du
1
2
_
1
u + 1
du = u +
1
2
ln|u 1|
1
2
ln|u + 1| +C
= u +
1
2
ln
u 1
u + 1
+C = sec +
1
2
ln
sec 1
sec + 1
+C.
31.
_
e
w
(1 +e
w
)
5
dw u = 1 +e
w
, du = e
w
dw
=
_
u
5
du =
1
6
u
6
+C =
1
6
(1 +e
w
)
6
+C
32.
_
(x 1)e
x
dx u = x 1, du = dx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= (x 1)e
x
+
_
e
x
dx = (x 1)e
x
e
x
+C
33.
_
cot
3
4xdx =
_
(csc
2
4x 1) cot 4xdx =
_
csc 4xcsc 4xcot 4xdx
_
cot 4xdx
u = csc 4x, du = 4 csc 4xcot 4xdx
=
1
4
_
udu
1
4
ln| sin4x| +C =
1
8
u
2
1
4
ln| sin4x| +C
=
1
8
csc
2
4x
1
4
ln| sin4x| +C
34.
_
(3 sec x)
2
dx =
_
(9 6 sec x + sec
2
x) dx = 9 6 ln| sec x + tanx| + tanx +C
35.
_
/4
0
cos
2
xtanxdx =
_
/4
0
cos xsinxdx =
1
2
_
/4
0
sin2xdx =
1
4
cos 2x
_
/4
0
=
1
4
(0 1) =
1
4
36.
_
/3
0
sin
4
xtanxdx =
_
/3
0
(1 cos
2
x)
2
sinx
cos x
dx u = cos x, du = sinxdx
=
_
1/2
1
(1 u
2
)
2
u
du =
_
1/2
1
_
1
u
2u +u
3
_
du
=
_
ln|u| u
2
+
1
4
u
4
__
1/2
1
=
__
ln
1
2

15
64
_
3
4
__
= ln2
33
64
37.
_
sinx
1 + sinx
dx =
_
(sinx)(1 sinx)
(1 + sinx)(1 sinx)
dx =
_
sinx sin
2
x
1 sin
2
x
dx
=
_ _
sinx
cos
2
x

sin
2
x
cos
2
x
_
dx =
_ _
1
cos x
_
sinx
cos x
_
tan
2
x
_
dx
=
_
[sec xtanx (sec
2
x 1)] dx = sec x tanx +x +C
Alternatively, the substitution u = tan
x
2
leads to the equivalent solution
_
sinx
1 + sinx
dx = x +
2
1 + tanx/2
+C.
38.
_
cos x
1 + sinx
dx u = 1 + sinx, du = cos xdx
=
_
1
u
du = ln|u| +C = ln(1 + sinx) +C
39. Write
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
=
A
x + 1
+
B
x + 2
+
C
x + 3
.
Then 1 = A(x + 2)(x + 3) +B(x + 1)(x + 3) +C(x + 1)(x + 2).
Setting x = 1, x = 2, and x = 3 gives A = 1/2, B = 1, and C = 1/2. Thus
_
1
0
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
dx =
1
2
_
1
0
1
x + 1
dx
_
1
0
1
x + 2
dx +
1
2
_
1
0
1
x + 3
dx
=
1
2
ln|x + 1|
_
1
0
ln|x + 2|
_
1
0
+
1
2
ln|x + 3|
_
1
0
=
1
2
(ln2 ln1) (ln3 ln2) +
1
2
(ln4 ln3) =
5
2
ln2
3
2
ln3.
40.
_
ln 2
ln 3
e
x
+ 1 dx u =
e
x
+ 1, x = ln(u
2
1), dx =
2u
u
2
1
du
=
_

3
2
2u
2
u
2
1
du = 2
_

3
2
u
2
1 + 1
u
2
1
du = 2
_

3
2
du + 2
_

3
2
1
u
2
1
du
= 2u
_
3
2
+ 2
_

3
2
1/2
u 1
du + 2
_

3
2
1/2
u + 1
du
= 2
3 4 + ln|u 1|
_
3
2
ln|u + 1|
_
3
2
= 2
3 4 + ln(
3 1) [ln(
3 + 1) ln3] = 2
3 4 + ln
3 1
3 + 1
+ ln3
41.
_
e
x
cos 3xdx u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
3
sin3x
=
1
3
e
x
sin3x
1
3
_
e
x
sin3xdx
u = e
x
, du = e
x
1
3
cos 3x
=
1
3
e
x
sin3x
1
3
_
1
3
e
x
cos 3x +
1
3
_
e
x
cos 3xdx
_
_
e
x
cos 3xdx =
3
10
e
x
sin3x +
1
10
e
x
cos 3x +C.
42.
_
x(x 5)
9
dx u = x 5, du = dx
=
_
(u + 5)u
9
du =
_
(u
10
+ 5u
9
) du =
1
11
u
11
+
1
2
u
10
+C
=
1
11
(x 5)
11
+
1
2
(x 5)
10
+C
43.
_
cos(lnt) dt u = cos(lnt), du =
sin(lnt)
t
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= t cos(lnt) +
_
sin(lnt) dt
u = sin(lnt), du =
cos(lnt)
t
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= t cos(lnt) +t sin(lnt)
_
cos(lnt) dt
_
cos(lnt) dt =
1
2
t cos(lnt) +
1
2
t sin(lnt) +C.
44.
_
sec
2
xln(tanx) dx u = ln(tanx), du =
sec
2
x
tanx
dx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= tanxln(tanx)
_
sec
2
xdx = tanxln(tanx) tanx +C
45.
_
cos
xdx t =
x, x = t
2
, dx = 2t dt
= 2
_
t cos t dt u = t, du = dt; dv = cos t dt, v = sint
= 2t sint 2
_
sint dt = 2t sint + 2 cos t +C
= 2
xsin
x + 2 cos
x +C
46.
_
cos
x
dx u =
x, du =
1
2
x
dx = 2
_
cos udu = 2 sinu +C = 2 sin
x +C
47.
_
cos xsin2xdx = 2
_
cos
2
xsinxdx u = cos x, du = sinxdx
= 2
_
u
2
du =
2
3
u
3
+C =
2
3
cos
3
x +C
48.
_
(cos
2
x sin
2
x) dx =
_
cos 2xdx =
1
2
sin2x +C
49.
_
_
x
2
+ 2x + 5 dx =
_
_
(x + 1)
2
+ 4 dx x + 1 = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
2
x + 1
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
44.
sec
2
sec
2
x
tanx
dx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= tanxln(tanx)
sec
2
xdx = tanxln(tanx) tanx + C
45.
cos
xdx t =
x, x = t
2
, dx = 2t dt
= 2

