INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ? HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM OTHER

REVOLUTION ?
The 18
th
.century is characterised as the age of revolution. The industrial
revolution of England was one of the 3 major revolutions of that age. However it
was diferent from the other 2 revolutions as it was economic in nature and not
political and occurring without loodshed or turmoil.
The far reaching changes which too! place in England etween 1"#$ to 18#$ and
which totally changed the pattern of the world is termed as the %ndustrial
revolution. &oreover this revolution is uni'ue ecause it is still continuing while
other revolutions had endedwithin a few years.
WHAT ARE THE FOUR INGREDIANTS OF INDUSTRIALISATION ?
(and) laour) capital and raw material * mar!ets.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ?
England ecame very powerful after the defeat of the +panish ,rmada. +he
ac'uired a numer of colonies and estalished a predominance in the western
world which helped her to develop resources for commercial gains.
+everal reasons are responsile for the industrial revolution to egin in England
and it was therefore called the -.actory of the world/.
%n the 0rst place) land was availale in plenty in England. ,fter the glorious
revolution in 1188) the old aristocracy declined and large estates were ought y
a new middle class called 2antry who now used the land for industrial enterprise.
&oreover the serfdom declined in England) feudalism died away and so a lot of
lands elonging to castles and manors could now e used for factories.
+econdly cheap laour was re'uired y the factories. England was the 0rst to
e3perience the decline of serfdom and had cheap laour availale for factories.
,fter the crusades the serfs and the agricultural wor!ers migrated to the towns in
search of wor! and so cheap laour could e found easily for factories.
Thirdly capital is another important re'uirement for industrial growth. The an! of
England was estalished in 1"$$ which provided capital in the form of loans. This
capital was used in industries. The 2overnment of England was very stale and
this encouraged people to invest in industries.
.ourthly England had a vast colonial empire which helped them to ac'uire raw
materials easily and at cheap rates which in turn helped industries.
&oreover the climate of England li!e rain and warm weather were ideally suited
for growing cotton and the revolution 0rst egan in the 0elds of te3tile industries.
4evolution in transport and communication was another factor. 4ailways)
steamers) digging of canals etc helped communication. 5oth roadways and
waterways were used for transportation of goods to sea ports and as well as to
interior places.
.inally a series of inventions occurred during this time as England produced a
gala3y of scientists whose inventions spar!ed of the revolution. 6ohn 7ay
invented the .lying +huttle in 1"33. The invention of +pinning 6enny y
Hargreaves) steam rail engine y 2eorge +tephenson) 5last furnace y ,raham
8ary contriuted to the revolution.
INVENTORS
SL
NO.
NAME DATE INVENTION
1 6ohn 7aye 1"33 .lying shuttle
2
6ames
Hargreaves
1"1" +pinning 6enny
3
4ichard
,r!wright
1"19 :ater frame
4
+amuel
;rompton
1""9 +pinning mule
5 :hitney 1"93 ;otton gin
6 ;artwright 1"8# <ower loom
7 6ames :att 1"81 +team Engine
8
2eorge
+tephenson
181# 1
st
+team locomotive
9 6ohn &acadam 1811 1
st
. 4oad made from crushed stones
10 Humphrey 8avy 1813 +afety lamp
11 6ethro Tull 1"$1 +eed sowing machine
12 4oert 5a!ewell === >ew sheep reeding method
13
;harles * 4oert
;olling
=== %mproving reed of cattle
14 +'uire ;a!e
Taught farmers to !now good or ad
seeds
15 1812 1
st
. steamer sailed on river cycle