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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Due: 2:00am on Friday, September 5, 2014
To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.

Arrow Hits Apple

An arrow is shot at an angle of = 45 above the horizontal. The arrow hits a tree a horizontal distance
2
D = 220 m away, at the same height above the ground as it was shot. Use g = 9.8 m/s for the magnitude of
the acceleration due to gravity.

Part A
Find ta , the time that the arrow spends in the air.
Answer numerically in seconds, to two significant figures.
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
ta

Suppose someone drops an apple from a vertical distance of 6.0 meters, directly above the point where the arrow
hits the tree.

Part B
How long after the arrow was shot should the apple be dropped, in order for the arrow to pierce the apple as the
arrow hits the tree?
Express your answer numerically in seconds, to two significant figures.
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
td

Circular Launch
A ball is launched up a semicircular chute in such a way that at the top of the chute, just before it goes into free fall,
the ball has a centripetal acceleration of magnitude 2 g.

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Part A
How far from the bottom of the chute does the ball land?
Your answer for the distance the ball travels from the end of the chute should contain

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
D

Problem 3.50
Spiraling Up. It is common to see birds of prey rising upward on thermals. The paths they take may be spiral-like.
You can model the spiral motion as uniform circular motion combined with a constant upward velocity. Assume a
bird completes a circle of radius 8.00 m every 5.00 s and rises vertically at a rate of 3.00 m/s.

Part A
Find the speed of the bird relative to the ground.
ANSWER:
m/s

Part B
Find the magnitude of the bird's acceleration.
ANSWER:

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

2

m/s

Part C
Find the direction of the bird's acceleration.
ANSWER:

above the horizontal

Part D
Find the angle between the bird's velocity vector and the horizontal.
ANSWER:

Problem 3.69
Two tanks are engaged in a training exercise on level ground. The first tank fires a paint-filled training round with a
muzzle speed of 236m/s at an angle 13.4 above the horizontal while advancing toward the second tank with a
speed of 13.5m/s relative to the ground. The second tank is retreating at a speed of 38.5m/s relative to the ground,
but is hit by the shell. You can ignore air resistance and assume the shell hits at the same height above ground from
which it was fired.

Part A
Find the distance between the tanks when the round was first fired.
Take free fall acceleration to be

= 9.80m/s2 .

ANSWER:
m

Part B
Find the distance between the tanks at the time of impact.
Take free fall acceleration to be

= 9.80m/s2 .

ANSWER:
m

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Battleship Shells
A battleship simultaneously fires two shells toward two identical enemy ships. One shell hits ship A, which is close
by, and the other hits ship B, which is farther away. The two shells are fired at the same speed. Assume that air
resistance is negligible and that the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is g.
Note that after Part B the question setup changes slightly.

Part A
What shape is the trajectory (graph of y vs. x) of the shells?
ANSWER:
straight line
parabola
hyperbola
The shape cannot be determined.

Part B
For two shells fired at the same speed which statement about the horizontal distance traveled is correct?
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
The shell fired at a larger angle with respect to the horizontal lands farther away.
The shell fired at an angle closest to 45 degrees lands farther away.
The shell fired at a smaller angle with respect to the horizontal lands farther away.
The lighter shell lands farther away.

Now, consider for the remaining parts of the question below that both shells are fired at an angle greater than 45
degrees with respect to the horizontal. Remember that enemy ship A is closer than enemy ship B.

Part C
Which shell is fired at the larger angle?
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

A
B
Both shells are fired at the same angle.

Part D
Which shell is launched with a greater vertical velocity,

vy

ANSWER:
A
B
Both shells are launched with the same vertical velocity.

Part E
Which shell is launched with a greater horizontal velocity,

vx

ANSWER:
A
B
Both shells are launched with the same horizontal velocity.

Part F
Which shell reaches the greater maximum height?
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
A
B
Both shells reach the same maximum height.

Part G
Which shell has the longest travel time (time elapsed between being fired and hitting the enemy ship)?
You did not open hints for this part.

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ANSWER:
A
B
Both shells have the same travel time.

A Wild Ride
A car in a roller coaster moves along a track that consists of a sequence of ups and downs. Let the x axis be parallel
to the ground and the positive y axis point upward. In the time interval from t = 0 to t = 4 s, the trajectory of the car
along a certain section of the track is given by
3
3
2
2
r = A(1 m/s)t ^
i + A[(1 m/s )t 6(1 m/s )t ]^
j

where A is a positive dimensionless constant.

Part A
At

t = 2.0 s

is the roller coaster car ascending or descending?

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
ascending
descending

Part B
Derive a general expression for the speed v of the car.
Express your answer in meters per second in terms of A and t.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
v

m/s

Part C
The roller coaster is designed according to safety regulations that prohibit the speed of the car from exceeding
20 m/s. Find the maximum value of A allowed by these regulations.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
Amax

Shooting over a Hill

A projectile is fired with speed v0 at an angle from the horizontal as shown in the figure .