= 2t sint 2
sint dt = 2t sint + 2 cos t + C

= 2
xsin
x + 2 cos
x + C
46.
cos
x
dx u =
x, du =
1
2
x
dx = 2
cos udu = 2 sinu + C = 2 sin
x + C
47.
cos xsin 2xdx = 2
cos
2
= 2
u
2
du =
2
3
u
3
+ C =
2
3
cos
3
x + C
48.
(cos
2
x sin
2
x) dx =
cos 2xdx =
1
2
sin 2x + C
49.

x
2
+ 2x + 5 dx =

(x + 1)
2
+ 4 dx x + 1 = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4(2 sec
2
d) = 4
sec
3
d
=
1
2
(x + 1)
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 2x + 5
2
+
x + 1
2
+ C
=
1
2
(x + 1)
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + x + 1
+ C
1
TODO gure
50.
1
(8 2x x
2
)
3/2
dx =
1
[9 (x + 1)
2
]
3/2
dx x + 1 = 3 sin, dx = 3 cos d
=
3 cos
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
d =
1
9
cos
cos
3
d =
1
9
sec
2
d
=
1
9
tan + C =
x + 1
9
8 2x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
=
_
_
4 tan
2
+ 4(2 sec
2
d) = 4
_
sec
3
d
= 2 sec tan + 2 ln| sec + tan| +C
=
1
2
(x + 1)
_
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 2x + 5
2
+
x + 1
2
+C
=
1
2
(x + 1)
_
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
_
x
2
+ 2x + 5 +x + 1
+C
1
50.
_
1
(8 2x x
2
)
3/2
dx =
_
1
[9 (x + 1)
2
]
3/2
3
x + 1
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
44.
sec
2
sec
2
x
tanx
dx; dv = sec
2
xdx, v = tanx
= tanxln(tanx)
sec
2
xdx = tanxln(tanx) tanx + C
45.
cos
xdx t =
x, x = t
2
, dx = 2t dt
= 2

= 2t sint 2
sint dt = 2t sint + 2 cos t + C

= 2
xsin
x + 2 cos
x + C
46.
cos
x
dx u =
x, du =
1
2
x
dx = 2
cos udu = 2 sinu + C = 2 sin
x + C
47.
cos xsin 2xdx = 2
cos
2
= 2
u
2
du =
2
3
u
3
+ C =
2
3
cos
3
x + C
48.
(cos
2
x sin
2
x) dx =
cos 2xdx =
1
2
sin 2x + C
49.

x
2
+ 2x + 5 dx =

(x + 1)
2
+ 4 dx x + 1 = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4(2 sec
2
d) = 4
sec
3
d
=
1
2
(x + 1)
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 2x + 5
2
+
x + 1
2
+ C
=
1
2
(x + 1)
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + x + 1
+ C
1
TODO gure
50.
1
(8 2x x
2
)
3/2
dx =
1
[9 (x + 1)
2
]
3/2
=
3 cos
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
d =
1
9
cos
cos
3
d =
1
9
sec
2
d
=
1
9
tan + C =
x + 1
9
8 2x x
2
+ C
TODO gure
=
_
3 cos
(9 9 sin
2
)
3/2
d =
1
9
_
cos
cos
3
d =
1
9
_
sec
2
d
=
1
9
tan +C =
x + 1
9
8 2x x
2
+C
51.
_
tan
5
xsec
3
xdx =
_
tan
4
xsec
2
xsec xtanxdx =
_
(sec
2
x 1)
2
sec
2
xsec xtanxdx
u = sec x, du = sec xtanxdx
=
_
(u
2
1)
2
u
2
du =
_
(u
6
2u
4
+u
2
) du =
1
7
u
7
2
5
u
5
+
1
3
u
3
+C
=
1
7
sec
7
x
2
5
sec
5
x +
1
3
sec
3
x +C
52.
_
cos
4
x
2
dx =
1
4
_
(1 + cos x)
2
dx =
1
4
_
(1 + 2 cos x + cos
2
x) dx
=
1
4
_ _
1 + 2 cos x +
1 + cos 2x
2
_
dx =
1
4
_ _
3
2
+ 2 cos x +
1
2
cos 2x
_
dx
=
3
8
x +
1
2
sinx +
1
16
sin2x +C
53.
_
t
5
1 +t
2
dt =
_ _
t
3
t +
t
1 +t
2
_
dt =
1
4
t
4
1
2
t
2
+
1
2
ln(1 +t
2
) +C
54.
_
1
1 x
2
dx = sin
1
x +C
55.
_
5x
3
+x
2
+ 6x + 1
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx =
_
(5x + 1)(x
2
+ 1) +x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx =
_
5x + 1
x
2
+ 1
dx +
_
x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx
=
_
5x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
_
1
x
2
+ 1
dx +
_
x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx
=
5
2
ln(x
2
+ 1) + tan
1
x
1
2(x
2
+ 1)
+C
3
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
51.
tan
5
xsec
3
xdx =
tan
4
xsec
2
xsec xtanxdx =
(sec
2
x 1)
2
sec
2
xsec xtanxdx
u = sec x, du = sec xtanxdx
=
(u
2
1)
2
u
2
du =
(u
6
2u
4
+ u
2
) du =
1
7
u
7
2
5
u
5
+
1
3
u
3
+ C
=
1
7
sec
7
x
2
5
sec
5
x +
1
3
sec
3
x + C
52.
cos
4
x
2
dx =
1
4
(1 + cos x)
2
dx =
1
4
(1 + 2 cos x + cos
2
x) dx
=
1
4

