Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Monosaccharides are the basic units (monomers).
Glucose and fructose are common monosaccharides.
Glucose and fructose are reducing sugars, giving an orange precipitate when heated with
Benedicts reagent.
!he structural formula of "glucose is#
$isaccharides and polysaccharides (and
all biological polymers) are formed by
condensation reactions, producing water
molecules.
!he lin%ing bond between two monosaccharides is a glycosidic lin%.
Maltose is formed from two glucose molecules.
&ucrose is a non"reducing sugar. 't must be hydrolysed with warm hydrochloric acid before it
gives a positive reducing sugar test.
&ucrose is formed from a glucose and a fructose.
&tarch is a polysaccharide formed from "glucose molecules. 't can be branched. !he molecule is
coiled forming a compact molecule. 't is used for storage.
&tarch is tested with iodine solution, giving a blue"blac% colour change.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide formed in animal cells. 't is very branched.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide formed from "glucose molecules. 't has straight chains that are
lin%ed by hydrogen bonds, forming very strong bundles called microfibrils.
$isaccharides and polysaccharides can be hydrolysed by the addition of water to form
monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Monosaccharides are the basic units (monomers).
Glucose and fructose are common monosaccharides.
Glucose and fructose are reducing sugars, giving an orange precipitate when heated with
Benedicts reagent.
!he structural formula of "glucose is#
$isaccharides and polysaccharides (and
all biological polymers) are formed by
condensation reactions, producing water
molecules.
!he lin%ing bond between two monosaccharides is a glycosidic lin%.
Maltose is formed from two glucose molecules.
&ucrose is a non"reducing sugar. 't must be hydrolysed with warm hydrochloric acid before it
gives a positive reducing sugar test.
&ucrose is formed from a glucose and a fructose.
&tarch is a polysaccharide formed from "glucose molecules. 't can be branched. !he molecule is
coiled forming a compact molecule. 't is used for storage.
&tarch is tested with iodine solution, giving a blue"blac% colour change.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide formed in animal cells. 't is very branched.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide formed from "glucose molecules. 't has straight chains that are
lin%ed by hydrogen bonds, forming very strong bundles called microfibrils.
$isaccharides and polysaccharides can be hydrolysed by the addition of water to form
monosaccharides.