Part A
Find the highest point in the trajectory,

Express the highest point in terms of the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity g, the initial
velocity v0 , and the angle .

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
H

Part B
What is the range of the projectile,

Express the range in terms of v0 , , and g.

You did not open hints for this part.

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

ANSWER:
R

Consider your advice to an artillery officer who has the following problem. From his current postition, he must shoot
over a hill of height H at a target on the other side, which has the same elevation as his gun. He knows from his
accurate map both the bearing and the distance R to the target and also that the hill is halfway to the target. To
shoot as accurately as possible, he wants the projectile to just barely pass above the hill.

Part C
Find the angle above the horizontal at which the projectile should be fired.
Express your answer in terms of H and

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
=

Part D
What is the initial speed?
Express v0 in terms of g,

, and

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
v0

Part E
Find tg , the flight time of the projectile.
Express the flight time in terms of H and g.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
tg

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Uniform Circular Motion

Learning Goal:
To find the velocity and acceleration vectors for uniform circular motion and to recognize that this acceleration is the
centripetal acceleration.
Suppose that a particle's position is given by the following expression:
^
^
r (t) = R[cos(t) i + sin(t)j ]
= R cos(t)^
i + R sin(t)^
j

Part A
Choose the answer that best completes the following sentence:
The particle's motion at t = 0 can be described by ____________.
ANSWER:
an ellipse starting at time t

= 0

on the positive x axis

an ellipse starting at time t

= 0

on the positive y axis

a circle starting at time t

= 0

on the positive x axis

a circle starting at time t

= 0

on the positive y axis

Part B
When does the particle first cross the negative x axis?
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables (Greek letter omega),

, and

ANSWER:
tx

Now, consider the velocity and speed of the particle.

Part C
Find the particle's velocity as a function of time.
Express your answer using unit vectors (e.g.,

^
A i

^
B j

, where

and

are functions of ,

, , and

R t

).

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
v (t)

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Part D
Find the speed of the particle at time t.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables ,

, and

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:
v(t) = |v (t)|

Part E
Now find the acceleration of the particle.
Express your answer using unit vectors (e.g.,

A ^
i

, where

B ^
j

and

are functions of ,

, , and

R t

).

ANSWER:
a (t)

Part F
Your calculation is actually a derivation of the centripetal acceleration. To see this, express the acceleration of

the particle in terms of its position r (t)

.

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables r (t)

and

ANSWER:
a (t)

Part G
This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s).

Part H
Finally, express the magnitude of the particle's acceleration in terms of R and v using the expression you
obtained for the speed of the particle.
Express your answer in terms of one or both of the variables R and v.
ANSWER:

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

a

Curved Motion Diagram

The motion diagram shown in the figure represents a pendulum released from rest at an angle of 45 from the
vertical. The dots in the motion diagram represent the
positions of the pendulum bob at eleven moments
separated by equal time intervals. The green arrows
represent the average velocity between adjacent dots.
Also given is a "compass rose" in which directions are
labeled with the letters of the alphabet.

Part A
What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moment 5?
Enter the letter of the arrow with this direction from the compass rose in the figure. Type Zif the
acceleration vector has zero length.
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:

Part B
What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moments 0 and 10?
Enter the letters corresponding to the arrows with these directions from the compass rose in the
figure, separated by commas. Type Zif the acceleration vector has zero length.
You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
directions at time step 0, time step 10 =

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

A Canoe on a River
A canoe has a velocity of 0.440m/s southeast relative to the earth. The canoe is on a river that is flowing at 0.500
m/s east relative to the earth.

Part A
Find the magnitude of the velocity

v c/r

of the canoe relative to the river.

Express your answer in meters per second.

You did not open hints for this part.
ANSWER:
v c/r

m/s

Part B
This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s).

Problem 3.34
The Ferris wheel in the figure , which rotates counterclockwise, is just starting up. At a given instant, a passenger on
the rim of the wheel and passing through the lowest point of his circular motion is moving at 3.00 m/s and is gaining
speed at a rate of 0.500 m/s2 .

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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Part A
Find the magnitude of the passenger's acceleration at this instant.
ANSWER:
2

m/s

Part B
Find the direction of the passenger's acceleration at this instant.
ANSWER:

to the right of vertical

Problem 3.78
You are flying in a light airplane spotting traffic for a radio station. Your flight carries you due east above a highway.
Landmarks below tell you that your speed is 52.0m/s relative to the ground and your air speed indicator also reads
52.0m/s . However, the nose of your airplane is pointed somewhat south of east and the station's weather person
tells you that the wind is blowing with speed 18.0m/s .

Part A
In which direction is the wind blowing?
Express your answer as an angle measured east of north.
ANSWER:

east of north

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 0.0%.
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Assignment 1: Kinematics in 2 and 3 Dimensions

You received 0 out of a possible total of 40 points.

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