1 + 2 cos x +
1 + cos 2x
2
dx =
1
4

3
2
+ 2 cos x +
1
2
cos 2x
dx
=
3
8
x +
1
2
sinx +
1
16
sin 2x + C
53.
t
5
1 + t
2
dt =

t
3
t +
t
1 + t
2
dt =
1
4
t
4
1
2
t
2
+
1
2
ln(1 + t
2
) + C
54.
1 x
2
dx = sin
1
x + C
55.
5x
3
+ x
2
+ 6x + 1
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx =
(5x + 1)(x
2
+ 1) + x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx =
5x + 1
x
2
+ 1
dx +
x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx
=
5x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
1
x
2
+ 1
dx +
x
(x
2
+ 1)
2
dx
=
5
2
ln(x
2
+ 1) + tan
1
x
1
2(x
2
+ 1)
+ C
56.

x
2
+ 9
x
2
2
d
=

9 tan
2
+ 9
9 tan
2
(3 sec
2
d) =
sec
3
tan
2
d =
sec
3
sec
2
1
d
=

sec +
sec
sec
2
1
d = ln| sec + tan| +
sec
tan
2
d
= ln| sec + tan| +
cos
sin
2
d u = sin, du = cos d
= ln| sec + tan| +
1
u
2
du = ln| sec + tan|
1
u
+ C
= ln| sec + tan|
1
sin
+ C = ln
x
2
+ 9
3
+
x
3
x
2
+ 9
x
+ C
= ln
x
2
+ 9 + x
x
2
+ 9
x
+ C
1
TODO gure
56.
_

x
2
+ 9
x
2
2
d
=
_

9 tan
2
+ 9
9 tan
2
(3 sec
2
d) =
_
sec
3
tan
2
d =
_
sec
3
sec
2
1
d
=
_ _
sec +
sec
sec
2
1
_
d = ln| sec + tan| +
_
sec
tan
2
d
= ln| sec + tan| +
_
cos
sin
2
d u = sin, du = cos d
= ln| sec + tan| +
_
1
u
2
du = ln| sec + tan|
1
u
+C
= ln| sec + tan|
1
sin
+C = ln
x
2
+ 9
3
+
x
3
x
2
+ 9
x
+C
= ln
_
x
2
+ 9 +x
x
2
+ 9
x
+C
1
57.
_
xsin
2
xdx u = xsinx, du = (xcos x + sinx) dx; dv = sinxdx, v = cos x
= xsinxcos x +
_
xcos
2
xdx +
_
sinxcos xdx
=
1
2
xsin2x +
_
x(1 sin
2
x) dx +
1
2
_
sin2xdx
=
1
2
xsin2x +
1
2
x
2
_
xsin
2
xdx
1
4
cos 2x
_
xsin
2
xdx =
1
4
x
2
1
4
xsin2x
1
8
cos 2x +C.
58.
_
(t + 1)
2
e
3t
dt u = (t + 1)
2
, du = 2(t + 1) dt; dv = e
3t
dt, v =
1
3
e
3t
=
1
3
(t + 1)
2
e
3t
2
3
_
(t + 1)e
3t
dt
u = t + 1, du = dt; dv = e
3t
dt, v =
1
3
e
3t
=
1
3
(t + 1)
2
e
3t
2
3
_
1
3
(t + 1)e
3t
1
3
_
e
3t
dt
_
=
1
3
(t + 1)
2
e
3t
2
9
(t + 1)e
3t
+
2
27
e
3t
+C
59.
_
e
sin x
sin2xdx =
_
e
sin x
(2 sinxcos x) dx = 2
_
e
sin x
sinxcos xdx
u = sinx, du = cos xdx; dv = e
sin x
cos x, v = e
sin x
= 2e
sin x
sinx 2
_
e
sin x
cos xdx = 2e
sin x
sinx 2e
sin x
+C
60.
_
e
x
tan
2
e
x
dx u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx
=
_
tan
2
udu =
_
(sec
2
u 1) du = tanu u +C = tane
x
e
x
+C
61.
_
/6
0
cos x
1 + sinx
dx u = 1 + sinx, du = cos xdx
=
_
3/2
1
1
u
du = 2
u
_
3/2
1
= 2
_
3/2 2 =
6 2
62. Using Mathematica we nd
_
/2
0
1
sinx + cos x
dx =
1
2
ln
1 +
2
1 +
2
.
63.
_
sinh
1
t dt u = sinh
1
t, du =
1
t
2
+ 1
dt; dv = dt, v = t
= t sinh
1
t
_
t
t
2
+ 1
dt = t sinh
1
t
_
t
2
+ 1 +C
64.
_
xcot x
2
dx =
1
2
ln| sinx
2
| +C
65.
_
8
3
1
x
x + 1
dx u
2
= x + 1, 2udu = dx
=
_
3
2
2u
(u
2
1)u
du =
_
3
2
2
(u 1)(u + 1)
du =
_
3
2
1
u 1
du
_
3
2
1
u + 1
du
= ln|u 1|
_
3
2
ln|u + 1|
_
3
2
= ln2 ln
4
3
= ln
3
2
66.
_
t + 3
t
2
+ 2t + 1
dt =
_
t + 1 + 2
(t + 1)
2
dt =
_
1
t + 1
dt +
_
2
(t + 1)
2
dt = ln|t + 1|
2
t + 1
+C
67.
_
sec
4
3u
cot
12
3u
du =
_
tan
12
3usec
2
3usec
2
3udu =
_
tan
12
3u(1 + tan
2
3u) sec
2
3udu
=
1
39
tan
13
3u +
1
45
tan
15
3u +C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
=
81
4
(1 + 2 cos 2 + cos
2
2) d =
81
4

