3.

Cloak and Spider 2

(Points: 1)
The dilemma in this case is: (Think self-interest versus cooperation and choose
the best answer)

a. Owing to the extra programming involved, it is in the self-interest of web designers to
avoid cloaking but it is in the self-interest of search engines to double spider and if both
parties act in their self-interest, the worst result occurs.
b. It is in the self-interest of web designers to cloak to enhance the ranking of their
web site but it is in the self-interest of the search engines to double spider and if both
parties act in their self-interest, the worst result occurs.
c. It is in the self-interest of search engines to not perform double spidering to detect
cloaking even though it may be occurring.
d. There is no dilemma.


!"#$% $'( )*+(,- .
The dilemma in this case can be cast as a prisoners dilemma or lunch bag game in which
(Choose the best combination)
a. cooperation would mean that web designers do not cloak for illegitimate
purposes and search engines do not double spider
b. only one party can act in their self-interest at one time
c. defection is when web designers cloak to increase the ranking of their site or
search engines double spider to detect cloaking
d. an agreement is required to achieve cooperation
e. web designers and search engine companies should do lunch more often




















18. ECG MC2
(Points: 1)
Which of the following are false:

(a) Precise rules in conflict of interest are not possible.
(b) Engineers should use their conscience and sense of humour for guidance in
conflict of interest situations.
(c) All information received from a client or employer should be considered as
confidential, especially if such information is in the public domain.

1. (a) only
2. (a) and (b)
3. (b) only
4. (c) only
5. (b) and (c)
6. (a) and (c)
7. all are false
8. none are false


19. ECG M1

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) (wrong answers will be
subtracted from right ones however, the minimum score is zero.):

Statement Response
APEGBC does not have well-defined standards of admission F
The APEGBC Code of Ethics provides definitive guidance for all ethical
problems an engineer may encounter in her or his practice
T
Because Canadian laws dont apply in foreign lands, the APEGBC Code
of Ethics does not apply to engineers while they are practising overseas.
T
Conflict of interest occurs when there is a conflict between the private
interests and the official responsibilities of a person in a position of trust.
T
Whereas an engineer has a duty of loyalty to his/her client, conflicting
obligations may sometimes arise which may make it necessary for the
engineer to breach that loyalty.
F
An engineer is only obligated to protect legitimate interests of his/her
client or employer.
F
When a technologically driven shift in an area of technical activity
occurs, an engineers duty to attain and maintain competence in all areas
of involvement ceases.
F
If an engineer does not have the requisite experience to take on a project,
provided that he/she advises the client and the successful completion of
the project is not jeopardized he/she is free to take on the project.
F


20. ECG3
(Points: 1)
On the one hand, an APEGBC member engineer is obliged not to disclose
confidential information of the client/employer and should avoid the use of such
information to the disadvantage of the client/employer, on the other hand, failure to
report a situation that the member believes may endanger the safety or welfare of the
public and environment would be contrary to Principle #1 of APEGBCs Code of Ethics.
This is an example of a conflicting obligation.
True

21. ECG7
(Points: 1)
You are engaged in the engineering of a project with many possible public health
and safety repercussions. You assess all the available science and conduct your own
independent study and analysis. You determine that the risks are minimal even though
some aspects of the work could be outside the norms allowed by government regulation.
Because the overall big picture is OK, you go ahead with the project without changing
the design. Your actions are ethical because you are exercising your professional
judgment in the face of conflicting obligations.
False




22. ECG5
(Points: 1)
Confidential material, whether disclosed in an academic environment or not, is
still confidential, and should be treated as such.
True

23. ECG1
(Points: 1)
Technical knowledge gained by an EIT through exposure to the work
environment is part of his/her experience and may be freely used in subsequent projects
without consent from other parties; however the same does not hold true once the EIT
becomes a P. Eng.
False

24. ECG6
(Points: 1)
While the APEGBC Code of Ethics defines mandatory conduct for professional
engineers and geoscientists, each member of APEGBC is expected to exercise individual
judgment at all times and in all situations. This can lead to conflicting obligations; which
is what is what we mean when we talk about conflicts of interest.
True
1.
(Points: 0.5)
According to Davis in Thinking Like an Engineer, engineers should not only
do as their code of ethics requires, but should also support it less directly by
encouraging others to do as it requires and by criticizing, ostracizing, or otherwise
calling to account those who do not.

