Public Draft

DRAFT ZAMBIAN STANDARD

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY -
Specification

Part 6:
WOOD POLES, CROSS-ARMS AND SPACER BLOCKS





This draft standard is for public review only.

It must not be used or referred to as a Zambian Standard.





ZAMBIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DZS 746-6: 2010
ICS 29.060.20; 29.240.20










DZS 746-6: 2010
i
DATE OF PUBLICATION

This Zambian Standard has been published under the authority of the Standards Council of the Zambia
Bureau of Standards on .

ZAMBIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The Zambia Bureau of Standards is the Statutory National Standards Body for Zambia established under an
Act of Parliament, the Standards Act, Cap 416 of 1994 of the Laws of Zambia for the preparation and
promulgation of Zambian Standards.

REVISION OF ZAMBIAN STANDARDS

Zambian Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue of either amendments or of revised editions. It
is important that users of Zambian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest
amendments or editions.

CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

A Zambian standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of
Zambian standards are responsible for their correct application.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE RESPONSIBLE

This Zambian Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Rural Electrification upon which the
following organisations were represented:

Copperbelt Energy Corporation Plc
Energy Regulation Board
Engineering Institution of Zambia
Lunsemfwa Hydropower Company
Ministry of Energy and Water Development- Department of Energy
Rural Electrification Authority
Zambia Bureau of Standards
Zesco Limited

















ZAMBIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS, P.O. BOX 50259, ZA 15101 RIDGEWAY, ZAMBIA
DZS 746-6: 2010
ii

Contents
FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................... iii
1 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 1
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................... 1
3 DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................. 2
3.1 Definitions............................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 2
4 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 2
4.1 Species of timber..................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Physical dimensions ................................................................................................ 3
4.3 Care of felled timber ............................................................................................... 5
4.4 Drying of poles and cross-arms .............................................................................. 5
4.5 Preparation of poles for treatment ........................................................................... 6
4.6 Handling, transportation and storage of treated poles ............................................ 7
4.7 Treatment of poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks .................................................. 7
4.8 Labelling of poles ................................................................................................... 7
4.9 Non-conforming material ........................................................................................ 9
4.10 Quality requirements ............................................................................................... 9
5 Tests ........................................................................................................................... 10
5.1 General .................................................................................................................. 10
5.2 Type tests .............................................................................................................. 11
5.3 Routine tests .......................................................................................................... 11
5.4 Test equipment and accuracy of measurement ..................................................... 11
Annex A ............................................................................................................................ 14
Annex B ............................................................................................................................ 16
Annex C ............................................................................................................................ 19
Annex D ............................................................................................................................ 20
ANNEX E ......................................................................................................................... 20
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 27

DZS 746-6: 2010
iii
FOREWORD

The Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZABS) is the Statutory Organization established by an Act of
Parliament. ZABS is responsible for the preparation of national standards through its various Technical
committees composed of representation from government departments, the industry, academia, regulators,
consumer associations and non- governmental organisations.

This National standard has been prepared in accordance with the procedures of the ZABS. All users should
ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication as standards are revised from time to time.

No liability shall attach to ZABS or its Director, employees, servants or agents including individual experts
and members of its Technical Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damages of
any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (Including legal fees) and expenses arising
out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon this ZABS publication or any other ZABS publication.

Compliance with a Zambian standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

DZS 746-6 was prepared by the Technical Committee on Rural Electrification.

The following documents were used in the development of this Zambian Standard:

PIESA 002-1: Outdoor Distribution Cut-outs- Dropout Fuse Link Assemblies or solid-link assemblies
Pole-mounted types

PIESA 002-2: Outdoor Distribution Cut-outs- Expulsion Links

PIESA 003-1: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cables Systems for underground electric distribution- Cables

PIESA 003-2: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cables Systems for underground electric distribution- Cables
Accessories

PIESA 003-3: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cables Systems for underground electric distribution- Code of
Practice

PIESA 1001: Wood Poles and Cross Arms

PIESA Common Base Detail for all ED New Installations

DZS 746 Consists of the following parts, under the general title Rural Electrification Construction and
Safety:

Part 1: Outdoor Distribution Cut-outs- Dropout Fuse Link Assemblies or solid-link assemblies Pole-
mounted types
Part 2: Outdoor Distribution Cut-outs- Expulsion Links
Part 3: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cables Systems for underground electric distribution- Cables
Part 4: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cable Systems for underground electric distribution - Cable Accessories
Part 5: Low Voltage (600/1000) Cable Systems for underground electric distribution Code of Practice
Part 6: Wood Poles and Cross Arms
Part 7: Common Base Detail for all ED New Installations





DZS 746-6: 2010
iv



























COMPLIANCE WITH A ZAMBIAN STANDARD DOES NOT OF ITSELF CONFER
IMMUNITY FROM LEGAL OBLIGATIONS


DZS 746-6: 2010
1
ZAMBIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DRAFT ZAMBIAN STANDARD

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY -
Specification

Part 6:
WOOD POLES, CROSS-ARMS AND SPACER BLOCKS
_____________________________________________________________

1 SCOPE

This specification sets out the requirements for all wood poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks for
electric power applications.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of DZS 746. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to
a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements
based on this part of DZS 746 are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent
editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international
standards can be obtained from the Zambia Bureau of Standards.

SAZS 120: 1993, Wooden poles and cross-arms for electric power and telephone lines

SANS 753:1994, Pine poles, cross-arms and spacers for power distribution telephone systems and
street lighting.

SANS 754:1994, Eucalyptus poles, cross-arms and spacers for power distribution and telephone
systems

SANS 5967: 1997, Retention of preservative in timber (volume method)

SANS 5983: 1984, Preparation of test specimens for moisture content determination in timber
and timber products.

SANS 5984: 1984, Moisture content of timber and timber products (oven dry method)

SANS 5985: 1980, Moisture content of timber (extraction method)

SANS 5986: 1980, Moisture content of timber (electric moisture-meter method)

SANS 6061: 1984, CCA salts equivalent mass concentration of aqueous solutions that contain
mixtures of copper-chromium-arsenic compounds used for timber preservation.



DZS 746-6: 2010
2
3 DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this specification, the following definitions shall apply:
3.1.1 cross-arm: a pole that is used in a horizontal or near- horizontal position in a structure for the
support of power distribution lines, but that is not intended to be used in contact with the ground
3.1.2 rated fibre stress: stress in the wood from the applied load just before breaking
3.1.3 spacer block: a piece of timber that is used as a spacer between poles and cross-arms in five-pole
structures but that is not intended to be used in contact with the ground
3.1.4 treated/treatment: impregnated/impregnation with an acceptable preservative

3.2 Abbreviations
3.2.1 MOE: Modulus of elasticity

3.2.2 PAR: Planed all round


4 REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Species of timber

All wooden poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks shall generally be of the types listed in tables 1
and 2. Trees of the same species grown in different climatic regions may exhibit different
properties such as preservative penetration, exfoliation and strength. The species listed in tables 1
and 2 and any other species shall be confirmed by compliance with type tests done by a testing
body approved by the utility concerned and shall be stated in schedule B. The region where the
wood is sourced shall also be stated in schedule B.

Table 1 Species of timber: Eucalyptus








1 2 3 4
Ref. Botanical name Standard
name
Rated Fibre Stress
(MPa)
E1 Eucalyptus cloeziana Cloeziana 75
E2 Eucalyptus grandis Saligna 55
E3 Eucalyptus grandis/saligna hybrids Saligna 55
E4 Eucalyptus maculata Maculata 55
E5 Eucalyptus maideni Maideni 55
E6 Eucalyptus microcorys Microcorys 55
E7 Eucalyptus paniculata Paniculata 75
E8 Eucalyptus saligna Saligna 55
DZS 746-6: 2010
3

Table 2 Species of timber: Pine
1 2 3 4 5
Ref. Botanical name Standard name Climatic
conditions
Rated Fibre stress
(MPa)

P1 Pinus canariensis
(1)
Canariensis Temperate 75
P2 Pinus pinaster Pinaster Temperate 55
P3 Pinus radiata Radiata Temperate 55

1)
Classified as able to withstand a maximum fibre stress (in bending) of 75 MPa based on the
specified minimum top diameter of the pole or cross-arm and on a taper of 5 mm per metre of length.