1 + 2 cos 2 +
1 + cos 4
2
d
=
81
4

3
2
+ 2 cos 2 +
1
2
cos 4
d =
81
4
3
2
+ sin 2 +
1
8
sin 4
+ C
=
243
8
+
81
4
sin 2 +
81
32
sin 4 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
16
sin 2 cos 2 + C
=
243
8
+
81
2
sin cos +
81
8
sin cos (1 2 sin
2
) + C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
1
2
+
1
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
+ 81 sin cos
5
8

1
4
sin
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+ 9x
9 x
2
5
8

1
36
x
2
+ C
=
243
8
sin
1
x
3
+
1
8
x
9 x
2
(45 2x
2
) + C
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2
1
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot +C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x +C
2
x
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
2
x
1.

1 x2
=

1 sin2
sin2
cos d =
cos2
sin2
d =
cot2 d
=
(csc2 1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin1 x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec4 d
= 8
(1 + tan2 ) sec2 d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x2 4)3/2 + C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.

1 x2
x2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x3
x2 4
=
8 sec3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
2.
x
3
x2 4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec2 4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x2 4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+C
3.
x
2
36
dx = cosh
1
x
6
+C = ln
x +
x
2
36
2
+C, x > 6
4.

3 x
2
dx x =
3 sin, dx =
3 cos d
=

3 3 sin
2
3 cos d = 3
cos
2
d = 3
1 + cos 2
2
d
=
3
2
+
1
2
sin 2
+C =
3
2
+
3
2
sin cos +C
=
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
3
2
3

3 x
2
3
+C =
3
2
sin
1
x
3
+
x
2
3 x
2
+C
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
4+
11.

4 + x
2
2
d
=

4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d = 4
sec
3
d
= 2
x
2
+ 4
2
x
2
+ 2 ln
x
2
+ 4
2
+
x
2
+ C
=
x
2
x
2
+ 4 + 2 ln
x
2
+ 4 + x
+ C
1
12.
x
25 + x
2
dx =
1
2
1
25 + x
2
(2xdx) =
1
2
ln(25 + x
2
) + C
13.
25 x
2
dx = sin
1
x
5
+ C
14.
1
x
x
2
25
dx =
1
5
sec
1
|x|
5
+ C
4
x
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
16.
1
x
2
16 x
2
=
4 cos
16 sin
2
16 16 sin
2
=
1
16
csc
2
d
=
1
16
cot + C
=
1
16
16 x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
17.
1
x
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
d =
csc d
1 + x
2
x

1
x
+ C
TODO gure
x
3 x
2
3 sin
18.
1
x
2
1 + x
2
2
d
=
sec
2
tan
2
1 + tan
2
d =
sec
tan
2
d =
(sin)
2
cos d
= (sin)
1
+ C = csc + C =
1 + x
2
x
+ C
TODO gure
1
x
1 x
2
19.

1 x
2
x
4
=

1 sin
2
sin
4
cos d =
cos
2
sin
4
d =
cot
2
csc
2
d
=
1
3
cot
3
+ C =
1
3
1 x
2
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+ C
x
3 x
2
3 sin
20.

x
2
1
x
4
=
tan
sec
4
sec tan d =
tan
2
sec
3
d =
sin
2
cos d
=
1
3
sin
3
+ C =
1
3
x
2
1
x
3
+ C =
1
3x
3
(x
2
1)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
15.
1
x
16 x
2
=
4 cos
4 sin
16 16 sin
2
d =
1
4
csc d
=
1
4
ln| csc cot | + C =
1
4
ln
4
x

16 x
2
x
+ C
68.
_
2
0
x
5
_
x
2
+ 4 dx x = 2 tan, dx = 2 sec
2
d
=
_
/4
0
32 tan
5
_
4 tan
2
+ 4 2 sec
2
d
= 128
_
/4
0
tan
5
sec
3
d = 128
_
/4
0
tan
4
sec
2
tan sec d
= 128
_
/4
0
(sec
2
1)
2
sec
2
tan sec d
= 128
_
/4
0
(sec
6
2 sec
4
+ sec
2
) tan sec d
= 128
_
1
7
sec
7