True/False


1.
(Points: 0.5)
Uncertainty often affects an ethical decision.
True

2.
(Points: 0.5)
According to the APEGBC code of ethics, an engineer must hold public safety
paramount only if there is no conflict of interest.
False


4.
(Points: 0.5)
According to APEGBC, safety of the public is an important consideration to be
balanced against other ethical norms such as loyalty to an employer, etc.
False


3.
Macro-ethical problems, as described by Wulf in gEngineering Ethics and
Society h exist because of the size of engineering projects being considered.
False

3.
(Points: 0.5)
In a free society such as Canada, when you register as a professional engineer,
you have the right to not commit to the code of ethics of the profession.
False


4. An association of professionals may provide its members with services such as
training, registration and advocacy of the profession, but its primary purpose is to serve
the public.
True


5.
(Points: 0.5)
Professional codes of ethics are a recent development to provide professionals
with narrow systematic guidelines for how to conduct their professional practice.
False


5.
(Points: 0.5)
According to Wulf in Engineering Ethics and Society, the progress of
computer technology is advancing so fast that issues of complexity, chaos and
representative sampling in engineering design will be largely eliminated in the next
100 years.

True False

6.
(Points: 0.5)
A profession is like a union in that it is organized to serve the interests of its
members, and also like a charity or government, in that it is organized to serve
someone else fs interests.

True/False


7.
(Points: 0.5)
The use of ethical norms requires, at the very least, the ability to reason about
one fs conduct.
True


7.
(Points: 0.5)
Davis in Thinking like an engineer suggests that when considering public safety,
engineers should interpret the word gpublic h to mean geveryone more or less
equally h.
False


8.
(Points: 0.5)
A profession is organized to help others according to certain ideals expressed
in its code of ethics.

True/False


8.
(Points: 0.5)
The second formulation of the Categorical Imperative is a means to
determine whether an act is morally right.
True

Conflicting legitimate obligations, such as those to an employer and to the public or a
profession, always lead to a conflict of interest.
False

A self-defeating ethical rule would, if applied universally, result in unfavorable consequences
for everyone, including oneself.
T

The Golden Rule essentially says Treat others as you would want to be treated, hence
making it a complete guide for ethical conduct.
F


All consequentialist ethical theories consider consequences that benefit or harm any member
of society.
F


The Categorical Imperative implies that we regard ourselves as rational beings with the
autonomy to act based on universal moral principles.
T


The evaluation of the benefits and harms of public policy and projects can be done accurately
and reliably using advanced technologies such as Internet surveys and opinion polls.
F


A profession needs societys recognition to be called a profession
F

A profession does not need societys recognition to be called a profession.
True

A profession only requires training and mentoring or apprenticeship.
F


Ethics is not individual morality, obeying the law, or following a code of ethics.
T


Bentham argued that the benefits and harms of all actions could be measured using the
hedonic calculus.
T

The Categorical Imperative is derived from the principle that all rational people must have
virtues.
F

19) An apparent or potential conflict of interest cannot be mitigated by its disclosure. T

21) Engineering training should be directed toward eliminating the potential bias caused by
the effect of emotions or judgement on decision-making, particularly when issues of public
safety are involved. F

22) Clients of engineers typically do not have the ability to distinguish good decisions from
those influenced by conflicts of interest the engineers might have. T

Duties of confidentiality can arise from an employment contract as well as from a professional
engineering code of ethics.
True

An ethical norm could hold that the correct moral action is the one that results in the greatest
good for the greatest number or it could maintain that the moral value of an action is not
exclusively a function of its consequences.
True

Proponents of a project who estimate both the costs and benefits of the project to determine
whether it should proceed may have a conflict of interest.
True

A conflict of interest is not conflicting legitimate obligations such as those to an employer and to
the public or a profession.
True

The Workplace Dilemma, in which you faced the decision whether or not to report an employee
and friend who you knew was embezzling funds from the company, is an example of how
personal issues can render an ethical decision very difficult.
True

The existence of systems having emergent properties which cannot be predicted (as described
by Wulf in Engineering Ethics and Society) could require the explanation of uncertainty and risk to
the public to be a more explicit requirement in a code of ethics.
True

The engineering profession serves the ideals of efficient design and construction, and
maintenance of safe and useful objects.
True
According to Wulf in Engineering Ethics and Society, the collective effect of many local
decisions on our global environment is not a function of highly connected and
interdependent functions, but more often than not because one key issue is often
overlooked by engineers at the design stage in a problem.
True

Any graduate of an accredited engineering program can do engineering in British Columbia under the
supervision of a registered engineer.
True

The reasons for a professional to follow a code of ethics are similar to the reasons a member of society
agrees to cooperate with others to achieve a particular goal.
True

Conflicts of interest are inevitable partly because of the influence of latent biases in our thinking and
perception of others.
True

In What to do with a Volunteer, the dilemma was that accepting the volunteers offer would certainly help
the person gain Canadian experience but could jeopardize relationships with other employees in the
company
False

1) A professional:
a) requires natural ability and some form of training.
b) requires substantial training, especially in underlying theory, and requires
examination, licensing, or certification.
c) requires significant training as well as mentoring.
d) requires significant training and membership in a regulatory body.