NOTE

Pine poles are more susceptible to pole twist in dryer areas than eucalyptus. To overcome pole twist the following is
suggested:

i. Poles be purchased and stored in the area where they will be used for nine months before they are installed.
ii. Alternatively the pine poles purchased be kiln dried to 17% moisture content before being treated.


4.2 Physical dimensions

4.2.1 Pole length and minimum top diameter
The pole length and top diameter thickness shall be in accordance with table 3 and shall be stated
in schedule B. The minimum diameter at theoretical ground line is given in Table E.1 for pine
poles, and Table F.1 for eucalyptus poles.

Table 3 Pole length and top diameter thickness
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Pole
length(m)

Min. top diameter (mm) not less than

Range 1 Range 2 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

7
8 8,1
9 9,3 x
10 10,5 x x
11 11,0 x
12 12,6
13 13,5 x
14 -
15 - x x(150) x(175)
16 16,5

DZS 746-6: 2010
4

NOTE: Range 1: Poles complying with SANS 753 and SANS 754
Range 2: Poles complying with SAZS 120
Both ranges; : Range 1 only; x: Range 2 only
Example: A pole with a top diameter within the range 120 mm to 139 mm complies with the requirements of
minimum top diameter not less than 120 mm.
4.2.2 Cross-arm length and top diameter
The cross-arm length and top diameter thickness shall be in accordance with table 4 and shall be
stated in schedule B.

Table 4 Cross-arm length and top diameter thickness












NOTE: Range 1 : Poles complying with SANS 753 and SANS 754
Range 2: Poles complying with SAZS 120
: Both ranges; : Range 1 only; x: Range 2 only
4.2.3 Rectangular cross-arms
The cross-arm length and cross-section area shall be in accordance with table 5 and shall be stated in
schedule B.
Table 5 Rectangular cross-arm lengths and cross section areas
Cross-arm length (m) for
Range 3

Cross-section area (mm)
1.75 80 x 80
2.36 100 x 100
2.60 130 x 100

NOTE 1 Range 3: Planed (PAR) hardwood cross-arms
NOTE 2 This table does not preclude other species which have the necessary strength.

4.2.4 Taper and straightness
Poles shall comply with the requirements of SANS 753, SANS 754 or SAZS 120.
4.2.5 Spacer blocks
Spacer blocks shall be 400 mm long and have a top diameter of 140 mm.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cross-arm length (m) Min. top diameter (mm)
Range 1 Range 2 80 100 120 140 160 180

2,0 1,8
2,5 2,4 x(150)
3,0 3,0 x(150)
3,5 3,6 x(150)
4,5 4,5 x(150)

DZS 746-6: 2010
5
4.2.6 Strength
When tested in accordance with annex E and annex F, each pole and cross-arm shall be capable of
withstanding, without showing any signs of failure, a force. This force shall correspond to a
minimum fibre stress (in bending) of 55 MPa.

NOTE 1: The calculated minimum fibre stress of 55 MPa is based on the minimum top diameter.

NOTE 2: Species need not be strength tested.

4.3 Care of felled timber

4.3.1 Eucalyptus trees to be used for poles shall be de-barked immediately after felling. Bark shall be
removed completely and no strands of inner bark shall be left on the stem.
4.3.2 Poles with incisions made by axes, de-barking and other cutting tools, that are deeper than 15 mm
and longer than 50 mm shall be rejected. For poles where there are incisions smaller than those
specified, the creosote penetration in the incision shall be within the requirements of this
specification.
4.3.3 Poles with occluded bark within 2 m of the butt and at other points where it is likely to impair
impregnation, shall be rejected.
4.3.4 Poles should be stacked within three months of felling, unless otherwise as specified in schedule
A.
4.3.5 Poles to be kiln dried shall not lie in air drying stacks for longer than three months before being
kiln dried.
4.4 Drying of poles and cross-arms
4.4.1 General
All poles longer than 7 m, stub poles and cross-arms shall be kiln dried or boultonised. Poles that
are 7 m and shorter may be either kiln dried or air-dried.
4.4.2 Kiln drying
All kilns shall be designed with a drying schedule. The drying schedules shall be available for
auditing.
Before poles are released from the kiln, the moisture content of eight sample poles per trolley shall
be measured to verify that it is correct. The sheet on which the moisture content of the kiln-dried
sample poles is recorded shall form part of the charge sheets. Records of all kiln dried poles, their
batch numbers and the cycle times of the kiln shall be kept at the plant for auditing purposes.
All core samples for moisture and creosote penetrations shall be taken from the middle of the pole
and shall be in accordance with SANS 5983, SANS 5984, SANS 5985 and SANS 5986. Samples
shall not be taken closer than 200 mm to each other and 300 mm from each other in the same
plane.
4.4.3 Air Drying of poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks
A register with the following information shall be kept at the drying yard
a) the stack number;
DZS 746-6: 2010
6
b) the opening date;
c) the closing date;
d) the length/diameter class;
e) the quantity;
f) the moisture content results (final oven dry); and
g) the date de-stacked.
4.5 Preparation of poles for treatment
4.5.1 Seasoning of poles and other timber