2
5
sec
5
+
1
3
sec
3
__
/4
0
= 128
__
(
2)
7
7

2(
2)
5
5
+
(
2)
3
3
_
_
1
7

2
5
+
1
3
_
_
= 128
_
22
105
2
8
105
_
=
256
105
(11
2 4)
69.
_
3 + sinx
cos
2
x
dx =
_
3 sec
2
xdx +
_
tanxsec xdx = 3 tanx + sec x +C
70.
_
sin2x
5 + cos
2
x
dx =
_
2 sinxcos x
5 + cos
2
x
dx u = cos x, du = sinxdx
=
_
2u
5 +u
2
du = ln(5 +u
2
) +C = ln(5 + cos
2
x) +C
71.
_
x(1 + lnx)
2
dx u = (1 + lnx)
2
, du =
2(1 + lnx)
x
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
(1 + lnx)
2
_
x(1 + lnx) dx
u = 1 + lnx, du =
1
x
dx; dv = xdx, v =
1
2
x
2
=
1
2
x
2
(1 + lnx)
2
_
1
2
x
2
(1 + lnx)
_
1
2
xdx
_
=
1
2
x
2
(1 + lnx) lnx
1
2
x
2
(1 + lnx) +
1
4
x
2
+C
72.
_
xcos
2
xdx =
1
2
_
x(1 + cos 2x) dx =
1
4
x
2
+
1
2
_
xcos 2xdx
1
2
sin2x
=
1
4
x
2
+
1
2
_
1
2
xsin2x
1
2
_
sin2xdx
_
=
1
4
x
2
+
1
4
xsin2x +
1
8
cos 2x +C
73.
_
e
x
e
e
x
dx u = e
x
, du = e
x
dx =
_
e
u
du = e
u
+C = e
e
x
+C
74.
_
1
x + 1
x
dx =
_

x + 1 +
x
x + 1 x
dx =
_
(
x + 1
x) dx
=
2
3
(x + 1)
3/2
+
2
3
x
3/2
+C
75.
_
2t
1 +e
t
2
dt u = t
2
, du = 2t dt
=
_
1
1 +e
u
du =
_
e
u
e
u
+ 1
du v = e
u
, dv = e
u
du
=
_
1
v + 1
(dv) = ln|v + 1| +C = ln(e
u
+ 1) +C = ln(e
t
2
+ 1) +C
76.
_
cos xcos 2xdx =
_
cos x(1 2 sin
2
x) dx =
_
cos xdx 2
_
sin
2
xcos xdx
= sinx
2
3
sin
3
x +C
77.
_
1
_
1 (5x + 2)
2
dx =
1
5
_
5
_
1 (5x + 2)
2
dx =
1
5
sin
1
(5x + 2) +C
78.
_
(ln2x) lnxdx u = ln2x, du =
1
x
dx; dv = lnxdx, v = xlnx x
= (ln2x)(xlnx x)
_
(lnx 1) dx = (ln2x)(xlnx x)
_
lnxdx +x
= (ln2x)(xlnx x) xlnx + 2x +C
79.
_
cos xln| sinx| dx u = ln| sinx|, du =
cos x
sinx
= sinxln| sinx|
_
cos xdx = sinxln| sinx| sinx +C
80.
_
ln
_
x + 1
x 1
_
dx =
_
ln(x + 1) dx
_
ln(x 1) dx
u = ln(x + 1), du =
1
x + 1
dx; dv = dx, v = x
u = ln(x 1), du =
1
x 1
dx; dv = dx, v = x
= xln(x + 1)
_
x
x + 1
dx xln(x 1) +
_
x
x 1
dx
= xln
_
x + 1
x 1
_
_
x + 1 1
x + 1
dx +
_
x 1 + 1
x 1
dx
= xln
_
x + 1
x 1
_
_ _
1
1
x + 1
_
dx +
_ _
1 +
1
x 1
_
dx
= xln
_
x + 1
x 1
_
x + ln(x + 1) +x + ln(x 1) +C
= xln
_
x + 1
x 1
_
+ ln(x
2
1) +C
81.
_
3
0
x(x
2
9)
2/3
dx = lim
t3
_
t
0
x(x
2
9)
2/3
dx = lim
t3
3
2
(x
2
9)
1/3
_
t
0
= lim
t3
_
3
2
(t
2
9)
1/3
3
2
(9)
1/3
_
=
3
3
9
2
82.
_
5
0
x(x
2
9)
2/3
dx = lim
t3
_
t
0
x(x
2
9)
2/3
dx + lim
s3
+
_
5
s
x(x
2
9)
2/3
dx
= lim
t3
3
2
(x
2
9)
1/3
_
t
0
+ lim
s3
+
3
2
(x
2
9)
1/3
_
5
s
= lim
t3
_
3
2
(t
2
9)
1/3
3
2
(9)
1/3
_
+ lim
s3
+
_
3
2
(16)
1/3
3
2
(s
2
9)
1/3
_
=
3
3
9
2
+ 3
3
2
83.
_
0
(x + 1)e
x
dx = lim
s
_
0
s
(x + 1)e
x
dx u = x + 1, du = dx; dv = e
x
dx, v = e
x
= lim
s
_
(x + 1)e
x
_
0
s
_
0
s
e
x
dx
_
= lim
s
_
1 (s + 1)e
s
e
x
_
0
s
_
= lim
s
[1 (s + 1)e
s
1 +e
s
] = lim
s
(se
s
) Let t = s
= lim
t
te
t
= lim
t
t
e
t
h
= lim
t
1
e
t
= 0
84.
_