2) Ethics is:
a) using individual morality to resolve personal or professional dilemmas to the best of
ones ability.
b) obeying the law while facing personal or professional dilemmas.
c) following standard practice while facing personal or professional dilemmas.
d) a framework for the study of personal or professional dilemmas using principles
known as ethical norms.

3) In rule-based ethics the distinction between categorical and hypothetical rules is:
a) Categorical rules are divided into well-defined categories whereas hypothetical rules are
a random collection.
b) Hypothetical rules are based on a hypothesis.
c) Hypothetical rules are conditional, categorical rules are not.
d) Categorical rules are universal, hypothetical rules may be self-defeating.
e) c) and d) are true
f) None of a), b), c), or d) is true

4) An ethical egoist needs which of the following fundamental requirements:
a. concern about everyone affected by actions
b. the ability to account for all aspects and facts related to actions
c. impartiality with facts and their implications
d. willingness and freedom to act
e. All of the above

5) An ethical norm could:
a) hold that the correct moral action is the one that results in the greatest good for the
greatest number
b) maintain that the moral value of an action is not exclusively a function of its
consequences
c) hold that virtuous character traits are an appropriate influence on determining the right
course of action
d) any one of the above
e) only a) and b)
f) only a) and c)


6) The main criticism of utilitarian theory is
a) the difficulty of quantification of benefits or harms.
b) the difficulty of predicting future consequences.
c) the lack of time to do utility calculations.
d) the potential injustice and sacrifice of individual rights.
e) the determination of the scope of application of potential consequences.

7) What is the most compelling reason as to why professionals follow a code of ethics?
a) Professional registration requires it.
b) Cooperation with other professionals to serve ideals
c) It is a contract with society.
d) Potential professional liability

8) Ethical codes and theories are analogous to mathematical or physical models because they:
a) promote fairness in professional practice much like a mathematical or physical model
promotes making unbiased design decisions.
b) are useful for understanding a problem.
c) don't always fit but provide valuable insight.
d) All of the above
e) both a) and c)
f) both b) and c)

9) In deciding whether to follow a code of ethics, what are the two strategies available to a
person or group of persons?
a) cooperation and consideration
b) cooperation and defection
c) defection and interaction
d) consideration and interaction

10) The responsibilities of a professional organization include:
a) setting standards for membership.
b) setting standards of conduct.
c) advocacy and defense of the profession.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

11) In utilitarianism, there are several problems, among them is/are:
a) Predicting future consequences
b) Hypothetical rules are conditional.
c) An action is right only and only if it conforms to a moral rule.
d) Benefits are greater than the harm done.
e) All of the above


12) In rule based ethics,
a) selection of moral actions is exclusively a function of consequences.
b) selection of moral actions must be based on rules.
c) the rule is that the hedonic calculus must be used.
d) a) and b)

13)When confronted with an apparent ethical problem, the first thing to do is:
a) gather all available information about the problem and use ethical norms to reduce any
uncertainty and provide some structure.
b) determine whether it is, in fact, an ethical problem and, if so, whether it is a
problem of professional ethics or a personal issue.
c) make a list of the alternative solutions within a discrete set or a continuous range.
d) All of the above

14) In Engineering Ethics and Society Wulf states that the inability to predict all behaviors of
a system may arise from the following source(s):
a) Complexity leading to emergent properties
b) Chaotic systems whose behavior is sensitive to initial conditions
c) Discrete systems whose properties cannot be predicted
d) All of the above

15) Professional engineering is different from general contracting because: (Choose the best
answer)
a) Contractors do not do design whereas professional engineers do
b) Engineering done by an unregistered engineer must be done under the supervision
of a registered engineer but a similar situation does not apply to contractors.
c) Professional engineering requires a period of education and training whereas contracting
does not
d) There are many television shows about contracting but none about engineering.