4.5.1.1 Stacking

A drying yard shall be a permanent, designated yard, at a location that is accessible to an
inspection body during normal working hours. No stack drying yard shall be more than a one-hour
return trip from the registered treating plant, unless otherwise specified in schedule A.
The treater shall ensure that all timber intended for the manufacture of poles and cross-arms is
stacked for seasoning within three months from the date of felling, unless otherwise specified in
schedule A.
Poles shall be stacked on permanent bases erected at least 300 mm clear of the ground to a
maximum width of 7 m for poles with a maximum top diameter of 159 mm and not more than 4 m
for poles with a top diameter exceeding 160 mm. The maximum height of the stack shall be
limited to 3 m.
The stack area shall be well drained and reasonably free from debris and vegetation. Cross
members separating the layers of poles in a stack shall be of the same diameter class and shall be
not less than 1 m apart to allow for proper airflow.
Any two stacks shall not be closer than 2 m from each other at any point.
The moisture content of all material in any one stack shall not differ by more than 15 % from the
minimum and maximum moisture contents. A stack shall be closed within one month of opening.
4.5.1.2 Moisture control before treatment
The moisture content of a representative sample in a stack (including kiln stacks) shall be
determined by the oven-dry method before de-stacking and shall be in accordance with SANS
5983, SANS 5984, SANS 5985 and SANS 5986.
4.5.2 Preparation process
4.5.2.1 Before preservation treatment
4.5.2.1.1 Storage
All poles that have attained the required moisture content and all poles bearing or intended to bear
a certificate mark shall, be stacked under conditions that prevent deterioration. Rain-wet poles
shall not be preservative treated until they are surface dry (see 4.5.1.2).

DZS 746-6: 2010
7
4.5.2.1.2 Strength testing
Routine strength sampling tests (see 5.2) shall be carried out on a sample of poles before
treatment. Sample poles shall be legibly and indelibly numbered in each load (charge) of poles
before treatment.
4.5.2.2 Gang-nails
All eucalyptus poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks shall be nail plated on the tip and butt ends.
The size of the nail plate shall be such that the area covered by the nail plate shall be at least 50 %
of the area of the applicable pole end. Pine poles do not require wire binding or nail plating on the
tip or the butt ends of the pole, on cross-arms or on spacer blocks.
4.6 Handling, transportation and storage of treated poles
The handling, transportation and storage of eucalyptus and pine poles shall comply with annex
J of SANS 754 and annex H of SANS 753 respectively.

4.7 Treatment of poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks

4.7.1 General
Poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks shall be impregnated with creosote in accordance with the
requirements of SANS 753, SANS 754 or SAZS 120. The temperature range of the creosote in the
treatment cycle shall be between 80 C and 100 C. The sheet on which the temperature of the
creosote and the pressure of the cylinders are recorded, shall form part of the charge sheets of each
batch treated.
4.7.2 Retention of creosote
Unless otherwise specified in schedule A, the minimum retention of creosote per batch treated
with creosote shall be 115 kg/m
3
of wood for hazard class H4. This shall be determined in
accordance with SANS 5967.
NOTE: For guidance, see table G.1 in Annex G for volumes of poles and cross-arms.
4.8 Labelling of poles
4.8.1 On the face of the pole
4.8.1.1 One label, 55 mm by 65 mm, manufactured from galvanized steel, 0.5 mm thick, shall be securely
fixed with four 50 mm long galvanized nails, one in each corner of the plate.
4.8.1.2 The following information shall be marked on the label in letters at least 5 mm high.
a) Treaters approved identification mark;
b) Month and year of treating (for example, 03/2001);
c) Length of pole and top diameter (for example, 11m /160 mm);
d) Hazard class (for example, H4) Refer to annex D;
e) ZS 746-6
DZS 746-6: 2010
8
f) The specie of pole and strength class in accordance with tables 1and 2, Columns 1 and 5 (for
example E1 75);
g) Kiln or air-dried (for example, Kiln or air);
h) Pressure treated (Pressure) or open-bath treated (Open bath);
i) Suppliers name, if not the treater; and
j) Purchaser/utility designation, if required.
.