0
e
2x
e
4x
+ 1
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
e
2x
e
4x
+ 1
dx u = e
2x
, du = 2e
2x
dx
= lim
t
_
e
2t
1
1/2
u
2
+ 1
du = lim
t
1
2
tan
1
u
_
e
2t
1
= lim
t
_
1
2
tan
1
e
2t
1
2
_
4
_
_
=
1
2
_
2
_
1
2
_
4
_
=

8
85.
_

3
1
1 + 5x
dx = lim
t
_
t
3
1
1 + 5x
dx = lim
t
1
5
ln|1 + 5x|
_
t
3
= lim
t
_
1
5
ln|1 + 5t|
1
5
ln16
_
86.
_

0
x
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
x
(x
2
+ 4)
2
dx = lim
t
_
1
2

1
x
2
+ 4
__
t
0
= lim
t
_
1
8

1
2t
2
+ 8
_
=
1
8
87.
_
e
0
ln
xdx = lim
s0
+
_
e
s
1
2
lnxdx = lim
s0
+
1
2
(xlnx x)
_
e
s
= lim
s0
+
_
_
e
2

e
2
_
1
2
(s lns s)
_
= lim
s0
+
_
1 lns
2/s
_
h
= lim
s0
+
1/s
2/s
2
= lim
s0
+
s = 0
88.
_
/2
0
sec
2
t
tan
3
t
dt =
_
/2
0
cos t
sin
3
t
dt = lim
s0
+
_
/2
s
(sint)
3
cos t dt = lim
s0
+
_
1
2
(sint)
2
_
/2
s
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2 sin
2
t
__
/2
s
= lim
s0
+
_
1
2 sin
2
s
1
2
_
89.
_
/2
0
1
1 cos x
dx = lim
s0
+
_
/2
s
1
1 cos x
_
1 + cos x
1 + cos x
_
dx = lim
s0
+
_
/2
s
1 + cos x
sin
2
x
dx
= lim
s0
+
_
/2
s
(csc
2
x + cot xcsc x) dx = lim
s0
+
(cot x csc x)
_
/2
s
= lim
s0
+
(cot s + csc s 0 1)
Since lim
s0
+
cot s = + and lim
s0
+
csc s = +, the integral diverges.
90.
_

0
x
x + 1
dx = lim
t
_
t
0
_
1
1
x + 1
_
dx = lim
t
(x ln|x + 1|)
_
t
0
= lim
t
[t ln(t + 1)]
= lim
t
[lne
t
ln(t + 1)] = lim
t
ln
e
t
t + 1
= ln
_
lim
t
e
t
t + 1
_
h
= ln
_
lim
t
e
t
1
_
91.
_
1
0
1
xe
x
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx u = x
1/2
, du =
1
2
x
1/2
dx
= lim
s0
+
_
1
s
2e
u
du = lim
s0
+
(2e
u
)
_
1
s
= lim
s0
+
(2e
s
2e
1
) = 2 2e
1
92.
_

0
1
xe
x
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx + lim
t
_
t
1
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx
u = x
1/2
, du =
1
2
x
1/2
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
2e
u
du + lim
t
_

t
1
2e
u
du
= lim
s0
+
(2e
u
)
_
1
s
+ lim
t
(2e
u
)
_
t
1
= lim
s0
+
(2e
s
2e
1
) + lim
t
(2e
1
2e
t
) = 2 2e
1
+ 2e
1
= 2
93.
_

1
x
(1 +x)
2
dx = lim
t
_
t
1
x
(1 +x)
2
dx x = u
2
, dx = 2udu
= lim
t
_

t
1
u
(1 +u
2
)
2
(2udu) = 2 lim
t
_

t
1
u
2
(1 +u
2
)
2
du
= 2 lim
t
_

t
1
1 +u
2
1
(1 +u
2
)
2
du = 2 lim
t
_

t
1
_
1
1 +u
2

1
(1 +u
2
)
2
_
du
= 2 lim
t
_
tan
1
u
_
t
1
_

t
1
1
(1 +u
2
)
2
du
_
= 2 lim
t
_
tan
1
t

4

_

t
1
1
(1 +u
2
)
2
du
_
u = tan, du = sec
2
d
= 2
_
2

4
lim
t
_
tan
1
t
/4
sec
2
d
(1 + tan
2
)
2
_
=

2
2 lim
t
_
tan
1
t
/4
sec
2
d
sec
4
=

2
2 lim
t
_
tan
1
t
/4
cos
2
d =

2
2 lim
t
_
tan
1
t
/4
1
2
(1 + cos 2) d
1
1.

1 x
2
x
2
=

1 sin
2
sin
2
cos d =
cos
2
sin
2
d =
cot
2
d
=
(csc
2
1) d = cot + C =
1 x
2
x
sin
1
x + C
TODO gure
2.
x
3
x
2
4
=
8 sec
3
4 sec
2
4
(2 sec tan) d = 8
sec
4
d
= 8
(1 + tan
2
) sec
2
d = 8
tan +
1
3
tan
3
+ C
= 4
x
2
4 +
1
3
(x
2
4)
3/2
+ C
TODO gure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
90.

0
x
x + 1
dx = lim
t
t
0
1
1
x + 1
dx = lim
t
(x ln|x + 1|)
t
0
= lim
t
[t ln(t + 1)]
= lim
t
[lne
t
ln(t + 1)] = lim
t
ln
e
t
t + 1
= ln
lim
t
e
t
t + 1
h
= ln
lim
t
e
t
1

91.
1
0
1
xe
x
dx = lim
s0
+
1
s
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx u = x
1/2
, du =
1
2
x
1/2
dx
= lim
s0
+
s
2e
u
du = lim
s0
+
(2e
u
)
s
= lim
s0
+
(2e
s
2e
1
) = 2 2e
1
92.