16) An actual conflict of interest could arise if an engineer:
a) agrees to provide her services to two engineering companies who are bidding
competitively for the same design contract.
b) specifies equipment made by one manufacturer to different companies who compete in
the same market.
c) is a member of a committee that develops safety standards for equipment produced
by her company and fails to disclose ways in which her company may benefit from
recommendations drafted by the committee.
d) Any one of the above.


17) Conflicts of interest are inevitable
a) partly because of the difficulty of eliminating the influence of automatic mental
processing on ones decisions.
b) partly because of the strong influence of latent biases.
c) partly because of the conflict between ones need for personal time and the increasing
demands of professional life.
d) b) and c)
e) a) and b)

18) Engineers should follow their professional code of ethics because
a) It helps them avoid legal problems, such as getting sued.
b) It provides a definition of what the public can expect from professional engineers.
c) It improves the image of the profession resulting in larger salaries for engineers.
d) The public will trust engineers more once they know engineers are following a code of
ethics.

19) For an engineer, professional ethics (Choose the best answer)
a) means following the code of ethics of a professional engineering association.
b) is a set of standards for interaction with other engineers and the public.
c) is learning how to communicate safety or environmental risks to the public.

20) The lunch bag game is a general model for:
a) how to act in your best interests if you are a member of a self-governing profession.
b) what may happen if you and your business partner are accused of unethical conduct and
are questioned separately by the provincial engineering association.
c) how your self-interest must be sacrificed to benefit a group of professionals to which
you belong.
d) how to act ethical


An engineer working for a company should follow the code of ethics and forego his/her self-
interest in the interest of (Choose the best answer)

A. the company.
B. the clients he/she works for.
C. the engineering profession.
D. the well-being and economic status of his/her family.


Professional engineers occupy an important role in society because: (Choose the best answer)

A. They understand how to build the systems that society needs to function.
B.Through their professional associations, they provide assurances to society
regarding their work standards and conduct.
C. Society needs the skills and expertise that professional engineers possess.
D. Professional engineering associations advertise the accomplishments of the
profession and advocate for the engineering profession.


A profession has the following requirements of its members:
A. Natural ability and some form of training.
B. Extensive training as well as examination, licensing, or certification.
C. Significant training as well as mentoring.
D. Significant training and active participation in a regulatory body.


It is a conflict of interest for an engineer to (Choose one):
A. offer her services to two engineering companies competing for the same
design contract.
B. specify equipment made by one manufacturer to different companies who
compete in the same market.
C. be a member of a committee that develops safety standards for equipment
produced by her company and fails to disclose ways in which her company
may benefit from recommendations drafted by the committee.



The purpose of an engineering code of ethics is to:
a) make it reasonably likely that other engineers will not take advantage of a
members good conduct;
b) protect each engineer from pressures to cut corners to save money;
c) prescribe how engineers can serve the ideal of efficient design, construction, and
maintenance of safe and useful objects;
d) Help engineers advance the collective self-interest of the engineering profession;
e) Facilitate salary determination for services rendered;
f) Provide a guide as to what we may expect other members of our profession to
help us do.
g) Expose unethical behaviour.

Student Response
1. all of the above
2. all of the above, except b)
3. d) only
4. none of the above
5. all of the above except e) and g)
6. b) and c) only
7. g) only



A profession is a learned calling with specialized skills, distinctive functions and
recognized social obligations and has unique characteristics such as:

Student Response
1. It renders services based upon advanced knowledge, skill and judgment.
2. It is charged with a substantial degree of public obligation and performs its
services largely in the general public interest.
3. It is bound by a distinctive ethical code in its relationships with clients,
employees, colleagues and the public.
4. It assumes responsibility for actions related to professional services provided in a
personal or supervisory capacity.
5. 1. and 3. only
6. 1., 2. and 3. only
7. 1., 2., 3., and 4.


Which of the following statements is true for an engineer?
A. Duty to the employer governs over duty to the client in all cases.
B. Duty to public safety governs over duty to the client in all cases.
C. Duty to oneself governs over the public interest in all cases.



Engineers should follow their professional code of ethics because
A. it helps them avoid legal problems, such as getting sued.
B. to do otherwise could be self-defeating.
C. it improves the image of the profession resulting in larger salaries for engineers.
D. the public will trust engineers more once they know engineers are following a code of ethics.



Disciplinary action by a provincial association of professional engineers can include:
A. a public reprimand
B. conditions on membership
C. suspension
D. revocation of membership
E. all of the above



Conflicts of interest are inevitable (Choose one)
A. because of the difficulty of eliminating the influence of automatic mental processing on ones
decisions so that self-interest prevails over the interests of others.