Figure 1 Example of Label
4.8.1.3 The label shall be fixed on the face of the pole 3.5 m from the butt , unless otherwise specified in
schedule A.
4.8.2 On the tip of the pole
A coloured label shall be securely fixed to the tip of the treated pole to indicate the top diameter
size class of the pole. These labels shall have a minimum area of 1000 mm
2
. The labels shall be
made of a UV or fade resistant PVC plastic of 1.1 mm thickness, galvanized steel of 0.9 mm
thickness or aluminium of 0.9 mm thickness.



The following colours shall be used for labels on the tip of the treated poles:
DZS 746-6: 2010
9
Green 80 mm to 99 mm
Orange 100 mm to 119 mm
Red 120 mm to 139 mm
Blue 140 mm to 159 mm
Yellow 160 mm to 179 mm
White 180 mm to 199 mm
Purple 200 mm to 219 mm

4.8.3 On the Butt of the pole
A galvanized metal tag 800 mm
2
and 0.9 mm thick as specified in schedule A, shall be securely
fixed to the butt end of the pole with a unique number on the tag.
This tag shall be used to trace the pole for strength testing, moisture content readings and creosote
penetrations recordings.
4.9 Non-conforming material
4.9.1 Control of processes and corrective action

The treater shall establish and maintain a procedure for the continual monitoring of processes and
work operations and for the analysis of records for the purpose of detecting and eliminating
potential causes of defects in material and for ensuring that corrective actions are effective.

4.9.2 General control of non-conforming material
The treater shall establish and maintain procedures (that include identification, segregation and
disposal), as appropriate, for controlling material that does not comply with the requirements of
this specification.
All material that does not comply with the requirements of this specification shall be clearly
identified to prevent unauthorised use, shipment or mixing with other material and shall be kept
separate from other material.
4.10 Quality requirements
4.10.1 Quality planning documentation
To become an approved supplier, a supplier shall establish and submit to the utility, the following
documents for review and acceptance as specified in schedule A:
4.10.1.1 a) A quality management system; and
4.10.1.2 b) An inspection and test plan.
4.10.2 Release of poles from a treatment plant
4.10.2.1 All poles and cross-arms shall be subjected to a final inspection and test by the treaters quality
control personnel. Each pole shall be incrementally bored after treatment at the mid-point of the
DZS 746-6: 2010
10
pole in line with the fixed label to verify the correct solid penetration of creosote. The creosote
penetration shall be recorded and be traceable to, the unique serial number of the pole which shall
be fixed to the galvanized metal tag on the butt end of the pole.
4.10.2.2 Only after poles and cross-arms have been checked by the responsible quality control personnel,
and have passed all the relevant acceptance criteria defined in this specification, shall the coloured
labels referred to in 4.8.2 be attached. These coloured labels shall therefore also serve to indicate
that poles/cross-arms have been inspected, tested and confirmed as complying in all respects with
the requirements of this specification.
All poles which do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be physically marked by
suitable means, and segregated from the conforming product.
4.10.3 Audits on plants
The utility reserves the right to audit quality management systems, and verify all goods for
conformance during any stage of production, and after delivery. The utility or its inspection
authority/agency (or both) will conduct random product, process and/or quality management
systems audits/inspection at the treatment plant, utility storage yards and construction sites for the
purpose of verifying the continued product compliance with the requirements of this specification.
These audits/inspections may be performed without any prior notification to the treater.
The utility or its appointed inspection authority shall be afforded access to all areas of all plants
operated by the treater. Similarly all quality system documentation, records, reports etc., shall be
made available for review when requested by the utility or its appointed inspection
authority/agency. The treater shall give written permission to its product and quality management
system certification bodies, and any inspection authority acting on its behalf, to make available all
information at their disposal, and without any reservation, for review by the utility, or its
appointed inspection authority/agency.
If the utility or its inspection authority/agency identify any non-conforming products during the
conduct of its audits/inspections, the treater shall be deemed to be in breach of contract, and shall
be held liable for any re-work or associated replacement costs (or both). The treater shall in such
instances also be held liable for the full costs associated with the conduct of such
audits/inspections.
The nature, magnitude or frequency (or both) of non-conforming material identified by the utility
or its appointed inspection authority/agency will form the basis of action to suspend the supplier as
an approved supplier, or contract cancellation.
Inspection or waiving of inspections and audits by the utility or their representative shall not
relieve the treater of his responsibility to furnish poles complying fully with this specification.
The treating plant shall provide suitable facilities for the audits and inspection work and shall
supply any assistance necessary for the inspector to perform the audits.