0
1
xe
x
dx = lim
s0
+
1
s
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx + lim
t
t
1
x
1/2
e
x
1/2
dx
u = x
1/2
, du =
1
2
x
1/2
dx = lim
s0
+
s
2e
u
du + lim
t
t
1
2e
u
du
= lim
s0
+
(2e
u
)
s
+ lim
t
(2e
u
)
t
1
= lim
s0
+
(2e
s
2e
1
) + lim
t
(2e
1
2e
t
) = 2 2e
1
+ 2e
1
= 2
93.
x
(1 + x)
2
dx = lim
t
t
1
x
(1 + x)
2
dx x = u
2
, dx = 2udu
= lim
t

t
1
u
(1 + u
2
)
2
(2udu) = 2 lim
t

t
1
u
2
(1 + u
2
)
2
du
= 2 lim
t

t
1
1 + u
2
1
(1 + u
2
)
2
du = 2 lim
t

t
1
1
1 + u
2

1
(1 + u
2
)
2
du
= 2 lim
t
tan
1
u
t
1

t
1
1
(1 + u
2
)
2
du
= 2 lim
t
tan
1
t

4

t
1
1
(1 + u
2
)
2
du
u = tan, du = sec
2
d
= 2
2

4
lim
t
tan
1
t
/4
sec
2
d
(1 + tan
2
)
2
=

2
2 lim
t
tan
1
t
/4
sec
2
d
sec
4
=

2
2 lim
t
tan
1
t
/4
cos
2
d =

2
2 lim
t
tan
1
t
/4
1
2
(1 + cos 2) d
=

2
2 lim
t
1
2
+
1
4
sin 2
tan
1
t
/4
=

2
2 lim
t
1
2
+
1
2
sin cos
tan
1
t
/4
(c) V = 2
1
0
(1 x)
1
3
1 x
dx = 2 lim
t1
t
0
(1 x)
2/3
dx = 2 lim
t1
3
5
(1 x)
5/3
t
0
= 2 lim
t1
3
5

3
5
(1 t)
5/3
=
6
5
TODO gure
1 + t
99. (a) The horizontal asymptote is y = 1. Using symmetry,
Area(R
1
) = 2
1
x
2
1
x
2
+ 1
dx = 2

0
2
x
2
+ 1
dx = 2 lim
t
t
0
2
x
2
+ 1
dx
= 2 lim
t
2 tan
1
x
t
0
= 2 lim
t
2 tan
1
t = 2.
(b) If the area of R
3
were nite, then, since R
1
has nite area, the area of the innite strip
bounded by x = 0, y = 0, and y = 1 would be nite. The area of the strip is innite, so
the area of R
3
must be innite. By symmetry, the area of R
2
is innite.
100. The total area under the graph of y = xe
x
on [0, ) is

0
xe
x
dx = lim
t
(xe
x
e
x
)
t
0
= 1. The area of the shaded region is
0
xe
x
dx = 1(x
+1)e
x
. We need to solve
1(x
+1)e
x
= 0.99(1) = 0.99 or (x
+1)e
x
0.01 = 0. Letting f(x) = (x+1)e

x
0.01,
Newtons formula is
x
n+1
= x
n
f(x
n
)
f
(x
n
)
= x
n
(x + 1)e
x
0.01
xe
x
.
Since f(6) > 0 and f(7) < 0, we take x
0
= 6.5. Then x
1
6.63055, x
2
6.63833, x
3

6.63835, x
4
6.63835. Thus, x
6.63835.
101. Using the Trapezoidal Rule,
W =
1
0
F(x) dx
1 0
10
[0 + 2(50) + 2(90) + 2(150) + 2(210) + 260] = 126 joules.
102. (a) To compute the rectangular elements of area, we use the midpoints of each of the four
subintervals.
W =
5
1
F(x) dx F(1.5) 1 + F(2.5) 1 + F(3.5) 1 + F(4.5) 1
5.3 + 3.7 + 2.8 + 2.3 = 14.1 joules
(b) Using the Trapezoidal Rule, we nd
W =
5
1
F(x) dx
5 1
8
[F(1) + 2F(2) + 2F(3) + 2F(4) + F(5)]
=
1
2
[7 + 2(4.3) + 2(3.2) + 2(2.5) + 2.0] = 14.5 joules.
=

2
2 lim
t
_
1
2
+
1
4
sin2
__
tan
1
t
/4
=

2
2 lim
t
_
1
2
+
1
2
sin cos
__
tan
1
t
/4
=

2
2 lim
t
_
1
2
tan
1
t +
1
2
_
t
1 +t
_
1
1 +t

8

1
4
_
=

2
2 lim
t
_
1
2
tan
1
t +
1
2
_
t
1 +t
_

8

1
4
_
=

2
2
_
1
2
_
2
_

8

1
4
_
lim
t
1
1/
t +
t
=

4
+
1
2
94.
_

0
1
x(x + 1)
dx = lim
s0
+
_
1
s
1
x(x + 1)
dx + lim
t
_
t
1
1
x(x + 1)
dx x = u
2
, dx = 2udu
= lim
s0
+
_
1
s
2u
u(u
2
+ 1)
du + lim
t
_

t
1
2u
u(u
2
+ 1)
du
= lim
s0
+
2 tan
1
u
_
1
s
+ lim
t
2 tan
1
u
_
t
1
= 2
_
4
_
0 + 2
_
2
_
2
_
4
_
=
95. lim
x
x
_
x
0
e
t
2
dt
e
x
2
h
= lim
x
xe
x
2
+
_
x
0
e
t
2
dt
2xe
x
2
= lim
x
_
_
_
_
1
2
+
_
x
0
e
t
2
dt
2xe
x
2
_
_
_
_
h
=
1
2
+ lim
x
e
x
2
2x(2xe
x
2
) + 2e
x
2
=
1
2
+ lim
x
1
4x
2
+ 2
=
1
2
96. lim
x
_
x
0
e
t
2
dt
xe
x
2
h
= lim
x
e
x
2
2x
2
e
x
2
+e
x
2
= lim
x
1
2x
2
+ 1
= 0
1 2 3
1 97. A =
_

