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This document describes a student project to develop a microcontroller-based maximum power point tracking solar charger using the incremental conductance method. It was submitted by five students for their guide, Ms. Cuckoo Joy. The introduction provides background on solar energy and maximum power point tracking. It then explains common MPPT algorithms like perturb and observe and incremental conductance that are used to extract the most power from a photovoltaic module by adjusting a boost converter's duty cycle. The document includes block diagrams of the system and solar panel voltage-current characteristics.
This document describes a student project to develop a microcontroller-based maximum power point tracking solar charger using the incremental conductance method. It was submitted by five students for their guide, Ms. Cuckoo Joy. The introduction provides background on solar energy and maximum power point tracking. It then explains common MPPT algorithms like perturb and observe and incremental conductance that are used to extract the most power from a photovoltaic module by adjusting a boost converter's duty cycle. The document includes block diagrams of the system and solar panel voltage-current characteristics.
This document describes a student project to develop a microcontroller-based maximum power point tracking solar charger using the incremental conductance method. It was submitted by five students for their guide, Ms. Cuckoo Joy. The introduction provides background on solar energy and maximum power point tracking. It then explains common MPPT algorithms like perturb and observe and incremental conductance that are used to extract the most power from a photovoltaic module by adjusting a boost converter's duty cycle. The document includes block diagrams of the system and solar panel voltage-current characteristics.
Submitted By Ajmal.T.K(6) Giridhar.V.P(29) AkhilVijayan(64) SanalKumar.V(69) MuhammedAmeen(70) Introduction
To Develop a Microcontroller based dedicated MPPT controller for solar PV module based on the incremental conductance method. As people are much concerned with the fossil fuel exhaustion and the environmental problems caused by the conventional power generation, renewable energy sources and among them photovoltaic panels and wind-generators are now widely used. So Solar Energy is a good choice for electric power generation. The solar energy is directly converted into electrical energy by solar photovoltaic module. Photovoltaic sources are used today in many applications such as battery charging, water pumping, home power supply, swimming-pool heating systems, satellite power systems etc. They have the advantage of being maintenance and pollution-free but their installation cost is high and inmost applications, they require a power conditioner (dc/dc or dc/ac converter) for load interface. Since PV modules still have relatively low conversion efficiency, the overall system cost can be reduced using high efficiency power conditioners which, in addition, are designed to extract the maximum possible power from the PV module.
A typical characteristic curve of the called current (I) and voltage (V) curve and power (W) and voltage (V) curve of the module is shown below.
Maximum Power Point Tracking.
The efficiency of a solar cell is very low. In order to increase the efficiency, methods are to be undertaken to match the source and load properly. One such method is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This is a technique used to obtain the maximum possible power from a varying source. In photovoltaic systems the I-V curve is non-linear, thereby making it difficult to be used to power a certain load. This is done by utilizing a boost converter whose duty cycle is varied by using amppt algorithm. Few of the many algorithms are listed below.
A boost converter is used on the load side and a solar panel is used to power this converter. Manual tracking is notpossible so automatic tracking is preferred to manual tracking. An automatic tracking can beperformed by utilizing various algorithms.
Direct Methods:- a. Perturb and observe b. Incremental Conductance
Indirect Methods:- c. Voltage Based Maximum Power Tracking d. Current Based Maximum power Tracking
a. Perturb and Observe method This method is the most common. In this method very less number of sensors are utilized. The operating voltage is sampled and the algorithm changes the operating voltage in the required direction and samples / . If /is positive, then the algorithm increases the voltage value towards this, and continued until the algorithm finally moves until /is negative. This iteration reaches the MPP. This algorithm is not suitable when the variation in the solar irradiation is high. The voltage never actually reaches an exact value but perturbs around the maximum power point (MPP). b. Incremental Conductance method This method uses the PV array's incremental conductance /to compute the sign of /. When /is equal and opposite to the value of I/V (where /=0) the algorithm knows that the maximum power point is reached and thus it terminates and returns the corresponding value of operating voltage for MPP. This method track rapidly changing irradiation conditions more accurately than P&O method.One complexity in this method is that it requires many sensors to operate and hence is economically less effective.