5 Tests
5.1 General
The routine tests specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser or by the purchasers appointed
representative. At least two weeks notice is required in order to arrange for witnessing and
evaluation.
DZS 746-6: 2010
11
For a new species of pole to be accepted, the requirements for routine tests and type tests shall be
complied with.
5.2 Type tests
The following type tests shall be performed on a batch of 50 poles 11 m long. The range 10.8 m to
11.5 m is acceptable. The poles shall be dried to the required moisture content as specified in
SANS 753, SANS 754 and SAZS 120.
5.2.1 Strength test
Strength tests in accordance with annex E and annex or breaking load tests in accordance with
appendix B of SAZS 120 shall be used to calculate the average fibre stress of the poles. Check for
compliance with 4.2.6.
5.2.2 Sapwood test
The average sapwood thickness of two samples per pole or crossarm, taken diametrically opposite
each other at the ground line for poles and at the midpoint in the case of cross-arms, shall be at
least 15 mm for the Eucalyptus species and 20 mm for the Pinus species. The sapwood thickness
shall be determined in accordance with SANS 753, SANS 754 and SANS 5987.
5.2.3 Creosote retention test
The average retention of creosote, using two samples per pole, cross-arm or spacer, shall be a
minimum of 115 kg/m
3
for poles and 100 kg/m
3
for cross-arms and spacers, taken diametrically
opposite each other at the ground line for poles and at the approximate midpoint in the case of
cross-arms and spacers. The net retention of creosote shall be determined in accordance with
SANS 754 and SANS 5967.
5.2.4 Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) test

The MOE shall be determined in accordance with annex F of SANS 753 and annex G of SANS
754.