0
(e
x
e
3x
) dx = lim
t
_
t
0
(e
x
e
3x
) dx
= lim
t
_
e
x
+
1
3
e
3x
__
t
0
= lim
t
_
1
3
e
3t
e
t
+ 1
1
3
_
=
2
3
1
3
(c)
(b)
1 x
98. (a) A =
_
1
0
1
3
1 x
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
(1 x)
1/3
dx
= lim
t1
3
2
(1 x)
2/3
_
t
0
= lim
t1
_
3
2

3
2
(1 t)
2/3
_
=
3
2
(b) V =
_
1
0
1
(
3
1 x)
2
dx = lim
t1
_
t
0
(1 x)
2/3
dx
= lim
t1
_
3(1 x)
1/3
_
t
0
= lim
t1
[3 3(1 t)
1/3
] = 3
(c) V = 2
_
1
0
(1 x)
1
3
1 x
dx = 2 lim
t1
_
t
0
(1 x)
2/3
dx
= 2 lim
t1
3
5
(1 x)
5/3
_
t
0
= 2 lim
t1
_
3
5

3
5
(1 t)
5/3
_
=
6
5
99. (a) The horizontal asymptote is y = 1. Using symmetry,
Area(R
1
) = 2
_

0
_
1
x
2
1
x
2
+ 1
_
dx = 2
_

0
2
x
2
+ 1
dx = 2 lim
t
_
t
0
2
x
2
+ 1
dx
= 2 lim
t
2 tan
1
x
_
t
0
= 2 lim
t
2 tan
1
t = 2.
(b) If the area of R
3
were nite, then, since R
1
has nite area, the area of the innite strip
bounded by x = 0, y = 0, and y = 1 would be nite. The area of the strip is innite, so
the area of R
3
must be innite. By symmetry, the area of R
2
is innite.
100. The total area under the graph of y = xe
x
on [0, ) is
_

0
xe
x
dx = lim
t
(xe
x
e
x
)
_
t
0
= 1. The area of the shaded region is
_
x
0
xe
x
dx = 1(x
+1)e
x
. We need to solve
1(x
+1)e
x
= 0.99(1) = 0.99 or (x
+1)e
x
0.01 = 0. Letting f(x) = (x+1)e

x
0.01,
Newtons formula is
x
n+1
= x
n
f(x
n
)
f
(x
n
)
= x
n
(x + 1)e
x
0.01
xe
x
.
Since f(6) > 0 and f(7) < 0, we take x
0
= 6.5. Then x
1
6.63055, x
2
6.63833, x
3

6.63835, x
4
6.63835. Thus, x
6.63835.
101. Using the Trapezoidal Rule,
W =
_
1
0
F(x) dx
1 0
10
[0 + 2(50) + 2(90) + 2(150) + 2(210) + 260] = 126 joules.
102. (a) To compute the rectangular elements of area, we use the midpoints of each of the four
subintervals.
W =
_
5
1
F(x) dx F(1.5) 1 +F(2.5) 1 +F(3.5) 1 +F(4.5) 1
5.3 + 3.7 + 2.8 + 2.3 = 14.1 joules
(b) Using the Trapezoidal Rule, we nd
W =
_
5
1
F(x) dx
5 1
8
[F(1) + 2F(2) + 2F(3) + 2F(4) +F(5)]
=
1
2
[7 + 2(4.3) + 2(3.2) + 2(2.5) + 2.0] = 14.5 joules.

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Chapter 7

+ (sinx cos x)]

+ (sinx cos x)]

[2(1 2 cos 2x + cos

sec d = ln| sec + tan| +C

9 sin cos 15 cos

sin d = 2 ln| csc cot | + 2 cos + C

sin d = 2 ln| csc cot | + 2 cos + C

sin d = 2 ln| csc cot | + 2 cos + C

[ln2 ln(1 + cos t)]

(x) decreases on [1, 2],

(1) = 1/4 on the interval. Taking M = 1/4, we want

(x) = 2 sinxcos x = sin2x; f

(x) = 2 cos 2x. Since |f

(x)| = 2| cos 2x|

(x)| on [0, 2], we compute f

(x) = 0 we obtain the

(x)| 2 on the interval. Taking M = 2 we want

4. 1 (see Problem 75 in Exercises 7.7, noting p = k)

t cos t dt u = t, du = dt; dv = cos t dt, v = sint

sint dt = 2t sint + 2 cos t + C

cos udu = 2 sinu + C = 2 sin

cos xsin 2xdx = 2

t cos t dt u = t, du = dt; dv = cos t dt, v = sint

sint dt = 2t sint + 2 cos t + C

cos udu = 2 sinu + C = 2 sin

cos xsin 2xdx = 2

d = ln| sec + tan| +

The integral diverges.

0.01 = 0. Letting f(x) = (x+1)e

0.01 = 0. Letting f(x) = (x+1)e

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