5.3 Routine tests
5.3.1 Routine sampling and inspection tests for the requirements in clause 4 shall be carried out in
accordance with annex B of SANS 753 and SANS 754 or clauses 5 and 6 of SANS 120. Check for
compliance with the requirements of clause 4.
5.3.2 Every pole shall be routinely inspected in accordance with clause 5 of SANS 754.
5.4 Test equipment and accuracy of measurement
5.4.1 Except as allowed in terms of 5.4.4, the test and measuring equipment, gauges and tools listed in
annex A and those necessary for the controls required during production and for testing of the
final production, shall be available at the treaters factory and shall be maintained in an
acceptable working condition.
5.4.2 The calibration accuracy of the test and measuring equipment, gauges and tools shall comply
with the national standards of the country where tests are conducted.
5.4.3 The treater shall on receipt of the equipment, gauges and tools referred to in 5.4.1, and after that,
at regular intervals which shall not exceed 1 year, arrange for the equipment, gauges and tools to
be verified, checked and calibrated by an accredited calibration authority. Certificates of
DZS 746-6: 2010
12
verification, checking and calibration shall be kept by the treater for inspection.
5.4.4 If the treater is unable to comply with the requirements of 5.4.1, then the treater shall arrange
with an accredited testing laboratory for the performance of certain specified tests.
DZS 746-6: 2010
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DZS 746-6: 2010
14
Annex A
(normative)
Test equipment
The following test equipment shall be available at the treaters factory for performing the required tests:
a) a suitable mass-meter for determining the mass of trolley loads of individual poles if the sample or
weigh-bridge method is used, or an acceptable measuring tank of the required accuracy if the
volumetric method is used;
b) equipment for the determination of moisture content, consisting of a balance capable of
determining, to within 0.1g, the mass of individual samples, as well as instruments for taking
samples, suitable containers for the samples and a ventilated oven capable of maintaining a
temperature of 100 C to 103 C;
c) an incremental borer or any other acceptable apparatus, for determining the depth of penetration of
the preservative;
d) instruments for measuring dimensions and angles;
e) thermometers, gauges and recorders to indicate accurately the measurement range within the
treating tank or testing cylinder, as relevant, during all stages of treatment;
f) when relevant, chemical reagents and applicators to detect the presence of sapwood and
preservative components;
DZS 746-6: 2010
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DZS 746-6: 2010
16
Annex B
(informative)
Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry
B.1 General
A model form is given in annex C to provide the purchaser with a convenient aid to purchasing. The use of
this form is intended to obviate the need for preparing a detailed technical specification.
The purchasers need only specify compliance with DZS 746-6, provide the tenderers with details of his
particular requirements, and set out the information he requires the tenderer to provide, as indicated below.
NOTE: It is assumed that tenderers are in possession of DZS 746-6.
B.2 Schedules
The model form in annex C provides the purchaser with examples of a schedule A and a schedule B. In his
enquiry, the purchaser should provide his own schedule A and schedule B, based on these examples.
B.2.1 Schedule A
Schedule A lists the requirements to be specified by the purchaser in enquiries and orders. These
requirements include references to the relevant sub-clauses in DZS 746-6, to assist in compiling the
schedules. Where the text of any referenced standard stipulates that the purchaser shall indicate his
requirements, these requirements should also be specified in schedule A.
The purchaser should set out his particular requirements and choices in his own schedule A.
B.2.2 Schedule B
The purchaser should draw up his own schedule B (based on the schedule B in the model form), and
request the tenderer to fill in this schedule. By doing this, the tenderer will be stating compliance with DZS
746-6 and will provide the information the purchaser has requested.
NOTE 1: These schedules, when completed, become normative annexes to the enquiry document.
DZS 746-6: 2010
17
Annex B
(concluded)
B.3 Commercial conditions
A purchaser will furthermore need to indicate the commercial conditions applicable and draw up a price
schedule. Requirements for delivery, storage, packing and marking should be attended to in this part of the
enquiry.
B.4 Quality assurance
DZS 746-6 does not cover the purchaser's possible requirements in respect of quality assurance, quality
control, inspections, etc., since each purchaser needs to consider the criticality of the application of each
component, his own policy towards these matters, etc.
B.5 Testing
Attention should be paid to the subject of tests and the related costs. Tests should be carried out by a
competent party and tenderers should be requested to provide assurances on this point. Price schedules
should be so drawn up and covering letters so worded that the costs of all services such as tests, delivery
and spares are declared and allowed for in the tender.
Before type tests, routine tests and sample tests are carried out, the number of samples used and the
frequency of sampling should be agreed upon with the supplier.
B.6 Revision of standards used as normative references
DZS 746-6, as has been indicated, is based on a set of defined standards, which may have been revised or
amended. It may be expected that most purchasers would, in principle, wish to employ the latest standards.
It is recommended that an approach to this question be to secure an undertaking from a supplier to review
the latest versions and amendments and to incorporate these where possible and agreeable to both parties. A
blanket commitment to work to the "latest" versions of standards creates legal difficulties of interpretation
and risks for both parties and should be properly assessed. This invariably cannot be done in the time
available.
DZS 746-6: 2010
18























DZS 746-6: 2010
19
Annex C
(informative)
Model form for schedules A and B
The model form is provided as a convenient aid to purchasing. Guidance on preparing an enquiry using this
form is given in Annex B.
Schedule A: Purchasers specific requirements Schedule B: Particulars of equipment to be supplied (to be
completed by tenderer).
Item Sub-
clause
Description Schedule A Schedule B
C.1 4.1
4.1
Species used
Region of source
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
________
________
C.2
4.2.1
4.2.1
Pole details:

Length
Top diameter thickness
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
________
________
C.3
4.2.2
4.2.2
Cross-arm details:

Length
Top diameter thickness
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
________
________
C.4
4.2.3
4.2.3
Rectangular cross-arm details:

Length
Top diameter thickness
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
________
________
C.5 4.3.4 Stacking of poles within three months after felling ________
xxxxxxxxx
C.6 4.5.1.1 Travelling time between stack drying yard and
treating plant
________ xxxxxxxxx
C.7 4.7.2 Minimum retention of creosote ________
xxxxxxxxx
C.8
4.8.1.2 (i)

4.8.1.2 (j)

4.8.1.3

4.8.3
General details

Supplier

Purchaser designation

Label on pole fixed 3,5 m from butt

Galvanized metal tag
xxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx

________

Yes
________

________

xxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx
4.10.1 Quality planning documents required? Yes/no ________
C.9 5.2 and
5.3
Standard to which testing and inspection will be
performed: SANS 753, SANS 754 or SAZS 120
xxxxxxxxx ________





DZS 746-6: 2010
20

Annex D
(informative)

Hard Class Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Hazard class Exposure class Timber
application
End use Preservative
type
Minimum
average net
retention kg/m3
Minimum
preservative
penetration
mm
H4 Exterior
ground
contact
Timber in
direct contact
with the
ground
Distribution
poles
Creosote 115
15
(Eucalyptus )
30 (Pinus)
H3 Exterior
above
ground
Timber not
in direct
contact with
the ground
but exposed
to leaching
and
weathering
Cross-arms
and spacers
CCA or
Creosote
12 or 100 15
(Eucalyptus )
20 (Pinus)
ANNEX E
(normative)


Dimensions and strength values for pine poles and cross-arms
NOTE: Extracted from SANS 753:1994 (Amended 1998)
Table E.1 Dimensions and strength values for pine poles and cross-arms

DZS 746-6: 2010
21













1 2 3 4 5 6
Length

m
Minimum top
diameter



mm
Minimum diameter
at theoretical ground
linea



mm
Minimum
diameter at
Midpointa


mm
Force required to cause a fibre
stress of 55 MPa
Cantilever
Loadingb

kN
Midpoint
Loadingc

kN
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
80
100
120
140
160
----- 83,75
103,75
123,75
143,75
165,75
----- 9,76
18,55
31,49
49,35
72,95
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
80
100
120
140
160
82,5
102,5
122,5
142,5
162,5
85
105
125
145
165
7,57
14,52
24,78
39,01
57,84
7,37
13,89
23,44
36,58
53,90
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
80
100
120
140
160
85
105
125
145
165
86,25
106,25
126,25
146,25
166,25
3,68
6,94
11,70
18,27
26,91
6,03
11,26
18,90
29,38
43,15
3,0
3,0
3,0
3,0
3,0
100
120
140
160
180
107,5
127,5
147,5
167,5
187,5
107,5
127,5
147,5
167,5
187,5
4,78
7,98
12,36
18,10
25,39
9,58
15,99
24,75
36,25
50,85
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
100
120
140
160
110
130
150
170
108,75
128,75
148,75
168,75
3,78
6,24
9,58
13,94
8,42
13,97
21,54
31,45
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
100
120
140
160
180
115
135
155
175
195
111,25
131,25
151,25
171,25
191,25
2,83
4,57
6,92
9,97
13,79
6,92
11,36
17,38
25,23
35,14
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
80
100
120
140
160
180
102,5
122,5
142,5
162,5
182,5
202,5
95 115
135 155
175 195
1,49 2,54 4,00
5,93 8,40
11,48
3,43
6,08
9,84
14,89
21,44
29,66
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
80
100
120
140
160
180
107,5
127,5
147,5
167,5
187,5
207,5
97,5
117,5
137,5
157,5
177,5
197,5
1,37
2,28
3,53
5,17
7,25
9,83
3,13
5,47
8,77
13,19
18,87

26,00
8,0
8,0
8,0
80
100
120
112,5
132,5
152,5
100
120
140
1,30
2,13
3,24
2,92
5,04
8,01
DZS 746-6: 2010
22
Annex E
(concluded)




DZS 746-6: 2010
23







DZS 746-6: 2010
24






DZS 746-6: 2010
25




DZS 746-6: 2010
26

DZS 746-6: 2010
27
Bibliography
The following documents were a source of reference in compiling this specification. They do not constitute
provisions of this specification but are referenced for further information:
BS 1990 -1: 1984: Wood poles for overhead power and telecommunication lines Part 1: Specification for
softwood poles.